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Sun HJ, Lu QB, Zhu XX, Ni ZR, Su JB, Fu X, Chen G, Zheng GL, Nie XW, Bian JS. Pharmacology of Hydrogen Sulfide and Its Donors in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:846-895. [PMID: 38866561 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are major contributors to global mortality, emphasizing the critical need for novel therapeutic interventions. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has garnered enormous attention as a significant gasotransmitter with various physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological impacts within mammalian cardiometabolic systems. In addition to its roles in attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, burgeoning research emphasizes the significance of H2S in regulating proteins via persulfidation, a well known modification intricately associated with the pathogenesis of CMDs. This review seeks to investigate recent updates on the physiological actions of endogenous H2S and the pharmacological roles of various H2S donors in addressing diverse aspects of CMDs across cellular, animal, and clinical studies. Of note, advanced methodologies, including multiomics, intestinal microflora analysis, organoid, and single-cell sequencing techniques, are gaining traction due to their ability to offer comprehensive insights into biomedical research. These emerging approaches hold promise in characterizing the pharmacological roles of H2S in health and diseases. We will critically assess the current literature to clarify the roles of H2S in diseases while also delineating the opportunities and challenges they present in H2S-based pharmacotherapy for CMDs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This comprehensive review covers recent developments in H2S biology and pharmacology in cardiometabolic diseases CMDs. Endogenous H2S and its donors show great promise for the management of CMDs by regulating numerous proteins and signaling pathways. The emergence of new technologies will considerably advance the pharmacological research and clinical translation of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (H.-J.S., X.-X.Z., Z.-R.N., J.-B.S., X.F., G.C., G.-L.Z.); Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (Q.-B.L.); Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (X.-W.N.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (J.-S.B.)
| | - Qing-Bo Lu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (H.-J.S., X.-X.Z., Z.-R.N., J.-B.S., X.F., G.C., G.-L.Z.); Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (Q.-B.L.); Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (X.-W.N.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (J.-S.B.)
| | - Xue-Xue Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (H.-J.S., X.-X.Z., Z.-R.N., J.-B.S., X.F., G.C., G.-L.Z.); Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (Q.-B.L.); Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (X.-W.N.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (J.-S.B.)
| | - Zhang-Rong Ni
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (H.-J.S., X.-X.Z., Z.-R.N., J.-B.S., X.F., G.C., G.-L.Z.); Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (Q.-B.L.); Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (X.-W.N.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (J.-S.B.)
| | - Jia-Bao Su
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (H.-J.S., X.-X.Z., Z.-R.N., J.-B.S., X.F., G.C., G.-L.Z.); Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (Q.-B.L.); Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (X.-W.N.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (J.-S.B.)
| | - Xiao Fu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (H.-J.S., X.-X.Z., Z.-R.N., J.-B.S., X.F., G.C., G.-L.Z.); Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (Q.-B.L.); Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (X.-W.N.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (J.-S.B.)
| | - Guo Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (H.-J.S., X.-X.Z., Z.-R.N., J.-B.S., X.F., G.C., G.-L.Z.); Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (Q.-B.L.); Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (X.-W.N.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (J.-S.B.)
| | - Guan-Li Zheng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (H.-J.S., X.-X.Z., Z.-R.N., J.-B.S., X.F., G.C., G.-L.Z.); Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (Q.-B.L.); Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (X.-W.N.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (J.-S.B.)
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (H.-J.S., X.-X.Z., Z.-R.N., J.-B.S., X.F., G.C., G.-L.Z.); Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (Q.-B.L.); Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (X.-W.N.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (J.-S.B.)
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (H.-J.S., X.-X.Z., Z.-R.N., J.-B.S., X.F., G.C., G.-L.Z.); Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (Q.-B.L.); Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (X.-W.N.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (J.-S.B.)
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Xu S, Larsson A, Lind L, Lindskog C, Ärnlöv J, Venge P. The Human Phospholipase B-II Precursor (HPLBII-P) in Urine as a Novel Biomarker of Increased Glomerular Production or Permeability in Diabetes Mellitus? J Clin Med 2024; 13:2629. [PMID: 38731158 PMCID: PMC11084184 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: A previous report showed that the urine output of HPLBII-P in patients with diabetes mellitus and SARS-CoV-2 infection was increased as a sign of glomerular dysfunction. The aim of this report was to investigate the relation of the urine output of HPLBII-P to diabetes mellitus in two large community-based elderly populations, i.e., the ULSAM and PIVUS cohorts. Methods: HPLBII-P was measured by an ELISA in the urine of a community-based cohort of 839 men (ULSAM) collected at 77 years of age and in the urine of a community-based cohort of 75-year-old men, n = 387, and women, n = 401 (PIVUS). KIM-1, NGAL, and albumin were measured in urine and cathepsin S and cystatin C in serum. Results: HPLBII-P was significantly raised among males with diabetes in the ULSAM (p < 0.0001) and PIVUS cohorts (p ≤ 0.02), but not in the female cohort of PIVUS. In the female subpopulation of insulin-treated diabetes, HPLBII-P was raised (p = 0.02) as compared to women treated with oral antidiabetics only. In the ULSAM cohort, HPLBII-P was correlated to NGAL, KIM-1, and albumin in urine both in non-DM (all three biomarkers; p < 0.0001) and in DM (NGAL; p = 0.002, KIM-1; p = 0.02 and albumin; p = 0.01). Plasma glucose and HbA1c in blood showed correlations to U-HPLBII-P (r = 0.58, p < 0.001 and r = 0.42, p = 0.004, respectively). U-HPLBII-P and cathepsin S were correlated in the ULSAM group (r = 0.50, p < 0.001). No correlations were observed between U-HPLBII-P and serum creatinine or cystatin C. Conclusions: The urine measurement of HPLBII-P has the potential to become a novel and useful biomarker in the monitoring of glomerular activity in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Xu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.X.); (A.L.)
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.X.); (A.L.)
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 52 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Per Venge
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.X.); (A.L.)
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Xu S, Hultström M, Larsson A, Lipcsey M, Lindskog C, Bülow S, Frithiof R, Venge P. The Human Phospholipase B-II Precursor (HPLBII-P) in Urine as a Novel Biomarker of Glomerular Activity in COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2540. [PMID: 38731071 PMCID: PMC11084804 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The human phospholipase B-II precursor (HPLBII-P) was originally purified from white blood cells but is also found in other cellular structures, such as kidney glomeruli and tubuli. The objective of this report was to investigate the relationship of HPLBII-P in urine to acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Urine was collected at admission from 132 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) because of respiratory failure. HPLBII-P was measured using a sensitive ELISA. For comparison, human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) was measured in urine, using the ELISA configured with the monoclonal antibody 763/8F, as a sign of tubular affection in addition to routine biomarkers of kidney disease. Results: Overall, the concentrations of urinary HPLBII-P were almost 3-fold higher in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001) and with significantly higher concentrations even in patients with COVID-19 without signs of acute kidney injury (AKI) (p < 0.001). HPLBII-P was further increased in patients with AKI (p < 0.02). HPLBII-P was significantly increased in patients with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.0008) and correlated to plasma glucose (r = 0.29, p = 0.001) and urine albumin concentrations (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Urine concentrations of HPLBII-P are highly raised in the urine of patients with COVID-19 and relate to AKI and diabetes mellitus. HPLBII-P may reflect glomerular injury and/or increased glomerular cell activity in SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Xu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.X.); (A.L.)
- Diagnostics Development a P&M Venge Company, SE-753 12 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Hultström
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.L.); (S.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.X.); (A.L.)
| | - Miklos Lipcsey
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.L.); (S.B.); (R.F.)
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University; SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Sara Bülow
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.L.); (S.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.L.); (S.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Per Venge
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.X.); (A.L.)
- Diagnostics Development a P&M Venge Company, SE-753 12 Uppsala, Sweden
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Yang C, Zhang Z, Liu J, Chen P, Li J, Shu H, Chu Y, Li L. Research progress on multiple cell death pathways of podocytes in diabetic kidney disease. Mol Med 2023; 29:135. [PMID: 37828444 PMCID: PMC10571269 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, and its clinical manifestations are progressive proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and renal failure. The injury and death of glomerular podocytes are the keys to DKD. Currently, a variety of cell death modes have been identified in podocytes, including apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, etc. The signaling pathways leading to these cell death processes are interconnected and can be activated simultaneously or in parallel. They are essential for cell survival and death that determine the fate of cells. With the deepening of the research on the mechanism of cell death, more and more researchers have devoted their attention to the underlying pathologic research and the drug therapy research of DKD. In this paper, we discussed the podocyte physiologic role and DKD processes. We also provide an overview of the types and specific mechanisms involved in each type of cell death in DKD, as well as related targeted therapy methods and drugs are reviewed. In the last part we discuss the complexity and potential crosstalk between various modes of cell death, which will help improve the understanding of podocyte death and lay a foundation for new and ideal targeted therapy strategies for DKD treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Peijian Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Haiying Shu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China.
| | - Luxin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China.
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Dahiya K, Prashant P, Dhankhar R, Dhankhar K, Kumar S, Vashist S. Lipocalin-2 as a biomarker for diabetic nephropathy. World J Meta-Anal 2023; 11:92-101. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v11.i4.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a major global public health issue. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is comparatively static, as hereditary and genetic causes are involved, while type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence is increasing day by day. T2D is associated with chronic complications, including diabetic neuropathy (DN), nephropathy, retinopathy, and other complications like diabetic foot. DN is the main complication of both types of diabetes. DN can be diagnosed by routine laboratory tests, microalbuminuria > 300 mg/24 h, and a gradual decrease in glomerular filtration rate. As the appearance of microalbuminuria is a late manifestation, an early marker for renal damage is needed. Lipocalin-2, also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is a small protein purified from neutrophil granules and a good marker for kidney disease. NGAL is a transporter protein responsible for many physiological processes, such as inflammation, generation of the immune response, and metabolic homeostasis. NGAL has been reported to depict the early changes in renal damage when urine microalbumin is still undetecable. Therefore, elucidating the role of NGAL in detecting DN and understanding its mechanism can help establish it as a potential early marker for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt BD Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Praveen Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt BD Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Dhankhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pt BD Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Kumud Dhankhar
- Phase III, JSS Medical College, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sonia Vashist
- Department of Dermatology, Dr Sonia’s Dermatology Clinic, Rewari 123401, Haryana, India
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Modes of podocyte death in diabetic kidney disease: an update. J Nephrol 2022; 35:1571-1584. [PMID: 35201595 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) accounts for a large proportion of end-stage renal diseases that require renal replacement therapies including dialysis and transplantation. Therefore, it is critical to understand the occurrence and development of DKD. Podocytes are mainly injured during the development of DKD, ultimately leading to their extensive death and loss. In turn, the injury and death of glomerular podocytes are also the main culprits of DKD. This review introduces the characteristics of podocytes and summarizes the modes of their death in DKD, including apoptosis, autophagy, mitotic catastrophe (MC), anoikis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Apoptosis is characterized by nuclear condensation and the formation of apoptotic bodies, and it exerts a different effect from autophagy in mediating DKD-induced podocyte loss. MC mediates a faulty mitotic process while anoikis separates podocytes from the basement membrane. Moreover, pyroptosis activates inflammatory factors to aggravate podocyte injuries whilst necroptosis drives signaling cascades, such as receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like, ultimately promoting the death of podocytes. In conclusion, a thorough knowledge of the modes of podocyte death in DKD can help us understand the development of DKD and lay the foundation for strategies in DKD disease therapy.
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Wang Y, Niu A, Pan Y, Cao S, Terker AS, Wang S, Fan X, Toth CL, Ramirez Solano MA, Michell DL, Contreras D, Allen RM, Zhu W, Sheng Q, Fogo AB, Vickers KC, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Profile of Podocyte Translatome During Development of Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy Using Podocyte-Specific TRAP mRNA RNA-seq. Diabetes 2021; 70:2377-2390. [PMID: 34233930 PMCID: PMC8576501 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is important in development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although several studies have reported single-cell-based RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of podocytes in type 1 DN (T1DN), the podocyte translating mRNA profile in type 2 DN (T2DN) has not previously been compared with that of T1DN. We analyzed the podocyte translatome in T2DN in podocin-Cre; Rosa26fsTRAP; eNOS-/-; db/db mice and compared it with that of streptozotocin-induced T1DN in podocin-Cre; Rosa26fsTRAP; eNOS-/- mice using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) and RNA-seq. More than 125 genes were highly enriched in the podocyte ribosome. More podocyte TRAP genes were differentially expressed in T2DN than in T1DN. TGF-β signaling pathway genes were upregulated, while MAPK pathway genes were downregulated only in T2DN, while ATP binding and cAMP-mediated signaling genes were downregulated only in T1DN. Genes regulating actin filament organization and apoptosis increased, while genes regulating VEGFR signaling and glomerular basement membrane components decreased in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic podocytes. A number of diabetes-induced genes not previously linked to podocyte injury were confirmed in both mouse and human DN. On the basis of differences and similarities in the podocyte translatome in T2DN and T1DN, investigators can identify factors underlying the pathophysiology of DN and novel therapeutic targets to treat diabetes-induced podocyte injury.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Protein Biosynthesis/genetics
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteome/genetics
- Proteome/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Seq
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Streptozocin
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Shirong Cao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Andrew S Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Cynthia L Toth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Marisol A Ramirez Solano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Danielle Contreras
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
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Gao D, Yu P, Jing S, Yan C, Ding D, Qiao Y, Wu G. miR-193a as a potential mediator of WT-1/synaptopodin in the renoprotective effect of losartan on diabetic kidney. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:26-34. [PMID: 34411489 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetic patients, and has become a global healthcare problem. In this study, we used diabetic mice to evaluate the effect of Losartan on diabetic nephropathy, in which the experimental animals were divided into three groups: non-diabetic mice (db/m group), untreated-diabetic mice (db/db group), and Losartan-treated diabetic mice (db/db-losartan). Next, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect WT-1 and synaptopodin expression, respectively. Protein levels of WT-1, synaptopodin, claudin1, and Pax-2 were assessed by Western blotting and real-time PCR. The miR-193a mRNA levels were quantitated by real-time PCR. The results showed that albuminuria was increased in diabetic mice compared with control animals and was significantly ameliorated by treatment with Losartan. In addition, Losartan significantly upregulated the immunopositive cell numbers of WT-1, the expression of WT-1 and synaptopodin in renal tissue. By contrast, expression of claudin1 and Pax-2 in renal tissue were decreased in db/db-losartan group. Besides, expression of miR-193a was decreased significantly in db/db-losartan group compared to the untreated diabetic group. Thus, Losartan has renoprotective effects on the control of tissue damage possibly by inhibiting the expression of miR-193a, thereby promoting the repair of podocyte injury in mice with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Pei Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Sanhui Jing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou, China.,Heze Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Heze, China;
| | - Chengcheng Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Dandan Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Blood Purification Center, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Ge Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou, China;
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Jiang L, Cui H, Ding J. Smad3 signalling affects high glucose-induced podocyte injury via regulation of the cytoskeletal protein transgelin. Nephrology (Carlton) 2020; 25:659-666. [PMID: 32034833 PMCID: PMC7496067 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of the present study was to characterize the role of Smad3 signalling on high glucose‐induced podocyte injury. Methods Synchronized conditionally immortalized mouse podocyte cell line (MPC5) cells were treated with either D‐glucose alone or D‐glucose plus the Smad3 inhibitor SIS3. The distribution of F‐actin and transgelin in a high glucose‐induced model of podocyte injury were examined by immunofluorescence. Levels of transgelin and Smad3 signalling proteins in MPC5 cells were determined by Western blot. Results A disordered distribution of F‐actin, as well as co‐localization of F‐actin and transgelin, was observed in podocytes exposed to high glucose. Increased levels of transgelin were first observed 10 minutes after treatment with glucose, suggesting that this protein is sensitive to hyperglycaemic injury. Levels of phosphorylated Smad3 and cleaved caspase 3 increased significantly with glucose stimulation. Moreover, expression of the downstream protein c‐Myc, but not JAK1/STAT3, was induced in conditions of high glucose. The Smad3‐specific inhibitor SIS3 prevented the effects of high glucose on Smad3 phosphorylation, expression of transgelin and c‐Myc, caspase 3 cleavage and cytoskeletal organization. Expression of the tumour suppressor protein p15INK4B increased after podocyte injury but was unaffected by Smad3 inhibition, suggesting that Smad3 regulation of high glucose‐induced podocyte injury occurs through a p15INK4B‐independent mechanism. Conclusion Smad3 signalling plays a critical role in the modulation of hyperglycaemic injury. Targeted inhibition of the Smad3 pathway may offer a novel route for treatment of podocyte damage, especially in cases of diabetic nephropathy. Podocyte damage is characteristic of diabetic kidney disease. This study showed that inhibition of Smad‐3 signalling using the specific inhibitor SIS3 in vitro, could alleviate podocyte abnormalities induced by high glucose including actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and actviation of cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Pediatric Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Transcriptomics Reveal Altered Metabolic and Signaling Pathways in Podocytes Exposed to C16 Ceramide-Enriched Lipoproteins. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020178. [PMID: 32045989 PMCID: PMC7073971 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids associated with cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins, and their synthesis and degradation are tightly regulated. We have previously determined that low plasma concentrations of certain ceramide species predict the development of nephropathy in diabetes patients with normal albumin excretion rates at baseline. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that altering the sphingolipid content of circulating lipoproteins can alter the metabolic and signaling pathways in podocytes, whose dysfunction leads to an impairment of glomerular filtration. Cultured human podocytes were treated with lipoproteins from healthy subjects enriched in vitro with C16 ceramide, or D-erythro 2-hydroxy C16 ceramide, a ceramide naturally found in skin. The RNA-Seq data demonstrated differential expression of genes regulating sphingolipid metabolism, sphingolipid signaling, and mTOR signaling pathways. A multiplex analysis of mTOR signaling pathway intermediates showed that the majority (eight) of the pathway phosphorylated proteins measured (eleven) were significantly downregulated in response to C16 ceramide-enriched HDL2 compared to HDL2 alone and hydroxy ceramide-enriched HDL2. In contrast, C16 ceramide-enriched HDL3 upregulated the phosphorylation of four intermediates in the mTOR pathway. These findings highlight a possible role for lipoprotein-associated sphingolipids in regulating metabolic and signaling pathways in podocytes and could lead to novel therapeutic targets in glomerular kidney diseases.
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11
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Chen Z, Zhou Q, Liu C, Zeng Y, Yuan S. Klotho deficiency aggravates diabetes-induced podocyte injury due to DNA damage caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2763-2772. [PMID: 33162804 PMCID: PMC7645346 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive disease, the main pathogeny of which is podocyte injury inducing glomerular filtration barrier and proteinuria. The occurrence and development of DN could be partly attributed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondria. However, research on how mitochondrial dysfunction (MtD) ultimately causes DNA damage is poor. Here, we investigated the influence of Klotho deficiency on high glucose (HG)-induced DNA damage in vivo and in vitro. First, we found that the absence of Klotho aggravated diabetic phenotypes indicated by podocyte injury accompanied by elevated urea albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), creatinine and urea nitrogen. Then, we further confirmed that Klotho deficiency could significantly aggravate DNA damage by increasing 8-OHdG and reducing OGG1. Finally, we demonstrated Klotho deficiency may promote MtD to promote 8-OHdG-induced podocyte injury. Therefore, we came to a conclusion that Klotho deficiency may promote diabetes-induced podocytic MtD and aggravate 8-OHdG-induced DNA damage by affecting OOG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- University-Town Clinic, 958 hospital of PLA Army, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhou
- School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Chongqing, 400060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zeng
- Department of orthopedics, Chongqing general hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolong Yuan
- University-Town Clinic, 958 hospital of PLA Army, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhang L, Wen Z, Han L, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Fang X, Zhao L, Tong X. Research Progress on the Pathological Mechanisms of Podocytes in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:7504798. [PMID: 32695831 PMCID: PMC7368941 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7504798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is not only an important microvascular complication of diabetes but also the main cause of end-stage renal disease. Studies have shown that the occurrence and development of DN are closely related to morphological and functional changes in podocytes. A series of morphological changes after podocyte injury in DN mainly include podocyte hypertrophy, podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation, podocyte detachment, and podocyte apoptosis; functional changes mainly involve podocyte autophagy. More and more studies have shown that multiple signaling pathways play important roles in the progression of podocyte injury in DN. Here, we review research progress on the pathological mechanism of morphological and functional changes in podocytes associated with DN, to provide a new target for delaying the occurrence and development of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhige Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yujiao Zheng
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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13
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Qi MY, Wang XT, Xu HL, Yang ZL, Cheng Y, Zhou B. Protective effect of ferulic acid on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:3706-3718. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02398d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid protects against diabetic nephropathy in STZ-induced rats by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-you Qi
- Institution of Pharmacology
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xu-tao Wang
- Institution of Pharmacology
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Hui-lin Xu
- Institution of Pharmacology
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Zhang-liang Yang
- Institution of Pharmacology
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yin Cheng
- Institution of Pharmacology
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Institution of Pharmacology
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
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14
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Yue S, Xue N, Li H, Chen Z, Huang B, Wang X. Isomangiferin Attenuates Renal Injury in Diabetic Mice via Inhibiting Inflammation. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4273-4280. [PMID: 33204133 PMCID: PMC7667188 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s276229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Renal injury induced by diabetes is reported to be associated with inflammation. Isomangiferin (ISO), a xanthone C-glucoside from the Cyclopia subfamily, exhibits many pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the protection of ISO against renal damage in diabetic mice. METHODS Serum glucose, insulin, uric acid, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and inflammatory cytokines in serum and the kidney of db/db diabetes model mice were detected. The components of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1)/NACHT leucine-rich repeat- and PYD-containing 3 (NLRP3)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway in the kidney were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS ISO improved lipid profile and glucose tolerance, and inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in a db/db model mice. Moreover, ISO decreased biochemical indexes in the serum and inhibited the activation of HMGB1/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling in the kidney of db/db model mice. CONCLUSION ISO provides protection against renal injury via inhibiting HMGB1/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling in a diabetic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Xue
- Department of Acupuncture, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honglei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baosheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Baosheng Huang Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101, Longmiandadao, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu211166, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xing Wang China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211199, People’s Republic of China Email
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15
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Wu HH, Chen CJ, Lin PY, Liu YH. Involvement of prohibitin 1 and prohibitin 2 upregulation in cBSA-induced podocyte cytotoxicity. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 28:183-194. [PMID: 31883607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, when not effectively treated. The aim of this study was to discover new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of MN. A reliable mouse model of MN was used by the administration of cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA). Mice with MN exhibited proteinuria, histopathological changes, and accumulation of immune complexes in the glomerular basement membrane. Label-free proteomics analysis was performed to identify changes in protein expression, and the overexpressed proteins were evaluated. There were 273 proteins that showed significantly different expression in mice with MN, as compared to the controls. String analysis showed that functions related to cellular catabolic processes were downregulated in MN. Among the differentially expressed proteins, prohibitin 1 (PHB1) and prohibitin 2 (PHB2) were upregulated in the kidneys of mice with MN, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and this upregulation was observed in both the tubular cells and glomeruli. Both shRNA-mediated knockdown of PHB1 or PHB2 inhibited tumor suppressor p53 expression and significantly promoted podocyte proliferation. In addition, both PHB1 and PHB2 were responsible for cBSA-induced cytotoxicity. Microarray analysis further revealed that the upregulation of PHB1 and PHB2 may be due to a blockage of proteasome activity. These data demonstrate that the upregulation of PHB2 is involved in cBSA-mediated podocyte cytotoxicity, which may lead to MN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Hsiung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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16
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Jin J, Gong J, Zhao L, Zhang H, He Q, Jiang X. Inhibition of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) attenuates podocyte apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating autophagy flux. J Diabetes 2019; 11:826-836. [PMID: 30864227 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte injury, characterized by podocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is the major causative factor of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Autophagy dysfunction is regarded as the major risk factor for podocyte injury including EMT and apoptosis. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in the progression of DN through the induction of autophagy. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. METHODS Plasma HMGB1 concentrations were determined in DN patients using ELISA. Apoptosis of DN serum-treated podocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry. Podocyte autophagy flux was measured using immunofluorescence. Western blotting analysis was used to investigate HMGB1 expression, EMT, and autophagy-related signaling pathways. RESULTS Upregulation of HMGB1 was found in DN patients and DN serum-treated podocytes. Removal of HMGB1 inhibited DN serum-mediated podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy and activating AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. In addition, HMGB1 depletion repressed the progression of podocyte EMT by inhibiting transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/smad1 signaling in vitro and in vivo. The combination of HMGB1 short interference (si) RNA and the autophagy activator rapamycin protected against podocyte apoptosis and EMT progression by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR and TGF-β/smad signaling pathway, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although HMGB1 siRNA and rapamycin treatment had opposite effects on autophagy and AKT/mTOR signaling, there was no contradiction about the role of HMGB1 siRNA and rapamycin on AKT/mTOR pathway because autophagy and AKT/mTOR signaling play dual roles in intracellular biological processes. Based on the findings of this study, we may assume that HMGB1-initiated autophagy is harmful, whereas rapamycin is beneficial to podocyte survival. Possibly combined treatment with HMGB1 siRNA and rapamycin improved podocyte damage and EMT by regulating autophagy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianguang Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
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Samsu N, Soeharto S, Rifai M, Rudijanto A. Rosmarinic acid monotherapy is better than the combination of rosmarinic acid and telmisartan in preventing podocyte detachment and inhibiting the progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats. Biologics 2019; 13:179-190. [PMID: 31564826 PMCID: PMC6722456 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s214820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte injury and its subsequent detachment play a critical role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) in preventing podocyte detachment and inhibiting the progression of DN in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic in rats. METHODS We used 20 adult male Wistar rats as experimental animals, which were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=4 per group): nondiabetic rat group (negative control) and 4 groups of STZ-induced diabetic rats, namely, 1 group untreated diabetic rats (positive control) and 3 groups treated diabetic rats with RA 75 mg/kg, telmisartan (TMS) 1 mg/kg and combination of RA 75 mg/kg with TMS 1 mg/kg), respectively. After 8 weeks of therapy, urinary levels of podocin, nephrin and albumin and also serum cystatin C levels were examined by ELISA. The expression of p65 nuclear factor-kB by immunohistochemistry whereas expression of podocin and nephrin glomerulus were examined by immunofluorescence. RESULTS In the treated diabetic groups, we found that urinary level of podocin and nephrin, albumin urine excretion and serum cystatin C levels were significantly lower than the positive control group. Compared to negative controls, the group of treated diabetic rats did not differ significantly in preventing increased excretion of urinary nephrin and podocin. Meanwhile, treatment with RA monotherapy was significantly better than TMS or a combination of RA with TMS in reducing albumin excretion and preventing decreased kidney function. CONCLUSION In STZ-induced diabetic rats, RA can prevent podocyte detachment. Treatment with RA and TMS either monotherapy or in combination can inhibit the development and progression of DN. However, the combination of both did not show a synergistic effect, even have higher urinary albumin excretion and worse kidney function compared to the RA monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Samsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Muhaimin Rifai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences
| | - Achmad Rudijanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Cao L, Zhu MY, Liu TT, Guo L, Lin Y, Nie XW, Bian JS. Hydrogen Sulfide: Recent Progression and Perspectives for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152857. [PMID: 31390847 PMCID: PMC6696501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease develops in approximately 40% of diabetic patients and is a major cause of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and end stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third gasotransmitter after nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), is synthesized in nearly all organs, including the kidney. Though studies on H2S regulation of renal physiology and pathophysiology are still in its infancy, emerging evidence shows that H2S production by renal cells is reduced under disease states and H2S donors ameliorate kidney injury. Specifically, aberrant H2S level is implicated in various renal pathological conditions including diabetic nephropathy. This review presents the roles of H2S in diabetic renal disease and the underlying mechanisms for the protective effects of H2S against diabetic renal damage. H2S may serve as fundamental strategies to treat diabetic kidney disease. These H2S treatment modalities include precursors for H2S synthesis, H2S donors, and natural plant-derived compounds. Despite accumulating evidence from experimental studies suggests the potential role of the H2S signaling pathway in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, these results need further clinical translation. Expanding understanding of H2S in the kidney may be vital to translate H2S to be a novel therapy for diabetic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Teng-Teng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Ye Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215000, China.
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19
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Xu Y, Gao H, Hu Y, Fang Y, Qi C, Huang J, Cai X, Wu H, Ding X, Zhang Z. High glucose-induced apoptosis and necroptosis in podocytes is regulated by UCHL1 via RIPK1/RIPK3 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111463. [PMID: 31247189 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephrology (DN) is attributed largely to the depletion of podocytes, which is closely associated to apoptosis. However, the complex mechanism of podocyte loss in DN pathogenesis remains unclear. Recently, necroptosis has emerged as an important cell death model in many pathological conditions, which is regulated through RIPK1/RIPK3 pathway. In addition, necroptosis was found to share several upstream signaling pathways with apoptosis. Therefore, it was speculated that both apoptosis and necroptosis may occur in podocytes during the process of podocyte injury in DN. Herein, necroptosis and apoptosis were shown to be involved in podocyte injury induced by high glucose (HG), both in vitro and in vivo, with a high level of positive signaling markers RIPK1 (298.4 ± 17.35), cleaved caspase 3 (497.1 ± 23.09), RIPK3 (108.4 ± 14.92), and MLKL (470.4 ± 15.73) than the control groups. Scaning electron microscopy examination revealed the morphological characteristics of necroptotic and apoptotic cells, which differed remarkably. z-VAD-fmk, a pan-inhibitor of apoptosis, could block apoptosis and enhance necroptosis. Furthermore, UCHL1 was found to play a major role in promoting podocyte necroptosis by regulating the ubiquitination state of the RIPK1/RIPK3 pathway. The half-life of RIPK1 and RIPK3 proteins reduced and the expression of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL decreased significantly after the knockdown of UCHL1. It was shown that UCHL1 exerted a more regulatory response to necroptosis. These data suggested that necroptosis may have more effect on the loss of podocytes than apoptosis in DN with the regulation of UCHL1. Thus, inhibiting UCHL1 to downregulate the RIPK1/RIPK3 pathway may be a novel strategy to protect the podocytes in DN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Xu
- The Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, China; The Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China
| | - Hongyang Gao
- The Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- The Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, China
| | - Yili Fang
- The Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, China
| | - Chenyang Qi
- The Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, China
| | - Jiebo Huang
- The Department of Nephrology, Putuo District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Cai
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- The Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Renal Diseases and Blood Purification, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- The Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Renal Diseases and Blood Purification, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China.
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20
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Zhang J, Liu J, Qin X. Advances in early biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 64:85-92. [PMID: 29561946 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.01.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of chronic kidney disease, and represents the most common and serious complication of diabetes. The exact pathogenesis is complex and not elucidated. Several factors and mechanisms contribute to the development and outcome of diabetic nephropathy. An early diagnosis and intervention may slow down disease progression. A variety of biological markers associated with diabetic nephropathy were found in recent years, which was important for predicting the occurrence and development of the disease. Therefore, this article provides an overview of early biomarkers that are associated with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Masters Student, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- MD, PhD. Associate Professor of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- MD, PhD. Professor of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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21
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Garner KL, Betin VMS, Pinto V, Graham M, Abgueguen E, Barnes M, Bedford DC, McArdle CA, Coward RJM. Enhanced insulin receptor, but not PI3K, signalling protects podocytes from ER stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3902. [PMID: 29500363 PMCID: PMC5834602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the insulin-PI3K-Akt signalling pathway in kidney podocytes causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to podocyte apoptosis and proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesised that by improving insulin sensitivity we could protect podocytes from ER stress. Here we use established activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)- and ER stress element (ERSE)-luciferase assays alongside a novel high throughput imaging-based C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) assay to examine three models of improved insulin sensitivity. We find that by improving insulin sensitivity at the level of the insulin receptor (IR), either by IR over-expression or by knocking down the negative regulator of IR activity, protein tyrosine-phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), podocytes are protected from ER stress caused by fatty acids or diabetic media containing high glucose, high insulin and inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6. However, contrary to this, knockdown of the negative regulator of PI3K-Akt signalling, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN), sensitizes podocytes to ER stress and apoptosis, despite increasing Akt phosphorylation. This indicates that protection from ER stress is conferred through not just the PI3K-Akt pathway, and indeed we find that inhibiting the MEK/ERK signalling pathway rescues PTEN knockdown podocytes from ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Garner
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Virginie M S Betin
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Vanda Pinto
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Mark Graham
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Abgueguen
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Matt Barnes
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - David C Bedford
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Craig A McArdle
- Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Richard J M Coward
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
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22
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Wang H, Feng Z, Xie J, Wen F, Jv M, Liang T, Li J, Wang Y, Zuo Y, Li S, Li R, Li Z, Zhang B, Liang X, Liu S, Shi W, Wang W. Podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN protects kidney from hyperglycemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F1096-F1107. [PMID: 29361670 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00575.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) has proven to be downregulated in podocytes challenged with high glucose (HG), and knockout of PTEN in podocytes aggravated the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, whether podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN protects the kidney against hyperglycemia in vivo remains unknown. The inducible podocyte-specific PTEN knockin (PPKI) mice were generated by crossing newly created transgenic loxP-stop- loxP-PTEN mice with podocin-iCreERT2 mice. Diabetes mellitus was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 150 mg/kg. In vitro, small interfering RNA and adenovirus interference were used to observe the role of PTEN in HG-treated podocytes. Our data demonstrated that PTEN was markedly reduced in the podocytes of patients with DKD and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as in those of db/db mice. Interestingly, podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN significantly alleviated albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, effacement of podocyte foot processes, and incrassation of glomerular basement membrane in diabetic PPKI mice compared with wild-type diabetic mice, whereas no alteration was observed in the level of blood glucose. The potential renal protection of overexpressed PTEN in podocytes was partly attributed with an improvement in autophagy and motility and the inhibition of apoptosis. Our results showed that podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN protected the kidney against hyperglycemia in vivo , suggesting that targeting PTEN might be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy against DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ziwei Feng
- Division of Urology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jianteng Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Feng Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Menglei Jv
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Tiantian Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yangyang Zuo
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
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23
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Lay AC, Hurcombe JA, Betin VMS, Barrington F, Rollason R, Ni L, Gillam L, Pearson GME, Østergaard MV, Hamidi H, Lennon R, Welsh GI, Coward RJM. Prolonged exposure of mouse and human podocytes to insulin induces insulin resistance through lysosomal and proteasomal degradation of the insulin receptor. Diabetologia 2017; 60:2299-2311. [PMID: 28852804 PMCID: PMC6448913 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Podocytes are insulin-responsive cells of the glomerular filtration barrier and are key in preventing albuminuria, a hallmark feature of diabetic nephropathy. While there is evidence that a loss of insulin signalling to podocytes is detrimental, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the development of podocyte insulin resistance in diabetes remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to further investigate podocyte insulin responses early in the context of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Conditionally immortalised human and mouse podocyte cell lines and glomeruli isolated from db/db DBA/2J mice were studied. Podocyte insulin responses were investigated with western blotting, cellular glucose uptake assays and automated fluorescent imaging of the actin cytoskeleton. Quantitative (q)RT-PCR was employed to investigate changes in mRNA. Human cell lines stably overproducing the insulin receptor (IR) and nephrin were also generated, using lentiviral constructs. RESULTS Podocytes exposed to a diabetic environment (high glucose, high insulin and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6) become insulin resistant with respect to glucose uptake and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. These podocytes lose expression of the IR as a direct consequence of prolonged exposure to high insulin concentrations, which causes an increase in IR protein degradation via a proteasome-dependent and bafilomycin-sensitive pathway. Reintroducing the IR into insulin-resistant human podocytes rescues upstream phosphorylation events, but not glucose uptake. Stable expression of nephrin is also required for the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake response in podocytes and for efficient insulin-stimulated remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Together, these results suggest that IR degradation, caused by high levels of insulin, drives early podocyte insulin resistance, and that both the IR and nephrin are required for full insulin sensitivity of this cell. This could be highly relevant for the development of nephropathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes, who are commonly hyperinsulinaemic in the early phases of their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Lay
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Jenny A Hurcombe
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Virginie M S Betin
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Fern Barrington
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Ruth Rollason
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Lan Ni
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Lawrence Gillam
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Grace M E Pearson
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Mette V Østergaard
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Richard J M Coward
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
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24
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Li X, Gao Z, Gao H, Li B, Peng T, Jiang B, Yang X, Hu Z. Nephrin loss is reduced by grape seed proanthocyanidins in the experimental diabetic nephropathy rat model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9393-9400. [PMID: 29152654 PMCID: PMC5779996 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major causes of end-stage renal failure. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE) are known to act as antioxidants. The current study aimed to determine the effects of GSPE on the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model and to explore the underlying mechanism of its action. Wistar rats were induced into a diabetic state by injection of STZ and were treated with 250 mg·kg−1·day−1 GSPE for 24 weeks. Kidney samples were collected for observation of renal pathological changes by light microscope (periodic acid-Schiff staining) and electron microscopy. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), nephrin and podocin. The results indicated that diabetic rats treated with GSPE had markedly reduced Ccr, urinary albumin excretion, ratio of kidney weight to body weight, AGEs and ECM accumulation (P<0.01) compared with that in the diabetic rats. GSPE treatment can also reverse the renal pathological damage in diabetic rats. Further results indicated that GSPE treatment significantly decreased the RAGE expression level (P<0.01), and significantly increased the expression level of nephrin in the kidney and glomeruli of diabetic rats (P<0.01). However, no significant differences were identified in the expression of podocin following GSPE treatment (P>0.05). In conclusion, the results demonstrated that GSPE exerts a reno-protective effect by decreasing urinary albumin excretion and reversing renal pathological damage in diabetic rats. The underlying mechanism of GSPE activity is associated with the decreased expression of the AGEs/RAGE axis and the increased expression of nephrin in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoli Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Haiqing Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Baoying Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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25
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Matkar PN, Ariyagunarajah R, Leong-Poi H, Singh KK. Friends Turned Foes: Angiogenic Growth Factors beyond Angiogenesis. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7040074. [PMID: 28974056 PMCID: PMC5745456 DOI: 10.3390/biom7040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones is a biological process that ensures an adequate blood flow is maintained to provide the cells with a sufficient supply of nutrients and oxygen within the body. Numerous soluble growth factors and inhibitors, cytokines, proteases as well as extracellular matrix proteins and adhesion molecules stringently regulate the multi-factorial process of angiogenesis. The properties and interactions of key angiogenic molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and angiopoietins have been investigated in great detail with respect to their molecular impact on angiogenesis. Since the discovery of angiogenic growth factors, much research has been focused on their biological actions and their potential use as therapeutic targets for angiogenic or anti-angiogenic strategies in a context-dependent manner depending on the pathologies. It is generally accepted that these factors play an indispensable role in angiogenesis. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that this is not their only role and it is likely that the angiogenic factors have important functions in a wider range of biological and pathological processes. The additional roles played by these molecules in numerous pathologies and biological processes beyond angiogenesis are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiek N Matkar
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | | | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Krishna K Singh
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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26
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Kang MK, Park SH, Kim YH, Lee EJ, Antika LD, Kim DY, Choi YJ, Kang YH. Chrysin ameliorates podocyte injury and slit diaphragm protein loss via inhibition of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF-CHOP pathway in diabetic mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1129-1140. [PMID: 28502979 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular epithelial podocytes are highly specialized cells that play a crucial role in maintaining normal function of the glomerular filtration barrier via their foot processes. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonoid found in propolis and mushrooms that has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate the renoprotective effects of chrysin on podocyte apoptotic loss and slit diaphragm protein deficiency in high glucose-exposed podocytes and in db/db mouse kidneys. Exposure to high glucose (33 mmol/L) caused glomerular podocyte apoptosis in vitro, which was dose-dependently attenuated by nontoxic chrysin (1-20 μmol/L) through reduction of DNA fragmentation. Chrysin treatment dose-dependently restored the increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and suppressed Apaf-1 induction and the elevated cytochrome c release in high glucose-exposed renal podocytes. In diabetic db/db mice, oral administration of chrysin (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 10 weeks) significantly attenuated proteinuria, and alleviated the abnormal alterations in glomerular ultrastructure, characterized by apoptotic podocytes and foot process effacement. In addition, this compound improved the induction of slit diaphragm proteins podocin/nephrin in the diabetic glomeruli. Exposure to high glucose elevated the unfolded protein response (UPR) to ER stress in renal podocytes, evidenced by up-regulation of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP. Chrysin treatment blocked such ER stress responses pertinent to podocyte apoptosis and reduced synthesis of slit diaphragm proteins in vitro and in vivo. These observations demonstrate that targeting ER stress is an underlying mechanism of chrysin-mediated amelioration of diabetes-associated podocyte injury and dysfunction.
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Dai H, Ma L, Cao Y, Chen X, Shi H, Fan Y, Yang B. Protection of CTGF Antibody Against Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice Via Reducing Glomerular β‐Catenin Expression and Podocyte Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3706-3712. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hou‐Yong Dai
- Department of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China
| | - Li‐Na Ma
- Department of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China
| | - Xiao‐Lan Chen
- Department of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China
| | - Ya‐Ping Fan
- Department of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China
- Department of Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of LeicesterUniversity Hospitals of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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28
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FocusHeuristics - expression-data-driven network optimization and disease gene prediction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42638. [PMID: 28205611 PMCID: PMC5311990 DOI: 10.1038/srep42638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify genes contributing to disease phenotypes remains a challenge for bioinformatics. Static knowledge on biological networks is often combined with the dynamics observed in gene expression levels over disease development, to find markers for diagnostics and therapy, and also putative disease-modulatory drug targets and drugs. The basis of current methods ranges from a focus on expression-levels (Limma) to concentrating on network characteristics (PageRank, HITS/Authority Score), and both (DeMAND, Local Radiality). We present an integrative approach (the FocusHeuristics) that is thoroughly evaluated based on public expression data and molecular disease characteristics provided by DisGeNet. The FocusHeuristics combines three scores, i.e. the log fold change and another two, based on the sum and difference of log fold changes of genes/proteins linked in a network. A gene is kept when one of the scores to which it contributes is above a threshold. Our FocusHeuristics is both, a predictor for gene-disease-association and a bioinformatics method to reduce biological networks to their disease-relevant parts, by highlighting the dynamics observed in expression data. The FocusHeuristics is slightly, but significantly better than other methods by its more successful identification of disease-associated genes measured by AUC, and it delivers mechanistic explanations for its choice of genes.
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29
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Lenoir O, Gaillard F, Lazareth H, Robin B, Tharaux PL. Hmox1 Deficiency Sensitizes Mice to Peroxynitrite Formation and Diabetic Glomerular Microvascular Injuries. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:9603924. [PMID: 29359167 PMCID: PMC5735626 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9603924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Indirect evidence suggests a role for heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in limiting diabetic vasculopathy. The goal of this study was to assess the role of HO-1 in the development of microvascular lesions within glomeruli during diabetes mellitus using a mouse model with specific alteration of the Hmox1 gene. APPROACH AND RESULTS The effects of Hmox1 haploinsufficiency were studied as a means of assessing the intrinsic contribution of HO-1 in the development of renal microvascular lesions during diabetes. Renal function and histology were analyzed 10 weeks after diabetes induction with streptozotocin. Diabetic Hmox1+/- mice showed higher levels of albuminuria and blood urea compared to their wild-type diabetic littermates. More severe glomerular microvascular lesions were also observed in the diabetic Hmox1+/- mice. This was associated with a renal increase in the expression of the oxidative stress marker, nitrotyrosine. CONCLUSIONS Genetic Hmox1 partial deficiency is sufficient to sensitize mice to the development of diabetic glomerular microvascular lesions. HO-1 exerts antioxidant effects in the kidney during diabetes mellitus. These have protective effects on the development of glomerular endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Lenoir
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - François Gaillard
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Lazareth
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Blaise Robin
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Nephrology Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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30
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Dande RR, Peev V, Altintas MM, Reiser J. Soluble Urokinase Receptor and the Kidney Response in Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:3232848. [PMID: 28596971 PMCID: PMC5449757 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3232848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. DN typically manifests by glomerular hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria; then, the disease progresses to impaired glomerular filtration rate, which leads to ESRD. Treatment options for DN include the strict control of blood glucose levels and pressure (e.g., intraglomerular hypertension). However, the search for novel therapeutic strategies is ongoing. These include seeking specific molecules that contribute to the development and progression of DN to potentially interfere with these "molecular targets" as well as with the cellular targets within the kidney such as podocytes, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of DN. Recently, podocyte membrane protein urokinase receptor (uPAR) and its circulating form (suPAR) are found to be significantly induced in glomeruli and sera of DN patients, respectively, and elevated suPAR levels predicted diabetic kidney disease years before the occurrence of microalbuminuria. The intent of this review is to summarize the emerging evidence of uPAR and suPAR in the clinical manifestations of DN. The identification of specific pathways that govern DN will help us build a more comprehensive molecular model for the pathogenesis of the disease that can inform new opportunities for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasil Peev
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mehmet M. Altintas
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- *Mehmet M. Altintas: and
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- *Jochen Reiser:
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31
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Autophagy in kidney disease and aging: lessons from rodent models. Kidney Int 2016; 90:950-964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Ma R, Chaudhari S, Li W. Canonical Transient Receptor Potential 6 Channel: A New Target of Reactive Oxygen Species in Renal Physiology and Pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:732-748. [PMID: 26937558 PMCID: PMC5079416 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Regulation of Ca2+ signaling cascade by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is becoming increasingly evident and this regulation represents a key mechanism for control of many fundamental cellular functions. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) 6, a member of Ca2+-conductive channel in the TRPC family, is widely expressed in kidney cells, including glomerular mesangial cells, podocytes, tubular epithelial cells, and vascular myocytes in renal microvasculature. Both overproduction of ROS and dysfunction of TRPC6 channel are involved in renal injury in animal models and human subjects. Although regulation of TRPC channel function by ROS has been well described in other tissues and cell types, such as vascular smooth muscle, this important cell regulatory mechanism has not been fully reviewed in kidney cells. Recent Advances: Accumulating evidence has shown that TRPC6 is a redox-sensitive channel, and modulation of TRPC6 Ca2+ signaling by altering TRPC6 protein expression or TRPC6 channel activity in kidney cells is a downstream mechanism by which ROS induce renal damage. CRITICAL ISSUES This review highlights how recent studies analyzing function and expression of TRPC6 channels in the kidney and their response to ROS improve our mechanistic understanding of oxidative stress-related kidney diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Although it is evident that ROS regulate TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ signaling in several types of kidney cells, further study is needed to identify the underlying molecular mechanism. We hope that the newly identified ROS/TRPC6 pathway will pave the way to new, promising therapeutic strategies to target kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 732-748.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Sarika Chaudhari
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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33
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Duan Y, Pei K, Cai H, Tu S, Cheng X, Zhang Z, Fan K, Qiao F, Qin K, Cai B. Strategy of integrated evaluation on treatment of traditional Chinese medicine as 'interaction of system to system' and establishment of novel fuzzy target contribution recognition with herb-pairs, a case study on Astragali Radix-Fructus Corni. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 434:219-37. [PMID: 27392498 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To date, in the struggle against diseases and the development of TCM, what we lack is wisdom rather than knowledge. Studies on pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine are facing critical challenges on how to select the proper parameters or targets to represent the pharmacological evaluation system. With seven steps of optimized modules established by ourselves, we can re-evaluate TCM in a panorama view with a proper pharmacological evaluation system. In this article, with the treatment of TCM as 'interaction of system to system', a novel and generally applicable approach called fuzzy target contribution recognition was established and agents from Astragali Radix-Fructus Corni in resisting diabetic nephropathy were successfully discovered for the first time. CG6, a promising agent from this herb-pair on the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, was finally acquired and its possible molecular mechanism was explored through a nuclear factor erythroid 2-Like 2 (NFE2L2) activation-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ke Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, PR China
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Sicong Tu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Xinwei Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Kailei Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Fengxian Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Kunming Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Baochang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Liu F, Zong M, Wen X, Li X, Wang J, Wang Y, Jiang W, Li X, Guo Z, Qi H. Silencing of Histone Deacetylase 9 Expression in Podocytes Attenuates Kidney Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33676. [PMID: 27633396 PMCID: PMC5025656 DOI: 10.1038/srep33676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte dysfunction is important in the onset and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been recently proved to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of DN. As one subtype of the class IIa HDACs, HDAC9 is capable to repress/de-repress their target genes in tumor, inflammation, atherosclerosis and metabolic diseases. In the present study, we investigate whether HDAC9 is involved in the pathophysiologic process of DN, especially the podocyte injury. Firstly, we explored the expression patterns and localization of HDAC9 and found that HDAC9 expression was significantly up-regulated in high glucose (HG)-treated mouse podocytes, as well as kidney tissues from diabetic db/db mice and patients with DN. Secondly, knockdown of HDAC9 in mouse podocytes significantly suppressed HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell apoptosis and inflammation through JAK2/STAT3 pathway and reduced the podocytes injury by decreasing the expression levels of Nephrin and Podocin. Moreover, in diabetic db/db mice, silencing of HDAC9 attenuated the glomerulosclerosis, inflammatory cytokine release, podocyte apoptosis and renal injury. Collectively, these data indicate that HDAC9 may be involved in the process of DN, especially podocyte injury. Our study suggest that inhibition of HDAC9 may have a therapeutic potential in DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zong
- Department of Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Wen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuezhu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualin Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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35
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GLCCI1 is a novel component associated with the PI3K signaling pathway in podocyte foot processes. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e233. [PMID: 27174202 PMCID: PMC4910149 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte foot processes are interdigitated to form the slit diaphragm and are crucial for the glomerular filtration barrier. Glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 (GLCCI1) is transcriptionally regulated, but its signaling pathway in podocytes is unknown. The main objective of this study was to investigate the regulation of podocyte foot process proteins and to investigate the role of GLCCI1 in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway using high glucose-induced podocytes and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In podocytes and rat kidneys, GLCCI1 was found to be highly specific for the glomerulus and podocyte foot processes similar to other podocyte-specific proteins (nephrin, podocin, synatopodin and podocalyxin) based on reverse transcription-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy analyses. In addition, the decrease in the GLCCI1 expression level under hyperglycemic conditions was restored by treatment with a PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin). Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that GLCCI1 colocalized with nephrin and synaptopodin both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, immunoelectron microscopy data from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed that GLCCI1 also localized in podocyte foot processes. Hence, GLCCI1 is a component of podocyte foot processes, and its expression appears to be regulated via the PI3K pathway.
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Abstract
Diabetes is increasing in prevalence and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Diabetic kidney disease is considered a proteinuric glomerular disease. Although the glomerulus is composed of various cell types, research suggests that podocytes are critical to overall glomerular health. Podocyte injury has been identified as a pivotal event resulting in proteinuric kidney disease, glomerulosclerosis, and loss of renal function. Thus, understanding the signaling mechanisms that trigger podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease might allow for the development of targeted therapeutics to prevent or ameliorate progression to end-stage renal failure. This review focuses on the role of podocytes in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Lin
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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37
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Lenoir O, Jasiek M, Hénique C, Guyonnet L, Hartleben B, Bork T, Chipont A, Flosseau K, Bensaada I, Schmitt A, Massé JM, Souyri M, Huber TB, Tharaux PL. Endothelial cell and podocyte autophagy synergistically protect from diabetes-induced glomerulosclerosis. Autophagy 2016; 11:1130-45. [PMID: 26039325 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1049799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glomerulus is a highly specialized capillary tuft, which under pressure filters large amounts of water and small solutes into the urinary space, while retaining albumin and large proteins. The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) is a highly specialized filtration interface between blood and urine that is highly permeable to small and midsized solutes in plasma but relatively impermeable to macromolecules such as albumin. The integrity of the GFB is maintained by molecular interplay between its 3 layers: the glomerular endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane and podocytes, which are highly specialized postmitotic pericytes forming the outer part of the GFB. Abnormalities of glomerular ultrafiltration lead to the loss of proteins in urine and progressive renal insufficiency, underlining the importance of the GFB. Indeed, albuminuria is strongly predictive of the course of chronic nephropathies especially that of diabetic nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of renal insufficiency. We found that high glucose concentrations promote autophagy flux in podocyte cultures and that the abundance of LC3B II in podocytes is high in diabetic mice. Deletion of Atg5 specifically in podocytes resulted in accelerated diabetes-induced podocytopathy with a leaky GFB and glomerulosclerosis. Strikingly, genetic alteration of autophagy on the other side of the GFB involving the endothelial-specific deletion of Atg5 also resulted in capillary rarefaction and accelerated DN. Thus autophagy is a key protective mechanism on both cellular layers of the GFB suggesting autophagy as a promising new therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Key Words
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CASP3, caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
- Cdh5, cadherin 5
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DN, diabetic nephropathy
- ESRD, end-stage renal disease
- GBM, glomerular basement membrane
- GEC, glomerular endothelial cells
- GFB, glomerular filtration barrier
- MAP1LC3A/B/LC3A/B), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 α/β
- MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- Nphs2, nephrosis 2, podocin
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TUBA, tubulin
- autophagy
- diabetic nephropathy
- endothelial cells
- podocytes
- proteinuria
- sclerosis
- α, WT1, Wilms tumor 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Lenoir
- a Paris Cardiovascular Research Center; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ; Paris , France
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Dai H, Zhang Y, Yuan L, Wu J, Ma L, Shi H. CTGF mediates high-glucose induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition through activation of β-catenin in podocytes. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1711-1716. [PMID: 26984259 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1158069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is known that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and β-catenin are involved in DN; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here we hypothesized that podocytes undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in high-glucose condition and CTGF mediates high-glucose induced EMT by activating β-catenin in podocytes. METHODS The differentiated podocytes were cultured and divided into three groups: the normal glucose group (5 mmol/L glucose), the high-glucose group (30 mmol/L glucose), and the osmotic control group (5 mmol/L glucose supplemented with 25 mmol/L mannitol). The morphology of cultured podocytes was observed under phase contrast microscopy. To study the relevant markers of EMT, as well as CTGF and β-catenin, the mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. In addition, the effects of inhibition CTGF by anti-CTGF antibody on high-glucose-induced EMT and β-catenin expression in podocytes were studied. RESULTS High glucose not only induced phenotypic transition of podocytes but also increased the expression of CTGF and β-catenin. Under high-glucose condition, podocytes underwent EMT, which were demonstrated by downregulation of nephrin and upregulation of desmin. Moreover, high-glucose-induced EMT and β-catenin overexpression in podocytes were attenuated by anti-CTGF antibody. CONCLUSION CTGF and β-catenin are involved in the EMT of podocytes in diabetes. CTGF mediates high-glucose induced EMT through activation of β-catenin in podocytes. CTGF inhibition may protect podocytes from EMT in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyong Dai
- a Department of Nephrology , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Yide Zhang
- a Department of Nephrology , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Li Yuan
- a Department of Nephrology , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- a Department of Nephrology , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Lina Ma
- a Department of Nephrology , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Hui Shi
- a Department of Nephrology , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , China
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 protects podocytes from apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21664. [PMID: 26876672 PMCID: PMC4753499 DOI: 10.1038/srep21664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of podocytes is an early feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and predicts its progression. We found that treatment of podocytes with sera from normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetes patients with high lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity, known to predict progression of DN, downregulated CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2). LPS-treatment of mice also reduced CDK2 expression. LPS-induced downregulation of CDK2 was prevented in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway using immunomodulatory agent GIT27. We also observed that CDK2 is downregulated in the glomeruli of obese Zucker rats before the onset of proteinuria. Knockdown of CDK2, or inhibiting its activity with roscovitine in podocytes increased apoptosis. CDK2 knockdown also reduced expression of PDK1, an activator of the cell survival kinase Akt, and reduced Akt phosphorylation. This suggests that CDK2 regulates the activity of the cell survival pathway via PDK1. Furthermore, PDK1 knockdown reduced the expression of CDK2 suggesting a regulatory loop between CDK2 and PDK1. Collectively, our data show that CDK2 protects podocytes from apoptosis and that reduced expression of CDK2 associates with the development of DN. Preventing downregulation of CDK2 by blocking the TLR pathway with GIT27 may provide a means to prevent podocyte apoptosis and progression of DN.
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Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is mediated by the store-operated Ca(2+) channel (SOC) that opens upon depletion of internal Ca(2+) stores following activation of G protein-coupled receptors or receptor tyrosine kinases. Over the past two decades, the physiological and pathological relevance of SOCE has been extensively studied. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests associations of altered SOCE with diabetic complications. This review focuses on the implication of SOCE as it pertains to various complications resulting from diabetes. We summarize recent findings by us and others on the involvement of abnormal SOCE in the development of diabetic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy and diabetic vasculopathy. The underlying mechanisms that mediate the diabetes-associated alterations of SOCE are also discussed. The SOCE pathway may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Chaudhari
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, TX, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, TX, USA
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IRS2 and PTEN are key molecules in controlling insulin sensitivity in podocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:3224-34. [PMID: 26384875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insulin signaling to the glomerular podocyte is important for normal kidney function and is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study determined the role of the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) in this system. Conditionally immortalized murine podocytes were generated from wild-type (WT) and insulin receptor substrate 2-deficient mice (Irs2(-/-)). Insulin signaling, glucose transport, cellular motility and cytoskeleton rearrangement were then analyzed. Within the glomerulus IRS2 is enriched in the podocyte and is preferentially phosphorylated by insulin in comparison to IRS1. Irs2(-/-) podocytes are significantly insulin resistant in respect to AKT signaling, insulin-stimulated GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake, filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton remodeling and cell motility. Mechanistically, we discovered that Irs2 deficiency causes insulin resistance through up-regulation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Importantly, suppressing PTEN in Irs2(-/-) podocytes rescued insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, this study has identified for the first time IRS2 as a critical molecule for sensitizing the podocyte to insulin actions through its ability to modulate PTEN expression. This finding reveals two potential molecular targets in the podocyte for modulating insulin sensitivity and treating DN.
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Heme oxygenase-1 enhances autophagy in podocytes as a protective mechanism against high glucose-induced apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2015; 337:146-59. [PMID: 25882498 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Injury and loss of podocytes play vital roles in diabetic nephropathy progression. Emerging evidence suggests autophagy, which is induced by multiple stressors including hyperglycemia, plays a protective role. Meanwhile, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) possesses powerful anti-apoptotic properties. Therefore, we investigated the impact of autophagy on podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions and its association with HO-1. Mouse podocytes were cultured in vitro; apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Transmission electron microscopy and biochemical autophagic flux assays were used to measure the autophagy markers microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and beclin-1. LC3-II and beclin-1 expression peaked 12-24h after exposing podocytes to high glucose. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine or Beclin-1 siRNAs or Atg 5 siRNAs sensitized cells to apoptosis, suggesting autophagy is a survival mechanism. HO-1 inactivation inhibited autophagy, which aggravated podocyte injury in vitro. Hemin-induced autophagy also protected podocytes from hyperglycemia in vitro and was abrogated by HO-1 siRNA. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation was higher in hemin-treated and lower in HO-1 siRNA-treated podocytes. Suppression of AMPK activity reversed HO-1-mediated Beclin-1 upregulation and autophagy, indicating HO-1-mediated autophagy is AMPK dependent. These findings suggest HO-1 induction and regulation of autophagy are potential therapeutic targets for diabetic nephropathy.
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43
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Su H, Wan Q, Tian XJ, He FF, Gao P, Tang H, Ye C, Fan D, Chen S, Wang YM, Meng XF, Zhang C. MAD2B contributes to podocyte injury of diabetic nephropathy via inducing cyclin B1 and Skp2 accumulation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F728-36. [PMID: 25651564 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00409.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that mitotic arrest deficiency (MAD)2B can inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) via cadherin (Cdh)1 and, consequently, can destroy the effective mitotic spindle checkpoint control. Podocytes have been observed to rapidly detach and die when being forced to bypass cell cycle checkpoints. However, the role of MAD2B, a cell cycle regulator, in podocyte impairment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the significance of MAD2B in the pathogenesis of DN in patients, an animal model, and in vitro podocyte cultures. By Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses, we found that MAD2B was evidently upregulated under high glucose milieu in vivo and in vitro, whereas Cdh1 was inhibited with high glucose exposure. Overexpression of MAD2B in podocytes by plasmid DNA transfection suppressed expression of Cdh1 and triggered the accumulation of cyclin B1 and S phase kinase-associated protein (Skp)2, two key molecules involving in cell cycle regulation, and the subsequent podocyte insult. In contrast, MAD2B deletion alleviated the high glucose-induced reduction of Cdh1 as well as the elevation of cyclin B1 and Skp2, which rescued the podocyte from damage. Taken together, our data demonstrate that MAD2B may play an important role in high glucose-mediated podocyte injury of DN via modulation of Cdh1, cyclin B1, and Skp2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; and
| | - Xiu-Juan Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Fang He
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Fang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
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Sesquiterpene lactones inhibit advanced oxidation protein product-induced MCP-1 expression in podocytes via an IKK/NF-κB-dependent mechanism. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:934058. [PMID: 25664142 PMCID: PMC4309307 DOI: 10.1155/2015/934058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a relevant factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes nephropathy (DN). Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), originally isolated from Tanacetum parthenium, have been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects but few studies have examined their effects on DN. To determine whether advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) can induce the expression of chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein- (MCP-) 1 in cultured mouse podocytes and to explore the mechanisms of the potential renoprotection of SLs, we treated podocytes with AOPPs and SLs (parthenolide and its derivatives micheliolide, compound 1, and compound 2). MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression were tested using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively, and the protein levels of IKKβ, phospho-IKKβ, IκBα, NF-κB p65, phospho-NF-κB p65, and tubulin were analyzed by Western blotting. AOPPs activated the expression of MCP-1 mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner, activated IKKβ and NF-κB p65, and promoted IκBα degradation. The IKK/NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide decreased AOPP-induced MCP-1 expression. Pretreatment with SLs inhibited MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression and suppressed IKKβ and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and IκBα degradation. Taken together, these findings provide a novel explanation for the anti-inflammatory effects of SLs that will ultimately benefit DN and potentially other inflammatory and immune renal diseases.
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Shchukina AA, Bobkova IN, Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, Zuraeva ZT, Mikhaleva OV. [Urinary excretion of markers for podocyte injury in patients with diabetes mellitus]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:62-66. [PMID: 26978176 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2015871062-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the urinary excretion of markers for podocyte injury, to specify their value for the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), and to access the risk of its progression in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with varying degrees of albuminuria/proteinuria. SUBJECT AND METHODS Seventy-four diabetic patients (30 with type 1 DM and 44 with type 2 DM) were examined and divided into 3 groups according to the urinary concentration in one urinary portion: 1) 41 patients with normal albuminuria (NAU) (<20 mg/l); 2) 13 patients with microalbuminuria (MAU) (20-200 mg/l); 3) 20 patients with proteinuria (PU) (>200 mg/l). A control group included 10 healthy individuals. The urinary levels of the podocyte structural proteins nephrin and podocin were determined by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Nephrinuria (NU) was detected in 63, 77, and 80% of the patients with NAU, MAU, and PU, respectively. Podocinuria (PDU) was found in 78, 54, and 83% of those with NAU, MAU, and PU, respectively. NU in DN with PU was significantly higher than that in DM with NAU. In the NAU, MAU, and PU subgroups, podocin excretion was equally higher and did not differ between the types of DM. There was a direct correlation of NU with albuminuria, which was stronger in the MAU subgroup. In the patients with DM with varying degrees of albuminuria, the values of NU and PDU correlated directly to serum creatinine levels and inversely with glomerular filtration rate. NU directly correlated with glycated hemoglobin levels in the patients with types 1 and 2 DM of less than 5 years' duration and a direct significant correlation of systolic blood pressure with NU was found in those with type 2 DM. CONCLUSION Determination of urinary nephrin and podocin levels may be used for the early preclinical diagnosis of DN and the monitoring of the glomerular apparatus in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Shchukina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - I N Bobkova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Shestakova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - O K Vikulova
- Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Z T Zuraeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Mikhaleva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Intermediate conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels: a novel target for chronic renal diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-014-1339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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47
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Zhang X, Song Z, Guo Y, Zhou M. The novel role of TRPC6 in vitamin D ameliorating podocyte injury in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 399:155-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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48
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High glucose increases Cdk5 activity in podocytes via transforming growth factor-β1 signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2014; 326:219-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wasik AA, Koskelainen S, Hyvönen ME, Musante L, Lehtonen E, Koskenniemi K, Tienari J, Vaheri A, Kerjaschki D, Szalay C, Révész C, Varmanen P, Nyman TA, Hamar P, Holthöfer H, Lehtonen S. Ezrin Is Down-Regulated in Diabetic Kidney Glomeruli and Regulates Actin Reorganization and Glucose Uptake via GLUT1 in Cultured Podocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1727-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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50
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Wang X, Liu J, Zhen J, Zhang C, Wan Q, Liu G, Wei X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Han H, Xu H, Bao C, Song Z, Zhang X, Li N, Yi F. Histone deacetylase 4 selectively contributes to podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2014; 86:712-25. [PMID: 24717296 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies have highlighted the importance of histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated epigenetic processes in the development of diabetic complications. Inhibitors of HDAC are a novel class of therapeutic agents in diabetic nephropathy, but currently available inhibitors are mostly nonselective inhibit multiple HDACs, and different HDACs serve very distinct functions. Therefore, it is essential to determine the role of individual HDACs in diabetic nephropathy and develop HDAC inhibitors with improved specificity. First, we identified the expression patterns of HDACs and found that, among zinc-dependent HDACs, HDAC2/4/5 were upregulated in the kidney from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, diabetic db/db mice, and in kidney biopsies from diabetic patients. Podocytes treated with high glucose, advanced glycation end products, or transforming growth factor-β (common detrimental factors in diabetic nephropathy) selectively increased HDAC4 expression. The role of HDAC4 was evaluated by in vivo gene silencing by intrarenal lentiviral gene delivery and found to reduce renal injury in diabetic rats. Podocyte injury was associated with suppressing autophagy and exacerbating inflammation by HDAC4-STAT1 signaling in vitro. Thus, HDAC4 contributes to podocyte injury and is one of critical components of a signal transduction pathway that links renal injury to autophagy in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangyi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinbing Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huirong Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huiyan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chanchan Bao
- The Microscopy Characterization Platform, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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