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Tu SP, Garcia B, Zhu X, Sewell D, Mishra V, Matin K, Dow A. Patient care in complex Sociotechnological ecosystems and learning health systems. Learn Health Syst 2024; 8:e10427. [PMID: 38883874 PMCID: PMC11176594 DOI: 10.1002/lrh2.10427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The learning health system (LHS) model was proposed to provide real-time, bi-directional flow of learning using data captured in health information technology systems to deliver rapid learning in healthcare delivery. As highlighted by the landmark National Academy of Medicine report "Crossing the Quality Chasm," the U.S. healthcare delivery industry represents complex adaptive systems, and there is an urgent need to develop innovative methods to identify efficient team structures by harnessing real-world care delivery data found in the electronic health record (EHR). We offer a discussion surrounding the complexities of team communication and how solutions may be guided by theories such as the Multiteam System (MTS) framework and the Multitheoretical Multilevel Framework of Communication Networks. To advance healthcare delivery science and promote LHSs, our team has been building a new line of research using EHR data to study MTS in the complex real world of cancer care delivery. We are developing new network metrics to study MTSs and will be analyzing the impact of EHR communication network structures on patient outcomes. As this research leads to patient care delivery interventions/tools, healthcare leaders and healthcare professionals can effectively use health IT data to implement the most evidence-based collaboration approaches in order to achieve the optimal LHS and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ping Tu
- Department of Internal Medicine University of California, Davis Sacramento California USA
| | - Brittany Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine University of California, Davis Sacramento California USA
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Health Policy and Management University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Daniel Sewell
- Department of Biostatistics University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Vimal Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine University of California, Davis Sacramento California USA
| | - Khalid Matin
- Department of Internal Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Alan Dow
- Department of Internal Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
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Möckli N, Simon M, Denhaerynck K, Trutschel D, Martins T, Meyer-Massetti C, Zúñiga F. How external and agency characteristics are related to coordination in homecare - findings of the national multicenter, cross-sectional SPOT nat study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:367. [PMID: 38519949 PMCID: PMC10960419 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homecare client services are often distributed across several interdependent healthcare providers, making proper care coordination essential. However, as studies exploring care coordination in the homecare setting are scarce, serious knowledge gaps exist regarding how various factors influence coordination in this care sector. To fill such gaps, this study's central aim was to explore how external factors (i.e., financial and regulatory mechanisms) and homecare agency characteristics (i.e., work environment, workforce, and client characteristics) are related to care coordination in homecare. METHODS This analysis was part of a national multicentre, cross-sectional study in the Swiss homecare setting that included a stratified random sample of 88 Swiss homecare agencies. Data were collected between January and September 2021 through agency and employee questionnaires. Using our newly developed care coordination framework, COORA, we modelled our variables to assess the relevant components of care coordination on the structural, process, and outcome levels. We conducted both descriptive and multilevel regression analyses-with the latter adjusting for dependencies within agencies-to explore which key factors are associated with coordination. RESULTS The final sample size consisted of 1450 employees of 71 homecare agencies. We found that one explicit coordination mechanism ("communication and information exchange" (beta = 0.10, p <.001)) and four implicit coordination mechanisms-"knowledge of the health system" (beta = -0.07, p <.01), "role clarity" (beta = 0.07, p <.001), "mutual respect and trust" (beta = 0.07, p <.001), and "accountability, predictability, common perspective" (beta = 0.19, p <.001)-were significantly positively associated with employee-perceived coordination. We also found that the effects of agency characteristics and external factors were mediated through coordination processes. CONCLUSION Implicit coordination mechanisms, which enable and enhance team communication, require closer examination. While developing strategies to strengthen implicit mechanisms, the involvement of the entire care team is vital to create structures (i.e., explicit mechanisms) that enable communication and information exchange. Appropriate coordination processes seem to mitigate the association between staffing and coordination. This suggests that they support coordination even when workload and overtime are higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Möckli
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Simon
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kris Denhaerynck
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Trutschel
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tania Martins
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carla Meyer-Massetti
- Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital - University Hospital Bern, CH-3010, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Primary Health Care BIHAM, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 30, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Zúñiga
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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Eck CS, Jiang C, Petersen LA. Veterans Health Administration enrollees' choice of care setting relates to the expansion of care options: Evidence from screening colonoscopies before and after the MISSION Act. Health Serv Res 2024; 59:e14241. [PMID: 37750415 PMCID: PMC10771906 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate whether those enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) were less likely to use VHA-delivered colorectal cancer screening colonoscopies after the MISSION Act. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING Secondary data were collected on VHA-enrolled Veterans from FY2017-FY2021. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective cross-sectional study measured the volume and share of screening colonoscopies that were VHA-delivered over time and by drive time eligibility-defined as living more than 60 min away from the nearest VHA specialty-care clinic. We used a multivariable logistic regression to adjust for patient and facility factors. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted for VHA enrollees (n = 773,766) who underwent a screening colonoscopy either performed or purchased by the VHA from FY2017-FY2021. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the 9 months after the implementation of the MISSION Act, and before the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, the average monthly VHA-share of screening colonoscopies decreased by 3 percentage points (pp; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [-4 to -2 pp]) for the non-drive time eligible group and it decreased by 16 pp (95% CI = [-22 to -9 pp]) for the drive time eligible group. The total number of screening colonoscopies did not significantly change in either group during this time period. After adjusting for patient characteristics, a linear time trend, and parent facility fixed effects, implementation of the MISSION Act was associated with a reduction in the probability of a VHA-delivered screening colonoscopy (average marginal effect [AME]: -2.5 pp; 95% CI = [-5.1 to 0.0 pp]) for the non-drive time eligible group. The drive time eligible group (AME: -9.4 pp; 95% CI = [-13.2 to -5.5 pp]) experienced a larger change. CONCLUSIONS The VHA-share of screening colonoscopies among VHA enrollees fell in the 9 months immediately after the passage of the MISSION Act. This decline was larger for VHA enrollees who were targeted for eligibility due to a longer drive time. These results suggest that the MISSION Act led to more VHA-purchased care among targeted VHA enrollees, though it is unclear whether total utilization increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase S. Eck
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for Innovations in QualityEffectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt)HoustonTexasUSA
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for Innovations in QualityEffectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt)HoustonTexasUSA
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Laura A. Petersen
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for Innovations in QualityEffectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt)HoustonTexasUSA
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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Kroenke K, Corrigan JD, Ralston RK, Zafonte R, Brunner RC, Giacino JT, Hoffman JM, Esterov D, Cifu DX, Mellick DC, Bell K, Scott SG, Sander AM, Hammond FM. Effectiveness of care models for chronic disease management: A scoping review of systematic reviews. PM R 2024; 16:174-189. [PMID: 37329557 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a scoping review of models of care for chronic disease management to identify potentially effective components for management of chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Information sources: Systematic searches of three databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) from January 2010 to May 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting on the effectiveness of the Chronic Care Model (CCM), collaborative/integrated care, and other chronic disease management models. DATA Target diseases, model components used (n = 11), and six outcomes (disease-specific, generic health-related quality of life and functioning, adherence, health knowledge, patient satisfaction, and cost/health care use). SYNTHESIS Narrative synthesis, including proportion of reviews documenting outcome benefits. RESULTS More than half (55%) of the 186 eligible reviews focused on collaborative/integrated care models, with 25% focusing on CCM and 20% focusing on other chronic disease management models. The most common health conditions were diabetes (n = 22), depression (n = 16), heart disease (n = 12), aging (n = 11), and kidney disease (n = 8). Other single medical conditions were the focus of 22 reviews, multiple medical conditions of 59 reviews, and other or mixed mental health/behavioral conditions of 20 reviews. Some type of quality rating for individual studies was conducted in 126 (68%) of the reviews. Of reviews that assessed particular outcomes, 80% reported disease-specific benefits, and 57% to 72% reported benefits for the other five types of outcomes. Outcomes did not differ by the model category, number or type of components, or target disease. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a paucity of evidence for TBI per se, care model components proven effective for other chronic diseases may be adaptable for chronic TBI care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Kroenke
- Department of Medicine, Indiana School of Medicine and Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - John D Corrigan
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rick K Ralston
- Ruth Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert C Brunner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Joseph T Giacino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeanne M Hoffman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dmitry Esterov
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David X Cifu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Bell
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Steven G Scott
- Center of Innovation on Disability & Rehab Research (CINDRR), James A Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Angelle M Sander
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, and Brain Injury Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Flora M Hammond
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Hybinette K, Praetorius G, Ekstedt M, Pukk Härenstam K. Exploring patient flow management through a lens of cognitive systems engineering. ERGONOMICS 2023; 66:2106-2120. [PMID: 36872878 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2186321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hospitals work to provide quality, safety, and availability to patients with a wide variety of care needs, which makes efficient prioritisation and resource utilisation essential. Anticipation of each patients' trajectory, while monitoring available resources across the hospital, are major challenges for patient flow management. This study focuses on how hospital patient flow management is realised in situ with the help of concepts from cognitive systems engineering. Five semi-structured interviews with high level managers and shadowing observations of seven full work-shifts with management teams were conducted, to explore how patient flow is coordinated and communicated across the hospital. The data has been analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results describe patient flow management using an adapted Extended Control Model (ECOM) and reveal how authority and information might be better placed closer to clinical work for increased efficiency of patient flow.Practitioner summary: This study describes how a large tertiary paediatric hospital's patient flow management functions. The results offer a new understanding of how patient flow management is communicated and coordinated across organisational levels of the hospital and how authority and information might be better placed closer to clinical work for increased efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Hybinette
- Department of Learning Informatics Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gesa Praetorius
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences & Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Borre, Norway
| | - Mirjam Ekstedt
- School of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Karin Pukk Härenstam
- Department of Learning Informatics Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hysong SJ, Giardina TD, Freytag J, SoRelle R, Murphy DR, Cully JA, Sada YH, Amspoker AB. Study protocol: maintaining preventive care during public health emergencies through effective coordination. Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:150. [PMID: 38012710 PMCID: PMC10680205 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening lies at the heart of preventive care. However, COVID-19 dramatically disrupted routine screening efforts, resulting in excess mortality not directly attributable to COVID-19. Screening rates during COVID varied markedly by facility and clinical condition, suggesting susceptibilities in screening and referral process workflow. To better understand these susceptibilities and identify new practices to mitigate interrupted care, we propose a qualitative study comparing facilities that exhibited high, low, and highly variable performance (respectively) in screening rates before and during the pandemic. We will be guided by Weaver et al.'s multi-team systems (MTS) model of coordination, using cancer and mental health screening rates as exemplars. METHOD Qualitative analysis of interviews and focus groups with primary care personnel, leadership, and patients at 10 VA medical centers. We will select sites based on rurality, COVID-19 caseload at the beginning of the pandemic, and performance on five outpatient clinical performance indicators of cancer and mental health screening. Sites will be categorized into one of five screening performance groups: high performers, low performers, improvers, plummeters, and highly variable. We will create process maps for each performance measure to create a workflow baseline and then interview primary care leadership to update the map at each site. We will clinician conduct focus groups to elicit themes regarding clinician coordination patterns (e.g., handoffs), strategies, and barriers/facilitators to screening during COVID. We will also conduct patient interviews to examine their screening experience during this period, for context. All interviews and focus groups will be audio-recorded, transcribed, and enhanced by field notes. We will analyze clinician transcripts and field notes using iterative, rapid analysis. Patient interviews will be analyzed using inductive/deductive content analysis. DISCUSSION Our study represents a unique opportunity to inform the multi-team systems literature by identifying specific forms of information exchange, collective problem solving, and decision-making associated with higher and improved clinical performance. Specifically, our study aims to detect the specific points in the screening and referral process most susceptible to disruption and coordination processes that, if changed, will yield the highest value. Findings apply to future pandemics or any event with the potential to disrupt care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Hysong
- Center for Innovations in Quality Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine - Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Traber Davis Giardina
- Center for Innovations in Quality Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine - Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Freytag
- Center for Innovations in Quality Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine - Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard SoRelle
- Center for Innovations in Quality Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine - Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel R Murphy
- Center for Innovations in Quality Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine - Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Cully
- Center for Innovations in Quality Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yvonne H Sada
- Center for Innovations in Quality Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine - Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amber B Amspoker
- Center for Innovations in Quality Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine - Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Möckli N, Simon M, Denhaerynck K, Martins T, Meyer-Massetti C, Fischer R, Zúñiga F. Care coordination in homecare and its relationship with quality of care: A national multicenter cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 145:104544. [PMID: 37354791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As health care complexity increases, skilled care coordination is becoming increasingly necessary. This is especially true in homecare settings, where services tend to be highly interprofessional. Poor coordination can result in services being provided twice, at the wrong time, unnecessarily or not at all. In addition to risking harm to the client, such confusion leads to unnecessary costs. From the patient's perspective, then, professional coordination should help both to remove barriers limiting quality of care and to minimize costs. To date, though, studies examining the relationship between care coordination and care quality have faced multiple challenges, leading to mixed results. And in homecare contexts, where the clients are highly vulnerable and diverse care interfaces make coordination especially challenging, such studies are rare. OBJECTIVES Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship, from the perspectives of clients and of homecare professionals, between coordination and quality of care. For both groups, we hypothesized that better coordination would correlate with higher ratings of quality of care. For the clients, we predicted that higher coordination ratings would lead to lower incidence of unplanned health care use, i.e., emergency department (ED) visits, unscheduled urgent medical visits and hospitalizations. DESIGN AND METHODS This study is part of a national multi-center cross-sectional study in the Swiss homecare setting. We recruited 88 homecare agencies and collected data between January and September 2021 through written questionnaires for agencies' managers, employees (n = 3223) and clients (n = 1509). To test our hypotheses, we conducted multilevel analyses. RESULTS Employee-perceived care coordination ratings correlated positively with employee-rated quality of care (OR = 2.78, p < .001); client-perceived care coordination problems correlated inversely with client-reported quality of care (β = -0.55, p < .001). Client-perceived coordination problems also correlated positively with hospitalizations (IRR = 1.20, p < .05) and unscheduled urgent medical visits (IRR = 1.18, p < .05), but not significantly with ED visits. No associations were discernible between employee-perceived coordination quality and either health care service use or client quality-of-care ratings. DISCUSSION While results indicate relationships between coordination and diverse aspects of care quality, various coordination gaps (e.g., poor information flow) also became apparent. The measurement of both care coordination and quality of care remains a challenge. Further research should focus on developing and validating a coordination questionnaire that measures care coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Möckli
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Simon
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kris Denhaerynck
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Center for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Martins
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carla Meyer-Massetti
- Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital - University Hospital of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Fischer
- Centre for Primary Health Care, University of Basel, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Zúñiga
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Wong JJ, SoRelle RP, Yang C, Knox MK, Hysong SJ, Dorsey LE, O'Mahen PN, Petersen LA. Nurse Leader Perceptions of Data in the Veterans Health Administration: A Qualitative Evaluation. Comput Inform Nurs 2023; 41:679-686. [PMID: 36648170 PMCID: PMC10350463 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare systems and nursing leaders aim to make evidence-based nurse staffing decisions. Understanding how nurses use and perceive available data to support safe staffing can strengthen learning healthcare systems and support evidence-based practice, particularly given emerging data availability and specific nursing challenges in data usability. However, current literature offers sparse insight into the nature of data use and challenges in the inpatient nurse staffing management context. We aimed to investigate how nurse leaders experience using data to guide their inpatient staffing management decisions in the Veterans Health Administration, the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States. We conducted semistructured interviews with 27 Veterans Health Administration nurse leaders across five management levels, using a constant comparative approach for analysis. Participants primarily reported using data for quality improvement, organizational learning, and organizational monitoring and support. Challenges included data fragmentation, unavailability and unsuitability to user need, lack of knowledge about available data, and untimely reporting. Our findings suggest that prioritizing end-user experience and needs is necessary to better govern evidence-based data tools for improving nursing care. Continuous nurse leader involvement in data governance is integral to ensuring high-quality data for end-user nurses to guide their decisions impacting patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine J Wong
- Author Affiliations: Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (Mss Wong, Yang, and Knox, Mr SoRelle, and Drs Hysong, O'Mahen, and Petersen) and Patient Care Services (Dr Dorsey), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (Mss Wong, Yang, and Knox, Mr SoRelle, and Drs Hysong, O'Mahen, and Petersen), Houston, TX
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Hempel S, Ganz D, Saluja S, Bolshakova M, Kim T, Turvey C, Cordasco K, Basu A, Page T, Mahmood R, Motala A, Barnard J, Wong M, Fu N, Miake-Lye IM. Care coordination across healthcare systems: development of a research agenda, implications for practice, and recommendations for policy based on a modified Delphi panel. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e060232. [PMID: 37197809 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For large, integrated healthcare delivery systems, coordinating patient care across delivery systems with providers external to the system presents challenges. We explored the domains and requirements for care coordination by professionals across healthcare systems and developed an agenda for research, practice and policy. DESIGN The modified Delphi approach convened a 2-day stakeholder panel with moderated virtual discussions, preceded and followed by online surveys. SETTING The work addresses care coordination across healthcare systems. We introduced common care scenarios and differentiated recommendations for a large (main) healthcare organisation and external healthcare professionals that contribute additional care. PARTICIPANTS The panel composition included health service providers, decision makers, patients and care community, and researchers. Discussions were informed by a rapid review of tested approaches to fostering collaboration, facilitating care coordination and improving communication across healthcare systems. OUTCOME MEASURES The study planned to formulate a research agenda, implications for practice and recommendations for policy. RESULTS For research recommendations, we found consensus for developing measures of shared care, exploring healthcare professionals' needs in different care scenarios and evaluating patient experiences. Agreed practice recommendations included educating external professionals about issues specific to the patients in the main healthcare system, educating professionals within the main healthcare system about the roles and responsibilities of all involved parties, and helping patients better understand the pros and cons of within-system and out-of-system care. Policy recommendations included supporting time for professionals with high overlap in patients to engage regularly and sustaining support for care coordination for high-need patients. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations from the stakeholder panel created an agenda to foster further research, practice and policy innovations in cross-system care coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hempel
- Southern California Evidence Review Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Ganz
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sonali Saluja
- Gehr Family Center for Health Systems Science and Innovation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maria Bolshakova
- Southern California Evidence Review Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy Kim
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carolyn Turvey
- Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Rural Health Resource Center, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kristina Cordasco
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aashna Basu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Care in the Community Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tonya Page
- Office of Community, Clinical Integration & Field Support, Veteran Affairs Central Office, Kentucky City, Kentucky, USA
| | - Reshma Mahmood
- Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo Community Outpatient Clinics, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aneesa Motala
- Southern California Evidence Review Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jenny Barnard
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Wong
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ning Fu
- Southern California Evidence Review Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- School of Public Administration and Emergency Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Isomi M Miake-Lye
- VA West Los Angeles Evidence-based Synthesis Program, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Acero MX, Minvielle E, Waelli M. Understanding the activity of oncology nurse coordinators: An elaboration of a framework based on an abductive approach. Health Policy 2023; 130:104737. [PMID: 36791597 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Care coordination is a major health system issue, in particular for cancer patients where a lack of coordination may impact quality of care, lived experiences, and care costs. Consequently, new roles facilitating Patient Pathway Coordination (PPC) have been created (nurse coordinators, NC). However, despite their importance, core PPC activities remain unclear. Practices are often heterogeneous and may be far removed from coordination roles, thus posing issues for implementation of PPC policies. To address this, we generated an analytical framework to investigate the Activity of PAtient PAthway Nurse Coordinators in Oncology (APANCO) from an organizational perspective. We adopted an abductive approach, characterized by two phases: the first involved a preliminary theoretical framework confronted with empirical data from two ethnographic fieldwork scenarios. In the second, we confronted the updated framework with data from a care coordination literature review. The final APANCO framework comprised three main categories at micro-level and three at meso-level. The first categories were used to analyze real NC activity at the micro-level and accounted for activities related (or not) to PPC. Meso-level categories considered organizational contexts that might have influenced NC work content. APANCO provided invaluable information on NCs activities. The framework may be used for clinical and managerial skills training and for standardizing job descriptions. These elements are key for decision-makers and managers who implement PPC programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Ximena Acero
- ARENES - UMR 6051, CNRS, EHESP (French School of Public Health), Univ Rennes, 15 Avenue du Professeur Lé on Bernard, Rennes 35043, France.
| | - Etienne Minvielle
- i3-CRG Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau 91120, France; Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Mathias Waelli
- ARENES - UMR 6051, CNRS, EHESP (French School of Public Health), Univ Rennes, 15 Avenue du Professeur Lé on Bernard, Rennes 35043, France; Global Health Institute, University of Geneva, 24 rue du Général-Dufour 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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11
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Möckli N, Espinosa JA, Simon M, Meyer-Massetti C, Zúñiga F. Clarifying the muddy concept of home healthcare coordination: A comprehensive theoretical framework. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14243. [PMID: 36967915 PMCID: PMC10031358 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective healthcare coordination is vital when such care is provided as a collaborative effort by many individuals and their task activities are interdependent. Coordination is necessary to ensure that care not only meets the needs of patients, but also avoids negative consequences for them due to omitted, inefficient, unnecessary, or even incorrect treatments. It also helps conserve resources. This has contributed to a rapid increase in articles on this subject. Still, while care coordination topics are gaining the attention of researchers, there are a number of issues experienced, including the delineation of limitations, inconsistent definitions, and problems with measurement. Therefore, the aim of this article is to refine the concept of homecare coordination and provide a comprehensive theoretical framework, illustrated with examples from practice. Focusing on this goal, we have reviewed the extant literature on the subject to develop a theoretical homecare coordination framework. The first intermediary goal was to integrate relevant concepts across multiple theories and frameworks into a unified synthesis. We do so in two parts: (1) analysis of extant coordination frameworks and theories; and (2) the presentation of our newly developed theoretical framework for homecare coordination. The new framework differentiates clearly between coordination as a process-i.e., what people do to coordinate and coordination as an outcome-i.e., the state of coordination. Applying this distinction to both, measurement and interpretation of results helps avoid misleading conclusions. As a research outcome, our framework builds upon the extant coordination literature, considers the complex relationships among the various coordination-related factors and, while focusing on homecare, is applicable to various healthcare settings in general. A nuanced differentiation and explanation of the elements involved enable a more consistent operationalization of the coordination concept. Additionally, as they explicitly address the healthcare system's micro, meso, and macro levels, they can be applied across diverse healthcare settings to investigate homecare coordination.
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12
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Veta OD. Challenges and Enhancement of Medical Social Workers in Public Health Facilities in Nigeria. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 38:1-10. [PMID: 35771132 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2022.2096166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study sought to explore the challenges and enhancement of medical social workers in public health facilities in Nigeria, with particular reference to Delta State, Nigeria. A phenomenological and exploratory research design was adopted for the study. An unstructured in-depth interview (IDI) guide was used for data collection. Lack of legal backing, inadequate facilities, unfavorable organizational structure, lack of graduate medical social workers, inadequate recognition of the role of medical social workers, domineering attitude of medical professionals, inadequate remuneration, lack of means of transportation, and inadequate motivation, were the challenges facing social workers in the public health care facilities. This study, to enhance medical social workers recommends, amongst others, that social work education and practice should be legalized and given the needed professional status in Nigeria. All health professionals, including medical social workers, should imbibe the values/ethics of interprofessional teamwork in public health facilities. Professional medical social workers should be engaged in all Nigerian public health facilities.
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Liu R, Weldon CB, Linehan E, Gordon N, Abbe T, Hennings M, James H, Katzel J, Ng C, Tomita M, Velotta JB, Ossowski S, Sakoda LC, Sprague SL, Dowling A, Beringer K, Ravelo A, Yu E, Trosman JR. Fostering a High-Functioning Team in Cancer Care Using the 4R Oncology Model: Assessment in a Large Health System and a Blueprint for Other Institutions. JCO Oncol Pract 2023; 19:e125-e137. [PMID: 36178937 PMCID: PMC10166419 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Delivering cancer care by high-functioning multidisciplinary teams promises to address care fragmentation, which threatens care quality, affects patient outcomes, and strains the oncology workforce. We assessed whether the 4R Oncology model for team-based interdependent care delivery and patient self-management affected team functioning in a large community-based health system. METHODS 4R was deployed at four locations in breast and lung cancers and assessed along four characteristics of high-functioning teams: recognition as a team internally and externally; commitment to an explicit shared goal; enablement of interdependent work to achieve the goal; and engagement in regular reflection to adapt objectives and processes. RESULTS We formed an internally and externally recognized team of 24 specialties committed to a shared goal of delivering multidisciplinary care at the optimal time and sequence from a patient-centric viewpoint. The team conducted 40 optimizations of interdependent care (22 for breast, seven for lung, and 11 for both cancers) at four points in the care continuum and established an ongoing teamwork adaptation process. Half of the optimizations entailed low effort, while 30% required high level of effort; 78% resulted in improved process efficiency. CONCLUSION 4R facilitated development of a large high-functioning team and enabled 40 optimizations of interdependent care along the cancer care continuum in a feasible way. 4R may be an effective approach for fostering high-functioning teams, which could contribute to improving viability of the oncology workforce. Our intervention and taxonomy of results serve as a blueprint for other institutions motivated to strengthen teamwork to improve patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Liu
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco, CA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Christine B. Weldon
- Center for Business Models in Healthcare, Glencoe, IL
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Elizabeth Linehan
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nancy Gordon
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Thea Abbe
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marti Hennings
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, Modesto, CA
| | - Henie James
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA
| | - Jed Katzel
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco, CA
| | - Chun Ng
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, Modesto, CA
| | - Megumi Tomita
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, Modesto, CA
| | - Jeffrey B. Velotta
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA
| | - Stephanie Ossowski
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lori C. Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Anna Dowling
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kimberly Beringer
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Elaine Yu
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Julia R. Trosman
- Center for Business Models in Healthcare, Glencoe, IL
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Mathieu JE. Teams, Teaming, and Complex Systems in Cancer Care. JCO Oncol Pract 2023; 19:6-9. [PMID: 36516363 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John E Mathieu
- Department of Management, School of Business, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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15
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O'Malley DM, Doose M, Howard J, Cantor JC, Crabtree BF, Tsui J. Understanding the Impact of Medicaid-Serving Primary Care Team Functioning and Clinical Context on Cancer Care Treatment Quality: Implications for Addressing Structural Inequities. JCO Oncol Pract 2023; 19:e92-e102. [PMID: 36473147 PMCID: PMC9870234 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary care factors related to Medicaid enrollees' receipt of guideline concordant cancer treatment is understudied; however, team structure and processes likely affect care disparities. We explore Medicaid-serving primary care teams functioning within multiteam systems to understand performance variations in quality of breast and colorectal cancer care. METHODS We conducted a comparative case study, using critical case sampling of primary care clinics in New Jersey, to provide maximum variation on clinic-level care performance rates (Medicaid enrollees' receipt of guideline-concordant treatment). Site evaluations, conducted from 2019 to 2020, included observation (2-3 days) and interviews. Using a multistep analytic process, we explored contextual factors within primary care that may contribute to cancer care performance variations. RESULTS We identified performance variations stemming from adaptations of multiteam system inputs and processes on the basis of contextual factors (ie, business model, clinic culture). Team 1 (average performer), part of a multisite safety-net clinic system, mainly teamed outside their organization, relying on designated roles, protocol-based care, and quality improvement informed by within-team metrics. Team 2 (high performer), part of a for-profit health system, remained mission-driven to improve urban health, teamed exclusively with internal teams through electronically enabled information exchange and health system-wide quality improvement efforts. Team 3 (low performer), a physician-owned private practice with minimal teaming, accepted Medicaid enrollees to diversify their payer mix and relied on referral-based care with limited consideration of social barriers. CONCLUSION Primary care team structures and processes variations may (in part) explain performance variations. Future research aiming to improve care quality for Medicaid populations should consider primary care teams' capacity and context in relation to composite teams to support care quality improvements in subsequent prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denalee M. O'Malley
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Research Division, New Brunswick NJ
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Michelle Doose
- Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jenna Howard
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Research Division, New Brunswick NJ
| | - Joel C. Cantor
- Rutgers Center for State Health Policy, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Benjamin F. Crabtree
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Research Division, New Brunswick NJ
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jennifer Tsui
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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16
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Doose M, Verhoeven D, Sanchez JI, McGee-Avila JK, Chollette V, Weaver SJ. Clinical Multiteam System Composition and Complexity Among Newly Diagnosed Early-Stage Breast, Colorectal, and Lung Cancer Patients With Multiple Chronic Conditions: A SEER-Medicare Analysis. JCO Oncol Pract 2023; 19:e33-e42. [PMID: 36473151 PMCID: PMC10166428 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sixty percent of adults have multiple chronic conditions at cancer diagnosis. These patients may require a multidisciplinary clinical team-of-teams, or a multiteam system (MTS), of high-complexity involving multiple specialists and primary care, who, ideally, coordinate clinical responsibilities, share information, and align clinical decisions to ensure comprehensive care needs are managed. However, insights examining MTS composition and complexity among individuals with cancer and comorbidities at diagnosis using US population-level data are limited. METHODS Using SEER-Medicare data (2006-2016), we identified newly diagnosed patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer who had a codiagnosis of cardiopulmonary disease and/or diabetes (n = 75,201). Zaccaro's theory-based classification of MTSs was used to categorize clinical MTS complexity in the 4 months following cancer diagnosis: high-complexity (≥ 4 clinicians from ≥ 2 specialties) and low-complexity (1-3 clinicians from 1-2 specialties). We describe the proportions of patients with different MTS compositions and quantify the incidence of high-complexity MTS care by patient groups. RESULTS The most common MTS composition was oncology with primary care (37%). Half (50.3%) received high-complexity MTS care. The incidence of high-complexity MTS care for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients with cancer was 6.7% (95% CI, -8.0 to -5.3) and 4.7% (95% CI, -6.3 to -3.0) lower than non-Hispanic White patients with cancer; 13.1% (95% CI, -14.1 to -12.2) lower for rural residents compared with urban; 10.4% (95% CI, -11.2 to -9.5) lower for dual Medicaid-Medicare beneficiaries compared with Medicare-only; and 16.6% (95% CI, -17.5 to -15.8) lower for colorectal compared with breast cancer. CONCLUSION Incidence differences of high-complexity MTS care were observed among cancer patients with multiple chronic conditions from underserved populations. The results highlight the need to further understand the effects of and mechanisms through which care team composition, complexity, and functioning affect care quality and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Doose
- Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dana Verhoeven
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Janeth I Sanchez
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Jennifer K McGee-Avila
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Veronica Chollette
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Sallie J Weaver
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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Khanna A, Fix GM, Anderson E, Bolton RE, Bokhour BG, Foster M, Smith JG, Vimalananda VG. Towards a framework for patient-centred care coordination: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066808. [PMID: 36456025 PMCID: PMC9716881 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient-centred care and care coordination are each key priority areas for delivering high quality healthcare. However, the intersection between these two concepts is poorly characterised. We theorise that greater advancements in healthcare quality could be realised when care is organised in a way that aligns with patients' preferences, needs and values across every level of the healthcare system. There is currently no published review that describes the intersection of patient-centred care and care coordination. We will undertake a scoping review that will be foundational to the development of a conceptual framework for patient-centred care coordination that integrates and synthesises the overlap between these two concepts and describe how it manifests across levels of the healthcare system. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A multidisciplinary team of reviewers will conduct a scoping review of published and grey literature to identify and synthesise key concepts at the intersection of patient-centred care and care coordination, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidance for scoping reviews. Databases we will use in our search include PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Social Sciences Abstracts, Nursing and Allied Health Premium, Health and Medical Collection, and PsycINFO. Articles will be included that are English-language; published during or after 2001; describe a theory, conceptual model, theoretical framework or definition that addresses both patient-centred care and care coordination. Articles will be excluded if they do not address the intersection of patient-centred care and care coordination; discuss a patient-centred medical home without discussion on patient-centred care concepts; or discuss a paediatric, inpatient or palliative care setting. A data extraction template will facilitate qualitative thematic analysis and findings will be synthesised into a conceptual framework. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This work does not require ethics approval. A preliminary framework will be presented to a group of patient stakeholders for refinement before dissemination through a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Khanna
- VA Bedford Healthcare System Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gemmae M Fix
- VA Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research Bedford Campus, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ekaterina Anderson
- VA Bedford Healthcare System Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rendelle E Bolton
- VA Bedford Healthcare System Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- Brandeis University Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbara G Bokhour
- VA Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research Bedford Campus, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marva Foster
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research Boston Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason G Smith
- VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Varsha G Vimalananda
- VA Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research Bedford Campus, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Amspoker AB, Lester HF, Spitzmueller C, Thomas CL, Hysong SJ. Developing and validating a comprehensive measure of coordination in patient aligned care teams. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1243. [PMID: 36217148 PMCID: PMC9549451 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Despite numerous extant measures assessing context-specific elements of care coordination, we are unaware of any comprehensive, team-based instrument that measures the requisite mechanisms and conditions required to coordinate successfully. In this study we develop and validate the psychometric properties of the Coordination Practices Survey, a context-agnostic measure of coordination for primary care teams. Methods Coordination items were developed based on a systematic literature review; items from previously developed scales were adapted and new items were created as needed; all items were refined after subject matter expert review and feedback. We collected data from Primary Care teams drawn from 1200 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical centers and outpatient clinics nationwide. 1645 primary care team members from 512 patient aligned care teams in the Veterans Health Administration completed the survey from 2015 to 2016. Psychometric properties were assessed after data collection using Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlations and multilevel confirmatory factor analysis to assess the factor structure. Results Our findings confirmed the psychometric properties of two distinguishable subscales of coordination: (a) Accountability and (b) Common Understanding. The within- and between-team latent structure of each subscale exhibited adequate fit to the data, as well as appropriately high Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlations. There was insufficient variability in responses to the predictability subscale to properly assess its psychometric properties. Conclusion With context-specific validation, our subscales of accountability and common understanding may be used to assess coordination processes in other contexts for both research and operational applications. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08590-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber B Amspoker
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd (152), 77030, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine - Health Services Research Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Houston F Lester
- Department of Medicine - Health Services Research Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Management, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | | | | | - Sylvia J Hysong
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd (152), 77030, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Medicine - Health Services Research Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Doose M, Verhoeven D, Sanchez JI, Livinski AA, Mollica M, Chollette V, Weaver SJ. Team-Based Care for Cancer Survivors With Comorbidities: A Systematic Review. J Healthc Qual 2022; 44:255-268. [PMID: 36036776 PMCID: PMC9429049 DOI: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of quality care for the growing population of cancer survivors with comorbidities remains poorly understood, especially among health disparity populations who are more likely to have comorbidities at the time of cancer diagnosis. This systematic review synthesized the literature from 2000 to 2022 on team-based care for cancer survivors with comorbidities and assessed team-based care conceptualization, teamwork processes, and outcomes. Six databases were searched for original articles on adults with cancer and comorbidity, which defined care team composition and comparison group, and assessed clinical or teamwork processes or outcomes. We identified 1,821 articles of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies occurred during active cancer treatment and nine focused on depression management. Four studies focused on Hispanic or Black cancer survivors and one recruited rural residents. The conceptualization of team-based care varied across articles. Teamwork processes were not explicitly measured, but teamwork concepts such as communication and mental models were mentioned. Despite team-based care being a cornerstone of quality cancer care, studies that simultaneously assessed care delivery and outcomes for cancer and comorbidities were largely absent. Improving care coordination will be key to addressing disparities and promoting health equity for cancer survivors with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Doose
- Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dana Verhoeven
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Janeth I. Sanchez
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Alicia A. Livinski
- National Institutes of Health Library, Office of Research Services, OD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Mollica
- Outcomes Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Chollette
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sallie J. Weaver
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Care Coordination Models and Tools-Systematic Review and Key Informant Interviews. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:1367-1379. [PMID: 34704210 PMCID: PMC9086013 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-07158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Care coordination (CC) interventions involve systematic strategies to address fragmentation and enhance continuity of care. However, it remains unclear whether CC can sufficiently address patient needs and improve outcomes. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, AHRQ Evidence-based Practice Center, and VA Evidence Synthesis Program, from inception to September 2019. Two individuals reviewed eligibility and rated quality using modified AMSTAR 2. Eligible systematic reviews (SR) examined diverse CC interventions for community-dwelling adults with ambulatory care sensitive conditions and/or at higher risk for acute care. From eligible SR and relevant included primary studies, we abstracted the following: study and intervention characteristics; target population(s); effects on hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and/or patient experience; setting characteristics; and tools and approaches used. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with individuals who implemented CC interventions. RESULTS Of 2324 unique citations, 16 SR were eligible; 14 examined case management or transitional care interventions; and 2 evaluated intensive primary care models. Two SR highlighted selection for specific risk factors as important for effectiveness; one of these also indicated high intensity (e.g., more patient contacts) and/or multidisciplinary plans were key. Most SR found inconsistent effects on reducing hospitalizations or ED visits; few reported on patient experience. Effective interventions were implemented in multiple settings, including rural community hospitals, academic medical centers (in urban settings), and public hospitals serving largely poor, uninsured populations. Primary studies reported variable approaches to improve patient-provider communication, including health coaching and role-playing. SR, primary studies, and key informant interviews did not identify tools for measuring patient trust or care team integration. Sustainability of CC interventions varied and some were adapted over time. DISCUSSION CC interventions have inconsistent effects on reducing hospitalizations and ED visits. Future work should address how they should be adapted to different healthcare settings and which tools or approaches are most helpful for implementation. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO #CRD42020156359.
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The Care Coordinator’s Tasks During the Implementation of an Integrated Care Pathway for Older Patients: A Qualitative Study Based on the French National “Health Pathway of Seniors for Preserved Autonomy” Pilot Program. Int J Integr Care 2022; 22:2. [PMID: 35431705 PMCID: PMC8973761 DOI: 10.5334/ijic.5977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although integrated care and care coordination are known to be beneficial for older adults’ population, the specific tasks of a Care Coordinator (CC) for integrated care pathways for this population have not been studied in detail. Setting & Subjects: The French national pilot program PAERPA provided an integrated care pathway for older adults. In North France, a CC was recruited to support patients and professionals. Objectives: (i) To analyse the CC’s tasks in an integrated care pathway for older patients, and (ii) to record perceptions on the CC’s tasks among the participating general practitioners (GP) and community pharmacists. Design & Methods Qualitative, two-phase study: (i) Task analysis of the CC’s tasks, to compare the planned and actual tasks; (ii) semi-structured interviews among GPs and community pharmacists involved in the pathway. Results: (i) The task analysis showed that the CC’s actual tasks differed from planned tasks. The CC was only meant to be involved in the early stages of the process; actually, the CC undertook more or even unforeseen tasks in coordination, communication, and administrative support throughout the care pathways. (ii) The 28 interviewed healthcare professionals considered the CC’s tasks to be essential to the success of pathways. They appreciated the CC’s administrative support. However, CC’s tasks related to interprofessional communication, and patient and family information, were controversially perceived among GPs and pharmacists. Conclusions: The CC’s tasks in an integrated care pathway for older adults showed that the CC’s overall workload was greater than expected and appreciated by healthcare professionals.
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22
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Zengul FD, Oner N, Ozaydin B, Hall AG, Berner ES, Cimino JJ, Lemak CH. Mapping 2 Decades of Research in Health Services Research, Health Policy, and Health Economics Journals. Med Care 2022; 60:264-272. [PMID: 34984990 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify major research topics and exhibit trends in these topics in 15 health services research, health policy, and health economics journals over 2 decades. DATA SOURCES The study sample of 35,159 abstracts (1999-2020) were collected from PubMed for 15 journals. STUDY DESIGN The study used a 3-phase approach for text analyses: (1) developing the corpus of 40,618 references from PubMed (excluding 5459 of those without abstract or author information); (2) preprocessing and generating the term list using natural language processing to eliminate irrelevant textual data and identify important terms and phrases; (3) analyzing the preprocessed text data using latent semantic analysis, topic analyses, and multiple correspondence analysis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Application of analyses generated 16 major research topics: (1) implementation/intervention science; (2) HIV and women's health; (3) outcomes research and quality; (4) veterans/military studies; (5) provider/primary-care interventions; (6) geriatrics and formal/informal care; (7) policies and health outcomes; (8) medication treatment/therapy; (9) patient interventions; (10) health insurance legislation and policies; (11) public health policies; (12) literature reviews; (13) cost-effectiveness and economic evaluation; (14) cancer care; (15) workforce issues; and (16) socioeconomic status and disparities. The 2-dimensional map revealed that some journals have stronger associations with specific topics. Findings were not consistent with previous studies based on user perceptions. CONCLUSION Findings of this study can be used by the stakeholders of health services research, policy, and economics to develop future research agendas, target journal submissions, and generate interdisciplinary solutions by examining overlapping journals for particular topics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James J Cimino
- Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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Albertson EM, Chuang E, O'Masta B, Miake-Lye I, Haley LA, Pourat N. Systematic Review of Care Coordination Interventions Linking Health and Social Services for High-Utilizing Patient Populations. Popul Health Manag 2022; 25:73-85. [PMID: 34134511 PMCID: PMC8861924 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2021.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognizing that social factors influence patient health outcomes and utilization, health systems have developed interventions to address patients' social needs. Care coordination across the health care and social service sectors is a distinct and important strategy to address social determinants of health, but limited information exists about how care coordination operates in this context. To address this gap, the authors conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications that document the coordination of health care and social services in the United States. After a structured elimination process, 25 publications of 19 programs were synthesized to identify patterns in care coordination implementation. Results indicate that patient needs assessment, in-person patient contact, and standardized care coordination protocols are common across programs that bridge health care and social services. Publications discussing these programs often provide limited detail on other key elements of care coordination, especially the nature of referrals and care coordinator caseload. Additional research is needed to document critical elements of program implementation and to evaluate program impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Michelle Albertson
- University of California Los Angeles Center for Health Policy Research, Health Economics and Evaluation Research Program, Los Angeles, California, USA.,University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Address correspondence to: Elaine Michelle Albertson, MPH, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles Young Drive S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emmeline Chuang
- University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Los Angeles, California, USA.,University of California Berkeley School of Social Welfare, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brenna O'Masta
- University of California Los Angeles Center for Health Policy Research, Health Economics and Evaluation Research Program, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isomi Miake-Lye
- University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Los Angeles, California, USA.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leigh Ann Haley
- University of California Los Angeles Center for Health Policy Research, Health Economics and Evaluation Research Program, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nadereh Pourat
- University of California Los Angeles Center for Health Policy Research, Health Economics and Evaluation Research Program, Los Angeles, California, USA.,University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Los Angeles, California, USA
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24
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O'Malley DM, Alfano CM, Doose M, Kinney AY, Lee SJC, Nekhlyudov L, Duberstein P, Hudson SV. Cancer prevention, risk reduction, and control: opportunities for the next decade of health care delivery research. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1989-1997. [PMID: 34850934 PMCID: PMC8634312 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this commentary, we discuss opportunities to optimize cancer care delivery in the next decade building from evidence and advancements in the conceptualization and implementation of multi-level translational behavioral interventions. We summarize critical issues and discoveries describing new directions for translational behavioral research in the coming decade based on the promise of the accelerated application of this evidence within learning health systems. To illustrate these advances, we discuss cancer prevention, risk reduction (particularly precision prevention and early detection), and cancer treatment and survivorship (particularly risk- and need-stratified comprehensive care) and propose opportunities to equitably improve outcomes while addressing clinician shortages and cross-system coordination. We also discuss the impacts of COVID-19 and potential advances of scientific knowledge in the context of existing evidence, the need for adaptation, and potential areas of innovation to meet the needs of converging crises (e.g., fragmented care, workforce shortages, ongoing pandemic) in cancer health care delivery. Finally, we discuss new areas for exploration by applying key lessons gleaned from implementation efforts guided by advances in behavioral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denalee M O'Malley
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Northwell Health Cancer Institute, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Catherine M Alfano
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Doose
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anita Y Kinney
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Simon J Craddock Lee
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT-Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Larissa Nekhlyudov
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Womens' Primary Care Medical Associates, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Duberstein
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Shawna V Hudson
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Northwell Health Cancer Institute, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.,Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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25
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deJong NA, Wofford M, Song PH, Kappelman MD. Association of Care Coordination Experience and Health Services Use with Main Provider Type for Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Pediatr 2021; 234:142-148.e1. [PMID: 33798510 PMCID: PMC8238824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe care coordination experience for families of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and compare use of health services between families who identified a primary care physician (PCP) vs a gastroenterologist as a child's main provider. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional survey of care coordination experiences and health services use for children 6-19 years old receiving care in the IBD program at a children's hospital during 2018. English-speaking parents completed the Family Experiences with Coordination of Care Survey about their child's main provider and reported past-year health services. Bivariate testing and multivariate logistic regression explored differences in care coordination experience and health services by main provider, adjusted for demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS A total of 113 of 270 (42%) invited patients participated. Among 101 patients with complete data, 41% identified a PCP main provider. Performance on 5 of 16 Family Experiences with Coordination of Care indicators was higher for patients reporting a gastroenterologist vs a PCP main provider. However, having a PCP vs gastroenterologist main provider was associated with greater use of any past-year primary care services (adjusted proportion 94% vs 75%; P = .01) and of mental health services when needed (95% vs 60%; P < .01). Need for IBD-related hospitalization and emergency department visits did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Children with IBD may experience trade-offs in care coordination quality and important, non-disease-focused health services based on whom parents perceive as the main provider. Efforts to enhance cross-team coordination among families and primary and specialty care teams are needed to improve overall care quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal A. deJong
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, UNC School of Medicine
| | - Marie Wofford
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center
| | - Paula H. Song
- Department of Health Administration, VCU College of Health Professions
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26
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Garvin LA, Pugatch M, Gurewich D, Pendergast JN, Miller CJ. Interorganizational Care Coordination of Rural Veterans by Veterans Affairs and Community Care Programs: A Systematic Review. Med Care 2021; 59:S259-S269. [PMID: 33976075 PMCID: PMC8132902 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the unique context of rural Veterans' health care needs, expansion of US Department of Veterans Affairs and Community Care programs under the MISSION Act, and the uncertainties of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is critical to understand what may support effective interorganizational care coordination for increased access to high-quality care. OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review to examine the interorganizational care coordination initiatives that Veterans Affairs (VA) and community partners have pursued in caring for rural Veterans, including challenges and opportunities, organizational domains shaping care coordination, and among these, initiatives that improve or impede health care outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to search 2 electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2009 and May 2020. Building on prior research, we conducted a systematic review. RESULTS Sixteen articles met our criteria. Each captured a unique health care focus while examining common challenges. Four organizational domains emerged: policy and administration, culture, mechanisms, and relational practices. Exemplars highlight how initiatives improve or impede rural health care delivery. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review, to our knowledge, examining interorganizational care coordination of rural Veterans by VA and Community Care programs. Results provide exemplars of interorganizational care coordination domains and program effectiveness. It suggests that partners' efforts to align their coordination domains can improve health care, with rurality serving as a critical contextual factor. Findings are important for policies, practices, and research of VA and Community Care partners committed to improving access and health care for rural Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn A. Garvin
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Marianne Pugatch
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Deborah Gurewich
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Jacquelyn N. Pendergast
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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27
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Bozovic-Spasojevic I, Balsat M, Blondeel A, Castleton A, De Munter J, Gamble AS, Kienesberger A, Konsoulova-Kirova AA, Rizvi K, Schneider C, Vermeersch J, Ferrari A, Stark D. A European Network for Teenagers and Young Adults with Cancer. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2021; 10:117-119. [PMID: 33847510 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2021.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Balsat
- Department of Hematology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Blondeel
- The European Society for Paediatric Oncology, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ashley S Gamble
- Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Carina Schneider
- CCI Europe, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Stark
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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28
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Verhoeven DC, Chollette V, Lazzara EH, Shuffler ML, Osarogiagbon RU, Weaver SJ. The Anatomy and Physiology of Teaming in Cancer Care Delivery: A Conceptual Framework. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:360-370. [PMID: 33107915 PMCID: PMC8599835 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Care coordination challenges for patients with cancer continue to grow as expanding treatment options, multimodality treatment regimens, and an aging population with comorbid conditions intensify demands for multidisciplinary cancer care. Effective teamwork is a critical yet understudied cornerstone of coordinated cancer care delivery. For example, comprehensive lung cancer care involves a clinical "team of teams"-or clinical multiteam system (MTS)-coordinating decisions and care across specialties, providers, and settings. The teamwork processes within and between these teams lay the foundation for coordinated care. Although the need to work as a team and coordinate across disciplinary, organizational, and geographic boundaries increases, evidence identifying and improving the teamwork processes underlying care coordination and delivery among the multiple teams involved remains sparse. This commentary synthesizes MTS structure characteristics and teamwork processes into a conceptual framework called the cancer MTS framework to advance future cancer care delivery research addressing evidence gaps in care coordination. Included constructs were identified from published frameworks, discussions at the 2016 National Cancer Institute-American Society of Clinical Oncology Teams in Cancer Care Workshop, and expert input. A case example in lung cancer provided practical grounding for framework refinement. The cancer MTS framework identifies team structure variables and teamwork processes affecting cancer care delivery, related outcomes, and contextual variables hypothesized to influence coordination within and between the multiple clinical teams involved. We discuss how the framework might be used to identify care delivery research gaps, develop hypothesis-driven research examining clinical team functioning, and support conceptual coherence across studies examining teamwork and care coordination and their impact on cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Verhoeven
- Affiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Chollette
- Affiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Lazzara
- Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, USA
| | - Marissa L Shuffler
- Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral, Social, & Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Sallie J Weaver
- Affiliations of authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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29
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Schexnayder J, Longenecker CT, Muiruri C, Bosworth HB, Gebhardt D, Gonzales SE, Hanson JE, Hileman CO, Okeke NL, Sico IP, Vedanthan R, Webel AR. Understanding constraints on integrated care for people with HIV and multimorbid cardiovascular conditions: an application of the Theoretical Domains Framework. Implement Sci Commun 2021; 2:17. [PMID: 33579396 PMCID: PMC7881687 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-021-00114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with HIV (PWH) experience increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Many PWH in the USA receive their primary medical care from infectious disease specialists in HIV clinics. HIV care teams may not be fully prepared to provide evidence-based CVD care. We sought to describe local context for HIV clinics participating in an NIH-funded implementation trial and to identify facilitators and barriers to integrated CVD preventive care for PWH. METHODS Data were collected in semi-structured interviews and focus groups with PWH and multidisciplinary healthcare providers at three academic medical centers. We used template analysis to identify barriers and facilitators of CVD preventive care in three HIV specialty clinics using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). RESULTS Six focus groups were conducted with 37 PWH. Individual interviews were conducted with 34 healthcare providers and 14 PWH. Major themes were captured in seven TDF domains. Within those themes, we identified nine facilitators and 11 barriers to CVD preventive care. Knowledge gaps contributed to inaccurate CVD risk perceptions and ineffective self-management practices in PWH. Exclusive prioritization of HIV over CVD-related conditions was common in PWH and their providers. HIV care providers assumed inconsistent roles in CVD prevention, including for PWH with primary care providers. HIV providers were knowledgeable of HIV-related CVD risks and co-located health resources were consistently available to support PWH with limited resources in health behavior change. However, infrequent medical visits, perceptions of CVD prevention as a primary care service, and multiple co-location of support programs introduced local challenges to engaging in CVD preventive care. CONCLUSIONS Barriers to screening and treatment of cardiovascular conditions are common in HIV care settings and highlight a need for greater primary care integration. Improving long-term cardiovascular outcomes of PWH will likely require multi-level interventions supporting HIV providers to expand their scope of practice, addressing patient preferences for co-located CVD preventive care, changing clinic cultures that focus only on HIV to the exclusion of non-AIDS multimorbidity, and managing constraints associated with multiple services co-location. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03643705.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Schexnayder
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-7343 USA
| | - Chris T. Longenecker
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH USA ,grid.241104.20000 0004 0452 4020University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Charles Muiruri
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Hayden B. Bosworth
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Daniel Gebhardt
- grid.411931.f0000 0001 0035 4528MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Sarah E. Gonzales
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jan E. Hanson
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-7343 USA
| | | | - Nwora Lance Okeke
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Isabelle P. Sico
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Rajesh Vedanthan
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Allison R. Webel
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-7343 USA
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30
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deJong NA, Vu MB, Cui J, Dole M, Moulton DE, Kappelman MD. A Multiple Case Study of Coordinated Care for Children with IBD through Caregiver Interviews. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE COORDINATION 2021; 23:156-164. [PMID: 33884199 DOI: 10.1177/2053434520979957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Effective care coordination is critical to manage unpredictable complications of conditions such as pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that have a relapsing and remitting course. Our objective was to explore perspectives of care coordination following emergency department (ED) visits by children with IBD, because these may indicate deficient care coordination. Methods Using a multiple case study approach, we sought perspectives through semi-structured interviews of caregivers (parents, primary care providers, and gastroenterologists) for children with IBD who had a recent ED visit in either of two large pediatric referral centers in the southeastern US. We used criterion sampling to identify eligible participants through a medical record report of ED visits, and iterative sampling concurrent with analysis until no new themes were identified. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and transcripts were coded using directed content analysis to identify emergent themes. Results From twenty-six interviews, three major themes emerged: perceptions of appropriate expertise, desire for integration of information and services, and making assumptions instead of engaging. Participants describe distinct roles for primary care and gastroenterology providers and recognize communication and information barriers to better coordination. Some parents and gastroenterologists perceive challenges to engaging primary care providers. Common recommendations include explicit guidance from gastroenterologists to primary care providers and methods for direct communication. Discussion Stakeholders describe common barriers and facilitators for effective care coordination, but some express beliefs about provider roles that could hinder improvement efforts. Tools to support asynchronous communication and shared planning may improve coordination and care quality for complications of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal A deJong
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics; Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; 231 MacNider Hall, CB# 7225; 301B S. Columbia St., Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Maihan B Vu
- University of North Carolina, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Qualitative Research Unit, Department #4985, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jiawei Cui
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; School of Medicine, CB# 7000, 4068 Bondurant Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Michael Dole
- Vanderbilt University; Department of Pediatrics; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dedrick E Moulton
- Vanderbilt University; Department of Pediatrics; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Michael D Kappelman
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology; 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
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31
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Design of a study to implement population-based risk assessment for hereditary cancer genetic testing in primary care. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 101:106257. [PMID: 33373667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Identifying patients with high genetic risk for cancer has important clinical ramifications, but hereditary cancer risk is often not identified because of testing barriers at both the provider and patient level. It is unknown how to best implement appropriate genetic testing and follow-up care into an operating primary care clinic. Implementation studies to date have been conducted in high resourced facilities under optimal conditions, often not at the clinic level. This study aims to compare and evaluate two population-wide engagement strategies for identifying members of a primary care clinic's population with a family or personal history of cancer and offering high-risk individuals genetic testing for cancer susceptibility mutations. The two engagement strategies are: 1) point of care screening (POC), conducted when a patient is scheduled for an appointment and 2) direct patient engagement (DPE), where outreach provides the patient an opportunity to complete screening online on their own time. The study will identify changes, problems, and inefficiencies in clinical flow during and after the implementation of risk assessment and genomic testing for cancer risk across primary care clinics. It will also evaluate the effects of the two engagement strategies on patient, provider, and clinic leader outcomes, including perceptions of benefits, harms, and satisfaction with the engagement strategy and process of cancer risk assessment and genetic testing, across gender, racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and genetic literacy divides. Finally, the study will evaluate the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of each engagement strategy.
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32
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Shin J, Shin DW, Lee J, Hwang JH, Yoo JE, Ko H, Song YM. Association between perception of care coordination and health outcomes in Korean cancer survivors. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:21. [PMID: 32019567 PMCID: PMC7001372 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-1279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine relationship between cancer survivors’ perception of care coordination and their health outcomes. Methods Study subjects were 1306 Korean adulthood cancer survivors who were enrolled in two academic hospital and completed a questionnaire consisting of questions asking two aspects of care coordination for cancer treatment they had received: 1) who played a main coordinator role and 2) whether care services had met their necessitated health concerns. We measured health outcomes including new comorbidity, number of clinic visits, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Associations between the level of care coordination and health outcomes were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for covariates. Results Survivors with uncoordinated care were more likely to have more new comorbidities after cancer diagnosis, visit clinic more frequently and have worse HRQoL and higher FCR. Females and unmarried survivors were more likely to have received uncoordinated care than males and ever married survivors. Uncoordinated care group had an increased the risk of new comorbidity (odds ratio 1.73, [95% confidence interval] 1.02–2.92), multiple clinic visits (1.69, 1.00–2.88), severe FCR (2.28, 1.33–3.93), low EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale (1.82, 1.28–2.60), low global health status (1.51, 1.04–2.21), and poor physical (2.00, 1.31–3.04), role (2.46, 1.69–3.56) and emotional function (2.62, 1.81–3.78). Conclusions Coordinated care of Korean cancer survivors was associated with their health outcomes, including new comorbidity, clinic visits, HRQoL and FCR. Good care coordination may be reinforced to improve outcomes of survivorship care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jungkwon Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Hwang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Su Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Hyeonyoung Ko
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, South Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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Moser EC, Narayan G. Improving breast cancer care coordination and symptom management by using AI driven predictive toolkits. Breast 2020; 50:25-29. [PMID: 31978814 PMCID: PMC7375673 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated breast cancer care is complex, marked by multiple hand-offs between primary care and specialists over an extensive period of time. Communication is essential for treatment compliance, lowering error and complication risk, as well as handling co-morbidity. The director role of care, however, becomes often unclear, and patients remain lost across departments. Digital tools can add significant value to care communication but need clarity about the directives to perform in the care team. In effective breast cancer care, multidisciplinary team meetings can drive care planning, create directives and structured data collection. Subsequently, nurse navigators can take the director’s role and become a pivotal determinant for patient care continuity. In the complexity of care, automated AI driven planning can facilitate their tasks, however, human intervention stays needed for psychosocial support and tackling unexpected urgency. Care allocation of patients across centres, is often still done by hand and phone demanding time due to overbooked agenda’s and discontinuous system solutions limited by privacy rules and moreover, competition among providers. Collection of complete outcome information is limited to specific collaborative networks today. With data continuity over time, AI tools can facilitate both care allocation and risk prediction which may unveil non-compliance due to local scarce resources, distance and costs. Applied research is needed to bring AI modelling into clinical practice and drive well-coordinated, patient-centric cancer care in the complex web of modern healthcare today.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Moser
- UM-AI Coordinator Research, UM-AI LLC, 8 the Green. Suite #5064, Dover, DE, 19901, USA.
| | - Gayatri Narayan
- UM-AI Coordinator Research, UM-AI LLC, 8 the Green. Suite #5064, Dover, DE, 19901, USA.
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Paranjape K, Schinkel M, Nannan Panday R, Car J, Nanayakkara P. Introducing Artificial Intelligence Training in Medical Education. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 5:e16048. [PMID: 31793895 PMCID: PMC6918207 DOI: 10.2196/16048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Health care is evolving and with it the need to reform medical education. As the practice of medicine enters the age of artificial intelligence (AI), the use of data to improve clinical decision making will grow, pushing the need for skillful medicine-machine interaction. As the rate of medical knowledge grows, technologies such as AI are needed to enable health care professionals to effectively use this knowledge to practice medicine. Medical professionals need to be adequately trained in this new technology, its advantages to improve cost, quality, and access to health care, and its shortfalls such as transparency and liability. AI needs to be seamlessly integrated across different aspects of the curriculum. In this paper, we have addressed the state of medical education at present and have recommended a framework on how to evolve the medical education curriculum to include AI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiel Schinkel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rishi Nannan Panday
- Section Acute Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Josip Car
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prabath Nanayakkara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Tsui J, Howard J, O'Malley D, Miller WL, Hudson SV, Rubinstein EB, Ferrante JM, Bator A, Crabtree BF. Understanding primary care-oncology relationships within a changing healthcare environment. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2019; 20:164. [PMID: 31775653 PMCID: PMC6882058 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-019-1056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Management of care transitions from primary care into and out of oncology is critical for optimal care of cancer patients and cancer survivors. There is limited understanding of existing primary care-oncology relationships within the context of the changing health care environment. Methods Through a comparative case study of 14 innovative primary care practices throughout the United States (U.S.), we examined relationships between primary care and oncology settings to identify attributes contributing to strengthened relationships in diverse settings. Field researchers observed practices for 10–12 days, recording fieldnotes and conducting interviews. We created a reduced dataset of all text related to primary care-oncology relationships, and collaboratively identified patterns to characterize these relationships through an inductive “immersion/crystallization” analysis process. Results Nine of the 14 practices discussed having either formal or informal primary care-oncology relationships. Nearly all formal primary care-oncology relationships were embedded within healthcare systems. The majority of private, independent practices had more informal relationships between individual primary care physicians and specific oncologists. Practices with formal relationships noted health system infrastructure that facilitates transfer of patient information and timely referrals. Practices with informal relationships described shared commitment, trust, and rapport with specific oncologists. Regardless of relationship type, challenges reported by primary care settings included lack of clarity about roles and responsibilities during cancer treatment and beyond. Conclusions With the rapid transformation of U.S. healthcare towards system ownership of primary care practices, efforts are needed to integrate strengths of informal primary care-oncology relationships in addition to formal system driven relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tsui
- Division of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
| | - Jenna Howard
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Denalee O'Malley
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - William L Miller
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 1247 S. Cedar Crest Blvd., Allentown, PA, 18103, USA
| | - Shawna V Hudson
- Division of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ellen B Rubinstein
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Dakota State University, 428 Minard Hall, 1210 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Jeanne M Ferrante
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Alicja Bator
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Benjamin F Crabtree
- Division of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Karampela M, Isomursu M, Porat T, Maramis C, Mountford N, Giunti G, Chouvarda I, Lehocki F. The Extent and Coverage of Current Knowledge of Connected Health: Systematic Mapping Study. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e14394. [PMID: 31573915 PMCID: PMC6785722 DOI: 10.2196/14394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study examines the development of the connected health (CH) research landscape with a view to providing an overview of the existing CH research. The research field of CH has experienced rapid growth coinciding with increasing pressure on health care systems to become more proactive and patient centered. Objective This study aimed to assess the extent and coverage of the current body of knowledge in CH. In doing so, we sought to identify specific topics that have drawn the attention of CH researchers and to identify research gaps, in particular those offering opportunities for further interdisciplinary research. Methods A systematic mapping study that combined scientific contributions from research in the disciplines of medicine, business, computer science, and engineering was used. Overall, seven classification criteria were used to analyze the papers, including publication source, publication year, research type, empirical type, contribution type, research topic, and the medical condition studied. Results The search resulted in 208 papers that were analyzed by a multidisciplinary group of researchers. The results indicated a slow start for CH research but showed a more recent steady upswing since 2013. The majority of papers proposed health care solutions (77/208, 37.0%) or evaluated CH approaches (49/208, 23.5%). Case studies (59/208, 28.3%) and experiments (55/208, 26.4%) were the most popular forms of scientific validation used. Diabetes, cancer, multiple sclerosis, and heart conditions were among the most prevalent medical conditions studied. Conclusions We conclude that CH research has become an established field of research that has grown over the last five years. The results of this study indicate a focus on technology-driven research with a strong contribution from medicine, whereas the business aspects of CH have received less research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Talya Porat
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Fedor Lehocki
- Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Flieger SP, Thomas CP, Prottas J. Improving Interorganizational Coordination Between Primary Care and Oncology: Adapting a Chronic Care Management Model for Patients With Cancer. Med Care Res Rev 2019; 78:229-239. [PMID: 31462141 DOI: 10.1177/1077558719870699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the implementation of a payment and delivery system innovation to improve coordination and communication between primary care and oncology. We employed a qualitative case study approach, conducting interviews (n = 18), and reviewing archival materials. Chronic care coordinators and the cancer center social worker acted as boundary spanners. The chronic care coordinator role built on medical home infrastructure, applying the chronic care model to cancer care. Coordination from primary care to oncology became more routinized, with information sharing prompted by specific events. These new boundary spanner roles enabled greater coordination around uncertain and interdependent tasks. Recommendations for scaling up include the following: establish systematic approaches to learning from implementation, leverage existing capacity for scalability, and attend to the content and purpose of information sharing.
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Peterson K, Anderson J, Bourne D, Charns MP, Gorin SS, Hynes DM, McDonald KM, Singer SJ, Yano EM. Health Care Coordination Theoretical Frameworks: a Systematic Scoping Review to Increase Their Understanding and Use in Practice. J Gen Intern Med 2019; 34:90-98. [PMID: 31098976 PMCID: PMC6542910 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-04966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Care coordination is crucial to avoid potential risks of care fragmentation in people with complex care needs. While there are many empirical and conceptual approaches to measuring and improving care coordination, use of theory is limited by its complexity and the wide variability of available frameworks. We systematically identified and categorized existing care coordination theoretical frameworks in new ways to make the theory-to-practice link more accessible. METHODS To identify relevant frameworks, we searched MEDLINE®, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and SocINDEX from 2010 to May 2018, and various other nonbibliographic sources. We summarized framework characteristics and organized them using categories from the Sustainable intEgrated chronic care modeLs for multi-morbidity: delivery, FInancing, and performancE (SELFIE) framework. Based on expert input, we then categorized available frameworks on consideration of whether they addressed contextual factors, what locus they addressed, and their design elements. We used predefined criteria for study selection and data abstraction. RESULTS Among 4389 citations, we identified 37 widely diverse frameworks, including 16 recent frameworks unidentified by previous reviews. Few led to development of measures (39%) or initiatives (6%). We identified 5 that are most relevant to primary care. The 2018 framework by Weaver et al., describing relationships between a wide range of primary care-specific domains, may be the most useful to those investigating the effectiveness of primary care coordination approaches. We also identified 3 frameworks focused on locus and design features of implementation that could prove especially useful to those responsible for implementing care coordination. DISCUSSION This review identified the most comprehensive frameworks and their main emphases for several general practice-relevant applications. Greater application of these frameworks in the design and evaluation of coordination approaches may increase their consistent implementation and measurement. Future research should emphasize implementation-focused frameworks that better identify factors and mechanisms through which an initiative achieves impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Peterson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Portland Health Care System, Evidence-based Synthesis Program (ESP) Coordinating Center, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Johanna Anderson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Portland Health Care System, Evidence-based Synthesis Program (ESP) Coordinating Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Donald Bourne
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Portland Health Care System, Evidence-based Synthesis Program (ESP) Coordinating Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Martin P Charns
- VA HSR&D Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sherri Sheinfeld Gorin
- New York Physicians against Cancer (NYPAC), New York, NY, USA.,The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Denise M Hynes
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Sara J Singer
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford University Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Yano
- VA HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation & Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Health Policy & Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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40
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McDonald KM, Singer SJ, Gorin SS, Haggstrom DA, Hynes DM, Charns MP, Yano EM, Lucatorto MA, Zulman DM, Ong MK, Axon RN, Vogel D, Upton M. Incorporating Theory into Practice: Reconceptualizing Exemplary Care Coordination Initiatives from the US Veterans Health Delivery System. J Gen Intern Med 2019; 34:24-29. [PMID: 31098965 PMCID: PMC6542860 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-04969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This perspective paper seeks to lay out an efficient approach for health care providers, researchers, and other stakeholders involved in interventions aimed at improving care coordination to partner in locating and using applicable care coordination theory. The objective is to learn from relevant theory-based literature about fit between intervention options and coordination needs, thereby bringing insights from theory to enhance intervention design, implementation, and troubleshooting. To take this idea from an abstract notion to tangible application, our workgroup on models and measures from the Veterans Health Administration (VA) State of the Art (SOTA) conference on care coordination first summarizes our distillation of care coordination theoretical frameworks (models) into three common conceptual domains-context of an intervention, locus in which an intervention is applied, and specific design features of the intervention. Then we apply these three conceptual domains to four cases of care coordination interventions ("use cases") chosen to represent various scopes and stages of interventions to improve care coordination for veterans. Taken together, these examples make theory more accessible and practical by demonstrating how it can be applied to specific cases. Drawing from theory offers one method to anticipate which intervention options match a particular coordination situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M McDonald
- Center for Health Policy/Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sara J Singer
- Center for Health Policy/Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford University Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sherri Sheinfeld Gorin
- New York Physicians against Cancer (NYPAC), New York, NY, USA
- The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David A Haggstrom
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Denise M Hynes
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care (CIVIC), VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Martin P Charns
- VA HSR&D Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Yano
- VA HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation & Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy & Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Donna M Zulman
- Center for Health Policy/Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael K Ong
- VA HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation & Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy & Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Neal Axon
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Donna Vogel
- VA Office of Nursing Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark Upton
- VHA Office of Community Care, Denver, CO, USA
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Lin SC, Regenbogen SE, Hollingsworth JM, Funk R, Adler-Milstein J. Coordination of Care Around Surgery for Colon Cancer: Insights From National Patterns of Physician Encounters With Medicare Beneficiaries. J Oncol Pract 2018; 15:e110-e121. [PMID: 30550373 DOI: 10.1200/jop.18.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve care coordination for complex cancers, it is critical to establish a more nuanced understanding of the types of providers involved. As the number of provider types increases, strategies to support cancer care coordination must adapt to a greater variety of information needs, communication styles, and treatment strategies. METHODS We categorized providers into 11 types, using National Provider Identifier specialties. Using Medicare claims, we counted the number of unique combinations of provider types billed during preoperative, operative, and postdischarge care for colon cancer surgery and assessed how this count varies across hospitals. The study included 70,567 beneficiaries in fee-for-service Medicare A and B for 6 months before and 60 days after an admission for colectomy for colon cancer between 2008 and 2011. RESULTS We observed 1,554 preoperative provider-type combinations, 975 operative combinations, and 1,571 postdischarge combinations. The three most common combinations in the preoperative phase were general medicine only, other medical specialists only, and general medicine and other medical specialists. In the operative phase, the three most common combinations were primary surgery, anesthesiology, and pathology; general medicine, other medical specialists, radiology, primary surgery, anesthesiology, and pathology; and other medical specialists, radiology, primary surgery, anesthesiology, and pathology. In the postdischarge phase, the three most common combinations were general medicine, general medicine and other medical specialists, and general medicine and oncology. On average, each hospital had 15 preoperative, 11 operative, and 15 postoperative combinations. High-volume, larger, teaching, urban, and noncritical access hospitals had more combinations in all phases. CONCLUSION Many provider-type combinations are involved in colon cancer surgery care. Substantial variation exists across hospitals types, suggesting that certain hospitals need additional resources and more flexible infrastructure to coordinate care.
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Weaver SJ, Jacobsen PB. Cancer care coordination: opportunities for healthcare delivery research. Transl Behav Med 2018; 8:503-508. [PMID: 29800404 PMCID: PMC6257019 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this commentary, we discuss opportunities to explore issues related to care coordination at three points on the cancer care continuum: (1) screening, particularly coordinating follow-up for abnormal findings, (2) active treatment, particularly challenges for patients with multiple chronic conditions, and (3) survivorship, particularly issues related to facilitating shared care between oncology and primary care. For each point on the continuum, we briefly summarize some of the important coordination issues and discuss potential avenues for future research in the context of existing evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallie J Weaver
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Paul B Jacobsen
- Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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