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Lin X, Bao M, Zhang X, Qirula S, Jiao C, Zhang D, Han J. Study on the bioactive ingredients and mechanism of Huangqi against diabetic retinopathy based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. J Chin Med Assoc 2024; 87:789-798. [PMID: 38780966 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most well-known microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Huangqi (HQ), has been used for treating DR for a long time. However, its anti-DR active ingredients and mechanism are still unknown. Therefore, we designed this study to explore the active components and mechanism of HQ against DR via network pharmacology analysis. METHODS The ingredients of HQ, and potential targets of HQ and DR were obtained from public databases. We used the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGGs) pathway enrichment, and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis to identify core targets and pathways of HQ against DR. Finally, molecular docking and vitro experiments were applied to validate our results. RESULTS A total of 34 potential targets of HQ against DR were obtained. Based on PPI network, VEGFA, PTGS2, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and CCL2 were considered as core targets. GO analysis involved 692 biological processes, 21 cellular components, and 35 molecular functions. KEGG enrichment analysis manifested that the anti-DR effect of HQ was mainly mediated via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. The molecular docking results indicated that kaempferol had higher affinity with CCL2, IL-6, VEGFA, and PTGS2. The vitro experiments showed that the mRNA expressions of CCL2, IL-6, VEGFA, and PTGS2 in ARPE-19 cells were differentially decreased after kaempferol treatment. CONCLUSION This study preliminarily unveiled that the therapeutic efficacy of HQ against DR might be attributed to the reduced expression of CCL2, IL-6, VEGFA, and PTGS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
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Ru S, Sun J, Zhou W, Wei D, Shi H, Liang Y, Wu J, Sun W, Chu L. Effects of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304972. [PMID: 38905170 PMCID: PMC11192357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), while some ophthalmologists are concerned that TCM may be a risk factor for CSC as some chinese herbs contain hormonal ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM in treating patients with CSC. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of TCM for CSC were searched up to July 10, 2023 on the following biological databases without language and publication time restrictions: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, The Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Wanfang, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed). Review Manager V.5.4.1 and Stata 14 software were used for data analysis. Finally, thirty-eight studies were finally included including 23 RCTs and 15 cohort studies. The meta-analysis showed that compared with the routine treatment alone, the combination of TCM can not only reduce the recurrence rate (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.21,0.40; I2 = 0%) and central retinal thickness (CRT) (MD = - 35.63, 95% CI: - 45.96,-25.30; I2 = 89%) of CSC, but improve patients' best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (SMD = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.62,1.11; I2 = 77%); additionally, it has no obvious side effects compared with routine treatment (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.39,1.34; I2 = 10%). Overall, this study shows that the use of TCM does not increase the risk of CSC recurrence; on the contrary, the combination of TCM may reduce the recurrence of CSC and improve BCVA and CRT in patients with CSC compared with conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Ru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanyu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xiao L, Wang CW, Deng Y, Yang YJ, Lu J, Yan JF, Peng QH. HHO optimized support vector machine classifier for traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation of diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:991-1000. [PMID: 38895691 PMCID: PMC11144764 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.06.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop a classifier for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation of diabetic retinopathy (DR), using optimized machine learning algorithms, which can provide the basis for TCM objective and intelligent syndrome differentiation. METHODS Collated data on real-world DR cases were collected. A variety of machine learning methods were used to construct TCM syndrome classification model, and the best performance was selected as the basic model. Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used for feature selection to obtain the optimal feature combination. Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) was used for parameter optimization, and a classification model based on feature selection and parameter optimization was constructed. The performance of the model was compared with other optimization algorithms. The models were evaluated with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score as indicators. RESULTS Data on 970 cases that met screening requirements were collected. Support Vector Machine (SVM) was the best basic classification model. The accuracy rate of the model was 82.05%, the precision rate was 82.34%, the recall rate was 81.81%, and the F1 value was 81.76%. After GA screening, the optimal feature combination contained 37 feature values, which was consistent with TCM clinical practice. The model based on optimal combination and SVM (GA_SVM) had an accuracy improvement of 1.92% compared to the basic classifier. SVM model based on HHO and GA optimization (HHO_GA_SVM) had the best performance and convergence speed compared with other optimization algorithms. Compared with the basic classification model, the accuracy was improved by 3.51%. CONCLUSION HHO and GA optimization can improve the model performance of SVM in TCM syndrome differentiation of DR. It provides a new method and research idea for TCM intelligent assisted syndrome differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Wu Wang
- School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Jing Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jun-Feng Yan
- School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qing-Hua Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
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Zhao M, Chandra A, Liu L, Zhang L, Xu J, Li J. Investigation of the reasons for delayed presentation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291280. [PMID: 38421962 PMCID: PMC10903851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate reasons for delayed presentation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS A questionnaire was designed to investigate consecutive PDR patients with delayed presentation who visited our center between January 2021 and December 2021. The questionnaire was divided into four sections: knowledge regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR), attitude toward DR treatment, difficulties adhering to follow-up plans, and medical care. The systemic disease status and severity of DR were recorded. Logistic analysis was undertaken to investigate DR treatment refusal and delay factors. RESULTS A total of 157 patients were included in this study, with an average age of 50.0 ± 11.6 years. The median glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c) was 7.8% (IQR 2.5%). Among the 157 eyes, most required vitrectomy intervention (144, 91.7%); 17 developed neovascular glaucoma (NVG), while only 13 required additional photocoagulation. Among the 36 patients with undiagnosed DM, the reason for delayed DR presentation was a lack of awareness of DM status among these patients (36 cases, 100.0%). Most of the patients with a known history of DM exhibited inadequate DR knowledge (29, 24.0%), believed their good visual acuity did not require DR screening (98, 81.0%), and had poorly controlled diabetes (113, 93.3%). Factors related to refusing DR treatment were patients with an inability to receive regular diabetes treatment in internal medicine clinics (OR 6.78, 95% CI 1.73-26.59, p = 0.006), patients who could not tolerate discomfort during ophthalmic examination and treatment (OR 15.15, 95% CI 2.70-83.33, p<0.001), and patients who did not have any retinal abnormalities detected and were not informed about the need for regular screening (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.36-3.09, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study investigated the factors contributing to delayed presentation among patients with PDR. Many individuals in the delayed population were found to have undiagnosed DM. Among patients already aware of their DM status, reasons for delay included insufficient knowledge about DR, negative attitudes toward screening and treatment, and difficulties seeking medical care in real-life situations. Furthermore, there needed to be more improvements in the detection, treatment, and follow-up of DR by internal medicine practitioners and ophthalmologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospiospital, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Aman Chandra
- Mid & South Essex NHS Foundation Trust (Southend University Hospital) Prittlewell Chase Essex SS00RY, Southend-on-Sea, United Kingdom
- Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Liu
- Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospiospital, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospiospital, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jipeng Li
- Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospiospital, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
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Yu J, Ke L, Zhou J, Ding C, Yang H, Yan D, Yu C. Stachydrine Relieved the Inflammation and Promoted the Autophagy in Diabetes Retinopathy Through Activating the AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2593-2604. [PMID: 37649589 PMCID: PMC10464895 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s420253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is a chronic, progressive, and potentially harmful retinal disease associated with persistent hyperglycemia. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway that widely exists in eukaryotic cells, which has recently been demonstrated to participate in the DR development. Stachydrine (STA) is a water-soluble alkaloid extracted from Leonurus heterophyllus. This study aimed to explore the effects of STA on the autophagy in DR progression in vivo and in vitro. Methods High glucose-treated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and STA-treated rats were used to establish DR model. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory factor levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were determined using corresponding kits. Additionally, the cell growth was analyzed using CCK-8 and EdU assays. Besides, LC3BII, p62, p-AMPKα, AMPKα, and SIRT1 protein levels were measured using Western blot. The LC3BII and SIRT1 expressions were also determined using immunofluorescence. Results The results showed that STZ decreased the ROS and inflammatory factor levels in the HG-treated HRMECs. Besides, after STA treatment, the beclin-1, LC3BII, p-AMPKα, and SIRT1 levels were increased, and p62 was decreased in the HG-treated HRMECs and the retinal tissue of STZ-treated rats. Conclusion In conclusion, this study demonstrated that STA effectively relieved the inflammation and promoted the autophagy in DR progression in vivo and in vitro through activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Image Center, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbiao Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengbi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
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He S, Gu C, Su T, Zhou C, Lhamo T, Draga D, Yin L, Qiu Q. Exploration of the Potential Mechanisms of Lingqihuangban Granule for Treating Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Network Pharmacology. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:14-29. [PMID: 35392781 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220407112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lingqihuangban Granule (LQHBG), a remarkable Chinese herbal compound, has been used for decades to treat diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases) with obvious effects. Through the method of network pharmacology, the present study constructed bioactive component-relative targets and protein-protein interaction network of the LQHBG and implemented gene function analysis and pathway enrichment of targets, discussing the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine LQHBG in treating DR. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bioactive ingredients of LQHBG were screened and obtained using TCMSP and ETCM databases, while the potential targets of bioactive ingredients were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction and ETCM databases. Compared with the disease target databases of TTD, Drugbank, OMIM and DisGeNET, the therapeutic targets of LQHBG for DR were extracted. Based on the DAVID platform, GO annotation and KEGG pathway analyses of key targets were explored, combined with the screening of core pathways on the Omicshare database and pathway annotation on the Reactome database. RESULTS A total of 357 bioactive components were screened from LQHBG, involving 86 possible targets of LQHBG treating DR. In the PPI network, INS and ALB were identified as key genes. The effective targets were enriched in multiple signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. CONCLUSION This study revealed the possible targets and pathways of LQHBG treating DR, reflecting the characteristics of multicomponent, multitarget and multipathway treatment of a Chinese herbal compound, and provided new ideas for further discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chufeng Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chuandi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Thashi Lhamo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Xizang, PR China
| | - Deji Draga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Xizang, PR China
| | - Lili Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Xizang, PR China
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Ye Z, Ma J, Liu Y, Xu B, Dai X, Fu M, Tian T, Sui X, Mo F, Gao S, Zhao D, Zhang D. Jiangtang Sanhao formula ameliorates skeletal muscle insulin resistance via regulating GLUT4 translocation in diabetic mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:950535. [PMID: 36160420 PMCID: PMC9492927 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jiangtang Sanhao formula (JTSHF), one of the prescriptions for treating the patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in traditional Chinese medicine clinic, has been demonstrated to effectively ameliorate the clinical symptoms of diabetic patients with overweight or hyperlipidemia. The preliminary studies demonstrated that JTSHF may enhance insulin sensitivity and improve glycolipid metabolism in obese mice. However, the action mechanism of JTSHF on skeletal muscles in diabetic mice remains unclear. To this end, high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were subjected to JTSHF intervention. The results revealed that JTSHF granules could reduce food and water intake, decrease body fat mass, and improve glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscles of diabetic mice. These effects may be linked to the stimulation of GLUT4 expression and translocation via regulating AMPKα/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. The results may offer a novel explanation of JTSHF to prevent against diabetes and IR-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimengwei Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinkun Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yage Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bingrui Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Fu
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Information and Educational Technology Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Zhao, ; Dongwei Zhang,
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Zhao, ; Dongwei Zhang,
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Liu F, Tian M. Study on the mechanism of Qiju Dihuang pill in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases based on systems pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30033. [PMID: 35945711 PMCID: PMC9351859 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Qiju Dihuang pill is one of the common Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat ophthalmic diseases. In vivo studies have suggested that Qiju Dihuang pill can be used for treating glaucoma, and it can also be used clinically to treat cataract patients. However, the bioactive ingredients and the therapeutic mechanism of Qiju Dihuang pill on treating these ophthalmic diseases remained unclear. Presently, a systems pharmacology approach which combines pharmacokinetic screening, targeted fishing, biological function enrichment, network pharmacology, and molecular docking analysis, was employed. A total of 134 active ingredients with 72 corresponding targets are identified from Qiju Dihuang pill. Additionally, 3 core targets including CHRM1, ESR1, and AR are obtained from the ingredients and drug targets network analysis. Besides, gen ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis reveal 3 important biological pathways, that is, calcium signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway and Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. In final, a molecular docking model was constructed to study the interaction mechanism between active components and drug targets at the molecular level. All the findings show that Qiju Dihuang pill achieves therapeutic effects on treating ophthalmic diseases by regulating the crucial targets of the compounds in it. This work not only provides insight into the therapeutic mechanism of herbal medicine in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases from a multiscale perspective, but also offers an effective approach for drug discovery and development of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Ophthalmology Laboratory of Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
- * Correspondence: Fei Liu, MSc, Faculty of Medical Technology, Ophthalmology Laboratory of Anhui Medical College, Furong Road 632 #, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China (e-mail: )
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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International Diagnostic Guidelines for Blood-Stasis Syndrome. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:297-303. [PMID: 35357680 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-2890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Wang X, Chen W, Lao W, Chen Y. Silencing LncRNA PVT1 Reverses High Glucose-Induced Regulation of the High Expression of PVT1 in HRMECs by Targeting miR-128-3p. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:119-125. [PMID: 35130573 DOI: 10.1055/a-1730-5091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the possibility of lncRNA PVT1 as a diagnostic biomarker for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and explore the underlying mechanism. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was selected to determine the expression level of lncRNA PVT1 in the serum of all subjects. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve reflected the diagnostic significance of PVT1 for DR patients. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effect of PVT1 expression on the proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). The luciferase reporter gene was selected to verify the interaction between PVT1 and miR-128-3p. The relative expression level of PVT1 in serum was higher in both the DB and DR group than in the healthy controls group (HC), and it was highest in the DR group. ROC curve indicated that serum PVT1 could distinguish between HC and DB patients, DB patients and DR patients, respectively. In vitro, high glucose induction significantly increased the proliferation and migration capabilities of HRMECs, but silencing PVT1 (si-PVT1) downregulated the proliferation and migration capabilities of HRMECs. The detection of luciferase reporter gene showed that lncRNA PVT1 targeted miR-128-3p, and there was a negative correlation in the serum of DR patients. In conclusion, this study confirmed that lncRNA PVT1 might regulate the process of DR by targeting miR-128-3p, and has the potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wangling Chen
- Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wei Lao
- Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yunxin Chen
- Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
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Li X, Zhang J, He R, Su X, Li Z, Xie X. Effect of Chinese herbal compounds on ocular fundus signs and vision in conventional treated-persons with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:977971. [PMID: 36034416 PMCID: PMC9403050 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.977971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in fundus signs and loss of visual acuity are an important basis for screening and treating diabetic patients with retinopathy, and conventional Western medicine is moderately effective in treating diabetic retinopathy(DR),To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal compounds(CHCs) in the combined treatment of diabetic retinopathy. METHOD Six electronic databases, including PubMed, were searched to screen eligible literature. Randomized controlled trials of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) were included, in which the control group was treated with conventional Western-based drugs or retinal laser photocoagulation, and the intervention group was treated with CHCs in combination based on the control group.The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the literature, and the RevMan 5.4 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Compared with Conventional group alone,CHCs group was superior at improving clinical efficacy [RR=1.29, 95%CI=(1.23, 1.36),P<0.01] and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) [MD=0.10,95%CI=(0.09,0.12),P<0.01],it was also superior at reducing the number of microangiomas [MD=-2.37, 95%CI=(-3.26, -1.49),P<0.01], microangioma volume [MD=-4.72, 95%CI=(-5.14, -4.29), P<0.01], hemorrhagic spots [MD=-2.05, 95%CI=(-2.51,-1.59), P<0.01], hemorrhagic area [MD=-0.76, 95%CI=(-1.06, -0.47), P<0.01], hard exudates [MD= -1.86, 95%CI=(-2.43, -1.28), P<0.01], cotton lint spots [MD= -0.93, 95%CI= (-1.31, -0.55), P<0.01], central macular thickness(CMT) [SMD=-1.52, 95%CI=(-1.85, -1.19),P<0.01], Chinese medicine evidence score [SMD=-1.33,95%CI=(-1.58, -1.08),P<0.01], fasting blood glucose (FBG) [SMD=-0.47, 95%CI=(-0.61,-0.33),P<0.01], 2h postprandial blood glucose(2hPBG) [SMD=-0.87, 95% CI=(-1.06, -0.67), P<0.01], glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) [SMD=-0.76, 95%CI=(-1.16, -0.3),P<0.01], total cholesterol(TC) [SMD=-0.33,95%CI=(-0.51,-0.16),P<0.01],and CHCs group with less adverse events occurred [RR=0.46, 95%CI=(0.29, 0.74),P<0.01]. CONCLUSION CHCs combined with conventional medicine for NPDR has better clinical efficacy and higher safety, but the above findings need further validation in more large sample, multicenter, and low-bias RCTs due to the limitation of the quality and quantity of included literature. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022342137.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Runxi He
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejun Xie
- Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xuejun Xie,
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12
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Zhang C, Wang N, Xu Y, Tan H, Feng Y. Identification of Key Contributive Compounds in a Herbal Medicine: A Novel Mathematic—Biological Evaluation Approach. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong 1/F, 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong 1/F, 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yu Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong 1/F, 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Hor‐Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong 1/F, 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong 1/F, 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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13
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Zhou Y, Li H, Luo L, Chen Y, Chen Q, Bian W, Yang Y, Tang J. Acupoint injection therapy for diabetic retinopathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24119. [PMID: 33429782 PMCID: PMC7793313 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common diabetic microvascular complication, and it is also the main cause of blindness in adults. At present, some studies have reported acupoint injection for the treatment of DR. However, the effectiveness and safety are still uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint injection for the treatment of patients with DR. METHODS The databases of English databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literatures Database) will be retrieved. Published randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials on the topic will be retrieved by 2 investigators independently. We will apply a fixed-effect model or random effect model basis on the heterogeneity test and employ with RevMan 5.3 software for data synthesis. The total effective rate will be selected as the primary outcome, visual acuity, hemorrhage areas, exudates, capillary nonperfusion areas, hemorheological indicators, mean defect of visual field, glycated hemoglobin, and adverse events as secondary outcomes. RESULTS This study will comprehensively summarize the high-quality trials to determine the effectiveness and safety of acupoint injection treatment for patients with DR. CONCLUSION The systematic review of this study will summarize the currently published evidence of acupoint injection treatment for DR to further guide its promotion and application. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY2020110026.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhou
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province
| | - Hui Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Lisi Luo
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
| | - Yue Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province
| | - Qiang Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province
| | - Wei Bian
- Chongqing Yongchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanlin Yang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province
| | - Ju Tang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province
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Xie M, Deng L, Yu Y, Xie X, Zhang M. The effects of Bushen Yiqi Huoxue prescription and its disassembled prescriptions on a diabetic retinopathy model in Sprague Dawley rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110920. [PMID: 33232926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most serious complications in the late stages of diabetes, with a complex mechanism. As a complication affecting local lesions, few studies have compared differences of cytokine expression in the serum and retina. Owing to the specific value of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to complex diseases, TCM research has recently boomed in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Bushen Yiqi Huoxue (BYH) prescription is a Chinese herbal compound that has been independently developed by our research group and has been proved to have a positive effect on DR; however, its specific mechanism and compatibility rule remain to be further explored. OBJECTIVE To construct a DR model of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, simultaneously detect multiple factor expression in the serum and retina of rats, explore the effect of BYH prescription and its disassembled prescriptions on DR, and discuss the influence of various compatibility combinations. METHODS BYH prescription was disassembled into two new compatibilities in the absence of Rehmanniae Radix (Yiqi Huoxue prescription, YH prescription) or Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Bushen Huoxue prescription, BH prescription). Male SD rats were induced using streptozotocin + high-fat and high-sugar diet to establish DR models and were divided into groups, then the intragastric administration and sampling. The body weight and fasting blood glucose of rats were continuously recorded during feeding; pathophysiological status observation of the retina by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level detection in the rat serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; and the Luminex technique was used to detect the ICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression concentrations in the retinal tissue and serum. RESULTS The results of blood glucose, body weight and HE staining proved that the model was successfully constructed, and the three combinations could reduce the retinal injury in DR rats. Serum AGEs and HbA1c levels of the model group increased compared with the control group (CG). Compared with the DR model group, only AGEs decreased in the BYH group, while the AGEs and HbA1c levels were significantly inhibited in the YH and BH groups, showing a significant correlation between the expression of AGEs and HbA1c in the serum of DR rats. In the serum of rats, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF concentrations in the DR model group increased, although no statistical difference was observed in the ICAM-1 data compared with the CG. Compared with the DR model group, the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression decreased in the BYH group. Moreover, the IL-6 and TNF-α expression decreased in the YH group and only the IL-6 expression decreased in the BH group. In the retina tissue, the model group had higher ICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF levels than the CG. Compared with the DR model group, TNF-α in the BYH group rats decreased, and the ICAM-1, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations decreased in the YH and BH groups. Furthermore, differences in the ICAM-1 and VEGF expression in the serum and retina existed. CONCLUSION BYH compound and its disassembled prescriptions could improve the DR model rats induced with streptozotocin + high-fat and high-sugar diet, respectively, by inhibiting chronic blood glucose, AGEs, or inflammation response. The expression level and location of each factor are different, confirming that the effect of TCM prescriptions is not the simple addition of each single drug or its chemical components, but the rationality of its internal compatibility combination. Further, ICAM-1 and VEGF have exactly different expression levels, suggesting more attention to be paid by other researchers or doctors in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Liping Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Yueting Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Xuejun Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, PR China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
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15
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Pang B, Ni Q, Di S, Du LJ, Qin YL, Li QW, Li M, Tong XL. Luo Tong Formula Alleviates Diabetic Retinopathy in Rats Through Micro-200b Target. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:551766. [PMID: 33324202 PMCID: PMC7723456 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.551766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes (DM). Luo Tong formula (LTF) exerts protective effects against DR in rats, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats injected with streptozotocin (STZ) were used as an experimental diabetes model. LTF or calcium dobesilate (CaD) was administered to diabetic rats via gastric gavage. After the 12 weeks of treatment, blood and tissue samples were collected to determine serum glucose and retinal structure. Blood samples were collected for blood glucose and hemorheology analysis. Gene or protein expression levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and/or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: DM rats exhibits significantly increased blood retinal-barrier (BRB) breakdown and VEGF/VEGFR expression in the retina, and decreased miR-200b and tight junction ZO-1/Occludin/ Claudin-5 genes expression, as well as Ang-1/Tie-2 expressions in the retina compared to normal control group. LTF treatment significantly moderated histological abnormalities in diabetic rats, independent of blood glucose level; improved some hemorrheological parameters; decreased the expressions of VEGF/VEGFR and BRB breakdown, significantly increased PEDF and tight junction proteins ZO-1/Occludin, as well as increased retinal miR-200b expression compared to non-treatment diabetic rats. Moreover, LTF prevented the reduction in Ang-1/Tie-2 expression. Conclusions: LTF treatment ameliorated DR through its repair vascular and attenuate vascular leakage. A mechanism involving miR-200b may contribute to benefit effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' Anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' Anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Di
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' Anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Juan Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' Anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Li Qin
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' Anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' Anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Kuang L, Liu Y, Wei W, Song X, Li X, Liu Q, Hong W, Liu Q, Li J, Chen Z, Fang Y, Xia S. Non-prescription sale of antibiotics and service quality in community pharmacies in Guangzhou, China: A simulated client method. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243555. [PMID: 33301450 PMCID: PMC7728288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the situation of the non-prescription sale of antibiotics and the service quality of community pharmacies in Guangzhou, China. METHODS A simulated client method was conducted to estimate the non-prescription sale of antibiotics and service quality based on scenarios about adult acute upper respiratory tract infection in 2019. A total of 595 community pharmacies from 11 districts were investigated in Guangzhou, China. We used binary logistic regression to evaluate the factors associated with the non-prescription sale of antibiotics. RESULTS The proportion of non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics was 63.1% in Guangzhou, China, with a higher incidence of antibiotic dispensing without prescription in outer districts (69.3%). Cephalosporin (44.1%) and Amoxicillin (39.0%) were sold more often than other antibiotics. Chain pharmacies had better performance on the prescription sale of antibiotics and service quality. Traditional Chinese medicine was commonly recommended by pharmacy staff. CONCLUSION Since the non-prescription sale of antibiotics is prevalent in Guangzhou, effective solutions should be determined. Strengthened public awareness and regulatory system innovation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Kuang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yizhuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xueqing Song
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (SX); (YF)
| | - Sujian Xia
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (SX); (YF)
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A Network Pharmacology to Explore the Mechanism of Astragalus Membranaceus in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8878569. [PMID: 33204295 PMCID: PMC7652614 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8878569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) includes a series of typical lesions affected by retinal microvascular damage caused by diabetes mellitus (DM), which not only seriously damages the vision, affecting the life's quality of patients, but also brings a considerable burden to the family and society. Astragalus Membranaceus (AM) is a commonly used medicine in clinical therapy of eye disorders in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In recent years, it is also used for treating DR, but the specific mechanism is unclear. Therefore, this study explores the potential mechanism of AM in DR treatment by using network pharmacology. Methods Based on the oral bioavailability (OB) and drug likeness (DL) of two ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) parameters, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP), Swiss Target Prediction platform, GeneCards, and OMIM database were used to predict and screen the active compounds of AM, the core targets of AM in DR treatment. The Metascape data platform was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis on the core targets. Results 24 active compounds were obtained, such as quercetin, kaempferol, and astragaloside IV. There were 169 effective targets of AM in DR treatment, and the targets were further screened and finally, 38 core targets were obtained, such as VEGFA, AKT1, and IL-6. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and other metabolic pathways participated in oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, angiogenesis signal transduction, inflammation, and other biological processes. Conclusion AM treats DR through multiple compounds, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. AM may play a role in the treatment of DR by targeting VEGFA, AKT1, and IL-6 and participating in oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and inflammation.
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