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Matias P, Ávila G, Ferreira AC, Laranjinha I, Ferreira A. Hypomagnesemia: a potential underlooked cause of persistent vitamin D deficiency in chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:1776-1785. [PMID: 37915933 PMCID: PMC10616498 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium and vitamin D play important roles in most cells of the body. These nutrients act in a coordinated fashion to maintain physiologic functions of various organs, and their abnormal balance could adversely affect these functions. Therefore, deficient states of both nutrients may lead to several chronic medical conditions and increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have altered metabolism of both magnesium and vitamin D. Some studies indicate that magnesium could have a role in the synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D, and that magnesium supplementation substantially reversed the resistance to vitamin D treatment in some clinical situations. Recent observational studies also found that magnesium intake significantly interacted with vitamin D status and, particularly with the risk of cardiovascular mortality. It is therefore essential to ensure adequate levels of magnesium to obtain the optimal benefits of vitamin D supplementation in CKD patients. In this review, we discuss magnesium physiology, magnesium and vitamin D metabolism in CKD, potential metabolic interactions between magnesium and vitamin D and its clinical relevance, as well as the possible role of magnesium supplementation to assure adequate vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Matias
- Nephrology Department, Hospital de Santa Cruz - Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Ávila
- Nephrology Department, Hospital de Santa Cruz - Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Ana Carina Ferreira
- NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nephrology department, Hospital Curry Cabral - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ivo Laranjinha
- Nephrology Department, Hospital de Santa Cruz - Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Aníbal Ferreira
- NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nephrology department, Hospital Curry Cabral - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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2
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Luo H, Feng J, Xue G, Zhang Y, Li Y, Huang X, Chen X, You S, Dong H, Li L, Li J, Xiao H, Ai X, Li X, Huang B. Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of 12 Phosphorus-Lowering Drugs in Adults with Hyperphosphatemia and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Blood Purif 2023; 52:609-620. [PMID: 37591223 DOI: 10.1159/000531577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperphosphatemia is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Drug therapy has an irreplaceable role in the management of hyperphosphatemia. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare and rank phosphorus-lowering drugs, including phosphate binder and nonphosphate binder, in hyperphosphatemia adults with CKD. METHODS We did a systematic review and frequentist random-effect network meta-analysis. We searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase from inception to February 1, 2023, for randomized controlled trials of 12 phosphorus-lowering drugs in adults with hyperphosphatemia and CKD. Primary outcomes were efficacy (changes in serum phosphorus) and acceptability (treatment withdrawals due to any cause). We ranked each drug according to the value of surface under the cumulative ranking curve. We applied the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis frameworks to rate the certainty of evidence. This study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42022322270. RESULTS We identified 2,174 citations, and of these, we included 94 trials comprising 14,459 participants and comparing 13 drugs or placebo. In terms of efficacy, except for niacinamide, all drugs lowered the level of serum phosphorus compared with placebo, with mean difference ranging between -1.61 (95% credible interval [CrI], -2.60 to -0.62) mg/dL for magnesium carbonate and -0.85 (-1.66 to -0.05) mg/dL for bixalomer. Only ferric citrate with odds ratios 0.56 (95% CrI: 0.36-0.89) was significantly associated with fewer dropouts for acceptability. Of the 94 trials, 43 (46%), 7 (7%), and 44 (47%) trials were rated as high, moderate, and low risk of bias, respectively, the certainty of the evidence was moderate to very low. CONCLUSIONS Magnesium carbonate has the best phosphorus-lowering effect in hyperphosphatemia adults with CKD; considering efficacy and acceptability, ferric citrate shows evidence to be the most appropriate drug with or without dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houli Luo
- Department of Radiology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Xue
- Department of Burn and Plastic, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanbiao Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunming Li
- Department of Information, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang You
- Department of Burn and Plastic, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongfei Dong
- Department of Burn and Plastic, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingfan Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Juncheng Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Hualin Xiao
- Department of Burn and Plastic, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Ai
- Department of Burn and Plastic, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianhui Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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Development of a cyclic-inverso AHSG/Fetuin A-based peptide for inhibition of calcification in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 31:727-740. [PMID: 36414226 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ectopic calcification is an important contributor to chronic diseases, such as osteoarthritis. Currently, no effective therapies exist to counteract calcification. We developed peptides derived from the calcium binding domain of human Alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein (AHSG/Fetuin A) to counteract calcification. METHODS A library of seven 30 amino acid (AA) long peptides, spanning the 118 AA Cystatin 1 domain of AHSG, were synthesized and evaluated in an in vitro calcium phosphate precipitation assay. The best performing peptide was modified (cyclic, retro-inverso and combinations thereof) and evaluated in cellular calcification models and the rat Medial Collateral Ligament Transection + Medial Meniscal Tear (MCLT + MMT) osteoarthritis model. RESULTS A cyclic peptide spanning AA 1-30 of mature AHSG showed clear inhibition of calcium phosphate precipitation in the nM-pM range that far exceeded the biological activity of the linear peptide variant or bovine Fetuin. Biochemical and electron microscopy analyses of calcium phosphate particles revealed a similar, but distinct, mode of action in comparison with bFetuin. A cyclic-inverso variant of the AHSG 1-30 peptide inhibited calcification of human articular chondrocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and during osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived stromal cells. Lastly, we evaluated the effect of intra-articular injection of the cyclic-inverso AHSG 1-30 peptide in a rat osteoarthritis model. A significant improvement was found in histopathological osteoarthritis score and animal mobility. Serum levels of IFNγ were found to be lower in AHSG 1-30 peptide treated animals. CONCLUSIONS The cyclic-inverso AHSG 1-30 peptide directly inhibits the calcification process and holds the potential for future application in osteoarthritis.
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Yang J, Wang M, Yang J, Chu Z, Chen X, Wu X, Peng X. Calcifying nanoparticles initiate the calcification process of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro through the activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and promote the decay of echinococcosis. Open Life Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The role of the calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs) in the calcification process of the outer cyst wall in hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE) remains unknown. CNPs were isolated from the tissues of the patients with HCE. Western blotting, alkaline phosphatase staining, and alizarin staining were performed to detect the cellular calcium ion deposition induced by the CNPs. CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays were conducted to determine the effect of CNPs on the apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Western blot experiments were performed to examine the expression levels of apoptosis-related factors and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway constituents. Treatment with CNPs induced the differentiation of MSCs. Calcium-related proteins, including OPN, BMP-2, and RUNX2, were upregulated after the CNP treatment. Similarly, CNP exposure increased the cellular calcium ion deposition in MSCs. In addition, the expression of Bax and Caspase-8 was elevated by the CNPs in MSCs. Treatment with CNPs promoted MSC apoptosis and inhibited the MSC growth. The TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway was also activated after the CNP treatment. This study indicated that CNPs may play a critical role in initiating calcification of the outer cyst wall of HCE and promote the decay of echinococcosis, providing a new strategy for the treatment of hepatic echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Center of Hepatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , 430030 , China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Department of Nursing, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , 832000, Xinjiang , China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
| | - Zhiqiang Chu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Department of Immunology, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , 832000, Xinjiang , China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , Xinjiang, 832000 , China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University , Shihezi , 832000, Xinjiang , China
| | - Xinyu Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
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Gelli R, Pucci V, Ridi F, Baglioni P. A study on biorelevant calciprotein particles: Effect of stabilizing agents on the formation and crystallization mechanisms. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 620:431-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Peride I, Tiglis M, Neagu TP, Niculae A, Checherita IA. Magnesium—A More Important Role in CKD–MBD than We Thought. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040880. [PMID: 35453928 PMCID: PMC9031465 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with different complications, including chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD), which represents a systemic disorder that involves the presence of different mineral or bone structure abnormalities (i.e., modification of bone turnover, strength, volume, etc.), including even vascular calcification development. Even if, over the years, different pathophysiological theories have been developed to explain the onset and progression of CKD–MBD, the influence and importance of serum magnesium level on the evolution of CKD have only recently been highlighted. So far, data are inconclusive and conflicting; therefore, further studies are necessary to validate these findings, which could be useful in developing a better, more adequate, and personalized management of CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Peride
- Clinical Department No. 3, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Mirela Tiglis
- Clinical Department No. 14, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Tiberiu Paul Neagu
- Clinical Department No. 11, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andrei Niculae
- Clinical Department No. 3, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Ionel Alexandru Checherita
- Clinical Department No. 3, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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Celebi G, Anapali M, Dagistanli FK, Akdemir AS, Aydemir D, Ulusu NN, Ulutin T, Komurcu-Bayrak E. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on OPG/RANKL signalling activities in endothelial tissue damage in diet-induced diabetic rat model. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 74:124-134. [PMID: 34657267 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that causes endothelial damage and is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. In the present study vitamin D3 supplementation in rats was used to determine the role of Osteoprotegerin (OPG)/Receptor activator kB ligand (RANKL) signalling in endothelial damage and changes in the expression levels of genes involved in this pathway. We hypothesized that vitamin D3 supplementation affects OPG and RANKL activity in the aorta. METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats via injections of 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin followed by a high fructose (10%) diet. Group 2 (healthy) and 4 (diabetic) received 170 IU/kg of vitamin D3 weekly for 5 weeks, while Group 1 (healthy) and 2 (diabetic) received sterile saline. The aortas of each group were collected to analyse mRNA expression using the real-time PCR method and also to evaluate magnesium and calcium levels using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Opg and Il-1b expression levels were significantly associated with both diabetes and vitamin D3 supplementation in the aortas of the study groups (p ≤ 0.05). Opg mRNA expression was also found to correlate with both Icam-1 and Nos3 mRNA expression levels (r = 0.699, p = 0.001 and r = 0.622, p = 0.003, respectively). In addition, when mineral levels in the aortic tissues were compared among all groups, it was found that the interaction of diabetes and vitamin D3 supplementation significantly affected Mg levels and Mg/Ca ratios. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that vitamin D3 supplementation has a modulatory effect on OPG/RANKL activity in the vessel wall by ameliorating endothelial damage in diabetes. This effect may contribute to the regulation of cytokine-mediated vascular homeostasis and mineral deposition in the aorta; therefore, further comprehensive studies are proposed to demonstrate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Celebi
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Merve Anapali
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Biology Department, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kaya Dagistanli
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Seda Akdemir
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aydemir
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Koç University, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Koç University, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgut Ulutin
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evrim Komurcu-Bayrak
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vascular calcification (VC) is associated with increased cardiovascular event rates, particularly in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Dysregulated mineral metabolism and inflammation have been shown to promote VC, however, treatment options targeting VC specifically are not available. This review outlines the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to VC in ESKD and describes recent studies evaluating the effects of the first-in-class inhibitor of VC, SNF472. RECENT FINDINGS SNF472 directly inhibits calcium phosphate crystal formation and aggregation. SNF472 has completed early phase clinical trials with a favourable safety profile and Phase 2 clinical trial data have shown attenuation of coronary artery and aortic valve calcification in patients receiving hemodialysis. SUMMARY Therapeutic agents that directly target VC may prevent the multiple complications associated with dystrophic calcification in patients with ESKD.
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Mathew AA, Panonnummal R. 'Magnesium'-the master cation-as a drug-possibilities and evidences. Biometals 2021; 34:955-986. [PMID: 34213669 PMCID: PMC8249833 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the 2nd most abundant intracellular cation, which participates in various enzymatic reactions; there by regulating vital biological functions. Magnesium (Mg2+) can regulate several cations, including sodium, potassium, and calcium; it consequently maintains physiological functions like impulse conduction, blood pressure, heart rhythm, and muscle contraction. But, it doesn't get much attention in account with its functions, making it a "Forgotten cation". Like other cations, maintenance of the normal physiological level of Mg2+ is important. Its deficiency is associated with various diseases, which point out to the importance of Mg2+ as a drug. The roles of Mg2+ such as natural calcium antagonist, glutamate NMDA receptor blocker, vasodilator, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent are responsible for its therapeutic benefits. Various salts of Mg2+ are currently in clinical use, but their application is limited. This review collates all the possible mechanisms behind the behavior of magnesium as a drug at different disease conditions with clinical shreds of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ann Mathew
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Rajitha Panonnummal
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
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Yuan Q, Xie Y, Peng Z, Wang J, Zhou Q, Xiao X, Wang W, Huang L, Tang W, Li X, Zhang L, Wang F, Zhao MH, Tao L, He K, Wanggou S, Xu H. Urinary magnesium predicts risk of cardiovascular disease in Chronic Kidney Disease stage 1-4 patients. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2394-2400. [PMID: 33160701 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies on dietary or circulating magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage 1-4 have reported no-to-modest inverse associations. 24 h Urinary magnesium concentration (24 h UMg), an indicator of intestinal magnesium absorption, may provide better insight into the connection of CKD progression. We examined 3179 participants aged 18-74 years with CKD stage 1-4 in the Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease (C-STRIDE) study, a prospective population-based cohort study. Data were analysed using Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients for all comparisons. We also performed a time-to-event analysis of the data using the Kaplan-Meier survival model, Cox proportional hazard model and competing risk Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model. During a median follow-up of 4.19 years (interquartile range, 3.43-5.09 years), when modelling end-stage renal disease (ESRD), CVD and death, 24 h UMg was associated with risk of CVD (HR, 1.612 (95% CI, 1.056-2.460)), while no significant association with ESRD and death endpoints could be detected. 24 h UMg risk variants display a modest association with CVD in CKD stage 1-4 patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03041987. Registered January 1, 2012. (retrospectively registered) (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03041987?term=Chinese+Cohort+Study+of+Chronic+Kidney+Disease+%28C-STRIDE%29&rank=1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongjing Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yanyun Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jinwei Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, China; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wenbin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiaozhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Luxia Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, China; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China; Center for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, China; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, China; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Kevin He
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Zununi Vahed S, Mostafavi S, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Shoja MM, Ardalan M. Vascular Calcification: An Important Understanding in Nephrology. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2020; 16:167-180. [PMID: 32494148 PMCID: PMC7229867 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s242685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a life-threatening state in chronic kidney disease (CKD). High cardiovascular mortality and morbidity of CKD cases may root from medial VC promoted by hyperphosphatemia. Vascular calcification is an active, highly regulated, and complex biological process that is mediated by genetics, epigenetics, dysregulated form of matrix mineral metabolism, hormones, and the activation of cellular signaling pathways. Moreover, gut microbiome as a source of uremic toxins (eg, phosphate, advanced glycation end products and indoxyl-sulfate) can be regarded as a potential contributor to VC in CKD. Here, an update on different cellular and molecular processes involved in VC in CKD is discussed to elucidate the probable therapeutic pathways in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soroush Mostafavi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadali M Shoja
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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12
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Richards TE, Kämper W, Trueman SJ, Wallace HM, Ogbourne SM, Brooks PR, Nichols J, Hosseini Bai S. Relationships between Nut Size, Kernel Quality, Nutritional Composition and Levels of Outcrossing in Three Macadamia Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E228. [PMID: 32053871 PMCID: PMC7076547 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tree nuts play an important role in healthy diets, but their economic value and nutritional quality may be affected by their size and paternity. We assessed relationships between nut size and kernel recovery, the incidence of whole kernels, fatty acid composition and mineral nutrient concentrations in three macadamia cultivars, "Daddow", "816" and "A4". We determined to what extent differences in nut size and quality were the result of different levels of cross- or self-paternity. Small nuts of all cultivars had lower kernel recovery than large nuts, and small nuts provided lower incidence of whole kernels in "Daddow" and "A4". Small kernels had a lower relative abundance of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, in all cultivars and higher relative abundance of the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, in "Daddow" and "A4". Small kernels had higher concentrations of many essential nutrients such as nitrogen and calcium, although potassium concentrations were lower in small kernels. Most nuts arose from cross-pollination. Therefore, nut size and kernel quality were not related to different levels of cross- and self-paternity. Identified cross-paternity was 88%, 78% and 90%, and identified self-paternity was 3%, 2% and 0%, for "Daddow", "816" and "A4", respectively. Small macadamia kernels are at least as nutritious as large macadamia kernels. High levels of cross-paternity confirmed that many macadamia cultivars are predominantly outcrossing. Macadamia growers may need to closely inter-plant cultivars and manage beehives to maximise cross-pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarran E. Richards
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (T.E.R.); (W.K.); (H.M.W.); (S.M.O.); (P.R.B.); (J.N.); (S.H.B.)
| | - Wiebke Kämper
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (T.E.R.); (W.K.); (H.M.W.); (S.M.O.); (P.R.B.); (J.N.); (S.H.B.)
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Trueman
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (T.E.R.); (W.K.); (H.M.W.); (S.M.O.); (P.R.B.); (J.N.); (S.H.B.)
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Helen M. Wallace
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (T.E.R.); (W.K.); (H.M.W.); (S.M.O.); (P.R.B.); (J.N.); (S.H.B.)
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Steven M. Ogbourne
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (T.E.R.); (W.K.); (H.M.W.); (S.M.O.); (P.R.B.); (J.N.); (S.H.B.)
| | - Peter R. Brooks
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (T.E.R.); (W.K.); (H.M.W.); (S.M.O.); (P.R.B.); (J.N.); (S.H.B.)
| | - Joel Nichols
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (T.E.R.); (W.K.); (H.M.W.); (S.M.O.); (P.R.B.); (J.N.); (S.H.B.)
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Shahla Hosseini Bai
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (T.E.R.); (W.K.); (H.M.W.); (S.M.O.); (P.R.B.); (J.N.); (S.H.B.)
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
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Pendón-Ruiz de Mier MV, Rodelo-Haad C, Díaz-Tocados JM, Muñoz-Castañeda JR, Rodríguez M. Magnesium: An old player revisited in the context of CKD-MBD. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 501:53-59. [PMID: 31836501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a wide number of abnormalities in mineral metabolism. Often, these alterations are the leading players in the development of comorbidities associated with CKD, which are risk factors of mortality. In this context, mineral and bone disorder associated with CKD (CKD-MBD) are highlighted, connecting bone, renal, and cardiovascular disorders. Many studies have been led to propose strategies to avoid, reduce, or slow down CKD-MBD progression using different compositions of metallic elements-based P binders such as aluminum, magnesium, or calcium. Magnesium, the aim of this review, has been used by nephrologists to treat CKD-MBD with a variable acceptation due mainly to different results on bone homeostasis. Nowadays, we have new evidence about the efficacy of magnesium supplementation on vascular calcification, renal function, and bone disorders, suggesting potential beneficial effects of Magnesium in the management of CKD-MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Pendón-Ruiz de Mier
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Rodelo-Haad
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Díaz-Tocados
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - J R Muñoz-Castañeda
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Rodríguez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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