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Garvey M. Hospital Acquired Sepsis, Disease Prevalence, and Recent Advances in Sepsis Mitigation. Pathogens 2024; 13:461. [PMID: 38921759 PMCID: PMC11206921 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, commonly associated with nosocomial transmission. Gram-negative bacterial species are particularly problematic due to the release of the lipopolysaccharide toxins upon cell death. The lipopolysaccharide toxin of E. coli has a greater immunogenic potential than that of other Gram-negative bacteria. The resultant dysregulation of the immune system is associated with organ failure and mortality, with pregnant women, ICU patients, and neonates being particularly vulnerable. Additionally, sepsis recovery patients have an increased risk of re-hospitalisation, chronic illness, co-morbidities, organ damage/failure, and a reduced life expectancy. The emergence and increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial and fungal species has impacted the treatment of sepsis patients, leading to increasing mortality rates. Multidrug resistant pathogens including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, beta lactam-resistant Klebsiella, and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter species are associated with an increased risk of mortality. To improve the prognosis of sepsis patients, predominantly high-risk neonates, advances must be made in the early diagnosis, triage, and control of sepsis. The identification of suitable biomarkers and biomarker combinations, coupled with machine learning and artificial intelligence, show promise in early detection protocols. Rapid diagnosis of sepsis in patients is essential to inform on clinical treatment, especially with resistant infectious agents. This timely review aims to discuss sepsis prevalence, aetiology, and recent advances towards disease mitigation and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Garvey
- Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; ; Tel.: +353-0719-305-529
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
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Wei Y, Ren X, Yuan Z, Hong J, Wang T, Chen W, Xu Y, Ding J, Lin J, Jiang W, Zhang P, Wu Q. Trauma diagnostic-related target proteins and their detection techniques. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e7. [PMID: 38602081 PMCID: PMC11062145 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Trauma is a significant health issue that not only leads to immediate death in many cases but also causes severe complications, such as sepsis, thrombosis, haemorrhage, acute respiratory distress syndrome and traumatic brain injury, among trauma patients. Target protein identification technology is a vital technique in the field of biomedical research, enabling the study of biomolecular interactions, drug discovery and disease treatment. It plays a crucial role in identifying key protein targets associated with specific diseases or biological processes, facilitating further research, drug design and the development of treatment strategies. The application of target protein technology in biomarker detection enables the timely identification of newly emerging infections and complications in trauma patients, facilitating expeditious medical interventions and leading to reduced post-trauma mortality rates and improved patient prognoses. This review provides an overview of the current applications of target protein identification technology in trauma-related complications and provides a brief overview of the current target protein identification technology, with the aim of reducing post-trauma mortality, improving diagnostic efficiency and prognostic outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiLiu Wei
- Department of Trauma Center & Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
- Department of Trauma Center and Emergency Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Ren
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhitao Yuan
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Trauma Center & Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
- Department of Trauma Center and Emergency Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Weizhi Chen
- Department of Trauma Center & Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
- Department of Trauma Center and Emergency Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinwang Ding
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Jiang
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127 Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyi Wu
- Department of Trauma Center & Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
- Department of Trauma Center and Emergency Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
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Coudereau R, Bodinier M, Lukaszewicz AC, Py BF, Argaud L, Cour M, Bidar F, Cerrato E, Garnier L, Gossez M, Venet F, Monneret G. Persistent NLRP3 inflammasome activation is associated with delayed immunosuppression in septic patients. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:706-713. [PMID: 38146798 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis triggers a complex response marked by the simultaneous presence of proinflammatory and immunosuppressive elements, disrupting the mechanisms intended to maintain homeostasis. While the NLRP3 inflammasome has been demonstrated to contribute to the inflammatory side, its connection with delayed sepsis-induced immunosuppression remains unexplored. The present objective was to concomitantly and prospectively assess NLRP3 activation (IL-1β, IL-18, and soluble receptors) and features of immune failure (IL-10, mHLA-DR, myeloid-derived suppressor cells) in septic patients. To validate our findings, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of mRNA of NLRP3-related genes (IL-18R1, IL-1R2) on an additional cohort of 107 patients. Two distinct endotypes were identified. One cluster displayed moderate inflammation rapidly returning to normal values, while the other exhibited a higher inflammatory response persisting until day 28, which was associated with persistent marked immunosuppression and higher 28-d mortality. Identifying endotypes with different pro/anti-inflammatory trajectories could hold important clinical implications for the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Coudereau
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Bodinier
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte F Py
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Argaud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Department, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Martin Cour
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Department, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Frank Bidar
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Cerrato
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Lorna Garnier
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, CH Lyon-Sud, Immunology Laboratory, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Morgane Gossez
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
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Kong Z, Cai S, Xie W, Chen J, Xie J, Yang F, Li Z, Bai X, Liu T. CD4 + T cells ferroptosis is associated with the development of sepsis in severe polytrauma patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111377. [PMID: 38104369 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological disorder remains a great challenge in severe poly-trauma, in which lymphopenia is an important contributor. The purpose of present study is to explore whether ferroptosis, a new manner of programmed cell death (PCD), is involved in the lymphocyte depletion and predictive to the adverse prognosis of severe injuries. PATIENTS AND METHODS Severe polytrauma patients admitted from January 2022 to December 2022 in our trauma center were prospectively investigated. Peripheral blood samples were collected at admission (day 1), day 3 and day 7 from them. Included patients were classified based on whether they developed sepsis or not. Clinical outcomes, systematic inflammatory response, lymphocyte subpopulation, CD4 + T cell ferroptosis were collected, detected and analyzed. RESULTS Notable lymphopenia was observed on the first day after severe trauma and failed to normalize on the 7th day if patients were complicated with sepsis, in which CD4 + T cell was the subset of lymphocyte that depleted most pronouncedly. Lymphocyte loss was significantly correlated with the acute and biphasic systemic inflammatory response. Ferroptosis participated in the death of CD4 + T cells, potentially mediated by the downregulation of xCT-GSH-GPX4 pathway. CD4 + T cells ferroptosis had a conducive predicting value for the development of sepsis following severe trauma. CONCLUSIONS CD4 + T cells ferroptosis occurs early in the acute stage of severe polytrauma, which may become a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for post-traumatic sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Kong
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shiqi Cai
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Weiming Xie
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Bai
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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Hu Y, He S, Xu X, Cui X, Wei Y, Zhao C, Ye H, Zhao J, Liu Q. Shenhuangdan decoction alleviates sepsis-induced lung injury through inhibition of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117047. [PMID: 37586442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sepsis-induced lung injury is closely associated with it remarkable morbidity and mortality. Shenhuangdan (SHD) decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been clinically proven to be an effective treatment for sepsis. However, the mechanism of SHD decoction in treating sepsis remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SHD decoction on sepsis-induced lung injury and its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we established a mouse model of sepsis by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. Firstly, seven-day survival analysis and histological staining of lung tissue were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SHD decoction on lung injury in septic mice. Multifactor microarray was used to detect cytokine expression changes in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Subsequently, the main components in medicated serum of SHD decoction were inspected by Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The material basis of SHD decoction and potential interaction mechanisms were analysed by systemic pharmacology. To confirm the reliability of network pharmacology for predicting outcomes, we used molecular docking techniques to identify interactions between the core components and targets of SHD. Finally, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to explore the mechanism of SHD decoction through the inhibition of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in septic mice. RESULTS SHD was found to be effective in reducing the mortality and alleviating lung pathological damage in septic mice. Multifactor microarray results showed that SHD can reduce the expression of inflammation factors (IL-18, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6 and TNF-α) in serum and BALF of septic mice. There were 22 major blood-entry components detected by UPLC-MS/MS. Then, combined with the network pharmacological analysis, it is evident that the main components of SHD for sepsis are Renshen-ginsenoside Rh2, Danshen-tanshinone IIA and Dahuang-rhein. The main targets were IL-1β and caspase-1, which were related to GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis signalling pathway. Molecular docking exhibited that Renshen-ginsenoside Rh2, Danshen-tanshinone IIA and Dahuang-rhein can closely bind to GSDMD, IL-1β and caspase-1. In addition, TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that SHD alleviated the expression of GSDMD protein. The western blotting showed that SHD significantly inhibited the protein expression levels of NLRP3, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, cleved caspase-1, caspase-1 and ASC in lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that SHD improves CLP-induced lung injury by blocking the GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis signalling pathway in septic mice. This study provides evidence to support that SHD had a potential therapeutic effect on sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Hu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100010, China.
| | - Shasha He
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100010, China.
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100010, China.
| | - Xuran Cui
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100010, China.
| | - Yiming Wei
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China.
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100010, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Haoran Ye
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100010, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jingxia Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100010, China.
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100010, China.
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Zhao X, Xie J, Duan C, Wang L, Si Y, Liu S, Wang Q, Wu D, Wang Y, Yin W, Zhuang R, Li J. ADAR1 protects pulmonary macrophages from sepsis-induced pyroptosis and lung injury through miR-21/A20 signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:464-485. [PMID: 38169584 PMCID: PMC10758098 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury is a serious complication of sepsis with high morbidity and mortality. Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death that leads to immune dysregulation and organ dysfunction during sepsis. We previously found that adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA 1 (ADAR1) plays regulatory roles in the pathology of sepsis, but the mechanism of ADAR1 in sepsis-induced pyroptosis and lung injury remains unclear. Here, we mainly investigated the regulatory effects and underlying mechanism of ADAR1 in sepsis-induced lung injury and pyroptosis of pulmonary macrophages through RNA sequencing of clinical samples, caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mouse models, and in vitro cellular experiments using RAW264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The results showed that pyroptosis was activated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with sepsis. In the CLP-induced septic mouse model, pyroptosis was mainly activated in pulmonary macrophages. LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells showed significantly increased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. ADAR1 was downregulated in PMBCs of patients with sepsis, and overexpression of ADAR1 alleviated CLP-induced lung injury and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, the regulatory effects of ADAR1 on macrophage pyroptosis were mediated by the miR-21/A20/NLRP3 signalling cascade. ADAR1 attenuated sepsis-induced lung injury and hindered the activation of pyroptosis in pulmonary macrophages in sepsis through the miR-21/A20/NLRP3 axis. Our study highlights the role of ADAR1 in protecting pulmonary macrophages against pyroptosis and suggests targeting ADAR1/miR-21 signalling as a therapeutic opportunity in sepsis-related lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangang Xie
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chujun Duan
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linxiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Si
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanshou Liu
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianmei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Vigneron C, Py BF, Monneret G, Venet F. The double sides of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:333-351. [PMID: 36856019 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction induced by a dysregulated host immune response to infection. Immune response induced by sepsis is complex and dynamic. It is schematically described as an early dysregulated systemic inflammatory response leading to organ failures and early deaths, followed by the development of persistent immune alterations affecting both the innate and adaptive immune responses associated with increased risk of secondary infections, viral reactivations, and late mortality. In this review, we will focus on the role of NACHT, leucin-rich repeat and pyrin-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathophysiology of sepsis. NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiproteic intracellular complex activated by infectious pathogens through a two-step process resulting in the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and the formation of membrane pores by gasdermin D, inducing a pro-inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of sepsis can be ambivalent. Indeed, although it might protect against sepsis when moderately activated after initial infection, excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation can induce dysregulated inflammation leading to multiple organ failure and death during the acute phase of the disease. Moreover, this activation might become exhausted and contribute to post-septic immunosuppression, driving impaired functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome could thus be an attractive option in sepsis either through IL-1β and IL-18 antagonists or through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway downstream components. Available treatments and results of first clinical trials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Vigneron
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte F Py
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
- Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
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Inhibition of DDX3X alleviates persistent inflammation, immune suppression and catabolism syndrome in a septic mice model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109779. [PMID: 36806038 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DDX3X is involved in various pathological processes such as infection, immunity and cell death. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RK-33, a specific inhibitor of DDX3X, on the progression of sepsis to persistent inflammation, immune suppression and catabolism syndrome(PICS). METHODS The septic mice model was established using caecal ligation and perforation (CLP). The mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, sham + RK-33 group (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, once a day), CLP group and CLP + RK-33 group (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, once a day). The number of inflammatory cells in the peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow was calculated, and inflammatory cytokines were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The septic mice's body weight and skeletal muscle mass were measured, and skeletal muscle tissues were examined using eosin staining. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of MuRF1, atrogin1 and NLRP3 in the skeletal muscle of septic mice. Additionally, reactive oxidative species, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were measured using commercial kits. RESULTS RK-33 reduced inflammatory cell counts and cytokine levels in CLP mice, ameliorated the decline in CD4 and CD8 T cells and prevented the loss of body weight and skeletal muscle mass in septic mice. Additionally, RX-33 reduced oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of septic mice. CONCLUSION In the established sepsis mouse model, RK-33 alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress, ameliorated CLP-induced immunosuppression and skeletal muscle atrophy and improved survival. These findings suggest that RK-33 could be a novel potential therapeutic agent for preventing the progression of sepsis to PICS.
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Inhibition of PFKFB Preserves Intestinal Barrier Function in Sepsis by Inhibiting NLRP3/GSDMD. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8704016. [PMID: 36589684 PMCID: PMC9803577 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8704016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction is associated with the occurrence and development of sepsis. Further, aerobic glycolysis plays an essential role in inflammation and cell death. This study is aimed at investigating the protective effect and mechanism of PFKFB3 inhibition on intestinal barrier dysfunction in sepsis mice. Sepsis mouse models were established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in wild-type mice and Gsdmd-/- mice. The results showed that the expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) in the small intestines was significantly upregulated in sepsis. 3-(3-Pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO), the specific inhibitor of PFKFB3, and Gsdmd gene knockout significantly inhibited the inflammatory response and cell death caused by sepsis, thus alleviating intestinal damage and barrier dysfunction. 3PO was also shown to significantly inhibit oxidative stress and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-dependent cell pyroptosis in the small intestines. The in vitro studies revealed that 3PO reduced NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-dependent cell pyroptosis by inhibiting ROS. Taken together, our results suggest that PFKFB3 is involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis during sepsis and enhances intestinal damage, which may provide important clues about the potential targets to be exploited in this highly lethal disease.
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Bhuyan S, Pal B, Pathak L, Saikia PJ, Mitra S, Gayan S, Mokhtari RB, Li H, Ramana CV, Baishya D, Das B. Targeting hypoxia-induced tumor stemness by activating pathogen-induced stem cell niche defense. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933329. [PMID: 36248858 PMCID: PMC9559576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia and oxidative stress reprograms cancer stem cells (CSCs) to a highly aggressive and inflammatory phenotypic state of tumor stemness. Previously, we characterized tumor stemness phenotype in the ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 (ABCG2)–positive migratory side population (SPm) fraction of CSCs exposed to extreme hypoxia followed by reoxygenation. Here, we report that post-hypoxia/reoxygenation SPm+/ABCG2+ CSCs exerts defense against pathogen invasion that involves bystander apoptosis of non-infected CSCs. In an in vitro assay of cancer cell infection by Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) or mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain 18b (Mtb-m18b), the pathogens preferentially replicated intracellular to SPm+/ABCG2+ CSCs of seven cell lines of diverse cancer types including SCC-25 oral squamous cancer cell line. The conditioned media (CM) of infected CSCs exhibited direct anti-microbial activity against Mtb and BCG, suggesting niche defense against pathogen. Importantly, the CM of infected CSCs exhibited marked in vitro bystander apoptosis toward non-infected CSCs. Moreover, the CM-treated xenograft bearing mice showed 10- to 15-fold reduction (p < 0.001; n = 7) in the number of CSCs residing in the hypoxic niches. Our in vitro studies indicated that BCG-infected SPm+/ABCG2+ equivalent EPCAM+/ABCG2+ CSCs of SCC-25 cells underwent pyroptosis and released a high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1)/p53 death signal into the tumor microenvironment (TME). The death signal can induce a Toll-like receptor 2/4–mediated bystander apoptosis in non-infected CSCs by activating p53/MDM2 oscillation and subsequent activation of capase-3–dependent intrinsic apoptosis. Notably, SPm+/ABCG2+ but not SP cells undergoing bystander apoptosis amplified the death signal by further release of HMGB1/p53 complex into the TME. These results suggest that post-hypoxia SPm+/ABCG2+ CSCs serve a functional role as a tumor stemness defense (TSD) phenotype to protect TME against bacterial invasion. Importantly, the CM of TSD phenotype undergoing bystander apoptosis may have therapeutic uses against CSCs residing in the hypoxic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bhuyan
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Bidisha Pal
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Lekhika Pathak
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Partha Jyoti Saikia
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Shirsajit Mitra
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Sukanya Gayan
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Chilakamarti V. Ramana
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Debabrat Baishya
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Bikul Das
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bikul Das,
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11
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Xia D, Wang S, Yao R, Han Y, Zheng L, He P, Liu Y, Yang L. Pyroptosis in sepsis: Comprehensive analysis of research hotspots and core genes in 2022. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:955991. [PMID: 36032662 PMCID: PMC9402944 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.955991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening disease caused by dysregulated host response to infection, is a major public health problem with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Pyroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death discovered in recent years, which has been proved to play an important role in sepsis. Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive report, which can help researchers get a quick overview and find research hotspots. Thus, we aimed to identify the study status and knowledge structures of pyroptosis in sepsis and summarize the key mechanism of pyroptosis in sepsis. The data were retrieved and downloaded from the WOS database. Software such as VOSviewer was used to analyze these publications. Key genes were picked out by using (https://www.genecards.org) and (http://www.bioinformatics.com). Then, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used to performed these key genes. From 2011 to 2021, a total of 299 papers met the search criteria, and the global interest in pyroptosis in sepsis measured by the value of (RRI) has started to increase since 2016. China ranked first in the number of publications, followed by the USA. The journal Frontiers in Immunology published the most relevant articles. Through keyword co-occurrence analysis, the high-frequency subject terms were divided into three clusters like “animal research”, “cell research,” and “molecular research” clusters. “mir,” “aki,” “monocyte,” and “neutrophil” were the newest keywords that may be the hotspot. In addition, a total of 15 genes were identified as hub genes. TNF, IL-1β, AKT1, CASP1, and STAT3 were highly expressed in lung tissues, thymus tissues, and lymphocytes. KEGG analysis indicated that pyroptosis may play a vital role in sepsis via the NOD, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK/JNK pathways. Through the quantitative analysis of the literature on pyroptosis in sepsis, we revealed the current status and hotspots of research in this field and provided some guidance for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeng Xia
- Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renqi Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexue Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qing Dao University, Qing Dao, Shan Dong, China
| | - Liyu Zheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyi He
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Liu, ; Lu Yang,
| | - Lu Yang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Liu, ; Lu Yang,
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12
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Wen R, Liu YP, Tong XX, Zhang TN, Yang N. Molecular mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis in sepsis and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:962139. [PMID: 35967871 PMCID: PMC9372372 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.962139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, is a leading cause of death in intensive care units. The development of sepsis-associated organ dysfunction (SAOD) poses a threat to the survival of patients with sepsis. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of sepsis and SAOD is complicated, multifactorial, and has not been completely clarified. Recently, numerous studies have demonstrated that pyroptosis, which is characterized by inflammasome and caspase activation and cell membrane pore formation, is involved in sepsis. Unlike apoptosis, pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death that participates in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. Related studies have shown that in sepsis, moderate pyroptosis promotes the clearance of pathogens, whereas the excessive activation of pyroptosis leads to host immune response disorders and SAOD. Additionally, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, epigenetic modifications and post-translational modifications can directly or indirectly regulate pyroptosis-related molecules. Pyroptosis also interacts with autophagy, apoptosis, NETosis, and necroptosis. This review summarizes the roles and regulatory mechanisms of pyroptosis in sepsis and SAOD. As our understanding of the functions of pyroptosis improves, the development of new diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies associated with pyroptosis to improve clinical outcomes appears promising in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ni Yang
- *Correspondence: Tie-Ning Zhang, ; Ni Yang,
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13
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Beltrán-García J, Osca-Verdegal R, Pérez-Cremades D, Novella S, Hermenegildo C, Pallardó FV, García-Giménez JL. Extracellular Histones Activate Endothelial NLRP3 Inflammasome and are Associated with a Severe Sepsis Phenotype. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4217-4238. [PMID: 35915852 PMCID: PMC9338392 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s363693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Beltrán-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Rebeca Osca-Verdegal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Cremades
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Susana Novella
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Carlos Hermenegildo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Correspondence: José Luis García-Giménez, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, 46010, Spain, Tel +34 963 864 646, Email
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14
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Liu YX, Yu Y, Liu JP, Liu WJ, Cao Y, Yan RM, Yao YM. Neuroimmune Regulation in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy: The Interaction Between the Brain and Peripheral Immunity. Front Neurol 2022; 13:892480. [PMID: 35832175 PMCID: PMC9271799 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.892480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), the most popular cause of coma in the intensive care unit (ICU), is the diffuse cerebral damage caused by the septic challenge. SAE is closely related to high mortality and extended cognitive impairment in patients in septic shock. At present, many studies have demonstrated that SAE might be mainly associated with blood–brain barrier damage, abnormal neurotransmitter secretion, oxidative stress, and neuroimmune dysfunction. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism which initiates SAE and contributes to the long-term cognitive impairment remains largely unknown. Recently, a growing body of evidence has indicated that there is close crosstalk between SAE and peripheral immunity. The excessive migration of peripheral immune cells to the brain, the activation of glia, and resulting dysfunction of the central immune system are the main causes of septic nerve damage. This study reviews the update on the pathogenesis of septic encephalopathy, focusing on the over-activation of immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the “neurocentral–endocrine–immune” networks in the development of SAE, aiming to further understand the potential mechanism of SAE and provide new targets for diagnosis and management of septic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-xiao Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Sixth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-peng Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Sixth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Run-min Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-ming Yao
| | - Yong-ming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Run-min Yan
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15
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Abstract
ABSTRACT As a global major health problem and a leading cause of death, sepsis is defined as a failure of homeostasis, which is mainly initiated by an infection and followed by sustained excessive inflammation until immune suppression. Despite advances in the identification and management of clinical sepsis, morbidity, and mortality remain high. In addition, clinical trials have failed to yield promising results. In recent years, the mechanism of regulated cell death (RCD) in sepsis has attracted more and more attention, because these dying cells could release a large number of danger signals which contribute to inflammatory responses and exacerbation of sepsis, providing a new direction for us to make treatment strategy. Here we summarize mechanisms of several forms of RCD in sepsis including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis. In conclusion, targeting RCD is considered a promising approach to treat sepsis.
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Wen X, Xie B, Yuan S, Zhang J. The "Self-Sacrifice" of ImmuneCells in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833479. [PMID: 35572571 PMCID: PMC9099213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host’s malfunctioning response to infection. Due to its high mortality rate and medical cost, sepsis remains one of the world’s most intractable diseases. In the early stage of sepsis, the over-activated immune system and a cascade of inflammation are usually accompanied by immunosuppression. The core pathogenesis of sepsis is the maladjustment of the host’s innate and adaptive immune response. Many immune cells are involved in this process, including neutrophils, mononuclear/macrophages and lymphocytes. The immune cells recognize pathogens, devour pathogens and release cytokines to recruit or activate other cells in direct or indirect manner. Pyroptosis, immune cell-extracellular traps formation and autophagy are several novel forms of cell death that are different from apoptosis, which play essential roles in the progress of sepsis. Immune cells can initiate “self-sacrifice” through the above three forms of cell death to protect or kill pathogens. However, the exact roles and mechanisms of the self-sacrifice in the immune cells in sepsis are not fully elucidated. This paper mainly analyzes the self-sacrifice of several representative immune cells in the forms of pyroptosis, immune cell-extracellular traps formation and autophagy to reveal the specific roles they play in the occurrence and progression of sepsis, also to provide inspiration and references for further investigation of the roles and mechanisms of self-sacrifice of immune cells in the sepsis in the future, meanwhile, through this work, we hope to bring inspiration to clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Zhang S, Guan X, Liu W, Zhu Z, Jin H, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Zhang M, Xu C, Tang X, Wang J, Cheng W, Lin W, Ma X, Chen J. YTHDF1 alleviates sepsis by upregulating WWP1 to induce NLRP3 ubiquitination and inhibit caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. Cell Death Discov 2022; 8:244. [PMID: 35508474 PMCID: PMC9068740 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is inflammation-associated caspase-1-dependent programmed cell death, which confers a crucial role in sepsis. The present study intends to investigate the regulatory network and function of the microarray-predicted YTHDF1 in caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis of sepsis. Peripheral blood of patients with sepsis was collected to determine WWP1 and YTHDF1 expression. An in vitro sepsis cell model was induced in RAW264.7 cells using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ATP and an in vivo septic mouse model by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). After gain- and loss-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo, TNF-α and IL-1β levels and the cleavage of gasdermin-D (GSDMD) were detected by ELISA and Western blot assay, followed by determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Immunoprecipitation and meRIP assay were performed to detect the ubiquitination of NLRP3 and the m6A modification of WWP1 mRNA. The binding of WWP1 to YTHDF1 was explored using RIP-RT-qPCR and dual luciferase gene reporter assay. It was noted that WWP1 and YTHDF1 were downregulated in clinical sepsis samples, LPS + ATP-treated RAW264.7 cells, and CLP-induced mice. The ubiquitination of NLRP3 was promoted after overexpression of WWP1. WWP1 translation could be promoted by YTHDF1. Then, WWP1 or YTHDF1 overexpression diminished LDH activity, NLRP3 inflammasomes and caspase-1-mediated cleavage of GSDMD in LPS + ATP-induced RAW264.7 cells. Overexpressed YTHDF1 restrained inflammatory response in CLP-induced mice. Collectively, the alleviatory effect of m6A reader protein YTHDF1 may be achieved through promotion of NLRP3 ubiquitination and inhibition of caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis by upregulating WWP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Guan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Youfeng Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Xu Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Wang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Lin
- Department of Burns, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoke Ma
- Xidian University, School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710071, P.R. China
| | - Jianliang Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, P.R. China
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18
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Yin Y, Tang L, Liu K, Ding X, Wang D, Chen L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and hepatocyte pyroptosis. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:361-369. [PMID: 35392791 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220407103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) has been shown to be an effective means of treating sepsis-related organ damage. Pytoptotic cell death, in turn, has recently been identified as a key driver of sepsis-related damage. At present, there are few studies on the effect of BMSC transplantation on pytoptotic cell death. OBJECTIVE We explored the ability of BMSCs to attenuate hepatic damage in a pyroptosis-related manner in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. METHODS Following injury modeling and BMSC transplantation, we assessed the expression of the NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and key downstream pyroptosis-related signaling molecules. RESULTS It was found that BMSC transplantation was sufficient to significantly improve rat survival after LPS injection. Significantly reduced expression of the pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in rats that had undergone BMSC transplantation compared to control animals. Notably, this activity was superior to single-agent administration of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that BMSC transplantation may alleviate LPS-induced hepatic damage by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the induction of pyroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Yin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Xuefeng Ding
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Daqing Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
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Wang B, Liu Y, Jiang R, Liu Z, Gao H, Chen F, Mei J. Emodin relieves the inflammation and pyroptosis of lipopolysaccharide-treated 1321N1 cells by regulating methyltransferase-like 3 -mediated NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 expression. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6740-6749. [PMID: 35246004 PMCID: PMC8973593 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2045836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis brain injury (SBI) is a major cause of death in critically ill patients. The present study aimed to investigate the role of emodin in SBI development. Human astrocyte 1321N1 cells were stimulated with 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an SBI model in vitro. Flow cytometry was performed to measure the cell pyroptosis. The protein expression levels of syndecan-1 (SDC-1), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, and the N-terminal fragment of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) were measured using Western blotting. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification was analyzed using the methylated RNA immunoprecipitation assay. NLRP3 activator, nigericin, was used to overexpress NLRP3. LPS treatment significantly enhanced the pyroptosis in 1321N1 cells, increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and decreased the levels of IL-10. The protein expression levels of NLRP3, SDC-1, GSDMD-N, and Caspase-1 were also increased. Emodin treatment decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NLRP3, SDC-1, GSDMD-N, and Caspase-1, while increasing the levels of IL-10 in LPS-treated 1321N1 cells. Nigericin reversed the effects of emodin. Furthermore, emodin upregulated m6A levels in NLRP3 by increasing the expression of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3). Meanwhile, knockdown of METTL3 reversed the effects of emodin on the mRNA expression and stability of NLRP3. Therefore, emodin inhibits the inflammation and pyroptosis of LPS-treated 1321N1 cells by inactivating METTL3-mediated NLRP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, East Branch of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- Department of Emergency, Hebei Yiling Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Haiyun Gao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fenqiao Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianqiang Mei
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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DDX3X mRNA Expression in T Cells Is Associated with the Severity and Mortality of Septic Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5176915. [PMID: 35178128 PMCID: PMC8847006 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5176915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose DDX3X acts as the critical checkpoint of death in stressed cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mRNA expression level of DDX3X in T cells in peripheral blood of patients with sepsis and to explore its correlation with the prognosis of sepsis. Methods Seventy-nine patients with traumatic sepsis were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Blood samples were collected within 24 hours after the diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock, and the mRNA expression level of DDX3X in T cells was detected by PCR. Results The level of DDX3X mRNA in T cells was significantly increased in septic patients as well as in septic shock patients. The level of DDX3X mRNA was negatively correlated with T cell count and positively correlated with acute physiological and chronic health assessment (APACHE) score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (P < 0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-0.90). A Cox proportional hazard model identified an association between an increased DDX3X mRNA level (≥1.575) and the risk of 28-day mortality (hazard ratio = 9.540, 95% CI, 2.452-37.108). Conclusions High level of DDX3X mRNA in T cells in sepsis is associated with the severity of sepsis and the mortality of patients with sepsis.
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21
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GPA Peptide Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Pyroptosis of Alveolar Macrophage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:5589472. [PMID: 34992715 PMCID: PMC8727129 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5589472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) has been known to be a devastating form of respiratory infection and an important contributor to mortality in intensive care, due to its lacking of effective treatment. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis are associated with multiple kinds of inflammatory diseases such as ALI. It is commonly accepted that Gly-Pro-Ala (GPA) peptide regulates oxidative stress and pyroptosis in different kinds of inflammatory diseases. Our study is aimed at exploring the regulatory function and protective effects of GPA peptides on ALI. In the current study, the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) technique was used to evoke sepsis in mice, and GPA peptide was administered intraperitoneally with different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) after CLP. Histopathological changes and the ratio of wet-to-dry in lung were recorded and analyzed. We also investigated the level of oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyroptosis. Results showed that GPA peptide significantly ameliorated CLP-stimulated lung tissue injury, impeded proinflammatory cytokine release, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, GPA peptide suppressed oxidative stress and caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in alveolar macrophages. Furthermore, our study showed that the GPA peptide prevents alveolar macrophage from undergoing pyroptosis by attenuating ROS. In conclusion, results demonstrated that GPA peptide has protective effects in CLP-stimulated ALI by inhibiting oxidative stress as well as pyroptosis of alveolar macrophage.
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22
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Tian J, Wang B, Xie B, Liu X, Zhou D, Hou X, Xiang L. Pyroptosis inhibition alleviates potassium oxonate- and monosodium urate-induced gouty arthritis in mice. Mod Rheumatol 2022; 32:221-230. [PMID: 33705241 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2021.1899569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pyroptosis has been found implicated in several diseases, however, whether it was involved in gouty arthritis remained unclear. Our study was performed to uncover the role of pyroptosis in gouty arthritis based on a mice model. METHODS Mouse gouty arthritis model was established by injections of potassium oxonate (PO), monosodium urate (MSU) and pyroptosis suppressor disulfiram. The diameter of the ankle joints was measured, and ankle joints morphology was observed with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Uric acid, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were measured, while cytokines level and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity were quantified. Relative pyroptosis markers expressions were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot as needed. RESULTS In mouse model, PO and MSU injections cause damage to right ankle, increase the root thickness ratio and uric acid, creatinine and BUN levels in serum and decrease the uric acid and creatinine levels in urine. Also, under PO and MSU treatment, up-regulated XOD activity, inflammatory cytokines levels and pyroptosis markers expressions are observed. Negative regulation of mice injury by disulfiram treatment is also observed. CONCLUSION Pyroptosis inhibition might alleviate PO- and MSU-induced gouty arthritis, providing possible therapeutic strategies for gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Baichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Dapeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuening Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Liangbi Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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Increased Death of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells after TLR4 Inhibition in Sepsis Is Not via TNF/TNF Receptor-Mediated Apoptotic Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:2255017. [PMID: 34733114 PMCID: PMC8560265 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2255017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis is one of the causes of immune depression in sepsis. Pyroptosis also occurs in sepsis. The toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) have been shown to play important roles in apoptosis and pyroptosis. However, it is still unknown whether TLR4 inhibition decreases apoptosis in sepsis. Methods Stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with or without lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were cultured with or without TLR4 inhibition using monoclonal antibodies from 20 patients with sepsis. Caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activities were measured. The expression of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and Bcl2-associated X (Bax) was measured. The cell death of PBMCs was detected using a flow cytofluorimeter. Results After TLR4 inhibition, Bcl2 to Bax ratio elevated both in LPS and HMGB1-stimulated PBMCs. The activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 did not change in LPS or HMGB1-stimulated PBMCs. The cell death of LPS and HMGB1-stimulated CD8 lymphocytes and monocytes increased after TLR4 inhibition. The cell death of CD4 lymphocytes was unchanged. Conclusion The apoptosis did not decrease, while TLR4 was inhibited. After TLR4 inhibition, there was an unknown mechanism to keep cell death in stimulated PBMCs in patients with sepsis.
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Mas-Celis F, Olea-López J, Parroquin-Maldonado JA. Sepsis in Trauma: A Deadly Complication. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:808-816. [PMID: 34706851 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a major cause of death following a traumatic injury. As a life-threatening medical emergency, it is defined as the body's extreme response to an infection. Without timely treatment, sepsis can rapidly lead to tissue damage, and organ failure The capacity to limit tissue damage through metabolic adaptation and repair processes is associated with an excessive immune response of the host. It is important to make an early prediction of sepsis, based on the quick Sepsis associated Organ Failure Assessment Score (qSOFA), so an accurate treatment can be initiated reducing the morbidity and mortality at the emergency and UCI services. Many factors increase the rate of complications and the development of sepsis in a trauma patient, representing a challenge to orthopedic surgeons. Several early biomarkers that help to identify and predict the inflammatory and immune responses of the host going through polytrauma and sepsis have been studied; procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), the Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Caspase-1, Vanin-1, High-density lipoproteins (HDL), and the Thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI). Once sepsis is diagnosed, treatment must be immediately initiated with an appropriate empiric antimicrobial, an all-purpose supporting treatment, and metabolic control, followed by the specific antibiotic therapy based on blood culture. Since the participation of sepsis in polytrauma has been recognized as a key event in the outcome of patients at the ICU, the ability of the specialist to early recognize a septic process has become a key feature to reduce mortality and improve clinical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Mas-Celis
- Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Hospital Angeles del Pedregal, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Jimena Olea-López
- Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Hospital Angeles del Pedregal, Ciudad de México, México
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25
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Shen Y, Zhang Y, Du J, Jiang B, Shan T, Li H, Bao H, Si Y. CXCR5 down-regulation alleviates cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy: potential role of microglial autophagy and the p38MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:246. [PMID: 34711216 PMCID: PMC8554863 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive deficits are common in patients with sepsis. Previous studies in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) implicated the C-X-C chemokine receptor type (CXCR) 5. The present study used a mouse model of SAE to examine whether CXCR5 down-regulation could attenuate cognitive deficits. Methods Sepsis was induced in adult male C57BL/6 J and CXCR5−/− mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 14–18 days after surgery, animals were tested in a Morris water maze, followed by a fear conditioning test. Transmission electron microscopy of hippocampal sections was used to assess levels of autophagy. Primary microglial cultures challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to examine the effects of short interfering RNA targeting CXCR5, and to investigate the possible involvement of the p38MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway. Results CLP impaired learning and memory and up-regulated CXCR5 in hippocampal microglia. CLP activated hippocampal autophagy, as reflected by increases in numbers of autophagic vacuoles, conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) from form I to form II, accumulation of beclin-1 and autophagy-related gene-5, and a decrease in p62 expression. CLP also shifted microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype, and increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and phosphorylated p38MAPK. CXCR5 knockout further enhanced autophagy but partially reversed all the other CLP-induced effects, including cognitive deficits. Similar effects on autophagy and cytokine expression were observed after knocking down CXCR5 in LPS-challenged primary microglial cultures; this knockdown also partially reversed LPS-induced up-regulation of phosphorylated NF-κB and STAT3. The p38MAPK agonist P79350 partially reversed the effects of CXCR5 knockdown in microglial cultures. Conclusions CXCR5 may act via p38MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling to inhibit hippocampal autophagy during sepsis and thereby contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Down-regulating CXCR5 can restore autophagy and mitigate the proinflammatory microenvironment in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayue Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baochun Jiang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haojia Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongguang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanna Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China.
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Elyaspour Z, Zibaeenezhad MJ, Razmkhah M, Razeghian-Jahromi I. Is It All About Endothelial Dysfunction and Thrombosis Formation? The Secret of COVID-19. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211042940. [PMID: 34693754 PMCID: PMC8543709 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211042940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is in a hard battle against COVID-19. Endothelial cells are among the most critical targets of SARS-CoV-2. Dysfunction of endothelium leads to vascular injury following by coagulopathies and thrombotic conditions in the vital organs increasing the risk of life-threatening events. Growing evidences revealed that endothelial dysfunction and consequent thrombotic conditions are associated with the severity of outcomes. It is not yet fully clear that these devastating sequels originate directly from the virus or a side effect of virus-induced cytokine storm. Due to endothelial dysfunction, plasma levels of some biomarkers are changed and relevant clinical manifestations appear as well. Stabilization of endothelial integrity and supporting its function are among the promising therapeutic strategies. Other than respiratory, COVID-19 could be called a systemic vascular disease and this aspect should be scrutinized in more detail in order to reduce related mortality. In the present investigation, the effects of COVID-19 on endothelial function and thrombosis formation are discussed. In this regard, critical players, laboratory findings, clinical manifestation, and suggestive therapies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Elyaspour
- 48435Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- 48435Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Razeghian-Jahromi
- 48435Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Autophagy Regulation on Pyroptosis: Mechanism and Medical Implication in Sepsis. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9925059. [PMID: 34257519 PMCID: PMC8253640 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9925059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening disease involving multiple organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. To date, sepsis remains a dominant cause of death among critically ill patients. Pyroptosis is a unique form of programmed cell death mediated by the gasdermin family of proteins and causes lytic cell death and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Although there might be some positive aspects to pyroptosis, it is regarded as harmful during sepsis and needs to be restricted. Autophagy was originally characterized as a homeostasis-maintaining mechanism in living cells. In the past decade, its function in negatively modulating pyroptosis and inflammation during sepsis has attracted increased attention. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the regulatory effect of autophagy on pyroptosis during sepsis, including the latest advances in our understanding of the mechanism and signaling pathways involved, as well as the potential therapeutic application in sepsis.
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Protective Effect of Piplartine against LPS-Induced Sepsis through Attenuating the MAPKs/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060588. [PMID: 34207356 PMCID: PMC8234963 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Piplartine (or Piperlongumine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from Piper longum L., which has been proposed to exhibit various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory effects; however, the effect of piplartine on sepsis has not been examined. This study was performed to examine the anti-inflammatory activities of piplartine in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo using murine J774A.1 macrophage cell line, peritoneal macrophages, bone marrow-derived macrophages and an animal sepsis model. The results demonstrated that piplartine suppresses iNOS and COX-2 expression, reduces PGE2, TNF-α and IL-6 production, decreases the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB and attenuates NF-κB activity by LPS-activated macrophages. Piplartine also inhibits IL-1β production and suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation by LPS/ATP- and LPS/nigericin-activated macrophages. Moreover, piplartine reduces the production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, decreases LPS-induced tissue damage, attenuates infiltration of inflammatory cells and enhances the survival rate. Collectively, these results demonstrate piplartine exhibits anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-induced inflammation and sepsis and suggest that piplartine might have benefits for sepsis treatment.
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29
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Wang R, Wang Y, Hu L, Lu Z, Wang X. Inhibition of complement C5a receptor protects lung cells and tissues against lipopolysaccharide-induced injury via blocking pyroptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8588-8598. [PMID: 33714207 PMCID: PMC8034960 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is the injury of alveolar epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells caused by various factors. Complement system and pyroptosis have been proved to be involved in ALI, and inhibition of C5a/C5a receptor (C5aR) could alleviate ALI. This study aimed to investigate whether C5a/C5aR inhibition could protect against LPS-induced ALI via mediating pyroptosis. Rats were assigned into four groups: Control, LPS, LPS+W-54011 1mg/kg, and LPS+W-54011 5mg/kg. Beas-2B cells pretreated with or without C5a and W-54011, alone and in combination, were challenged with LPS+ATP. Results unveiled that LPS caused lung tissue injury and inflammatory response, increased pyroptotic and apoptotic factors, along with elevated C5a concentration and C5aR expressions. However, W-54011 pretreatment alleviated lung damage and pulmonary edema, reduced inflammation and prevented cell pyroptosis. In vitro studies confirmed that LPS+ATP reduced cell viability, promoted cell death, generated inflammatory factors and promoted expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins, which could be prevented by W-54011 pretreatment while intensified by C5a pretreatment. The co-treatment of C5a and W-54011 could blunt the effects of C5a on LPS+ATP-induced cytotoxicity. In conclusion, inhibition of C5a/C5aR developed protective effects against LPS-induced ALI and the cytotoxicity of Beas-2B cells, and these effects may depend on blocking pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renying Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Yunxing Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Lan Hu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Zhenbing Lu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
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30
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Hu XM, Li ZX, Lin RH, Shan JQ, Yu QW, Wang RX, Liao LS, Yan WT, Wang Z, Shang L, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Xiong K. Guidelines for Regulated Cell Death Assays: A Systematic Summary, A Categorical Comparison, A Prospective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634690. [PMID: 33748119 PMCID: PMC7970050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, the field of regulated cell death continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple regulated cell death pathways are being unveiled. Meanwhile, researchers are focused on targeting these regulated pathways which are closely associated with various diseases for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. However, the complexity of the mechanisms and the difficulties of distinguishing among various regulated types of cell death make it harder to carry out the work and delay its progression. Here, we provide a systematic guideline for the fundamental detection and distinction of the major regulated cell death pathways following morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation of different assay methods is critically reviewed, helping researchers to make a reliable selection from among the cell death assays. Also, we highlight the recent events that have demonstrated some novel regulated cell death processes, including newly reported biomarkers (e.g., non-coding RNA, exosomes, and proteins) and detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui-Han Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Qi Shan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing-Wei Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui-Xuan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lv-Shuang Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Tao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanxia Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China
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Cui J, Oehrl S, Ahmad F, Brenner T, Uhle F, Nusshag C, Rupp C, Funck F, Meisel S, Weigand MA, Morath C, Schäkel K. Detection of In Vivo Inflammasome Activation for Predicting Sepsis Mortality. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613745. [PMID: 33613537 PMCID: PMC7889521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe life-threatening syndrome caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Biomarkers that allow for monitoring the patient's immune status are needed. Recently, a flow cytometry-based detection of in vivo inflammasome activation by formation of cytoplasmic aggregates of ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain) has been proposed. Here we report on the frequency of ASC-speck+ leukocytes correlating with the survival of sepsis. 25 patients with sepsis were sampled consecutively for 7 days. Blood, serum samples and patient data were collected according to the guidelines of the PredARRT-Sep-Trial. Flow cytometric analysis was performed on fresh whole blood samples to investigate the formation of ASC-specks in leukocyte subsets. Serum samples were analyzed for production of IL-1ß, IL-18 and additional inflammatory markers. ASC-speck formation was found to be increased in leukocytes from sepsis patients compared to healthy donor controls. The absolute number of ASC-speck+ neutrophils peaked on day 1. For monocytes, the highest percentage and maximum absolute number of ASC-speck+ cells were detected on day 6 and day 7. Inflammatory cytokines were elevated on day 1 and declined thereafter, with exception of IL-18. Survival analysis showed that patients with lower absolute numbers of ASC-speck+ monocytes (<1,650 cells/ml) on day 6 had a lower probability to survive, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 10.178. Thus, the frequency of ASC-speck+ monocytes on day 6 after onset of sepsis may serve to identify patients at risk of death from sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Stephanie Oehrl
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Uhle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Rupp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Funck
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Meisel
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Morath
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Anderson FL, von Herrmann KM, Andrew AS, Kuras YI, Young AL, Scherzer CR, Hickey WF, Lee SL, Havrda MC. Plasma-borne indicators of inflammasome activity in Parkinson's disease patients. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:2. [PMID: 33398042 PMCID: PMC7782812 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-020-00147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms and loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Inflammation and cell death are recognized aspects of PD suggesting that strategies to monitor and modify these processes may improve the management of the disease. Inflammasomes are pro-inflammatory intracellular pattern recognition complexes that couple these processes. The NLRP3 inflammasome responds to sterile triggers to initiate pro-inflammatory processes characterized by maturation of inflammatory cytokines, cytoplasmic membrane pore formation, vesicular shedding, and if unresolved, pyroptotic cell death. Histologic analysis of tissues from PD patients and individuals with nigral cell loss but no diagnosis of PD identified elevated expression of inflammasome-related proteins and activation-related “speck” formation in degenerating mesencephalic tissues compared with controls. Based on previous reports of circulating inflammasome proteins in patients suffering from heritable syndromes caused by hyper-activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, we evaluated PD patient plasma for evidence of inflammasome activity. Multiple circulating inflammasome proteins were detected almost exclusively in extracellular vesicles indicative of ongoing inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. Analysis of plasma obtained from a multi-center cohort identified elevated plasma-borne NLRP3 associated with PD status. Our findings are consistent with others indicating inflammasome activity in neurodegenerative disorders. Findings suggest mesencephalic inflammasome protein expression as a histopathologic marker of early-stage nigral degeneration and suggest plasma-borne inflammasome-related proteins as a potentially useful class of biomarkers for patient stratification and the detection and monitoring of inflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith L Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Katharine M von Herrmann
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Yuliya I Kuras
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison L Young
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William F Hickey
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Stephen L Lee
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Matthew C Havrda
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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Dieteren S, Franz N, Köhler K, Nowak A, Ehnert S, Surov A, Krüger M, Marzi I, Wagner N, Relja B. Ethyl Pyruvate Reduces Systemic Leukocyte Activation via Caspase-1 and NF-κB After Blunt Chest Trauma and Haemorrhagic Shock. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:562904. [PMID: 33117829 PMCID: PMC7562791 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.562904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Blunt chest (thoracic) trauma (TxT) and haemorrhagic shock with subsequent resuscitation (H/R) induce strong systemic and local inflammatory response, which is closely associated with apoptotic cell loss and subsequently impaired organ function. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, therefore, the treatment of patients suffering from TxT+H/R is challenging. In our recent studies, we have demonstrated local anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl pyruvate (EtP) in lung and liver after TxT+H/R. Here, the therapeutic potential of a reperfusion regime with EtP on the early post-traumatic systemic inflammatory response and apoptotic changes after TxT followed by H/R were investigated. Methods: Female Lewis rats underwent TxT followed by haemorrhagic shock (60 min). Resuscitation was performed with own blood transfusion and either lactated Ringers solution (LR) or LR supplemented with EtP (50 mg/kg). Sham group underwent the surgical procedures. After 2 h blood as well as lung and liver tissues were obtained for analyses. Systemic activation of neutrophils (expression of CD11b and CD62L), leukocyte phagocytosis, apoptosis (caspase-3/7 activation), pyroptosis (caspase-1 activation) and NF-κB p65 activity were assessed. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: TxT+H/R-induced systemic activation of neutrophils (increased CD11b and reduced CD62L expression) was significantly reduced by EtP. Trauma-induced delayed neutrophil apoptosis was further reduced by EtP reperfusion but remained unaltered in monocytes. Reperfusion with EtP significantly increased the phagocytizing capacity of granulocytes. Trauma-induced inflammasome activation, which was observed in monocytes and not in neutrophils, was significantly reduced by EtP in both cell entities. NF-κB p65 activation, which was increased in neutrophils and monocytes was significantly decreased in monocytes. Conclusion: TxT+H/R-induced systemic activation of both neutrophils and monocytes concomitant with increased systemic inflammation was reduced by a reperfusion with EtP and was associated with a down-regulation of NF-κB p65 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Dieteren
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Niklas Franz
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kernt Köhler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aleksander Nowak
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Siegfried Weller Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexey Surov
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nils Wagner
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Wang Y, Liu X, Wang Q, Yang X. Roles of the pyroptosis signaling pathway in a sepsis-associated encephalopathy cell model. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520949767. [PMID: 32865056 PMCID: PMC7469743 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520949767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The inhibition of pyroptosis has a protective effect in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). However, the mechanisms underlying pyroptosis in SAE remain to be elucidated. Methods Here, we investigated the effects of the caspase inhibitors, Belnacasan (Beln) and Wedelolactone (Wede), on an induced model of SAE in P12 cells, using immunofluorescence, ELISA, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Results The cell viability decreased, IL-1β and IL-18 secretion increased, and the levels of the caspase cleavage products, N-terminal gasdermin D, cleaved caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-11, increased in P12 cells following combined treatment with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). However, treatment with Beln or Wede ameliorated the effects induced by LPS and ATP. Neither Beln nor Wede notably affected the levels of cell apoptosis-associated proteins but these inhibitors regulated the levels of cell pyroptosis-associated proteins. Further, the combination of Beln and Wede exerted greater inhibitory effects on cell pyroptosis than either Beln or Wede alone. Conclusions The results demonstrated that both the canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways of cell pyroptosis are involved in LPS-induced cell damage and that the non-canonical signaling pathway may be involved to a greater extent. This suggests that the inhibition of pyroptosis may exert potential therapeutic effects on SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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35
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Marchetti M. COVID-19-driven endothelial damage: complement, HIF-1, and ABL2 are potential pathways of damage and targets for cure. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:1701-1707. [PMID: 32583086 PMCID: PMC7312112 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemia is a major health emergency causing hundreds of deaths worldwide. The high reported morbidity has been related to hypoxia and inflammation leading to endothelial dysfunction and aberrant coagulation in small and large vessels. This review addresses some of the pathways leading to endothelial derangement, such as complement, HIF-1α, and ABL tyrosine kinases. This review also highlights potential targets for prevention and therapy of COVID-19-related organ damage and discusses the role of marketed drugs, such as eculizumab and imatinib, as suitable candidates for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Marchetti
- Hematology Department, Az Osp SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy.
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36
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Caspase-1-Dependent Pyroptosis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Is Associated with the Severity and Mortality of Septic Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9152140. [PMID: 32258157 PMCID: PMC7066402 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9152140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Pyroptosis has been known to play a vital role in the inflammation process which was induced by infection, injury, or inflammatory disease. The present study was aimed at evaluating the percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) pyroptosis in septic patients and assessing the correlation of PBMC pyroptosis with the severity and the mortality of septic patients. Methods 128 trauma-induced patients with sepsis were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Blood samples were collected, and PBMC pyroptosis was measured by flow cytometry within 24 hours after sepsis was diagnosed. Results Percentage of PBMC pyroptosis was positively correlated with the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (all P < 0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) for the percentage of PBMC pyroptosis on a receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68–0.90). A Cox proportional hazard model identified an association between an increased percentage of PBMC pyroptosis (>14.17%) and increased risk of the 28-day mortality (hazard ratio = 1.234, 95% CI, 1.014–1.502). Conclusion The percentage of PBMC pyroptosis increases in septic patients, and the increased percentage of PBMC pyroptosis is associated with the severity of sepsis and the 28-day mortality of patients with sepsis.
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37
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Hachim MY, Khalil BA, Elemam NM, Maghazachi AA. Pyroptosis: The missing puzzle among innate and adaptive immunity crosstalk. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:323-338. [PMID: 32083338 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0120-625r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death with inflammasome formation. Pattern recognition receptors that identify repetitive motifs of prospective pathogens such as LPS of gram-negative bacteria are crucial to pyroptosis. Upon stimulation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns or damage-associated molecular patterns, proinflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-1 family members IL-1β and IL-18, are released through pyroptosis specific pore-forming protein, gasdermin D. Even though IL-1 family members are mainly involved in innate immunity, they can be factors in adaptive immunity. Given the importance of IL-1 family members in health and diseases, deciphering the role of pyroptosis in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity is of great importance, especially with the recent progress in identifying the exact mechanism of such a pathway. In this review, we will focus on how the innate inflammatory mediators can regulate the adaptive immune system and vice versa via pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bariaa A Khalil
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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38
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Caspase-1 inhibitor exerts brain-protective effects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of sepsis. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:859-870. [PMID: 31145977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) manifested clinically in acute and long-term cognitive impairments and associated with increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. The potential pathological changes of SAE are complex and remain to be elucidated. Pyroptosis, a novel programmed cell death, is executed by caspase-1-cleaved GSDMD N-terminal (GSDMD-NT) and we investigated it in peripheral blood immunocytes of septic patients previously. Here, a caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 was treated with CLP-induced septic mice. Novel object recognition test indicated that VX765 treatment reversed cognitive dysfunction in septic mice. Elevated plus maze, tail suspension test and open field test revealed that depressive-like behaviors of septic mice were relieved. Inhibited caspase-1 suppressed the expressions of GSDMD and its cleavage form GSDMD-NT, and reduced pyroptosis in brain at day 1 and day 7 after sepsis. Meantime, inhibited caspase-1 mitigated the expressions of IL-1β, MCP-1 and TNF-α in serum and brain, diminished microglia activation in septic mice, and reduced sepsis-induced brain-blood barrier disruption and ultrastructure damages in brain as well. Inhibited caspase-1 protected the synapse plasticity and preserved long-term potential, which may be the possible mechanism of cognitive functions protective effects of septic mice. In conclusion, caspase-1 inhibition exerts brain-protective effects against SAE and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of sepsis.
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39
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Li XQ, Yu Q, Fang B, Zhang ZL, Ma H. Knockdown of the AIM2 molecule attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced spinal neuronal pyroptosis by inhibiting AIM2 inflammasome activation and subsequent release of cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β. Neuropharmacology 2019; 160:107661. [PMID: 31181224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury induces activation of several inflammasomes that widely affect neuroinflammation and, subsequently, neuronal viability. The absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome is highly expressed in neurons after traumatic injury. This study was performed to investigate whether the AIM2 molecule acts as an initiator to trigger AIM2 inflammasome activation and regulate neuronal pyroptosis in a mouse IR model. The early motor dysfunction that occurred within the first 8 h post-IR injury was closely associated with a massive increase in dsDNA in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the same observed timepoints. However, the subsequent persistent dysfunction was consistent with the continuously increasing protein levels of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC), cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β with time. Upregulated AIM2 immunoreactivity was primarily visualized in neurons. The si-AIM2 treatment in vivo preserved part of motor function, accompanied by decreased protein levels of AIM2, ASC, cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β. In vitro, the direct interactions between the AIM2 molecule and caspase-1 were demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining and coimmunoprecipitation. In this context, both si-AIM2 and Ac-YVAD-CMK treatments effectively maintained neuronal viability, as demonstrated by the decreased percentage of cells with pyroptosis and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), accompanied by weak immunoreactivity and a decreased number of AIM2-caspase-1 positive neurons. By contrast, poly(dA-dT) treatment exacerbated neuronal pyroptosis by reversing the above-mentioned effects. However, no significant differences were observed after si-Con treatment. These results suggest AIM2 molecule played an important role in initiating AIM2 inflammasome activation through IR-induced release of ectopic dsDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Bo Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zai-Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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40
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Liu L, Sun B. Neutrophil pyroptosis: new perspectives on sepsis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2031-2042. [PMID: 30877336 PMCID: PMC11105444 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a caspase-1 or caspase-4/5/11-dependent programmed cell death associated with inflammation, which is initiated by inflammasomes or cytosolic LPS in innate immunity. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an imbalance in the body's response to infection. It is a complex interaction between the pathogen and the host's immune system. Neutrophils play the role of a double-edged sword in sepsis, and a number of studies have previously shown that regulation of neutrophils is the most crucial part of sepsis treatment. Pyroptosis is one of the important forms for neutrophils to function, which is increasingly understood as a host active immune response. There is ample evidence that neutrophil pyroptosis may play an important role in sepsis. In recent years, a breakthrough in pyroptosis research has revealed the main mechanism of pyroptosis. However, the potential value of neutrophil pyroptosis in the treatment of sepsis did not draw enough attention. A literature review was performed on the main mechanism of pyroptosis in sepsis and the potential value of neutrophils pyroptosis in sepsis, which may be suitable targets for sepsis treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Rd., Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingwei Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Rd., Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.
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Skirecki T, Cavaillon JM. Inner sensors of endotoxin – implications for sepsis research and therapy. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:239-256. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103 Street, 01–813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jean-Marc Cavaillon
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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Hu Q, Knight PH, Ren Y, Ren H, Zheng J, Wu X, Ren J, Sawyer RG. The emerging role of stimulator of interferons genes signaling in sepsis: Inflammation, autophagy, and cell death. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13194. [PMID: 30269441 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferons genes (STING) is an adaptor protein that plays a critical role in the secretion of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to cytosolic nucleic acid. Recent research indicates the involvement of the STING pathway in uncontrolled inflammation, sepsis, and shock. STING signaling is significantly up-regulated in human sepsis, and STING agonists are suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis and shock. Nevertheless, little is known about the consequences of activated STING-mediated signaling during sepsis. It has been shown that aberrant activation of the STING-dependent way can result in increased inflammation, type I interferons responses, and cell death (including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis). In addition, autophagy modulation has been demonstrated to protect against multiple organs injuries in animal sepsis model. However, impaired autophagy may contribute to the aberrant activation of STING signaling, leading to uncontrolled inflammation and cell death. Here we present a comprehensive review of recent advances in the understanding of STING signaling, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms and the roles of this pathway in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyuan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Patrick H. Knight
- Department of Surgery Western Michigan University Homer Stryker, MD, School of Medicine Kalamazoo Michigan
| | - Yanhan Ren
- Chicago Medical School Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago Illinois
| | - Huajian Ren
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Jiashuo Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Robert G. Sawyer
- Department of Surgery Western Michigan University Homer Stryker, MD, School of Medicine Kalamazoo Michigan
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Li P, Goodwin AJ, Cook JA, Halushka PV, Zhang XK, Fan H. Fli-1 transcription factor regulates the expression of caspase-1 in lung pericytes. Mol Immunol 2019; 108:1-7. [PMID: 30739075 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our previous data demonstrated that Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1), an ETS transcription factor, governs pericyte loss and vascular dysfunction in cecal ligation and puncture-induced murine sepsis by regulating essential pyroptosis markers including caspase-1. However, whether Fli-1 regulates caspase-1 expression levels in vitro and how Fli-1 regulates caspase-1 remain unknown. Our present work further demonstrated that overexpressed Fli-1 significantly increased caspase-1 and IL-18 expression levels in cultured mouse lung pericytes. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been found to induce cell pyroptosis through transferring LPS intracellularly. Using OMVs to induce an in vitro model of pyroptosis, we observed that OMVs significantly increased protein levels of Fli-1 in mouse lung pericytes. Furthermore, knockdown of Fli-1 by siRNA blocked OMVs-induced caspase-1, caspase-11 and IL-18 expression levels. As caspase-1 was predicted as a potential target of Fli-1, we cloned murine caspase-1 promoter into a luciferase construct. Our data demonstrate for the first time that Fli-1 regulates caspase-1 expression by directly binding to its promoter regions measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and luciferase reporter system. In summary, our findings demonstrated a novel role and mechanism of Fli-1 in regulating caspase-1 expression in lung pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - Andrew J Goodwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - James A Cook
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - Perry V Halushka
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States; Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - Xian K Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
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