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Cao X, Li S, Guan Y, Shao Z, Jiang M, Wang M, Hao X. Blood Calcium, Genetic Risk, and Risk of Incident Kidney Stone: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2024; 99:1248-1260. [PMID: 38639678 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between blood calcium concentration and incident kidney stone as well as to assess the role played by genetic susceptibility. METHODS We performed a population-based cohort study based on participants from the UK Biobank. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of incident kidney stone for blood calcium level and polygenic risk score (PRS). In addition, the potential interaction was explored. The study was conducted from January 28, 2023, through June 4, 2023. RESULTS During the follow-up of 423,301 participants with a total of 5,490,332 person-years (median follow-up of 13.4 years), 4502 cases of kidney stone were recorded. Compared with the low blood calcium concentration group (first tertile), individuals in the high (third tertile) and moderate (second tertile) concentration groups had higher risks of kidney stone with HRs of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.15 to 1.33) and 1.11 (1.04 to 1.20), respectively. The PRS for kidney stone contained 40 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms and was used to assign individuals to 3 groups according to the quintile. Participants with high (Q5) and moderate (Q2 to Q4) genetic risks had increased risks of kidney stone compared with low (Q1) genetic risk with HRs of 1.70 (1.53 to 1.89) and 1.31 (1.20 to 1.44), respectively. There was a joint cumulative risk of incident kidney stone between blood calcium concentration and genetic susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Blood calcium concentration and PRS are significantly associated with incident kidney stone risk. Excessive blood calcium concentration might bring additional stone risk in populations at high genetic risk. A nonlinear correlation between blood calcium concentration and kidney stone risk was indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunlong Guan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhonghe Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Minghui Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xingjie Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Alaqabani H, Omar H, Barham SY, Al Zuaini HH, Ugorenko A, Khaleel A. The awareness of renal stones amongst Syrian refugees in northern Jordan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300999. [PMID: 38875284 PMCID: PMC11178229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney Stone Disease (KSD) is a globally prevalent condition that can be effectively addressed through proper education. This study investigated the awareness of kidney stones among refugees residing in northern Jordan. A questionnaire was administered to 487 refugees of diverse ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. Notably, 97.3% of the respondents had not attended university, and 30.8% held unskilled jobs. Upon familiarizing themselves with the signs and symptoms of kidney stones, 16.22% of men and 12.32% of women reported experiencing such symptoms. This revealed a significant association, suggesting that men might be more susceptible to developing kidney stones than women due to a lack of medical follow-up and examination for men in the camp. However, 38.77% of individuals were uncertain whether they had kidney stones. Furthermore, 38.96% of refugees were unsure about which healthcare professional to consult when experiencing kidney stone symptoms. This report highlights a serious issue with refugees' knowledge of the symptoms, causes, and treatments for kidney stones. The results indicate that Syrian refugees face challenges in acquiring adequate disease awareness, potentially related to issues of migration and war, including low levels of education, limited income, living in camps, and difficulties accessing treatments when needed. Implementing additional policies is necessary to address these challenges among Syrian refugees; however, further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakam Alaqabani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hani Omar
- Faculty of Information Technology, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sara Yaser Barham
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hashim H Al Zuaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Agata Ugorenko
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anas Khaleel
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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3
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Kanlaya R, Subkod C, Nanthawuttiphan S, Thongboonkerd V. The protective effect of caffeine against oxalate-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular cells via mitochondrial preservation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116144. [PMID: 38198962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the key mechanisms for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis are also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Increasing evidence has shown that caffeine, the main bioactive compound in coffee, exerts both anti-fibrotic and anti-lithogenic properties but with unclear mechanisms. Herein, we address the protective effect of caffeine against mitochondrial dysfunction during oxalate-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal cells. Analyses revealed that oxalate successfully induced EMT in MDCK renal cells as evidenced by the increased expression of several EMT-related genes (i.e., Snai1, Fn1 and Acta2). Oxalate also suppressed cellular metabolic activity and intracellular ATP level, but increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, oxalate reduced abundance of active mitochondria and induced mitochondrial fragmentation (fission). Furthermore, oxalate decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and content as evidenced by decreased expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX4), and total mitochondrial proteins. Nonetheless, these oxalate-induced deteriorations in MDCK cells and their mitochondria were successfully hampered by caffeine. Knockdown of Snai1 gene by small interfering RNA (siRNA) completely abolished the effects of oxalate on suppression of cellular metabolic activity, intracellular ATP and abundance of active mitochondria, indicating that these oxalate-induced renal cell deteriorations were mediated through the Snai1 EMT-related gene. These data, at least in part, unveil the anti-fibrotic mechanism of caffeine during oxalate-induced EMT in renal cells by preserving mitochondrial biogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chonnicha Subkod
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Supanan Nanthawuttiphan
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Ushimoto C, Sugiki S, Kunii K, Inoue S, Kuroda E, Akai R, Iwawaki T, Miyazawa K. Dynamic change and preventive role of stress response via Keap1-Nrf2 during renal crystal formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:120-132. [PMID: 37451369 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major risk factor for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Reports suggest that oxidative stress response is induced in animals and humans with kidney stones. Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 are known as oxidative stress mediators. However, the association between oxidative stress response and stone formation is unclear. In this study, we analyzed oxidative stress response from the acute to the crystal formation phase when crystal formation was applied to renal crystal mice model and bioimaging mice and investigated the effect on crystal formation. In renal tissues, after glyoxylate administration, HO-1 increased for up to 6 h and returned to baseline at 24 h. This was observed following each daily dose until five days after the crystallization phase; however, the range of increase was attenuated. The possibility that Nrf2 activity influenced the number of crystals was considered in the experiment. Crystal formation increased in Nrf2-deficient mice and could be reduced by Nrf2 activators. In conclusion, the oxidative stress response via the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway may contribute to crystal formation. Particularly, this pathway may be a prospective target for drug development to prevent and cure nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharuko Ushimoto
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sugiki
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Kenshirou Kunii
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shinya Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Eriko Kuroda
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ryoko Akai
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Katsuhito Miyazawa
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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Deng H, Zhang X, Cheng N, Zhang J, Song C, Sun Y, Hou Z, Li Y, Wang Q, Yin J, Meng Q. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia associated with increased risk of nephrolithiasis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1525. [PMID: 37563625 PMCID: PMC10416353 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing evidence shows that there is an independent correlation between nephrolithiasis and gout, and hyperuricemia is the most important risk factor for gout. However, hyperuricemia was often used as an accompanying symptom of gout to explore its association with nephrolithiasis, there were few studies to explore whether hyperuricemia itself or serum uric acid (SUA) is related to the risk of nephrolithiasis. Evidence on the relationship between hyperuricemia and nephrolithiasis is still insufficient. METHODS A total of 22,303 participants aged 30 to 79 years who participated in the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study in Yunnan Province from May 2018 to September 2019 were included in the study. All participants received standardized face-to-face interviews, medical examinations, and biochemical examinations. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between hyperuricemia and nephrolithiasis, and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was used to explore the dose-response relationship between SUA and the risk of nephrolithiasis. RESULTS 14.5% of all participants were diagnosed with hyperuricemia, and 12.1% were diagnosed with nephrolithiasis. After adjusting for all potential confounders, the OR (95%CI) for nephrolithiasis in participants with hyperuricemia compared with participants without hyperuricemia was 1.464 (1.312,1.633), p < 0.001. Restricted cubic spline regression analysis showed that the risk of nephrolithiasis increased with the increase of SUA, and when the level of SUA is higher than 356 μmol/L in males and higher than 265 μmol/L in females, there is a dose-response relationship between the increase of SUA and the risk of nephrolithiasis in both males and females (p for nonlinearity = 0.1668, p for nonlinearity = 0.0667). CONCLUSION Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is associated with an increased risk of developing nephrolithiasis. Before reaching the diagnostic criteria for hyperuricemia, the risk of nephrolithiasis rises with the increase in SUA. This suggests that controlling SUA levels may be significant for the prevention of nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Deng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Department of Public Health, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Gongnongbing Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Jianghui Zhang
- AIDS Care Center, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease, Anning District, Kunming, 650399, Yunnan, China
| | - Chongwei Song
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunrui Sun
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongxin Hou
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianzhong Yin
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
- Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan Longyang District Qingyang District Vocational Education Park, Baoshan, 678000, Yunnan, China.
| | - Qiong Meng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Wang Y, Jian C. Novel plant-based meat alternatives: Implications and opportunities for consumer nutrition and health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 106:241-274. [PMID: 37722774 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of the global protein transition needed to remain within planetary boundaries, there is an influx of plant-based meat alternatives that seek to approximate the texture, flavor and/or nutrient profiles of conventional animal meat. These novel plant-based meat alternatives, enabled by advances in food technology, can be fundamentally different from the whole-plant foods from which they are derived. One of the reasons is the necessity to use food additives on various occasions, since consumers' acceptance of plant-based meat products primarily depends on the organoleptic properties. Consequently, a high degree of heterogeneity in formulation and nutritional profiles exists both within and between product categories of plant-based meat alternatives with unknown effects on several aspects of human health. This is further complicated by the differences in digestibility and bioavailability between proteins from animal and plant sources, which have a profound impact on colonic fermentation, nutritional adequacy and potential health effects. On the other hand, emerging strategies provide opportunities to develop affordable, delicious and nutritious plant-based meat alternatives that align with consumer interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ching Jian
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Noonin C, Itsaranawet T, Thongboonkerd V. Calcium oxalate crystal-induced secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from distal tubular cells, induces renal fibroblast activation. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:150. [PMID: 37031165 PMCID: PMC10082508 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney stone disease (KSD) is commonly accompanied with renal fibrosis, characterized by accumulation and reorganization of extracellular matrix (ECM). During fibrogenesis, resident renal fibroblasts are activated to become myofibroblasts that actively produce ECM. However, such fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation in KSD remained unclear. Our present study thus examined effects of secreted products (secretome) derived from proximal (HK-2) vs. distal (MDCK) renal tubular cells exposed to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals on activation of renal fibroblasts (BHK-21). METHODS HK-2 and MDCK cells were treated with 100 µg/ml COM crystals under serum-free condition for 16 h. In parallel, the cells maintained in serum-free medium without COM treatment served as the control. Secretome derived from culture supernatant of each sample was mixed (1:1) with fresh serum-free medium and then used for BHK-21 culture for another 24 h. RESULTS Analyses revealed that COM-treated-HK-2 secretome significantly induced proliferation, caused morphological changes, increased spindle index, and upregulated fibroblast-activation markers (F-actin, α-SMA and fibronectin) in BHK-21 cells. However, COM-treated-MDCK secretome had no significant effects on these BHK-21 parameters. Moreover, level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a profibrotic factor, significantly increased in the COM-treated-HK-2 secretome but not in the COM-treated-MDCK secretome. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate, for the first time, that proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells exposed to COM crystals send different messages to resident renal fibroblasts. Only the secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from the distal cells, induces renal fibroblast activation after their exposure to COM crystals. Such differential effects are partly due to TGF-β1 secretion, which is induced by COM crystals only in proximal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadanat Noonin
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Itsaranawet
- Biological Sciences Program, Mahidol University International College, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Jian Z, Yuan C, Xiong Z, Li H, Jin X, Wang K. Kidney function may partially mediated the protective effect of urinary uromodulin on kidney stone. Urolithiasis 2023; 51:65. [PMID: 37022471 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-023-01441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The causal links between urinary uromodulin (uUMOD) and kidney stone disease (KSD) are still not clarified in general population. We assessed their relationships combining 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable (MVMR) designs among general population of European ancestry. The summary information for uUMOD indexed to creatinine levels (29,315 individuals) and KSD (395,044 individuals) were from 2 independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary causal effects of exposures on outcomes were evaluated using inverse variance-weighted (IVW) regression model. Multiple sensitivity analyses were also performed. In 2-sample MR, we found that 1-unit higher genetically predicted uUMOD levels were associated with a lower risk of KSD (OR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.55-0.71; P = 2.83E-13). In reverse, we did not find the effect of KSD on uUOMD using IVW (beta = 0.00; 95% CI - 0.06-0.05; P = 0.872) and other sensitivity analyses. In MVMR, uUMOD indexed to creatinine levels were directly associated with the risk of KSD after introducing eGFR, SBP, urinary sodium or all three factors (OR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.64-0.79; P = 1.57E-09). Furthermore, our study supported that the protective effect of uUMOD on KSD may be partially mediated by eGFR (beta = - 0.09; 95% CI - 0.13 to - 0.06; mediation proportion = 20%). Our study supported that the protective effect of genetically predicted higher uUMOD levels on KSD may be partially mediated by eGFR decline, but not via SBP or urinary sodium. uUMOD might be a treatment target in preventing KSD in general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Jian
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Yuan
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyu Xiong
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Bai S, Zhang Y, Guo C, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Liu L, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Zhang T, Ding Y, Zhao Y, Niu K, Xia Y. Associations between dietary patterns and nephrolithiasis risk in a large Chinese cohort: is a balanced or plant-based diet better? Food Funct 2023; 14:3220-3229. [PMID: 36920109 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03993a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Individual food items and nutrients are associated with the development of nephrolithiasis. Few studies have investigated the association between dietary patterns, particularly plant-based diets, and this disease. We aim to explore the associations between dietary patterns and incident nephrolithiasis risk. Materials and methods: This prospective cohort study included 26 490 participants. Factor analysis was applied to dietary information to identify three a posteriori dietary patterns, and six a priori plant-based dietary patterns (overall plant-based diet index [PDI], healthful plant-based diet index [hPDI], unhealthful plant-based diet index [uPDI], vegan diet, lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet, and fish-vegetarian diet) were defined. Nephrolithiasis was diagnosed using ultrasonography. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident nephrolithiasis related to dietary patterns. Results: After 101 094 person-years follow-up, we documented 806 incident nephrolithiasis cases. An a posteriori balanced dietary pattern characterized by a higher intake of vegetables, eggs, grains, legumes, legume products, and meat was associated with a lower risk of nephrolithiasis (P for trend = 0.02). Compared to the reference group in the lowest quartile of the balanced pattern, participants in the highest quartile had an adjusted HR (95% CI) of 0.72 (0.53-0.96) for incident nephrolithiasis. Adherence to the uPDI increased the risk of incident nephrolithiasis (P for trend < 0.01; adjusted HR4th quartile vs. 1st quartile, 1.46, 95% CI, 1.14-1.97). No significant association was found between other a posteriori or a priori dietary patterns and incident nephrolithiasis. Conclusions: Adherence to a balanced dietary pattern, but not a plant-based diet, was associated with a lower nephrolithiasis risk. Moreover, higher uPDI consumption increased incident nephrolithiasis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Bai
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanji Guo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yashu Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This short review is intended to highlight the potential role of inflammation as a key pathological driver, rather than a mere consequence, of nephrolithiasis. Although there is clearly a strong likelihood that the relationship is bidirectional, and that kidney stone-triggered inflammation can establish a vicious cycle of tissue injury and stone formation. RECENT FINDINGS These consist of data from both recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the importance of inflammation in models of stone disease and in kidney tissue from patients with nephrolithiasis, and as a potential driver of disease recurrence and a suitable treatment target. In particular, the role of immune cells and their relationship to the NLRP3 inflammasome is becoming clearer, as well as the potential contribution to tissue injury and stone formation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. SUMMARY This concept is not new and raises the possibility that targeting inflammation directly may prove to be a novel and suitable means of treatment for at least some types of kidney stone, and in certain clinical settings, both acutely and as prevention, especially in those patients experiencing recurrent stone episodes and/or who have a well defined metabolic cause such as uric acid or calcium oxalate stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples
| | - Pietro Manuel Ferraro
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Robert Unwin
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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11
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Hydration and Nephrolithiasis in Pediatric Populations: Specificities and Current Recommendations. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030728. [PMID: 36771434 PMCID: PMC9920266 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal lithiasis is less frequent in children than in adults; in pediatrics, lithiasis may be caused by genetic abnormalities, infections, and complex uropathies, but the association of urological and metabolic abnormalities is not uncommon. The aim of this study is to provide a synthesis of nephrolithiasis in children and to emphasize the role of hydration in its treatment. As an etiology is reported in 50% of cases, with a genetic origin in 10 to 20%, it is proposed to systematically perform a complete metabolic assessment after the first stone in a child. Recent data in the field reported increased incidence of pediatric urolithiasis notably for calcium oxalate stones. These changes in the epidemiology of stone components may be attributable to metabolic and environmental factors, where hydration seems to play a crucial role. In case of pediatric urolithiasis, whatever its cause, it is of utmost importance to increase water intake around 2 to 3 L/m2 per day on average. The objective is to obtain a urine density less than 1010 on a dipstick or below 300 mOsm/L, especially with the first morning urine. Some genetic diseases may even require a more active 24 h over-hydration, e.g., primary hyperoxaluria and cystinuria; in such cases naso-gastric tubes or G-tubes may be proposed. Tap water is adapted for children with urolithiasis, with limited ecological impact and low economical cost. For children with low calcium intake, the use of calcium-rich mineral waters may be discussed in some peculiar cases, even in case of urolithiasis. In contrast, sugar-sweetened beverages are not recommended. In conclusion, even if parents and patients sometimes have the feeling that physicians do not propose "fancy" therapeutic drugs, hydration and nutrition remain cornerstones of the management of pediatric urolithiasis.
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12
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Lai W, Shi M, Huang R, Fu P, Ma L. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 in kidney diseases: From mechanisms to clinics. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175224. [PMID: 35995212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicated the relationship between fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and kidney diseases. FABP4, a small molecular lipid chaperone, is identified to regulate fatty acid oxidation, inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition in kidney diseases. Many studies have shown that circulating FABP4 level is related to proteinuria, renal function decline, cardiovascular complications of end-stage renal disease and even the prognosis of kidney transplanted patients. Notably, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of FABP4 attenuated renal injury in the various experimental models of kidney diseases, making it promising to develop potential therapeutic strategies targeting FABP4 in kidney diseases. In this study, we updated and reviewed the mechanisms and clinical significance of FABP4 in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Lai
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Min Shi
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rongshuang Huang
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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13
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Mao W, Zhang L, Sun S, Wu J, Zou X, Zhang G, Chen M. Physical Activity Reduces the Effect of High Body Mass Index on Kidney Stones in Diabetes Participants From the 2007–2018 NHANES Cycles: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:936552. [PMID: 35844866 PMCID: PMC9283863 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.936552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body mass index (BMI) is a vital risk factor for kidney stones, but physical activity may reduce the incidence of kidney stones. However, it remains unknown whether physical activity reduces the effect of high BMI on kidney stones in diabetes participants. Methods We included clinical information from 4,008 adult participants with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2007 to 2018. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between BMI and kidney stones, as well as the risk of BMI and kidney stones in different physical activity subgroups. Results A total of 4,008 diabetic participants were included in this study, of whom 652 (16.3%) self-reported a history of kidney stones. Logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between BMI and kidney stones. After adjusting for other confounders, the adjusted ORs for the risk of kidney stones was 1.514 (95% CI, 1.134–2.022, p = 0.005) for participants with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 among all participants; the risk of kidney stones was elevated (OR = 1.572, 95% CI, 1.134–2.022, p = 0.005) in group without physical activity, and a reduced risk (OR = 1.421, 95% CI, 0.847–2.382, p = 0.183) in the group with physical activity. Furthermore, similar results were found in most subgroups. Conclusion Our study suggests that high BMI is a risk factor for diabetes kidney stone participants and that physical activity may moderate this relationship to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipu Mao
- People's Hospital of Putuo District, Shanghai, China
- Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si Sun
- Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyu Zou
| | - Guangyuan Zhang
- Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Guangyuan Zhang
| | - Ming Chen
- Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Ming Chen
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14
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CXCR4 inhibition attenuates calcium oxalate crystal deposition-induced renal fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Yuan W, Li Y, Dai Y, Luo C, Zhang H, Xiong H. Efficacy of Super-Mini-PCNL and Ureteroscopy in Kidney Stone Sufferers and Risk Factors of Postoperative Infection. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:4733329. [PMID: 35299689 PMCID: PMC8923750 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4733329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of super-mini-PCNL (SMP) and ureteroscopy in kidney stone (KS) sufferers and learn the risk factors of postoperative infection. A retrospective analysis was performed on 180 KS sufferers who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2021. They were enrolled into an observation group (OG, n = 104) and a control group (CG, n = 76) based on different treatment methods. Therein, the former was treated with SMP, while the latter was treated with ureteroscopy. The operation time, blood loss, hospital stay, recent stone-free rate (one week after operation), changes of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and cystatin C (CysC) levels before and after operation and complications were compared. Those sufferers were assigned to infected and uninfected groups based on their postoperative infection. The risk factors were assessed through logistic regression, and the model formula was established. The predictive value of this model for infection was tested through RO. Compared with CG, the operation time of the OG was longer, the blood loss and hospital stay were lower (P < 0.05), and the stone-free rate was higher (P < 0.05). Renal function indexes before and after treatment (P > 0.05) and postoperative complications revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis manifested that preoperative urinary tract infection (OR: 4.690, 95% CI: 1.170-18.802), preoperative blood glucose level (OR: 11.188, 95% CI: 2.106-59.442), positive urine culture (OR: 10.931, 95% CI: 2.453-48.705), and infectious stones (OR: 3.951, 95% CI: 1.020-15.300) were independently related to infection. The risk prediction equation is logit(p)=-8.913+1.545 × X1+2.415 × X2+2.392 × X3+1.374 × X4, with a goodness-of-fit value of 0.545. The AUC is 0.930, so SMP is superior to ureteroscopy in KS sufferers. Preoperative urinary tract infection, preoperative blood glucose level, positive urine culture, and infectious stones are independently related to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Yuan
- Urology Surgery, Baoji City People's Hospital, Baoji 721000, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Yingyi Li
- Urology Surgery, Baoji City People's Hospital, Baoji 721000, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Urology Surgery, Baoji City People's Hospital, Baoji 721000, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Urology Surgery, Baoji City People's Hospital, Baoji 721000, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Urology Surgery, Baoji City People's Hospital, Baoji 721000, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Haijun Xiong
- Urology Surgery, Baoji City People's Hospital, Baoji 721000, Shannxi Province, China
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16
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Zheng J, Zhang Y, Rasheed H, Walker V, Sugawara Y, Li J, Leng Y, Elsworth B, Wootton RE, Fang S, Yang Q, Burgess S, Haycock PC, Borges MC, Cho Y, Carnegie R, Howell A, Robinson J, Thomas LF, Brumpton BM, Hveem K, Hallan S, Franceschini N, Morris AP, Köttgen A, Pattaro C, Wuttke M, Yamamoto M, Kashihara N, Akiyama M, Kanai M, Matsuda K, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Walters R, Millwood IY, Chen Z, Davey Smith G, Barbour S, Yu C, Åsvold BO, Zhang H, Gaunt TR. Trans-ethnic Mendelian-randomization study reveals causal relationships between cardiometabolic factors and chronic kidney disease. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 50:1995-2010. [PMID: 34999880 PMCID: PMC8743120 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was to systematically test whether previously reported risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) are causally related to CKD in European and East Asian ancestries using Mendelian randomization. METHODS A total of 45 risk factors with genetic data in European ancestry and 17 risk factors in East Asian participants were identified as exposures from PubMed. We defined the CKD by clinical diagnosis or by estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Ultimately, 51 672 CKD cases and 958 102 controls of European ancestry from CKDGen, UK Biobank and HUNT, and 13 093 CKD cases and 238 118 controls of East Asian ancestry from Biobank Japan, China Kadoorie Biobank and Japan-Kidney-Biobank/ToMMo were included. RESULTS Eight risk factors showed reliable evidence of causal effects on CKD in Europeans, including genetically predicted body mass index (BMI), hypertension, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, lipoprotein(a), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nephrolithiasis. In East Asians, BMI, T2D and nephrolithiasis showed evidence of causality on CKD. In two independent replication analyses, we observed that increased hypertension risk showed reliable evidence of a causal effect on increasing CKD risk in Europeans but in contrast showed a null effect in East Asians. Although liability to T2D showed consistent effects on CKD, the effects of glycaemic phenotypes on CKD were weak. Non-linear Mendelian randomization indicated a threshold relationship between genetically predicted BMI and CKD, with increased risk at BMI of >25 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS Eight cardiometabolic risk factors showed causal effects on CKD in Europeans and three of them showed causality in East Asians, providing insights into the design of future interventions to reduce the burden of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Yuemiao Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Venexia Walker
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuka Sugawara
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yue Leng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Elsworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Si Fang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Qian Yang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip C Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Yoonsu Cho
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca Carnegie
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy Howell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Jamie Robinson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Laurent F Thomas
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ben Michael Brumpton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stein Hallan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nephrology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Matthias Wuttke
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Kashihara
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Robin Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
| | - Sean Barbour
- Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Provincial Renal Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
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17
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Xia Y, Zhou X, Ye Z, Yu W, Ning J, Ruan Y, Yuan R, Lin F, Ye P, Zheng D, Rao T, Cheng F. Construction and Analysis of Immune Infiltration-Related ceRNA Network for Kidney Stones. Front Genet 2021; 12:774155. [PMID: 34938320 PMCID: PMC8686191 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.774155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Kidney stones is a common medical issue that mediates kidney injury and even kidney function loss. However, the exact pathogenesis still remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-related pathogenesis of kidney stones and identify the corresponding immune infiltration signature. Methods: One mRNA and one long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) microarray dataset was obtained from the GEO database. Subsequently, we compared differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and lncRNAs between Randall's plaques in patients with calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones and controls with normal papillary tissues. lncRNA-targeted miRNAs and miRNA-mRNA pairs were predicted using the online databases. lncRNA-related DE-mRNAs were identified using the Venn method, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were subsequently performed. The immune-related lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was developed. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate the rate of immune cell infiltration in Randall's plaques. The ceRNA network and immune infiltration were validated in the glyoxylate-induced hyperoxaluric mouse model and oxalate-treated HK-2 cells. Results: We identified 2,340 DE-mRNAs and 929 DE-lncRNAs between Randall's plaques in patients with CaOx stones and controls with normal papillary tissues. lncRNA-related DE-mRNAs were significantly enriched in extracellular matrix organization and collagen-containing extracellular matrix, which were associated with kidney interstitial fibrosis. The immune-related ceRNA network included 10 lncRNAs, 23 miRNAs, and 20 mRNAs. Moreover, we found that M2 macrophages and resting mast cells were differentially expressed between Randall's plaques and normal tissues. Throughout kidney stone development, kidney tubular injury, crystal deposition, collagen fiber deposition, TGF-β expression, infiltration of M1 macrophages, and activation of mast cells were more frequent in glyoxylate-induced hyperoxaluric mice compared with control mice. Nevertheless, M2 macrophage infiltration increased in early stages (day 6) and decreased as kidney stones progressed (day 12). Furthermore, treatment with 0.25 and 0.5 mM of oxalate for 48 h significantly upregulated NEAT1, PVT1, CCL7, and ROBO2 expression levels and downregulated hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-429, and hsa-miR-139-5p expression levels in the HK-2 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: We found that significant expressions of ceRNAs (NEAT1, PVT1, hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-429, hsa-miR-139-5p, CCL7, and ROBO2) and infiltrating immune cells (macrophages and mast cells) may be involved in kidney stone pathogenesis. These findings provide novel potential therapeutic targets for kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Xia
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zehua Ye
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinzhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Run Yuan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyou Lin
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Zheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Yan MT, Chao CT, Lin SH. Chronic Kidney Disease: Strategies to Retard Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810084. [PMID: 34576247 PMCID: PMC8470895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as the presence of irreversible structural or functional kidney damages, increases the risk of poor outcomes due to its association with multiple complications, including altered mineral metabolism, anemia, metabolic acidosis, and increased cardiovascular events. The mainstay of treatments for CKD lies in the prevention of the development and progression of CKD as well as its complications. Due to the heterogeneous origins and the uncertainty in the pathogenesis of CKD, efficacious therapies for CKD remain challenging. In this review, we focus on the following four themes: first, a summary of the known factors that contribute to CKD development and progression, with an emphasis on avoiding acute kidney injury (AKI); second, an etiology-based treatment strategy for retarding CKD, including the approaches for the common and under-recognized ones; and third, the recommended approaches for ameliorating CKD complications, and the final section discusses the novel agents for counteracting CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tso Yan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Cathay General Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or
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Peerapen P, Thongboonkerd V. Kidney stone proteomics: an update and perspectives. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:557-569. [PMID: 34320328 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1962301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Main problems of kidney stone disease are its increasing prevalence and high recurrence rate after calculi removal in almost all areas around the globe. Despite enormous efforts in the past, its pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear and need further elucidations. Proteomics has thus become an essential tool to unravel such sophisticated disease mechanisms at cellular, subcellular, molecular, tissue, and whole organism levels. AREAS COVERED This review provides abrief overview of kidney stone disease followed by updates on proteomics for investigating urinary stone modulators, matrix proteins, cellular responses to different types/doses of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals, sex hormones and other stimuli, crystal-cell interactions, crystal receptors, secretome, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), all of which lead to better understanding of the disease mechanisms. Finally, the future challenges and translation of these obtained data to the clinic are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Knowledge from urinary proteomics for exploring the important stone modulators (either inhibitors or promoters) will be helpful for early detection of asymptomatic cases for prompt prevention of symptoms, complications, and new stone formation. Moreover, these modulators may serve as the new therapeutic targets in the future for successful treatment and prevention of kidney stone disease by medications or other means of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Wang H, Fan J, Yu C, Guo Y, Pei P, Yang L, Chen Y, Du H, Meng F, Chen J, Chen Z, Lv J, Li L. Consumption of Tea, Alcohol, and Fruits and Risk of Kidney Stones: A Prospective Cohort Study in 0.5 Million Chinese Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:1119. [PMID: 33805392 PMCID: PMC8065818 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A few prospective studies have suggested that tea, alcohol, and fruit consumption may reduce the risk of kidney stones. However, little is known whether such associations and their combined effect persist in Chinese adults, for whom the popular tea and alcohol drinks are different from those investigated in the aforementioned studies. The present study included 502,621 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). Information about tea, alcohol, and fruit consumption was self-reported at baseline. The first documented cases of kidney stones during follow-up were collected through linkage with the national health insurance system. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). During a median of 11.1 years of follow-up, we collected 12,407 cases of kidney stones. After multivariable adjustment, tea, alcohol, and fruit consumption were found to be negatively associated with kidney stone risk, but the linear trend was only found in tea and fruit consumption. Compared with non-tea consumers, the HR (95% CI) for participants who drank ≥7 cups of tea per day was 0.73 (0.65-0.83). Compared with non-alcohol consumers, the HR (95% CI) was 0.79 (0.72-0.87) for participants who drank pure alcohol of 30.0-59.9 g per day but had no further decrease with a higher intake of alcohol. Compared with less-than-weekly consumers, the HR (95% CI) for daily fruit consumers was 0.81 (0.75-0.87). Even for those who did not drink alcohol excessively, increasing tea and fruit consumption could also independently reduce the stone risk. Among Chinese adults, tea, alcohol, and fruit consumption was associated with a lower risk of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (J.F.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Junning Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (J.F.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (J.F.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Pei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (H.D.)
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (H.D.)
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (H.D.)
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
| | - Fanwen Meng
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545007, China;
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China;
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (J.F.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (J.F.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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21
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Yau AA, Hindi J, Uribarri J. Recurrent Nephrolithiasis Causing Kidney Failure. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 77:A18-A21. [PMID: 33752806 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Yau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York.
| | - Judy Hindi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
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22
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Mannon EC, O'Connor PM. Alkali supplementation as a therapeutic in chronic kidney disease: what mediates protection? Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F1090-F1104. [PMID: 33166183 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00343.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) has been recognized as a possible therapy to target chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Several small clinical trials have demonstrated that supplementation with NaHCO3 or other alkalizing agents slows renal functional decline in patients with CKD. While the benefits of NaHCO3 treatment have been thought to result from restoring pH homeostasis, a number of studies have now indicated that NaHCO3 or other alkalis may provide benefit regardless of the presence of metabolic acidosis. These data have raised questions as to how NaHCO3 protects the kidneys. To date, the physiological mechanism(s) that mediates the reported protective effect of NaHCO3 in CKD remain unclear. In this review, we first examine the evidence from clinical trials in support of a beneficial effect of NaHCO3 and other alkali in slowing kidney disease progression and their relationship to acid-base status. Then, we discuss the physiological pathways that have been proposed to underlie these renoprotective effects and highlight strengths and weaknesses in the data supporting each pathway. Finally, we discuss how answering key questions regarding the physiological mechanism(s) mediating the beneficial actions of NaHCO3 therapy in CKD is likely to be important in the design of future clinical trials. We conclude that basic research in animal models is likely to be critical in identifying the physiological mechanisms underlying the benefits of NaHCO3 treatment in CKD. Gaining an understanding of these pathways may lead to the improved implementation of NaHCO3 as a therapy in CKD and perhaps other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor C Mannon
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paul M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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23
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Amparore D, Campi R, Checcucci E, Sessa F, Pecoraro A, Minervini A, Fiori C, Ficarra V, Novara G, Serni S, Porpiglia F. Forecasting the Future of Urology Practice: A Comprehensive Review of the Recommendations by International and European Associations on Priority Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur Urol Focus 2020; 6:1032-1048. [PMID: 32553544 PMCID: PMC7261455 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Context The unprecedented health care scenario caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revolutionized urology practice worldwide. Objective To review the recommendations by the international and European national urological associations/societies (UASs) on prioritization strategies for both oncological and nononcological procedures released during the current emergency scenario. Evidence acquisition Each UAS official website was searched between April 8 and 18, 2020, to retrieve any document, publication, or position paper on prioritization strategies regarding both diagnostic and therapeutic urological procedures, and any recommendations on the use of telemedicine and minimally invasive surgery. We collected detailed information on all urological procedures, stratified by disease, priority (higher vs lower), and patient setting (outpatient vs inpatient). Then, we critically discussed the implications of such recommendations for urology practice in both the forthcoming “adaptive” and the future “chronic” phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence synthesis Overall, we analyzed the recommendations from 13 UASs, of which four were international (American Urological Association, Confederation Americana de Urologia, European Association of Urology, and Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand) and nine national (from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, The Netherlands, and the UK). In the outpatient setting, the procedures that are likely to impact the future burden of urologists’ workload most are prostate biopsies and elective procedures for benign conditions. In the inpatient setting, the most relevant contributors to this burden are represented by elective surgeries for lower-risk prostate and renal cancers, nonobstructing stone disease, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finally, some UASs recommended special precautions to perform minimally invasive surgery, while others outlined the potential role of telemedicine to optimize resources in the current and future scenarios. Conclusions The expected changes will put significant strain on urological units worldwide regarding the overall workload of urologists, internal logistics, inflow of surgical patients, and waiting lists. In light of these predictions, urologists should strive to leverage this emergency period to reshape their role in the future. Patient summary Overall, there was a large consensus among different urological associations/societies regarding the prioritization of most urological procedures, including those in the outpatient setting, urological emergencies, and many inpatient surgeries for both oncological and nononcological conditions. On the contrary, some differences were found regarding specific cancer surgeries (ie, radical cystectomy for higher-risk bladder cancer and nephrectomy for larger organ-confined renal masses), potentially due to different prioritization criteria and/or health care contexts. In the future, the outpatient procedures that are likely to impact the burden of urologists’ workload most are prostate biopsies and elective procedures for benign conditions. In the inpatient setting, the most relevant contributors to this burden are represented by elective surgeries for lower-risk prostate and renal cancers, nonobstructing stone disease, and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Amparore
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Campi
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Checcucci
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Pecoraro
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Minervini
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristian Fiori
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ficarra
- Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", Urology Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Novara
- Urologic Unit, Department of Oncologic, Surgical and Gastrointestinal Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sergio Serni
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
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24
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Zhu Z, Cui Y, Huang F, Zeng H, Xia W, Zeng F, He C, Chen J, Chen Z, Chen H, Li Y. Long non-coding RNA H19 promotes osteogenic differentiation of renal interstitial fibroblasts through Wnt-β-catenin pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 470:145-155. [PMID: 32440841 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Randall's plaque (RP) serves as a nidus on which idiopathic calcium oxalate stones form. Renal interstitial mineralization may be the cause underlying RP, and recent studies demonstrated the similarities between the interstitial mineralization and ectopic calcification. The present study aimed to investigate whether human renal interstitial fibroblasts (hRIFs) could form calcification under osteogenic conditions, and whether long non-coding RNA H19 participated in regulating osteogenic differentiation of hRIFs through Wnt-β-catenin pathway. HRIFs were isolated and induced for osteogenic differentiation under osteogenic conditions. Runx2, OCN, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the mineralized nodule formation were used to assess the osteogenic phenotype. Molecule expressions were determined by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot. The mineralized nodules were assessed by Alizarin red staining. Compared to the normal renal papillary tissue, Runx2, OCN, and H19 were significantly upregulated in RP. After hRIFs were induced with osteogenic medium, osteogenic markers (Runx2, OCN and ALP), β-catenin and H19 were significantly upregulated, and the mineralized nodules are formed. Additionally, overexpression of H19 promoted the osteogenic phenotype of hRIFs and increased the expression of β-catenin, whereas knock-down of H19 or XAV939 (inhibitor of Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway) significantly repressed the osteogenic phenotype of hRIFs and decreased the β-catenin. Moreover, XAV939 was shown to abolish the osteogenic differentiation of hRIFs promoted by H19. The study demonstrated that ectopic calcification partly participated in the formation of RP, and H19 promoted osteogenic differentiation of hRIFs by activating Wnt-β-catenin pathway, which shed new light on the molecular mechanism of the RP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huimin Zeng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Weiping Xia
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hequn Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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