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Beyoğlu D, Popov YV, Idle JR. The Metabolomic Footprint of Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2024; 13:1333. [PMID: 39195223 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Both experimental and clinical liver fibrosis leave a metabolic footprint that can be uncovered and defined using metabolomic approaches. Metabolomics combines pattern recognition algorithms with analytical chemistry, in particular, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms. The analysis of liver fibrosis by each of these methodologies is reviewed separately. Surprisingly, there was little general agreement between studies within each of these three groups and also between groups. The metabolomic footprint determined by NMR (two or more hits between studies) comprised elevated lactate, acetate, choline, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, histidine, methionine, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and citrate. For GC-MS, succinate, fumarate, malate, ascorbate, glutamate, glycine, serine and, in agreement with NMR, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and citrate were delineated. For LC-MS, only β-muricholic acid, tryptophan, acylcarnitine, p-cresol, valine and, in agreement with NMR, phosphocholine were identified. The metabolomic footprint of liver fibrosis was upregulated as regards glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, citrate and phosphocholine. Several investigators employed traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments to reverse experimental liver fibrosis, and a commentary is given on the chemical constituents that may possess fibrolytic activity. It is proposed that molecular docking procedures using these TCM constituents may lead to novel therapies for liver fibrosis affecting at least one-in-twenty persons globally, for which there is currently no pharmaceutical cure. This in-depth review summarizes the relevant literature on metabolomics and its implications in addressing the clinical problem of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diren Beyoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
| | - Yury V Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Idle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
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Rusticeanu MA, Zimmer V. Alterations in Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Visualized by Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Liver Cirrhosis: A Pilot Trial (AMBIC). Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1606. [PMID: 39125482 PMCID: PMC11311864 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14151606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease occurs throughout the world irrespective of region, age, sex, or race, and it is caused by a variety of liver conditions. One of the most frequent infectious complications in liver cirrhosis that severely reduces the median survival is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Current guidelines recommend a paracentesis before starting an antibiotic prophylaxis for this complication. METHODS Selective intestinal decontamination significantly lowers the rate of first or recurrent SBP in cirrhotic patients, so in this study we aimed to investigate and quantify the intestinal integrity of patients with liver cirrhosis and correlate a pathologically increased permeability with the incidence of SPB. We included 14 patients who met the inclusion criteria. No patient was excluded. For the CLE investigation, we use probe based confocal laser endomicroscopy techniques from Mauna Kea (Cellvizio), enabling in vivo surface imaging. The images (optical biopsies) were analyzed for functional and structural barrier defects after the procedure using Mauna Kea software (version 1.0.09). RESULTS Because of the small number of included patients and healthy controls, most results are lacking statistical relevance. We found that the CLE investigation showed an increased intestinal permeability in patients with liver cirrhosis, in concordance with previous published data, based on other assessment methods. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that previously published permeability scores can be applied for patients with liver cirrhosis and is, to our knowledge, the first to investigate the intestinal permeability in vivo in patients with liver cirrhosis. Further data are needed to identify patients at risk and help develop new and less invasive diagnostic criteria for cirrhotic patients who may profit from a prophylactic antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Alexandrina Rusticeanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Asklepios Klinikum Schwalmstadt, Krankenhausstraße 27, 34613 Schwalmstadt, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Berne, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zimmer
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Knappschaftsklinikum Saar, In d. Humes 35, 66346 Püttlingen, Germany;
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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3
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Xu L, Wang P, Pan Y, Zhou X, Yin G. Predictive value of blood coagulation and routine blood indices for rebleeding after endoscopic treatment in hepatitis B-related cirrhotic patients with esophagogastric fundal varices: a logistic regression model analysis. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:2982-2994. [PMID: 39114728 PMCID: PMC11301475 DOI: 10.62347/icqu1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the predictive value of blood coagulation and routine blood indices for rebleeding after endoscopic treatment of ruptured esophagogastric fundal varices (EGVB) in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B infection. METHODS This retrospective analysis included 248 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and EGVB who received initial endoscopic treatment from October 2019 to March 2022 and were followed up for 12 months. Patients were divided into rebleeding and non-rebleeding groups. Laboratory indices were analyzed, and univariate and multivariate analyses identified predictors of rebleeding. The efficacy of a logistic regression model was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA), and a risk factor nomogram was constructed for assessing the predictive efficiency of those risk factors. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed significant differences in portal vein diameters and lower Child-Pugh scores in the rebleeding group in contrast to those in the non-rebleeding group. Key laboratory markers such as platelet count (PLT), albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lymphocytes (LYM), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were lower, while prothrombin time (PT) and lactate levels (LN) were higher in the rebleeding group than those in the non-rebleeding group. Multivariate analysis identified portal vein diameter, PLT, ALT, PT, LYM, and PNI as significant predictors of rebleeding. The logistic model demonstrated high accuracy (AUC=0.986) and clinical value, validated by ROC curves, calibration curves (C-index =0.986), and DCA results. A risk factor predictive nomogram was successfully constructed. CONCLUSION This study developed a logistic regression model with a nomogram for predicting EGVB-related rebleeding in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis, achieving an AUC of 0.986, indicating high accuracy and significant clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital (The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)No. 733 Fuli West Road, Xigu District, Lanzhou 730060, Gansu, China
| | - Pengbin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People’s Hospital of Lanzhou CityNo. 388 Jingyuan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730060, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital (The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)No. 733 Fuli West Road, Xigu District, Lanzhou 730060, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital (The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)No. 733 Fuli West Road, Xigu District, Lanzhou 730060, Gansu, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital (The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)No. 733 Fuli West Road, Xigu District, Lanzhou 730060, Gansu, China
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4
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Zhang L, Wang JY, Zhao CY, Shen C, Chen MR, Tian ZY. Prognostic role of the stromal cell derived factor-1 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:3845-3853. [PMID: 38994298 PMCID: PMC11235443 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i19.3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) plays a pivotal role in the recruitment of stem cells to injured livers. However, the changes of SDF-l in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) have yet to be elucidated. AIM To study the SDF-1 changes in patients with HBV-related ACLF. METHODS 30 patients with HBV-related ACLF, 27 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 20 healthy individuals are involved in our study. The SDF-l mRNA expression in liver tissue was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to illustrate the expression of SDF-l, CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) and Ki67. The serum SDF-l concentrations were also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS The expression of SDF-1 mRNA from ACLF patients was remarkably higher than that from other patients (both P < 0.05). The expression of SDF-l, CXCR4 and Ki67 from ACLF were the highest among the three groups (all P < 0.01). The serum SDF-l levels in ACLF patients were significantly lower than that in other patients (both P < 0.01). Moreover, in ACLF patients, the serum SDF-1 Levels were positively correlated with serum total bilirubin and international normalized ratio. In addition, the serum SDF-l levels in survival were significantly lower compared with the non-survivals (P < 0.05). The area under the curve for the serum SDF-1 level in predicting 28-d mortality was 0.722 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study provides the SDF-1 changes in patients with HBV-related ACLF. The SDF-1 Level at admission may serve as a promising prognostic marker for predicting short-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui 053000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui 053000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Cai-Yan Zhao
- Department of Infection, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chuan Shen
- Department of Infection, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Mei-Ru Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui 053000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui 053000, Hebei Province, China
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Fite EL, Makary MS. Transarterial Chemoembolization Treatment Paradigms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2430. [PMID: 39001491 PMCID: PMC11240648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 90% of liver cancer cases worldwide and is currently the most quickly increasing cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The 5-year survival rate for primary liver cancer is estimated to be below 20%, and HCC mortality is expected to increase by 41% by 2040. Currently, surgical resection is the first-line approach to definitive treatment of early-stage HCC. However, the majority of patients present with late-stage, unresectable disease due to the asymptomatic nature of early HCC. For patients who present with unresectable HCC, locoregional therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) represent an alternative approach to HCC treatment. TACE is a minimally invasive, catheter-based technique that allows for targeted delivery of chemotherapy to tumor sites while occluding tumor-feeding blood vessels. In appropriately selected patients, outcomes for TACE therapy have been shown to be more favorable than supportive care or conservative management. The increasing incidence and mortality of HCC, in addition to the late-stage presentation of most HCC patients, demonstrates the need to expand the role of locoregional therapies in the treatment of HCC. TACE represents an appealing approach to HCC management, including disease control, palliation, and potentially curative-intent strategies. In this review, we will describe the current utility of TACE in the treatment of HCC, characterize the outcomes of patients treated with TACE across different HCC stages, and outline future applications of TACE in the treatment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott L Fite
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mina S Makary
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Kutaiba N, Chung W, Goodwin M, Testro A, Egan G, Lim R. The impact of hepatic and splenic volumetric assessment in imaging for chronic liver disease: a narrative review. Insights Imaging 2024; 15:146. [PMID: 38886297 PMCID: PMC11183036 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-024-01727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can fully visualise the liver and adjacent structures in the upper abdomen providing a reproducible assessment of the liver and biliary system and can detect features of portal hypertension. Subjective interpretation of CT and MRI in the assessment of liver parenchyma for early and advanced stages of fibrosis (pre-cirrhosis), as well as severity of portal hypertension, is limited. Quantitative and reproducible measurements of hepatic and splenic volumes have been shown to correlate with fibrosis staging, clinical outcomes, and mortality. In this review, we will explore the role of volumetric measurements in relation to diagnosis, assessment of severity and prediction of outcomes in chronic liver disease patients. We conclude that volumetric analysis of the liver and spleen can provide important information in such patients, has the potential to stratify patients' stage of hepatic fibrosis and disease severity, and can provide critical prognostic information. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This review highlights the role of volumetric measurements of the liver and spleen using CT and MRI in relation to diagnosis, assessment of severity, and prediction of outcomes in chronic liver disease patients. KEY POINTS: Volumetry of the liver and spleen using CT and MRI correlates with hepatic fibrosis stages and cirrhosis. Volumetric measurements correlate with chronic liver disease outcomes. Fully automated methods for volumetry are required for implementation into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numan Kutaiba
- Department of Radiology, Austin Health, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - William Chung
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Mark Goodwin
- Department of Radiology, Austin Health, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Testro
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Gary Egan
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ruth Lim
- Department of Radiology, Austin Health, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ooi H, Asai Y, Koriyama Y, Takahashi M. Decreased Hepatic Functional Reserve Increases the Risk of Piperacillin/Tazobactam-Induced Abnormal Liver Enzyme Levels: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. Ann Pharmacother 2024:10600280241255837. [PMID: 38840491 DOI: 10.1177/10600280241255837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPC/TAZ), which is a combination of a beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor, often causes liver enzyme abnormalities. The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score is a simple index that uses the serum albumin and total bilirubin levels for estimating hepatic functional reserve. Although patients with low hepatic reserve may be at high risk for drug-induced liver enzyme abnormalities, the relationship between PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzymes levels and the ALBI score remains unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels and the ALBI score. METHODS This single-center retrospective case-control study included 335 patients. The primary outcome was PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels. We performed COX regression analysis with male gender, age (≥75 years), alanine aminotransferase level (≥20 IU/L), and ALBI score (≥-2.00) as explanatory factors. To investigate the influence of the ALBI score on the development of abnormal liver enzyme levels, 1:1 propensity score matching between the ≤-2.00 and ≥-2.00 ALBI score groups was performed using the risk factors for drug-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels. RESULTS The incidence of abnormal liver enzyme levels was 14.0% (47/335). COX regression analysis revealed that an ALBI score ≥-2.00 was an independent risk factor for PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.08, 95% coefficient interval: 1.207-7.835, P = 0.019). After 1:1 propensity score matching, the Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that the cumulative risk for PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels was significantly higher in the ALBI score ≥-2.00 group (n = 76) than in the <-2.00 group (n = 76) (P = 0.033). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE An ALBI score ≥-2.00 may predict the development of PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels. Therefore, frequent monitoring of liver enzymes should be conducted to minimize the risk of severe PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels in patients with low hepatic functional reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayahide Ooi
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Mie Chuo Medical Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yuki Asai
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Koriyama
- Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Mie Chuo Medical Center, Tsu, Japan
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Ding M, Yin Y, Wang X, Zhu M, Xu S, Wang L, Yi F, Abby Philips C, Gomes Romeiro F, Qi X. Associations of gallbladder and gallstone parameters with clinical outcomes in patients with cirrhosis. J Transl Int Med 2024; 12:308-316. [PMID: 39081278 PMCID: PMC11285020 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2022-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Morphologic changes in the gallbladder and gallstones are common in cirrhotic patients, but their associations with outcomes of cirrhotic patients are unclear. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 206 cirrhotic patients and measured their gallbladder length and width, gallbladder wall thickness, presence of gallstones, and gallstones' length and width in axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images. X-tile software was utilized to calculate the optimal cutoff values of these parameters for evaluating survival and hepatic decompensation events in the cirrhosis group. Their associations with survival were explored by Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier curve analyses. Their associations with hepatic decompensation events were evaluated by competing risk analyses and Nelson-Aalen cumulative risk curve analyses where death was a competing event. Results Cirrhotic patients with gallbladder length < 72 mm had a significantly higher cumulative survival rate than those with a length of ≥ 72 mm (P = 0.049 by log-rank test), but gallbladder width, gallbladder wall thickness, presence of gallstones, and gallstones' length and width were not significantly associated with survival (P = 0.10, P = 0.14, P = 0.97, P = 0.73, and P = 0.73 by log-rank tests, respectively). Cirrhotic patients with gallbladder wall thickness < 3.4 mm had a significantly lower cumulative rate of hepatic decompensation events than those with a wall thickness of ≥ 3.4 mm (P = 0.02 by Gray's test), but gallbladder length and width, presence of gallstones, and gallstones' length and width were not significantly associated with hepatic decompensation events (P = 0.15, P = 0.15, P = 0.54, P = 0.76, and P = 0.54 by Gray's tests, respectively). Conclusion Changes in gallbladder length and gallbladder wall thickness, rather than gallstone parameters, may be in parallel with the long-term outcomes of cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ding
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Menghua Zhu
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shixue Xu
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Le Wang
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fangfang Yi
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cyriac Abby Philips
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology & Monarch Liver Laboratory, the Liver Institute Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Kochi682028, India
| | - Fernando Gomes Romeiro
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu18608917, Brazil
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
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Mazza S, Frigerio C, Alfieri D, Mauro A, Torello Viera F, Scalvini D, Barteselli C, Sgarlata C, Veronese L, Bardone M, Rovedatti L, Agazzi S, Strada E, Pozzi L, Maestri M, Ravetta V, Anderloni A. Prognostic Role of Basal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Suitable for Curative Treatment. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:692. [PMID: 38792876 PMCID: PMC11123130 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a recognized affordable oncological marker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, AFP's prognostic role has been assessed mainly after specific treatments, and no unanimously recognized cut-offs have been identified. The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic role of different basal AFP cut-offs on survival and HCC course. Materials and Methods: In this single-center, retrospective study, all patients newly diagnosed with HCC between January 2009 and December 2021 were prospectively enrolled. Only patients suitable for curative HCC treatments were included in the analyses. Patients were stratified according to AFP cut-offs of 20, 200, 400, and 1000 ng/mL, which were correlated with survival outcomes and clinical parameters. Results: A total of 266 patients were analyzed, with a median follow-up time of 41.5 months. Median overall survival (OS) of all cohort was 43 months. At the multivariate Cox-regression analysis, AFP value ≥ 1000 ng/mL correlated with impaired OS (1-year OS: 67% vs. 88%, 5-year OS: 1% vs. 43%; p = 0.005); other risk factors were tumor dimension ≥ 5 cm (HR 1.73; p = 0.002), Child-Pugh class B-C (HR 1.72; p = 0.002), BCLC stage A (vs. 0) (HR 2.4; p = 0.011), and malignant portal vein thrombosis (HR 2.57; p = 0.007). AFP ≥ 1000 ng/mL was also associated with a reduced recurrence-free survival (HR 2.0; p = 0.038), while starting from AFP ≥ 20 ng/mL, a correlation with development of HCC metastases over time (HR 3.5; p = 0.002) was seen. AFP values ≥ 20 ng/mL significantly correlated with tumor size and higher histological grading; starting from AFP values ≥ 400 ng/mL, a significant correlation with Child-Pugh class B-C and female gender was also observed. Conclusions: Basal AFP correlates with relevant outcomes in patients with HCC. It could help identify patients at a higher risk of worse prognosis who might benefit from personalized surveillance and treatment programs. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mazza
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Frigerio
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Alfieri
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aurelio Mauro
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Torello Viera
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Scalvini
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Barteselli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmelo Sgarlata
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Letizia Veronese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Bardone
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Rovedatti
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Agazzi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Strada
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lodovica Pozzi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Maestri
- General Surgery I, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Ravetta
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Anderloni
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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John BV, Dang Y, Kaplan DE, Jou JH, Taddei TH, Spector SA, Martin P, Bastaich DR, Chao HH, Dahman B. Liver Stiffness Measurement and Risk Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After HCV Eradication in Veterans With Cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:778-788.e7. [PMID: 38061410 PMCID: PMC10960676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) are at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) despite a sustained virological response (SVR). We examined whether post-SVR liver stiffness measurement (LSM) could be used to stratify HCC risk. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 1850 participants identified from the Veterans Health Administration, with HCV cirrhosis and SVR, followed up over 5099 person-years, from the time of post-SVR elastography until death, HCC, or the end of the study. RESULTS The risk of HCC increased by 3% with every 1-kPa increase in LSM (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.04; P < .001) and decreased with the number of years from SVR (aHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70-0.90; P = .0003). The adjusted annual risk of HCC was 2.03% among participants with post-SVR LSM <10 kPa, 2.48% in LSM 10-14.9 kPa (aHR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01-2.88; P = .046), 3.22% for LSM 15-19.9 kPa (aHR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.78-3.20; P = .20), 5.07% among LSM 20-24.9 kPa (aHR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.30-5.01; P = .01), and 5.44% in LSM ≥25 kPa (aHR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.74-5.26; P < .0001). The adjusted annual risk of HCC was < 0.4% in participants with LSM <5 kPa and without diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS LSM predicts rates of HCC in patients with HCV cirrhosis after SVR at multiple cutoff levels and offers a single test to predict portal hypertension-related complications and HCC. Patients with LSM <5 kPa in the absence of diabetes mellitus had a low risk of HCC in which surveillance could be discontinued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu V John
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Miami VA Medical System, Miami, Florida; Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - Yangyang Dang
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David E Kaplan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janice H Jou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Portland VA Medical Center and Oregon Health University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tamar H Taddei
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Seth A Spector
- Department of Surgery, Miami VA Medical System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Paul Martin
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dustin R Bastaich
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hann-Hsiang Chao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Central Virginia Health System and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Bassam Dahman
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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11
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Wang W, Dong L, Gao Y, Gao F, Wang Z, Ding M, Gu C, Li Z, Yin Y, Zhu M, Chen H, Li H, Qi X. Association of echocardiography-related parameters with the prognosis of decompensated cirrhosis: a retrospective cohort study. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:613-620. [PMID: 38369940 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2319821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac morphology and function, which are conventionally evaluated by echocardiography, are often abnormal in decompensated cirrhosis. We aimed to evaluate the association of echocardiography-related parameters with prognosis in cirrhosis. METHODS This retrospective study included 104 decompensated cirrhotic patients, in whom cardiac structure and function were measured by echocardiography, including mitral inflow early diastolic velocity/mitral inflow late diastolic velocity (E/A), left atrium diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, right atrial transverse diameter, right atrial longitudinal diameter, right ventricular dimension (RVD), stroke volume, cardiac output, left ventricular ejection fraction, and fractional shortening. Cox regression and competing risk analyses and Kaplan-Meier and Nelson-Aalen cumulative risk curves were used to evaluate their associations with further decompensation and death in cirrhotic patients, if appropriate. RESULTS Lower RVD was a predictor of further decompensation in Cox regression (adjusted by Child-Pugh score: p = 0.138; adjusted by MELD score: p = 0.034) and competing risk analyses (p = 0.003), and RVD ≤17 mm was significantly associated with higher cumulative incidence of further decompensation in Kaplan-Meier (p = 0.002) and Nelson-Aalen cumulative risk curves (p = 0.002). E/A ≤ 0.8 was a significant predictor of death in Cox regression (adjusted by Child-Pugh score: p = 0.041; adjusted by MELD score: p = 0.045) and competing risk analyses (p = 0.024), and E/A ≤ 0.8 was significantly associated with higher cumulative incidence of death in Kaplan-Meier (p = 0.023) and Nelson-Aalen cumulative risk curves (p = 0.024). Other echocardiography-related parameters were not significantly associated with further decompensation or death. CONCLUSION RVD and E/A may be considered for the prognostic assessment of decompensated cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Liyan Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangbo Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongchao Wang
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunru Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Menghua Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongxin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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Yang X, Lei L, Shi W, Li X, Huang X, Lan L, Lin J, Liang Q, Li W, Yang J. Probiotics are beneficial for liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1379333. [PMID: 38618195 PMCID: PMC11010643 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1379333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut dysbiosis may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and the severity of complications. Numerous studies have investigated the probiotics as treatments for cirrhosis. However, there is still a lack of definitive evidence confirming the beneficial effects of probiotics on cirrhosis. Methods Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of probiotic intervention and control treatments, including placebo, no treatment, and active control, on cirrhosis, published from inception to February 2024. Outcomes included hepatic encephalopathy (HE) reversal, safety and tolerability of probiotics, liver function, quality of life, and other cirrhotic-related outcomes. A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize evidence. Results Thirty studies were included. The quantitative synthesis results showed that compared with the control group, probiotics significantly reverse minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) (risk ratio [RR] 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03 to 2.32) and improve HE (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.06). Additionally, probiotics demonstrated higher safety and tolerability by causing a lower incidence of serious adverse events (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.87). Probiotics could potentially improve liver function by reducing the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.57, 95% CI -0.85 to -0.30), and displayed favorable changes in quality of life (SMD 0.51, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.75) and gut flora (SMD 1.67, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.06). Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis offers compelling evidence that probiotics are beneficial for cirrhosis by demonstrating reversal of HE, potential for liver function improvements, enhancements in quality of life, and regulation of gut dysbiosis. Furthermore, the apparent safety profile suggests that probiotics are a promising intervention for treating cirrhosis. Clinical trial registration number CRD42023478380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- Health Management Research Institute, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Langhuan Lei
- Health Management Research Institute, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Health Management Research Institute, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- Health Management Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaozhi Huang
- Health Management Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Liuyan Lan
- Office of Hospital Quality and Safety Management Committee, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jiali Lin
- Health Management Research Institute, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuyu Liang
- Health Management Research Institute, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Li
- Health Management Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Health Management Research Institute, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
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Gu GX, Pan ST, Fan YC, Chen C, Xia Q. Development and validation of a nomogram to predict allograft survival after pediatric liver transplantation. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:239-249. [PMID: 37874508 PMCID: PMC10957674 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is the main treatment for cholestatic liver disease and some metabolic liver diseases in children. However, no accurate prediction model to determine the survival probability of grafts prior to surgery exists. This study aimed to develop an effective prognostic model for allograft survival after pediatric liver transplantation. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 2032 patients who underwent pediatric liver transplantation between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2020. A nomogram was developed using Cox regression and validated based on bootstrap sampling. Predictive and discriminatory accuracies were determined using the concordance index and visualized using calibration curves; net benefits were calculated for model comparison. An online Shiny application was developed for easy access to the model. RESULTS Multivariable analysis demonstrated that preoperative diagnosis, recipient age, body weight, graft type, preoperative total bilirubin, interleukin-1β, portal venous blood flow direction, spleen thickness, and the presence of heart disease and cholangitis were independent factors for survival, all of which were selected in the nomogram. Calibration of the nomogram indicated that the 1-, 3-, and 5-year predicted survival rates agreed with the actual survival rate. The concordance indices for graft survival at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.776, 0.757, and 0.753, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease and Child-Pugh scoring systems. The allograft dysfunction risk of a recipient could be easily predicted using the following URL: https://aspelt.shinyapps.io/ASPELT/ / CONCLUSION: The allograft survival after pediatric liver transplantation (ASPELT) score model can effectively predict the graft survival rate after liver transplantation in children, providing a simple and convenient evaluation method for clinicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xiang Gu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200128, China.
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Sun Yet-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Shu-Ting Pan
- Clinical Center for Investigation, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Chen Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200128, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200128, China.
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14
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Kotak PS, Kumar J, Kumar S, Varma A, Acharya S. Navigating Cirrhosis: A Comprehensive Review of Liver Scoring Systems for Diagnosis and Prognosis. Cureus 2024; 16:e57162. [PMID: 38681340 PMCID: PMC11056016 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review navigates the landscape of liver scoring systems for the diagnosis and prognosis of cirrhosis. Cirrhosis, a chronic and progressive liver disease, presents significant challenges in its diagnosis and management. The review begins by defining and providing an overview of cirrhosis, emphasizing its clinical implications. Highlighting the significance of liver scoring systems, including the Child-Pugh score, end-stage liver disease, albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score, and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, the study explores their role in assessing liver dysfunction severity and predicting outcomes. A meticulous analysis identifies the strengths and limitations of these scoring systems, offering valuable insights for clinicians. The recommendations emphasize incorporating these tools into routine clinical practice for early intervention and personalized treatment plans. Interdisciplinary collaboration is underscored as crucial for a holistic approach to cirrhosis management. The conclusion calls for future research to refine existing scoring systems, explore emerging biomarkers and imaging techniques, and conduct prospective studies to enhance precision. By embracing these recommendations, the medical community can advance the understanding and management of cirrhosis, ultimately improving patient outcomes and revolutionizing liver disease approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palash S Kotak
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Jayanth Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Anuj Varma
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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15
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Mani RK, Bhatnagar S, Butola S, Gursahani R, Mehta D, Simha S, Divatia JV, Kumar A, Iyer SK, Deodhar J, Bhat RS, Salins N, Thota RS, Mathur R, Iyer RK, Gupta S, Kulkarni P, Murugan S, Nasa P, Myatra SN. Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine and Indian Association of Palliative Care Expert Consensus and Position Statements for End-of-life and Palliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024; 28:200-250. [PMID: 38477011 PMCID: PMC10926026 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
End-of-life care (EOLC) exemplifies the joint mission of intensive and palliative care (PC) in their human-centeredness. The explosion of technological advances in medicine must be balanced with the culture of holistic care. Inevitably, it brings together the science and the art of medicine in their full expression. High-quality EOLC in the ICU is grounded in evidence, ethical principles, and professionalism within the framework of the Law. Expert professional statements over the last two decades in India were developed while the law was evolving. Recent landmark Supreme Court judgments have necessitated a review of the clinical pathway for EOLC outlined in the previous statements. Much empirical and interventional evidence has accumulated since the position statement in 2014. This iteration of the joint Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine-Indian Association of Palliative Care (ISCCM-IAPC) Position Statement for EOLC combines contemporary evidence, ethics, and law for decision support by the bedside in Indian ICUs. How to cite this article Mani RK, Bhatnagar S, Butola S, Gursahani R, Mehta D, Simha S, et al. Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine and Indian Association of Palliative Care Expert Consensus and Position Statements for End-of-life and Palliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(3):200-250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Mani
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonology, Yashoda Super Specialty Hospital, Ghaziabad, Kaushambi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushma Bhatnagar
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Savita Butola
- Department of Palliative Care, Border Security Force Sector Hospital, Panisagar, Tripura, India
| | - Roop Gursahani
- Department of Neurology, P. D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhvani Mehta
- Division of Health, Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy, New Delhi, India
| | - Srinagesh Simha
- Department of Palliative Care, Karunashraya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jigeeshu V Divatia
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Intensive Care, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Fortis Healthcare Ltd, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shiva K Iyer
- Department of Critical Care, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayita Deodhar
- Department Palliative Care, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajani S Bhat
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology and Palliative Medicine, SPARSH Hospitals, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Salins
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu S Thota
- Department Palliative Care, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Roli Mathur
- Department of Bioethics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajam K Iyer
- Department of Palliative Care, Bhatia Hospital; P. D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sangeetha Murugan
- Department of Education and Research, Karunashraya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Nasa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, NMC Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheila N Myatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Prokopidis K, Affronti M, Testa GD, Ungar A, Cereda E, Smith L, Pegreffi F, Barbagallo M, Veronese N. Sarcopenia increases mortality risk in liver transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Panminerva Med 2024; 66:47-54. [PMID: 37539669 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.23.04863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver transplantation is an efficacious treatment option for those with liver cirrhosis. However, the prognostic role of sarcopenia in these patients is unknown. Given this background, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of sarcopenia on mortality in patients listed, evaluated and undergoing liver transplantation. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Several databases were searched from the inception to December 2022 for observational studies regarding sarcopenia in liver transplant and mortality. We calculated the risk of mortality in sarcopenia vs. no sarcopenia using the most adjusted estimate available and summarizing the data as risk ratios (RRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A random-effect model was considered for all analyses. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Among 1135 studies initially considered, 33 articles were included for a total of 12,137 patients (mean age: 55.3 years; 39.4% females). Over a median of 2.6 years and after adjusting for a median of 3 covariates, sarcopenia increased the risk of mortality approximately 2-fold (RR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.70-2.36). After accounting for publication bias, the re-calculated RR was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.49-2.06). The quality of the studies was generally low, as determined by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia was significantly linked with an increased risk of mortality in patients listed, evaluated, and undergoing a liver transplantation, indicating the need of interventional studies in this special population with the main aim to reverse this potential reversible condition and decrease mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Society of Meta-research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK
| | - Marco Affronti
- Unit of Internal Medicine, AOU Paolo Giaccone Polyclinic, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Testa
- Department of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Ungar
- Department of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cereda
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, IRCCS San Matteo Polyclinic Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Pegreffi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy -
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Fan M, Niu T, Lin B, Gao F, Tan B, Du X. Prognostic value of preoperative serum ferritin in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization. Mol Clin Oncol 2024; 20:22. [PMID: 38357673 PMCID: PMC10865076 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2024.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the prognostic impact of preoperative serum ferritin (SF) levels on the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Clinicopathological characteristics and laboratory biomarkers of 223 patients with HCC who underwent TACE were retrospectively reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival (OS), and the log-rank test was used to evaluate statistical significance. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the prognostic impact of SF in these patients. The present findings identified extrahepatic metastases [hazard ratio (HR)=0.490,95%; confidence interval (CI)=0.282-0.843; P=0.010)] and vascular invasion (HR=0.373; 95% CI=0.225-0.619; P<0.0001) as independent prognostic factors for OS. However, preoperative SF levels could not independently predict OS when compared with other prognostic factors (HR=0.810; 95% CI=0.539-1.216; P=0.309). In conclusion, preoperative SF level is an unreliable biochemical predictor of survival in patients with HCC undergoing TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Fan
- Departmant of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Niu
- Departmant of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Binwei Lin
- Departmant of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Departmant of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Bangxian Tan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Du
- Departmant of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
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Liu JP, Song SH, Shi PM, Qin XY, Zheng BN, Liu SQ, Ding CH, Zhang X, Xie WF, Shi YH, Xu WP. miR-541 is associated with the prognosis of liver cirrhosis and directly targets JAG2 to inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38395762 PMCID: PMC10893617 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) has been emphasized as a leading event of the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis, while the exact mechanism of its activation is largely unknown. Furthermore, the novel non-invasive predictors of prognosis in cirrhotic patients warrant more exploration. miR-541 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma and a regulator of fibrotic disease, such as lung fibrosis and renal fibrosis. However, its role in liver cirrhosis has not been reported. METHODS Real-time PCR was used to detect miR-541 expression in the liver tissues and sera of liver cirrhosis patients and in the human LX-2. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-541 on the activation of LX-2. Bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase reporter assay were conducted to investigate the target gene of miR-541. RESULTS miR-541 was downregulated in the tissues and sera of patients with liver cirrhosis, which was exacerbated by deteriorating disease severity. Importantly, the lower expression of miR-541 was associated with more episodes of complications including ascites and hepatic encephalopathy, a shorter overall lifespan, and decompensation-free survival. Moreover, multivariate Cox's regression analysis verified lower serum miR-541 as an independent risk factor for liver-related death in cirrhotic patients (HR = 0.394; 95% CI: 0.164-0.947; P = 0.037). miR-541 was also decreased in LX-2 cells activated by TGF-β and the overexpression of miR-541 inhibited the proliferation, activation and hydroxyproline secretion of LX-2 cells. JAG2 is an important ligand of Notch signaling and was identified as a direct target gene of miR-541. The expression of JAG2 was upregulated in the liver tissues of cirrhotic patients and was inversely correlated with miR-541 levels. A rescue assay further confirmed that JAG2 was involved in the function of miR-541 when regulating LX-2 activation and Notch signaling. CONCLUSIONS Dysregulation of miR-541/JAG2 axis might be a as a new mechanism of liver fibrosis, and miR-541 could serve as a novel non-invasive biomarker and therapeutic targets for liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Pei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, 219 Miaopu Road, 200135, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Hua Song
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Mei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, 219 Miaopu Road, 200135, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai-Nan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Qing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Hong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi-Hai Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, 219 Miaopu Road, 200135, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen-Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003, Shanghai, China.
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Kim Y, Kim SR, Kim K, Yu SJ. Demographic, clinical and psychological predictors of malnutrition among people with liver cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 68:102497. [PMID: 38199088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the nutritional status and examine the demographic, clinical, nutritional, and psychosocial characteristics associated with malnutrition among people with liver cancer. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 162 liver cancer outpatients at a tertiary university hospital. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Self-administered structured questionnaires were administered, and medical records were reviewed for demographic, clinical, nutritional, and psychosocial characteristics. RESULTS Based on PG-SGA scores, 27 patients (16.7%) were classified into the malnutrition group. The stages of liver cancer, chemotherapy, physical and psychological symptom distress, global distress index, levels of alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists, body mass index, appetite, hemoglobin and albumin levels, and depression were statistically significantly associated with malnutrition. Logistic regression model revealed that physical symptom distress, liver cancer stage, depression, and body mass index influenced statistically significantly malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS In this study, clinical, nutritional, and psychosocial characteristics predicted malnutrition among people with liver cancer. Nurses should consider these characteristics when evaluating the nutritional status of people with liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kim
- Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Reul Kim
- College of Nursing, Institute of Nursing Research, Korea University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyounghae Kim
- College of Nursing, Institute of Nursing Research, and Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Mazumder NR, Fontana RJ. MELD 3.0 in Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. Annu Rev Med 2024; 75:233-245. [PMID: 37751367 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-051322-122539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The MELD (model for end-stage liver disease) 3.0 score was developed to replace the MELD-Na score that is currently used to prioritize liver allocation for cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation in the United States. The MELD 3.0 calculator includes new inputs from patient sex and serum albumin levels and has new weights for serum sodium, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and creatinine levels. It is expected that use of MELD 3.0 scores will reduce overall waitlist mortality modestly and improve access for female liver transplant candidates. The utility of MELD 3.0 and PELDcre (pediatric end-stage liver disease, creatinine) scores for risk stratification in cirrhotic patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and other interventions requires further study. This article reviews the background of the MELD score and the rationale to create MELD 3.0 as well as potential implications of using this newer risk stratification tool in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhilesh R Mazumder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; ,
- Gastroenterology Section, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert J Fontana
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; ,
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21
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Mathew C, Patel A, Cholankeril G, Flores A, Hernaez R. Using noninvasive clinical parameters to predict mortality and morbidity after cardiac interventions in patients with cirrhosis: A systematic review. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:14-22. [PMID: 37988070 PMCID: PMC10852145 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_263_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease commonly affects advanced liver disease patients. They undergo cardiac interventions to improve cardiac outcomes. Cirrhosis increases complication risk, including bleeding, renal and respiratory failure, and further decompensation, including death, posing a clinical dilemma to proceduralists. Predicting outcomes is crucial in managing patients with cirrhosis. Our aim was to systematically review clinical parameters to assess the mortality and complication risk in patients with cirrhosis undergoing cardiac interventions. METHODS We searched cirrhosis and cardiovascular intervention terminology in PubMed and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) from inception to January 8, 2023. We included studies reporting clinical scores (e.g. Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD), Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT), cardiovascular interventions, mortality, and morbidity outcomes). We independently abstracted data from eligible studies and performed qualitative summaries. RESULTS Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Procedures included tricuspid valve surgery, catheterization-related procedures, aortic valve replacement (AVR), pericardiectomy, and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement. MELD primarily predicted mortality (n = 4), followed by CPT (n = 2). Mortality is significantly increased for MELD > 15 after tricuspid valve surgery. Albumin, creatinine, and MELD were significantly associated with increased mortality after transcatheter AVR (TAVR), although specific values lacked stratification. CPT was significantly associated with increased mortality after cardiac catheterization or pericardiectomy. In LVAD placement, increasing MELD increased the unadjusted odds for perioperative mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review showed that clinical parameters predict mortality and morbidity risk in patients with cirrhosis undergoing cardiac procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo Mathew
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ankur Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - George Cholankeril
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Avegail Flores
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ruben Hernaez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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22
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Song X, Romeiro FG, Wang J, Yin Y, Philips CA, Yang X, Liu X, Wu W, Bernardinelli MVT, Santos de Souza R, Theruvath AH, Lin S, Qi X. Development and validation of modified Liaoning score for predicting the prognosis of liver cirrhosis: a retrospective, international multicenter, observational study. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:121-128. [PMID: 38362663 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2024.2320238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liaoning score has been developed and validated to predict the risk of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis. This study aimed to further modify the Liaoning score by combining clinical and laboratory parameters to predict the long-term outcome of cirrhotic patients. METHODS First, 474 cirrhotic patients were retrospectively enrolled from Shenyang, China as the training cohort. Independent predictors for death were identified by competing risk analyses, and then a new prognostic model, called as modified Liaoning score, was developed. Its performance was externally validated at three centers from Fuzhou, China (n = 1944), Jinan, China (n = 485), and São Paulo, Brazil (n = 221). RESULTS Age, total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), serum creatinine (SCr), and Liaoning score were independently associated with death in the training cohort. Modified Liaoning score = 0.159×Liaoning score + 0.010×TBIL(µmol/L)+0.029×age(years)+0.011×SCr(µmol/L)-0.037×ALB(g/L). The area under curve of modified Liaoning score was 0.714 (95%CI = 0.655-0.773), which was higher than that of Child-Pugh score (0.707, 95%CI = 0.645-0.770), MELD score (0.687, 95%CI = 0.623-0.751), and Liaoning score (0.583, 95%CI = 0.513-0.654). A modified Liaoning score of ≥ 1.296 suggested a higher cumulative incidence of death in liver cirrhosis (p < 0.001). Modified Liaoning score still had the highest prognostic performance in Chinese and Brazilian validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Modified Liaoning score can be considered for predicting the long-term outcome of cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Song
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University), Shenyang, China
| | - Fernando Gomes Romeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 960th Hospital of the PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University), Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cyriac Abby Philips
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, Kerala, India
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 960th Hospital of the PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Wenming Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 960th Hospital of the PLA, Jinan, China
| | | | - Roger Santos de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arif Hussain Theruvath
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, Kerala, India
| | - Su Lin
- Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University), Shenyang, China
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23
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Koc ÖM, Aslan D, Kramer M, Verbeek J, Van Malenstein H, van der Merwe S, Monbaliu D, Vos R, Verleden GM, Pirenne J, Nevens F. Outcomes of liver transplantation for hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with concomitant respiratory disease. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15171. [PMID: 37897208 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Concomitant respiratory disease is a common finding in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). Among patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) for HPS, we compared characteristics and outcome of patients with versus without concomitant respiratory disease. METHODS This single center retrospective observational study included patients with HPS who underwent LT between 1999 and 2020. RESULTS During the study period, 32 patients with HPS received a LT; nine (28%) with concomitant respiratory disease of whom one required a combined lung-liver transplantation. Patients with concomitant respiratory disease had higher PaCO2 (38 vs. 33 mm Hg, p = .031). The 30-day postoperative mortality was comparable, but the estimated cumulative probability of resolution of oxygen therapy after LT in HPS patients with versus those without concomitant respiratory disease was lower: 63% versus 91% at 12 months and 63% versus 100% at 18 months (HR 95% CI .140-.995, p = .040). In addition to the presence of concomitant respiratory disease (p = .040), history of smoking (p = .012), and high baseline 99mTcMAA shunt fraction (≥20%) (p = .050) were significantly associated with persistent need of oxygen therapy. The 5-year estimated cumulative probability of mortality in patients with concomitant respiratory disease was worse: 50% versus 23% (HR 95% CI .416-6.867, p = .463). CONCLUSIONS The presence of a concomitant respiratory disease did not increase the short-term postoperative mortality after LT in patients with HPS. However, it resulted in a longer need for oxygen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür M Koc
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Devrim Aslan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthijs Kramer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannah Van Malenstein
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Schalk van der Merwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of Abdominal Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert M Verleden
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Pirenne
- Department of Abdominal Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Badheeb AM, Al Sedran MK, Ahmed F, Al Sidran IK, Al Qurayshah MH, Abu Bakar A, Obied HY, Seada IA, Aman A, Badheeb M. Clinical Characteristics and Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insights from Single-Centre Experience in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e52608. [PMID: 38374854 PMCID: PMC10875600 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the most common primary liver malignancy, with a high fatality rate. Relatively, Saudi Arabia has a high incidence of HCC, which is detected in later stages with a poor prognosis. This study aims to investigate the patterns, outcomes, and mortality predictors of HCC in Saudi Arabia. Method A retrospective study from April 2018 to June 2022 included patients with HCC who were diagnosed and managed at the Najran Oncology Center, Saudi Arabia. Through our cancer registry, the patients' clinical, laboratory, radiological, and survival profiles were extracted and analyzed to assess factors associated with mortality using a univariate analysis. The overall survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The study involved 52 patients with an average age of 74.6 years, predominantly male (the male-to-female ratio is 2.25:1). Viral infections were the primary cause of liver disease in 40.3% (n=21) of patients. At diagnosis, the Child-Pugh class distribution included 23.1% (n=12) patients in class A, 36.5% (n=19) patients in class B, and 40.4% (n=21) patients in class C. Uninodular tumors with ≤50% liver extension were observed in 65.4% (n=34) of cases, and 30.8% (n=16) had portal vein thrombosis. Elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were noted in 48.1% (n=25) of patients, with 23.1% (n=12) exceeding 400 ng/mL. Curative resection was performed in 32.7% (n=17) of patients. The mean survival time was 23±11.8 months (median of 22.5 months, minimum of six, and maximum of 49 months). Relapse occurred in seven (13.5%) cases, while new metastasis occurred in 20 (38.5%) cases. During the study period, 26 (50.0%) patients died. The main cause of death was disease progression in 15 (28.8%) patients. Univariate analysis showed that AFP>400 ng/mL (OR: 4.68; 95% CI: 1.87-11.66, p=0.001), presence of relapse (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.03-0.78, p=0.023), abdominal ascites (OR: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.25-9.14, p=0.016), advanced the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.41-0.88, p=0.009) were associated with higher mortality rate and were statistically significant. Conclusion Most cases of HCC in our patients were attributed to viral hepatitis, with the majority having liver cirrhosis. Higher AFP (>400 ng/mL), relapse, abdominal ascites, and a higher cancer CLIP score were associated with poorer outcomes. Targeted screening and health education should be advocated; in addition, social determinants should be proactively addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Badheeb
- Oncology, King Khalid Hospital, Oncology Center, Najran, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Islam A Seada
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, SAU
| | - Abdelaziz Aman
- Internal Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Nagran, SAU
| | - Mohamed Badheeb
- Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, USA
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25
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Yuksek A, Acehan S, Satar S, Gulen M, Balcik M, Sevdimbas S, Ince C, Koca AN, Tas A. Predictors of 30-day mortality in patients diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy on admission to the emergency department. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:1402-1409. [PMID: 37695624 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to compare the laboratory findings and disease severity scores of patients diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in the emergency department (ED) to predict 30-day mortality. METHOD The patients over 18 years old and diagnosed HE in the ED of a tertiary hospital were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, predisposing causes and outcomes of the patients included in the study were recorded in the data form. Severity of liver disease was assessed by Child Pugh Score (CPS), End-stage liver disease model (MELD), MELD-Na and MELD-Lactate scores. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-four patients diagnosed with HE were included in the study. 59.1% of the patients were male. The mean age of the patients was 65.2 ± 12.6 years. The mortality rate of the patients was 47.2%. When the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, which determines the predictive properties of laboratory parameters and disease severity scores, was examined, the area under curve value of the MELD-Lactate score (0.858 95% CI 0.812-0.904, P < 0.001) was the highest. Binary logistic regression analysis for the estimation of patients' 30-day mortality showed that CPS and MELD-Lactate scores and blood ammonia and B-type natriuretic peptide levels were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION According to the study data, MELD-Lactate and BNP levels in patients diagnosed with HE in the ED may help the clinician in the prediction of 30-day mortality in the early period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yuksek
- Hatay City Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Hatay
| | - Selen Acehan
- Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Adana
| | - Salim Satar
- Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Adana
| | - Muge Gulen
- Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Adana
| | - Muhammet Balcik
- Ministry of Health Kahramanmaras Necip Fazil City Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kahramanmaraş
| | - Sarper Sevdimbas
- Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Adana
| | - Cagdas Ince
- Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Adana
| | - Ahmet Naci Koca
- Ministry of Health Samandag Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hatay
| | - Adnan Tas
- Medipark Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Adana, Turkey
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26
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Yao J, Xu X, Gong K, Tu H, Xu Z, Ye S, Yu X, Lan Y, Weng H, Shi Y. Prognostic value of neutrophil count to albumin ratio in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20759. [PMID: 38007536 PMCID: PMC10676395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of neutrophil count to albumin ratio (NAR) in predicting short-term mortality of patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC). A total of 623 DC patients were recruited from a retrospective observational cohort study. They were admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015. NAR of each patient was calculated and analyzed for the association with 90-day liver transplantation-free (LT-free) outcome. The performance of NAR and the integrated model were tested by a receiver-operator curve (ROC) and C-index. The 90-day LT-free mortality of patients with DC was 10.6%. NAR was significantly higher in 90-day non-survivors than in survivors (The median: 1.73 vs 0.76, P < 0.001). A threshold of 1.40 of NAR differentiated patients with a high risk of death (27.45%) from those with a low risk (5.11%). By multivariate analysis, high NAR was independently associated with poor short-term prognosis (high group: 5.07 (2.78, 9.22)). NAR alone had an area under the ROC curve of 0.794 and C-index of 0.7789 (0.7287, 0.8291) in predicting 90-day mortality. The integrated MELD-NAR (iMELD) model had a higher area under the ROC (0.872) and C-index (0.8558 (0.8122, 0.8994)) than the original MELD in predicting 90-day mortality. NAR can be used as an independent predictor of poor outcomes for patients with DC during short-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xianbin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Kai Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Huilan Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhaoyu Xu
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 132000, Jilin, China
| | - Shaoheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xia Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yan Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Haoda Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Mynster Kronborg T, Webel H, O'Connell MB, Danielsen KV, Hobolth L, Møller S, Jensen RT, Bendtsen F, Hansen T, Rasmussen S, Juel HB, Kimer N. Markers of inflammation predict survival in newly diagnosed cirrhosis: a prospective registry study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20039. [PMID: 37973887 PMCID: PMC10654496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory activity in cirrhosis is often pronounced and related to episodes of decompensation. Systemic markers of inflammation may contain prognostic information, and we investigated their possible correlation with admissions and mortality among patients with newly diagnosed liver cirrhosis. We collected plasma samples from 149 patients with newly diagnosed (within the past 6 months) cirrhosis, and registered deaths and hospital admissions within 180 days. Ninety-two inflammatory markers were quantified and correlated with clinical variables, mortality, and admissions. Prediction models were calculated by logistic regression. We compared the disease courses of our cohort with a validation cohort of 86 patients with cirrhosis. Twenty of 92 markers of inflammation correlated significantly with mortality within 180 days (q-values of 0.00-0.044), whereas we found no significant correlations with liver-related admissions. The logistic regression models yielded AUROCs of 0.73 to 0.79 for mortality and 0.61 to 0.73 for liver-related admissions, based on a variety of modalities (clinical variables, inflammatory markers, clinical scores, or combinations thereof). The models performed moderately well in the validation cohort and were better able to predict mortality than liver-related admissions. In conclusion, markers of inflammation can be used to predict 180-day mortality in patients with newly diagnosed cirrhosis. Prediction models for newly diagnosed cirrhotic patients need further validation before implementation in clinical practice.Trial registration: NCT04422223 (and NCT03443934 for the validation cohort), and Scientific Ethics Committee No.: H-19024348.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Webel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lise Hobolth
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Søren Møller
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Tanderup Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Bendtsen
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Helene Bæk Juel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Kimer
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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DÖNMEZ İ, CAN G, ACAR E. The right ventricle outflow tract systolic function could predict the severity of the cirrhosis. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 54:239-248. [PMID: 38812635 PMCID: PMC11031158 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The distinctive liver framework is converted into structurally abnormal nodules as a consequence of tissue fibrosis in cirrhosis. Cardiac dysfunction in cirrhosis was described, and the term "cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM)" was coined to describe this syndrome. Recent research has shown that the contractile characteristics of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) have a significant impact on right ventricular functions. The right ventricular outflow tract-systolic excursion is an important systolic function marker of RVOT (RVOT-SE). There has yet to be published research on RVOT function in cirrhotic patients. We looked at the relationship between cirrhosis severity and the RVOT-SE. Materials and methods Sixty-nine consecutive hepatic cirrhotic patients were recruited for the research between June 1, 2018 and January 1, 2022. A medical history, thorough physical examination, laboratory investigations, echocardiographic evaluation, and RVOT-SE were obtained. The patients were separated into two groups: those with compensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class 1) and those with decompensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class 2 and 3). Results On the numerous standard echocardiographic parameters that examined the diameter and function of the left ventricle, we observed no significant difference between groups. Nevertheless, a statistically significant difference in Right Ventricle Wall (RVW) (p = 0.014), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) (p = 0.034), RVOT-SE (p = 0.003), and Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) (p = 0.042) was detected across cirrhosis groups. The RVOT-SE had a positive correlation with cirrhosis severity (OR: 0.607; 95% CI: 0.425-0.866; p = 0.006), according to multiple logistic regression studies. According to the ROC curve study, RVOT-SE 8.8 cm/s predicted decompensated cirrhosis with 72% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity (AUC = 0.715, p: 0.001). Conclusion In the current study, we found that RVOT-SE was related to the severity of cirrhosis. Larger patient cohorts and multi-center investigations will provide light on the notion.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim DÖNMEZ
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu,
Turkiye
| | - Güray CAN
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu,
Turkiye
| | - Emrah ACAR
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu,
Turkiye
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Phonlakrai M, Ramadan S, Simpson J, Skehan K, Goodwin J, Trada Y, Martin J, Sridharan S, Gan LT, Siddique SH, Greer P. Non-contrast based approach for liver function quantification using Bayesian-based intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging: A pilot study. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2023; 24:e14178. [PMID: 37819022 PMCID: PMC10647975 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Liver cirrhosis disrupts liver function and tissue perfusion, detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Assessing liver function at the voxel level with 13-b value intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) could aid in radiation therapy liver-sparing treatment for patients with early impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of IVIM-DWI for liver function assessment and correlate it with other multiparametric (mp) MRI methods at the voxel level. METHOD This study investigates the variability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from 13-b value IVIM-DWI and B1-corrected dual flip angle (DFA) T1 mapping. Experiments were conducted in-vitro with QIBA and NIST phantoms and in 10 healthy volunteers for IVIM-DWI. Additionally, 12 patients underwent an mp-MRI examination. The imaging protocol included a 13-b value IVIM-DWI sequence for generating IVIM parametric maps. B1-corrected DFA T1 pulse sequence was used for generating T1 maps, and Gadoxatate low temporal resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced (LTR-DCE) MRI was used for generating the Hepatic extraction fraction (HEF) map. The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare IVIM-DWI parameters (Pure Diffusion, Dslow ; Pseudo diffusion, Dfast ; and Perfusion Fraction, Fp ) between the healthy volunteer and patient groups. Furthermore, in the patient group, statistical correlations were assessed at a voxel level between LTR-DCE MRI-derived HEF, T1 post-Gadoxetate administration, ΔT1%, and various IVIM parameters using Pearson correlation. RESULTS For-vitro measurements, the maximum coefficient of variation of the ADC and T1 parameters was 12.4% and 16.1%, respectively. The results also showed that Fp and Dfast were able to distinguish between healthy liver function and mild liver function impairment at the global level, with p = 0.002 for Fp and p < 0.001 for Dfast . Within the patient group, these parameters also exhibited a moderate correlation with HEF at the voxel level. CONCLUSION Overall, the study highlighted the potential of Dfast and Fp for detecting liver function impairment at both global and pixel levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monchai Phonlakrai
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Radiological TechnologyFaculty of Health Science TechnologyChulabhorn Royal AcademyBangkokThailand
| | - Saadallah Ramadan
- HMRI Imaging CentreHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
- College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - John Simpson
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Information and Physical Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Kate Skehan
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Jonathan Goodwin
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Information and Physical Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Yuvnik Trada
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jarad Martin
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Swetha Sridharan
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Lay Theng Gan
- The Gastroenterology Department at John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | | | - Peter Greer
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Information and Physical Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
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Šimić S, Svaguša T, Grgurević I, Mustapić S, Žarak M, Prkačin I. Markers of cardiac injury in patients with liver cirrhosis. Croat Med J 2023; 64:362-373. [PMID: 37927191 PMCID: PMC10668036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is an increasing public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, a frequently underdiagnosed condition, is becoming a growing health problem. In the last 20 years, cardioselective biomarkers have been investigated for their diagnostic and prognostic properties for numerous conditions. The aim of this article is to review the literature on the relationship between the most commonly used cardioselective biomarkers (cardiac troponins I and T, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and heart-type fatty-acid binding protein) and the presence, functional stage, and clinical outcomes of liver cirrhosis. Elevated plasma levels of these biomarkers have been reported in patients with liver cirrhosis, and there is mounting evidence on their predictive value for clinical outcomes in this disease. In addition, elevated plasma levels of these biomarkers have been reported in patients before, during, and after liver transplantation, but in fewer studies. Due to their predictive value for clinical outcomes, we advocate the use of these markers in patients with liver cirrhosis and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, as well as in candidates for liver transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomo Svaguša
- Tomo Svaguša, Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Dubrava University Hospital, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia,
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Gräfe C, Paal M, Winkels M, Irlbeck M, Liebchen U, Scharf C. Correlation between Bilirubin Elimination with the Cytokine Adsorber CytoSorb® and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Hyperbilirubinemia. Blood Purif 2023; 52:849-856. [PMID: 37820591 DOI: 10.1159/000532059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperbilirubinemia is often the first evidence for any kind of liver disorder and over one-third of all patients in intensive care units (ICU) show elevated bilirubin concentrations. In critically ill patients, high concentrations of serum bilirubin are correlated with a poor outcome. Therapies to lower bilirubin concentrations are often just symptomatically and their effect on the patients' outcome is hardly evaluated. Therefore, this study investigates whether the extracorporeal elimination of bilirubin with the cytokine adsorber CytoSorb® (CS) reduces mortality in patients with hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS Patients with bilirubin concentrations >10 mg/dL at the ICU were screened for evaluation from 2018 to 2020. Patients with kidney replacement therapy and older than 18 years were included. Patients with continuously decreasing bilirubin concentrations after liver transplantation or other liver support systems (i.e., Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System [MARS®], Advanced Organ Support [ADVOS]) were excluded. CS therapy was used in clinical routine and was indicated by the treating physicians. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS statistics utilizing a multivariate model. Primary outcome measure was the effect of CS on the 30-day mortality. RESULTS Data from 82 patients (mean Simplified Acute Physiology Score [SAPS] II: 74 points, mean bilirubin: 18 mg/dL, mean lactate: 3.7 mmol/L) were analyzed. There were no significant differences in patients with and without CS treatment. The multivariate model showed no significant effect of CS therapy (p = 0.402) on the 30-day mortality. In addition, a significant effect of bilirubin concentration (p = 0.274) or Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score (p = 0.928) on the 30-day mortality could not be shown. In contrast, lactate concentration (p = 0.001, b = 0.044) and SAPS II (p = 0.025, b = 0.008) had significant impact on 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION The use of CS in patients with hyperbilirubinemia did not result in a significant reduction in 30-day mortality. Randomized and controlled studies with mortality as primary outcome measure are needed in the future to justify their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gräfe
- Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Paal
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, LMU Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Winkels
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, LMU Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Liebchen
- Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Gradel KO. Interpretations of the Role of Plasma Albumin in Prognostic Indices: A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6132. [PMID: 37834777 PMCID: PMC10573484 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review assesses how publications interpret factors that influence the serum or plasma albumin (PA) level in prognostic indices, focusing on inflammation and nutrition. On PubMed, a search for "albumin AND prognosis" yielded 23,919 results. From these records, prognostic indices were retrieved, and their names were used as search strings on PubMed. Indices found in 10 or more original research articles were included. The same search strings, restricted to "Review" or "Systematic review", retrieved yielded on the indices. The data comprised the 10 latest original research articles and up to 10 of the latest reviews. Thirty indices had 294 original research articles (6 covering two indices) and 131 reviews, most of which were from recent years. A total of 106 articles related the PA level to inflammation, and 136 related the PA level to nutrition. For the reviews, the equivalent numbers were 54 and 65. In conclusion, more publications mention the PA level as a marker of nutrition rather than inflammation. This is in contrast to several general reviews on albumin and nutritional guidelines, which state that the PA level is a marker of inflammation but not nutrition. Hypoalbuminemia should prompt clinicians to focus on the inflammatory aspects in their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Oren Gradel
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; ; Tel.: +45-21-15-80-85
- Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Zamani F, Karimi H, Mansoorian M, Basi A, Hosseini SA, Zahed Z, Seyedghasemipour N, Sahraie R. Early occurrence of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4/M5) after liver transplantation: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:398. [PMID: 37667403 PMCID: PMC10478306 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia is a rare event in post-liver-transplantation recipients. In the present report, we described a case of extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia, M4/M5 subtype, following orthotopic liver transplant. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was a 50-year-old Iranian woman who underwent orthotopic liver transplant due to hepatitis B-related cirrhosis (Child C, MELD (model for end-stage liver disease score) = 22). Orthotopic liver transplant was performed using the piggy back technique in January 2022. Induction immunosuppressive therapy was 1 gm methylprednisolone for 3 days followed by a triple maintenance immunosuppressive regimen including mycophenolate mofetil, prednisolone, and tacrolimus. About 5 months after orthotopic liver transplant in June 2022, the patient presented with leukocytosis, with white blood cell count of 99.4 × 103/µl, and physical examination revealed only cervical lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of cervical lymph nodes showed a myeloid tumor. She was immediately hospitalized. Eight hours after hospitalization, the patient gradually developed lethargy and decreased O2 saturation to approximately 89%. Flow cytometry demonstrated the markers of a myelomonocytic acute myeloid leukemia (M4/M5). Cytoreduction was immediately started by intensive leukopheresis followed by induction therapy. Because of a septic complication during the induction therapy, further chemotherapy was discontinued and broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungal treatments started. Unfortunately, our patient died of severe septic shock 42 days after hospitalization. CONCLUSION Acute myeloid leukemia is a rare phenomenon after liver transplantation, and it can follow a rapidly fatal clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanie Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsenreza Mansoorian
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Basi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Ahmad Hosseini
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zahed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Roghayeh Sahraie
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dawit L, Lee V, Lehoang D, Furey C, Chowdhury A, Mai TA, Angajala V, Park JH, Khadarian K, She R, Vergara-Lluri M, Kahn J, Dodge JL, Saito T. Clinical Significance of Ascitic Fluid Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Percentage in Patients With Cirrhosis Without Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2023; 14:e00614. [PMID: 37436155 PMCID: PMC10522094 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Absolute polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) count (PMN-C) ≥250 cells/mm 3 in ascites is the diagnostic hallmark of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, the clinical significance of ascitic PMN percentage (PMN-%) and PMN-C in the absence of SBP as additional biomarkers for mortality and future incidence of SBP has not been determined. METHODS This retrospective cohort included adults with cirrhosis undergoing first-recorded paracentesis with initial PMN-C < 250 cells/mm 3 at 2 tertiary medical centers between 2015 and 2020. Patients with prior SBP were excluded. Outcomes were death and SBP development. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of death and SBP development and Akaike information criterion to compare model fit. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-four adults (73% male, median age 58 years, 67% with alcohol-associated cirrhosis, median PMN-C 14 cells/mm 3 [interquartile range 5-34], and median PMN-% 10% [interquartile range 4-20]) were included in this study. Univariate risk of death increased 10% per 25-unit increase in PMN-C (95% confidence interval 1.01-1.21, P = 0.03) and 19% per 10-unit increase in PMN-% (95% confidence interval 1.06-1.33, P = 0.003) with PMN-% demonstrating better model fit in assessing mortality risk (Akaike information criterion: 1,044 vs 1,048, respectively). In models adjusted for age, chronic hepatitis C virus infection, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium, PMN-% was associated with risk of death (PMN-% 10%-29%, HR 1.17, P = 0.50; PMN-% ≥ 30% group, HR 1.94, P = 0.03; vs PMN-% < 10%) and SBP development (PMN-% 10%-29%, HR 1.68, P = 0.07; PMN-% ≥ 30%, HR 3.48, P < 0.001; vs PMN-% < 10%). DISCUSSION Our results suggest PMN-% at first paracentesis represents a better biomarker compared with PMN-C for assessing risk of death and future SBP development in patients with PMN-C < 250 cells/mm 3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Dawit
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vivian Lee
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Lehoang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cameron Furey
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aneesa Chowdhury
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thu Anne Mai
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Varun Angajala
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joo Hye Park
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevork Khadarian
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rosemary She
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maria Vergara-Lluri
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kahn
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Dodge
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Marot A, Henrion J, Knebel JF, Trépo E, Moreno C, Deltenre P. A model for individualized prediction of liver-related death in outpatients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0229. [PMID: 37655969 PMCID: PMC10476762 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In alcohol-associated cirrhosis, an accurate estimate of the risk of death is essential for patient care. We developed individualized prediction charts for 5-year liver-related mortality among outpatients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis that take into account the impact of abstinence. METHODS We collected data on outpatients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis in a prospective registry. The model was derived, internally and externally validated, and compared with the Child-Pugh and the Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores. RESULTS A total of 527 and 127 patients were included in the derivation and validation data sets, respectively. A model was developed based on the 3 variables independently associated with liver-related mortality in multivariate analyses (age, Child-Pugh score, and abstinence). In the derivation data set, the model combining age, Child-Pugh score, and abstinence outperformed the Child-Pugh and the MELD scores. In the validation data set, the Brier score was lower for the model (0.166) compared with the Child-Pugh score (0.196, p = 0.008) and numerically lower compared with the MELD score (0.190) (p = 0.06). The model had the greatest AUC (0.77; 95% CI 0.68-0.85) compared with the Child-Pugh score (AUC = 0.66; 95% CI 0.56-0.76, p = 0.01) and was numerically higher than that of the MELD score (AUC = 0.66; 95% CI 0.56-0.78, p = 0.06). Also, the Akaike and Bayesian information criterion scores were lower for the model (2163; 2172) compared with the Child-Pugh (2213; 2216) or the MELD score (2205; 2208). CONCLUSION A model combining age, Child-Pugh score, and abstinence accurately predicts liver-related death at 5 years among outpatients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis. In this study, the model outperformed the Child-Pugh and the MELD scores, although the AUC and the Brier score of the model were not statically different from the MELD score in the validation data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Marot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHU UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Jean Henrion
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hôpital de Jolimont, Haine-Saint-Paul, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Knebel
- Division of Radiology, Centre d’Imagerie Biomédicale (CIBM), Hôpital Nestlé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Trépo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Deltenre
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHU UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinique St Luc, Bouge, Belgium
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Johnson DY, Ahn D, Lazenby K, Zeng S, Zhang K, Narang N, Khush K, Parker WF. Association of high-priority exceptions with waitlist mortality among heart transplant candidates. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:1175-1182. [PMID: 37225029 PMCID: PMC10524782 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US heart allocation system ranks candidates using six categorical status levels. Transplant programs can request exceptions to increase a candidate's status level if they believe their candidate has the same medical urgency as candidates who meet the standard criteria for that level. We aimed to determine if exception candidates have the same medical urgency as standard candidates. METHODS Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we constructed a longitudinal waitlist history dataset of adult heart-only transplant candidates listed between October 18, 2018 and December 1, 2021. We estimated the association between exceptions and waitlist mortality with a mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards model that treated status and exceptions as time-dependent covariates. RESULTS Out of 12,458 candidates listed during the study period, 2273 (18.2%) received an exception at listing and 1957 (15.7%) received an exception after listing. After controlling for status, exception candidates had approximately half the risk of waitlist mortality as standard candidates (hazard ratio [HR] 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.41, 0.73], p < .001). Exceptions were associated with a 51% lower risk of waitlist mortality among Status 1 candidates (HR 0.49, 95% CI [0.27, 0.91], p = .023) and a 61% lower risk among Status 2 candidates (HR 0.39, 95% CI [0.24, 0.62], p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Under the new heart allocation policy, exception candidates had significantly lower waitlist mortality than standard candidates, including exceptions for the highest priority statuses. These results suggest that candidates with exceptions, on average, have a lower level of medical urgency than candidates who meet standard criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Johnson
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kevin Lazenby
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sharon Zeng
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nikhil Narang
- Advocate Heart Institute, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kiran Khush
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - William F Parker
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Guo X, Xu S, Ma S, Chen J, Qi X. Association of C-type lectin-like receptor 2 and galectin-1 with portal vein system thrombosis in HBV-related liver cirrhosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1228636. [PMID: 37720512 PMCID: PMC10501130 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1228636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis. Portal venous system thrombosis (PVST) is a major complication of liver cirrhosis. Recently, it has been shown that C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) and galectin-1 participate in the activation and aggregation of platelets, thereby promoting the development of thrombosis. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the association of serum CLEC-2 and galectin-1 levels with PVST in patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis. Methods Overall, 65 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis were included, of whom 23 had PVST and 42 did not have. Serum CLEC-2 and galectin-1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. PVST was assessed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging scans. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the degree and location of PVST. Results Patients with PVST had significantly higher serum CLEC-2 (p = 0.006) and galectin-1 (p = 0.009) levels than those without. Patients with partial/complete PVST or fibrotic cord (p = 0.007; p = 0.002), but not those with mural PVST (p = 0.199; p = 0.797), had significantly higher serum CLEC-2 and galectin-1 levels than those without PVST. Patients with superior mesenteric vein thrombosis had significantly higher serum CLEC-2 (p = 0.013) and galectin-1 (p = 0.025) levels than those without PVST. Patients with main portal vein thrombosis had higher serum CLEC-2 (p = 0.020) and galectin-1 (p = 0.066) levels than those without PVST, but the difference in serum galectin-1 level was not significant between them. Conclusion Serum CLEC-2 and galectin-1 levels may be associated with the presence of PVST in HBV-related cirrhotic patients, but this association should be dependent upon the degree of PVST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Zhang
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People’s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaozhong Guo
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Shixue Xu
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaoze Ma
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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Igata S, Kono Y, Van Houten T, Hang CT, Cotter BR, Strachan MG, Morikawa N, DeMaria AN. Role of Quantitation of Saline Bubble Studies in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:1804-1810. [PMID: 37198087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microbubble contrast echocardiography with a late positive signal enables the detection of intrapulmonary vascular dilation, including hepatopulmonary syndrome, in patients with end-stage liver disease. We assessed the relationship between the severity of bubble study and clinical outcome. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 163 consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent an echocardiogram with bubble study from 2018 to 2021. Patients who were diagnosed with a late positive signal were divided into three groups: grade 1 (1-9 bubbles), grade 2 (10-30 bubbles) and grade 3 (>30 bubbles). RESULTS Fifty-six percent of the patients had a late positive bubble study (grade 1: 31%, grade 2: 23%, grade 3: 46%). Patients with grade 3 had a significantly higher international normalized ratio, model for end-stage liver disease score and Child-Pugh score and a lower peripheral oxygen saturation compared with patients with a negative study. In patients undergoing liver transplant (LT), survival rates were similar among the groups (3-mo: >87%, 1-y: >87%, 2-y: >83%). However, survival rate was lower in grade 3 patients without LT (3-mo: 81%, 1-y: 64%, 2-y: 39%). CONCLUSION Patients with grade 3 had much worse mortality without LT compared with other groups. However, after LT, all grades had equal survival. Therefore, patients with grade 3 may be considered as higher priority for LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiyo Igata
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center at UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Yuko Kono
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Van Houten
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center at UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Calvin T Hang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center at UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bruno R Cotter
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center at UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Monet G Strachan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center at UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nagisa Morikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Anthony N DeMaria
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center at UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USA
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Peng M, Bai Z, Zou D, Xu S, Wang C, Başaranoğlu M, Philips CA, Guo X, Shao X, Qi X. Timing of endoscopy in patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding: a single-center retrospective study. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:219. [PMID: 37365510 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal timing of endoscopy in liver cirrhosis with acute variceal bleeding (AVB) remains controversial in current guidelines and studies. METHODS Consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis and AVB were screened. The timing of endoscopy was calculated from the last presentation of AVB or the admission to endoscopy. Early endoscopy was defined as the interval < 12 h, < 24 h, or < 48 h. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed. Five-day failure to control bleeding and in-hospital mortality were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 534 patients were included. When the timing of endoscopy was calculated from the last presentation of AVB, PSM analysis demonstrated that the rate of 5-day failure to control bleeding was significantly higher in early endoscopy group defined as < 48 h (9.7% versus 2.4%, P = 0.009), but not < 12 h (8.7% versus 6.5%, P = 1.000) or < 24 h (13.4% versus 6.2%, P = 0.091), and that the in-hospital mortality was not significantly different between early and delayed endoscopy groups (< 12 h: 6.5% versus 4.3%, P = 1.000; <24 h: 4.1% versus 3.1%, P = 1.000; <48 h: 3.0% versus 2.4%, P = 1.000). When the timing of endoscopy was calculated from the admission, PSM analyses did not demonstrate any significant difference in the rate of 5-day failure to control bleeding (< 12 h: 4.8% versus 12.7%, P = 0.205; <24 h: 5.2% versus 7.7%, P = 0.355; <48 h: 4.5% versus 6.0%, P = 0.501) or in-hospital mortality (< 12 h: 4.8% versus 4.8%, P = 1.000; <24 h: 3.9% versus 2.6%, P = 0.750; <48 h: 2.0% versus 2.5%, P = 1.000) between early and delayed endoscopy groups. CONCLUSION Our study could not support any significant association of timing of endoscopy with cirrhotic patients with AVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110840, China
- Postgraduate College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110840, China
- Postgraduate College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Deli Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110840, China
| | - Shixue Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110840, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110840, China
| | - Metin Başaranoğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cyriac Abby Philips
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology & Monarch Liver Laboratory, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, Kerala, India
| | - Xiaozhong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110840, China
| | - Xiaodong Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110840, China.
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110840, China.
- Postgraduate College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China.
- Postgraduate College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.
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Chen Q, Zhong R, Wang Y, Kui Y, Wen X, Huang J, Jin Q. The Albumin-Bilirubin Score as a Predictor of Liver-Related Mortality in Primary Biliary Cholangitis with Compensated Cirrhosis. Dig Dis 2023; 41:946-956. [PMID: 37321186 DOI: 10.1159/000531557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several prognostic scores have been reported to correlate with the prognosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients, there are limited tools to predict the prognosis of PBC with compensated cirrhosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score in PBC patients with compensated cirrhosis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of 219 patients with compensated PBC cirrhosis to evaluate the prognostic performance of the ALBI using Cox regression model, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS During follow-up, a total of 19 subjects (8.7%) met the primary endpoint of liver-related death or liver transplantation (LT). Patients who died/underwent LT have higher ALBI score (-1.06 vs. -2.06, p < 0.001) at baseline than those who survived. ALBI score (hazard ratio: 15.011, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.045-44.665, p < 0.001) was associated with an increase in liver-related mortality or LT. ALBI score had the best discriminative capacity to predict the 5-year liver-related mortality (area under the ROC curve: 0.871, 95% CI [0.820, 0.913]) compared with other prognostic scores. The ROC curve showed that the best cut-off value of ALBI score was -1.47, with 90.0% sensitivity and 76.6% specificity. Also, the probability of transplant-free survival decreased with increasing ALBI grade (log-rank p = 0.003). The 5-year transplant-free survival rates of patients in grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 were 100.0%, 96.4%, and 89.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION ALBI score is a simple and effective predictive factor estimating the clinical outcome of patients with compensated PBC cirrhosis and provides better prognostic performance compared with other prognostic scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Chen
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiwen Kui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wen
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianjie Huang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinglong Jin
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Ooi H, Asai Y, Sato Y. Risk evaluation of ampicillin/sulbactam-induced liver injury based on albumin-bilirubin score. J Infect Chemother 2023:S1341-321X(23)00140-X. [PMID: 37301371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an adverse reaction caused by ampicillin/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT). The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score is an index of hepatic functional reserve. However, the relationship between ABPC/SBT-induced DILI and ALBI score remains unknown; therefore, we aimed to elucidate the risk of ABPC/SBT-induced DILI based on the ALBI score. METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective, case-control study using electronic medical records. A total of 380 patients were enrolled in the present study, and the primary outcome was ABPC/SBT-induced DILI. The ALBI score was calculated using serum albumin and total bilirubin levels. In addition, we performed COX regression analysis using age ≥75 years, dose ≥9 g/day, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥21 IU/L, and ALBI score ≥-2.00 as covariates. We also performed 1:1 propensity score matching between non-DILI and DILI groups. RESULTS The incidence of DILI was 9.5% (36/380). According to COX regression analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio for ABPC/SBT-induced DILI with an ALBI score ≥-2.00 was 2.55 (95% confidence interval: 1.256-5.191, P = 0.010), suggesting that patients with baseline ALBI score ≥-2.00 may be at high risk for ABPC/SBT-induced DILI. However, significant differences were not observed in cumulative risk for DILI between non-DILI and DILI patients regarding an ALBI score ≥-2.00 after propensity score matching (P = 0.146). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ALBI score may be a simple and potentially useful index for predicting ABPC/SBT-induced DILI. In patients with an ALBI score ≥-2.00, frequent liver function monitoring should be considered to prevent ABPC/SBT-induced DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayahide Ooi
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Mie Chuo Medical Center, 2158-5 Hisaimyojincho, Tsu, Mie, 514-1101, Japan.
| | - Yuki Asai
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Mie Chuo Medical Center, 2158-5 Hisaimyojincho, Tsu, Mie, 514-1101, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Sato
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Mie Chuo Medical Center, 2158-5 Hisaimyojincho, Tsu, Mie, 514-1101, Japan
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Kolben Y, Kenig A, Kessler A, Ishay Y, Weksler-Zangen S, Eisa M, Ilan Y. Serum Levels of Adropin Improve the Predictability of MELD and Child-Pugh Score in Cirrhosis: Results of Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trial. Transpl Int 2023; 36:11176. [PMID: 37334012 PMCID: PMC10274576 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Adropin is a peptide that was suggested to have a role in cirrhosis. The present study aimed to determine the ability to use serum adropin levels to improve their prediction accuracy as an adjunct to the current scores. In a single-center, proof-of-concept study, serum adropin levels were determined in thirty-three cirrhotic patients. The data were analyzed in correlation with Child-Pugh and MELD-Na scores, laboratory parameters, and mortality. Adropin levels were higher among cirrhotic patients that died within 180 days (1,325.7 ng/dL vs. 870.3 ng/dL, p = 0.024) and inversely correlated to the time until death (r 2 = 0.74). The correlation of adropin serum levels with mortality was better than MELD or Child-Pough scores (r 2 = 0.32 and 0.38, respectively). Higher adropin levels correlated with creatinine (r 2 = 0.79. p < 0.01). Patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases had elevated adropin levels. Integrating adropin levels with the Child-Pugh and MELD scores improved their correlation with the time of death (correlation coefficient: 0.91 vs. 0.38 and 0.67 vs. 0.32). The data of this feasibility study suggest that combining serum adropin with the Child-Pugh score and MELD-Na score improves the prediction of mortality in cirrhosis and can serve as a measure for assessing kidney dysfunction in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Kolben
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Kenig
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asa Kessler
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Ishay
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Weksler-Zangen
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mualem Eisa
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hoang YTT, Nguyen YT, Vu LT, Bui HTT, Nguyen QV, Vu NP, Nguyen TD, Nguyen HH. Association of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs698, and ALDH2 rs671 with Alcohol abuse and Alcoholic Cirrhosis in People Living in Northeast Vietnam. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2073-2082. [PMID: 37378938 PMCID: PMC10505894 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.6.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol abuse can cause developing cirrhosis, even liver cancer. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADH1B, ADH1C, and ALDH2 genes have been reported to be associated with alcohol abuse and alcoholic cirrhosis (ALC). This study investigated the association between three SNPs of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs698, and ALDH2 rs671 with alcohol abuse and ALC in people living in the Northeast region of Vietnam. METHODS 306 male participants were recruited including 206 alcoholics (106 ALC, 100 without ALC) and 100 healthy non-alcoholics. Clinical characteristics were collected by clinicians. Genotypes were identified by Sanger sequencing. Chi-Square (χ2) and Fisher-exact tests were used to assess the differences in age and clinical characteristics, Child-Pugh score, frequencies of alleles and genotypes. RESULT Our data showed that the frequency of ALDH2*1 was significantly higher in alcoholics (88.59%) and ALC groups (93.40%) than that of healthy non-alcoholics (78.50%) with p=0.0009 and non-ALC group (83.50%) with p=0.002, respectively. We detected opposite results when examined ALDH2*2. Frequency of combined genotypes with high acetaldehyde accumulation were significantly lower in alcoholics and ALC group than those of control groups with p=0.005 and p=0.008, respectively. Meanwhile, the proportion of combined genotypes with non-acetaldehyde accumulation were significantly two times higher in the ALC group (19.98%) than those of the non-ALC group (8%) with p=0.035. These combined genotypes showed a decreasing trend in the Child-Pugh score from likely phenotype causing risk for non-acetaldehyde accumulation to high acetaldehyde accumulation. CONCLUSION The ALDH2*1 allele was found as a risk factor for alcohol abuse and ALC, and combined genotypes of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs698, and ALDH2 rs671 with non-acetaldehyde accumulation increase ALC risk. In contrast, ALDH2*2 and the genotype combinations related to high acetaldehyde accumulation were protective factors against alcohol abuse and ALC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Thi Thu Hoang
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam.
| | - Yen Thi Nguyen
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam.
| | - Lan Thi Vu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam.
| | - Huong Thi Thu Bui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Foundation Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam.
| | - Quang Viet Nguyen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam.
| | - Nhung Phuong Vu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Ton Dang Nguyen
- Genome Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Ha Hai Nguyen
- Genome Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Dröes FC, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM, Lidbury JA. Prevalence of portal vein and splanchnic venous thrombosis in dogs with chronic hepatitis. J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:375-383. [PMID: 36973881 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in haemostasis have been described in dogs and humans with chronic hepatitis. Portal vein thrombosis is a recognised complication of chronic hepatitis in humans; however, its prevalence in dogs with chronic hepatitis has not been reported. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of, and describe clinical and laboratory data of dogs with chronic hepatitis and portal vein thrombosis and splanchnic venous thrombosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study. Medical records of dogs admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed. Dogs were included if chronic hepatitis was histopathologically confirmed, and if diagnostic imaging or necropsy indicated the presence of thrombosis. Clinical and laboratory data (i.e. haematology, biochemistry, coagulation panels) were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise dogs with and without thrombosis. RESULTS Records from 136 dogs with chronic hepatitis were identified. Three of these dogs, 2.2% (95% confidence interval: 0.8 to 6.3%) all females, were diagnosed with portal vein thrombosis. Five dogs in total, (3.7%; 95% confidence interval: 1.6 to 8.3%), including three with portal vein thrombosis, all females, were diagnosed with splanchnic venous thrombosis. Dogs with portal vein and splanchnic venous thrombosis often had hyperbilirubinaemia, increased serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity, and decreased plasma antithrombin 3 activity. They also had relatively high alternative Child-Pugh scores for dogs (median 6 out of 13). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Portal vein and splanchnic venous thrombosis are potentially serious complications that were identified in a relatively low proportion of dogs with chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Dröes
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University - College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - J S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University - College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - J M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University - College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - J A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University - College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Zhang Q, Mao W, He X, Yuan M. High red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio indicates adverse outcomes for hepatitis B virus-associated decompensated cirrhosis. Biomark Med 2023; 17:189-196. [PMID: 37158064 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This work was designed to determine the association between red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR) and 30-day prognosis in hepatitis B virus-associated decompensated cirrhosis (HBV-DC) patients. Methods: A total of 168 HBV-DC patients were included. Independent risk factors for poor prognosis were determined by logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 21 (12.5%) patients died within 30 days. RPR was higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. Multivariate analysis identified RPR and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score as independent prognostic predictors, and the predictive value of RPR was similar to that of the MELD score. Moreover, combining RPR with the MELD score further improved the predictive value for mortality. Conclusion: RPR has potential as a reliable tool for the prediction of poor prognosis in HBV-DC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengzhou People's Hospital, Shengzhou Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, 312400, China
| | - WeiLin Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengzhou People's Hospital, Shengzhou Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, 312400, China
| | - ManChun Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengzhou People's Hospital, Shengzhou Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, 312400, China
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Chaudhry H, Sohal A, Iqbal H, Roytman M. Alcohol-related hepatitis: A review article. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2551-2570. [PMID: 37213401 PMCID: PMC10198060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i17.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related hepatitis (ARH) is a unique type of alcohol-associated liver disease characterized by acute liver inflammation caused by significant alcohol use. It ranges in severity from mild to severe and carries significant morbidity and mortality. The refinement of scoring systems has enhanced prognostication and guidance of clinical decision-making in the treatment of this complex disease. Although treatment focuses on supportive care, steroids have shown benefit in select circumstances. There has been a recent interest in this disease process, as coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic led to substantial rise in cases. Although much is known regarding the pathogenesis, prognosis remains grim due to limited treatment options. This article summarizes the epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of ARH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunza Chaudhry
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, CA 93701, United States
| | - Aalam Sohal
- Department of Hepatology, Liver Institute Northwest, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Humzah Iqbal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, CA 93701, United States
| | - Marina Roytman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, CA 93701, United States
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Emenena I, Emenena B, Kweki AG, Aiwuyo HO, Osarenkhoe JO, Iloeje UN, Ilerhunmwuwa N, Torere BE, Akinti O, Akere A, Casimir OE. Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Score: A Tool for Prognosis and Prediction of Mortality in Patients With Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e39267. [PMID: 37342753 PMCID: PMC10278970 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decompensated liver disease has become a common occurrence in medical wards. It has become the third most common cause of death in medical wards. This high mortality rate has become a matter of concern. It is important that a reliable scoring system helps to stratify patients with liver cirrhosis who will require liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE To determine the value of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score in assessing the mortality of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis over one month period (30 days). METHODS AND MATERIALS A longitudinal study was conducted. A total of 110 patients diagnosed with decompensated liver cirrhosis were recruited from the gastroenterology clinic and medical wards of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City. The patients were recruited consecutively and met the inclusion criteria for the study. Demographic data, history, clinical, biochemical, ultrasonographic, and liver biopsy findings were evaluated in the patients who participated in this study. Results: The mean age of the patients was 57 ± 11.06 years. Out of the 110 study participants, a 2.9:1 male-to-female ratio was appreciated in the patient population, with a total of 82 males and 28 females. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified MELD scores as an independent predictor of mortality in the studied patients. Predictive values of the MELD score for 1-month mortality which was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the MELD score had a sensitivity of 72.2% and positive predictive value of 93.6% with an area under the curve of 0.926 for all-cause mortality among decompensated liver cirrhosis patients. CONCLUSION MELD score is a good predictor of mortality among patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis over a 1-month (30 days) period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isioma Emenena
- Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, NGA
| | | | - Anthony G Kweki
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Colchester Hospital, ESNEFT, Colchester, GBR
| | - Henry O Aiwuyo
- Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - John O Osarenkhoe
- Medicine and Surgery, Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Benin City, NGA
| | - Ugoeze N Iloeje
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, NGA
| | | | | | - Oluwasegun Akinti
- Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Adegboyega Akere
- Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, NGA
| | - Omuemu E Casimir
- Internal Medicine, University of Benin, Benin City, NGA
- Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, NGA
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Mehta H, Dunn W. Determining Prognosis of ALD and Alcohol-associated Hepatitis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:479-488. [PMID: 37250869 PMCID: PMC10213842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated hepatitis has a poor prognosis in terms of short-term mortality and often presents with symptoms, such as jaundice, acute renal failure, and ascites. There are many prognostic models that have been developed to predict short-term and long-term mortality in these patients. Current prognostic models can be divided into static scores, which are measured at admission, and dynamic models, which measure baseline and after a certain amount of time. The efficacy of these models in predicting short-term mortality is disputed. Numerous studies across the world have compared prognostic models, such as the Maddrey's discriminant function, the model for end-stage liver disease score, model for end-stage liver disease score-Na, Glasgow alcohol-associated hepatitis score, and the age-bilirubin-international normalized ratio-creatinine (ABIC) score, to each other to determine which score is more useful for a particular context. There are also prognostic markers such as liver biopsy, breath biomarkers, and acute kidney injury that are able to predict mortality. The accuracy of these scores is a key to determining when treatment with corticosteroids is futile since there is an increased risk of infection in those treated with it. Furthermore, although these scores are helpful in predicting short-term mortality, the only factor that is able to predict long-term mortality in patients with alcohol-related liver disease is abstinence. Numerous studies have proven that even though corticosteroids provide a treatment for alcohol-associated hepatitis, it is a temporary one, at best. The purpose of this paper is to compare the historical models to current ones in their ability to predict mortality in patients with alcohol-related liver disease by analyzing multiple studies that have examined these prognostic markers. This paper also isolates the knowledge gaps in the ability to delineate which patients would benefit from corticosteroids and patients who would not and provides potential models for the future that could narrow this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heer Mehta
- University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine, USA
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Sastry UMK, Doddaiah MS, Arunakumar P, Marimuthu V, Kasturi S, Srinivas BC, Jayranganath M, Manjunath CN. Percutaneous hepatic vein recanalization in pediatric Budd-Chiari syndrome - 10 years' experience from a tertiary center. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 16:168-174. [PMID: 37876952 PMCID: PMC10593285 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_160_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Budd - Chiari syndrome (BCS) due to hepatic venous outflow obstruction is a rare cause of liver disease with dismal outcome, often amenable to catheter intervention. Materials and Methods This retrospective single-center study analyzed the clinical profile and medium-term outcome of interventional treatment with balloon angioplasty ± stenting in all pediatric BCS over a 10-year period. Clinical, laboratory, imaging, and interventional data were retrieved. Transhepatic (TH) access was utilized in the recent 3 years. Results We included a total of 27 patients. Acute and subacute BCS comprised 93% of subjects. Ascites was the most common symptom. COVID-19 infection and Takayasu arteritis were two novel etiologies in our study. There was isolated hepatic vein (HV) narrowing in 11 (41%), isolated inferior vena cava obstruction in 4, and combined occlusion in 12 (44%). Intervention was successful in 22 (82%) patients. Stenting was required in 14 (64%) patients and the rest underwent balloon angioplasty. The immediate outcome was better with stenting than balloon (91% vs. 64%). Transhepatic access in 6 patients allowed HV cannulation in all and achieved patency in five patients. Two patients from the balloon group (25%) and 9 from the stent group (64%) are alive with patent veins at a median follow-up of 60 months, indicating a high attrition rate. Conclusion Catheter interventions restored physiological blood flow in pediatric BCS. TH route improved cannulation of occluded HV compared to other accesses. Immediate and medium-term outcomes were better after stenting with lower rates of reinterventions than balloon angioplasty. Life-long surveillance is required as mortality is high on follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priyadarshini Arunakumar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Varun Marimuthu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sowmya Kasturi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Budnur C Srinivas
- Department of Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahimarangaiah Jayranganath
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Stämmler F, Derain-Dubourg L, Lemoine S, Meeusen JW, Dasari S, Lieske JC, Robertson A, Schiffer E. Impact of race-independent equations on estimating glomerular filtration rate for the assessment of kidney dysfunction in liver disease. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:83. [PMID: 37003973 PMCID: PMC10064726 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered hemodynamics in liver disease often results in overestimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by creatinine-based GFR estimating (eGFR) equations. Recently, we have validated a novel eGFR equation based on serum myo-inositol, valine, and creatinine quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with cystatin C, age and sex (GFRNMR). We hypothesized that GFRNMR could improve chronic kidney disease (CKD) classification in the setting of liver disease. RESULTS We conducted a retrospective multicenter study in 205 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), comparing the performance of GFRNMR to that of validated CKD-EPI eGFR equations, including eGFRcr (based on creatinine) and eGFRcr-cys (based on both creatinine and cystatin C), using measured GFR as reference standard. GFRNMR outperformed all other equations with a low overall median bias (-1 vs. -6 to 4 ml/min/1.73 m2 for the other equations; p < 0.05) and the lowest difference in bias between reduced and preserved liver function (-3 vs. -16 to -8 ml/min/1.73 m2 for other equations). Concordant classification by CKD stage was highest for GFRNMR (59% vs. 48% to 53%) and less biased in estimating CKD severity compared to the other equations. GFRNMR P30 accuracy (83%) was higher than that of eGFRcr (75%; p = 0.019) and comparable to that of eGFRcr-cys (86%; p = 0.578). CONCLUSIONS Addition of myo-inositol and valine to creatinine and cystatin C in GFRNMR further improved GFR estimation in CLD patients and accurately stratified liver disease patients into CKD stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Stämmler
- Department of Research and Development, Numares AG,, Am BioPark 9, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laurence Derain-Dubourg
- Department Néphrologie, Dialyse, Hypertension Et Exploration Fonctionnelle Rénale, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Lemoine
- Department Néphrologie, Dialyse, Hypertension Et Exploration Fonctionnelle Rénale, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jeffrey W Meeusen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John C Lieske
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew Robertson
- Department of Research and Development, Numares AG,, Am BioPark 9, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eric Schiffer
- Department of Research and Development, Numares AG,, Am BioPark 9, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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