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Rostami A, White K, Rostami K. Pro and anti-inflammatory diets as strong epigenetic factors in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:3284-3289. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i27.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the consequence of a complex interplay between environmental factors, like dietary habits, that alter intestinal microbiota in response to luminal antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. Epigenetics represents an auspicious area for the discovery of how environmental factors influence the pathogenesis of inflammation, prognosis, and response to therapy. Consequently, it relates to gene expression control in response to environmental influences. The increasing number of patients with IBD globally is indicative of the negative effects of a food supply rich in trans and saturated fats, refined sugars, starches and additives, as well as other environmental factors like sedentarism and excess bodyweight, influencing the promotion of gene expression and increasing DNA hypomethylation in IBD. As many genetic variants are now associated with Crohn's disease (CD), new therapeutic strategies targeting modifiable environmental triggers, such as the implementation of an anti-inflammatory diet that involves the removal of potential food antigens, are of growing interest in the current literature. Diet, as a strong epigenetic factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders like IBD, provides novel insights into the pathophysiology of intestinal and extraintestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Rostami
- Digestive Health Clinic, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Kristen White
- Digestive Health Clinic & Kōtare Wellness Ltd, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Kamran Rostami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Palmerston North Hospital, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Johnson-Martínez JP, Diener C, Levine AE, Wilmanski T, Suskind DL, Ralevski A, Hadlock J, Magis AT, Hood L, Rappaport N, Gibbons SM. Aberrant bowel movement frequencies coincide with increased microbe-derived blood metabolites associated with reduced organ function. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101646. [PMID: 39019013 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Bowel movement frequency (BMF) directly impacts the gut microbiota and is linked to diseases like chronic kidney disease or dementia. In particular, prior work has shown that constipation is associated with an ecosystem-wide switch from fiber fermentation and short-chain fatty acid production to more detrimental protein fermentation and toxin production. Here, we analyze multi-omic data from generally healthy adults to see how BMF affects their molecular phenotypes, in a pre-disease context. Results show differential abundances of gut microbial genera, blood metabolites, and variation in lifestyle factors across BMF categories. These differences relate to inflammation, heart health, liver function, and kidney function. Causal mediation analysis indicates that the association between lower BMF and reduced kidney function is partially mediated by the microbially derived toxin 3-indoxyl sulfate (3-IS). This result, in a generally healthy context, suggests that the accumulation of microbiota-derived toxins associated with abnormal BMF precede organ damage and may be drivers of chronic, aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P Johnson-Martínez
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christian Diener
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne E Levine
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Hadlock
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 USA
| | | | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Phenome Health, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Phenomic Health, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Noa Rappaport
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Phenome Health, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Phenomic Health, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Sean M Gibbons
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Sayegh LN, Haddad F, Bou Jaoude L, Fakhoury-Sayegh N, Heraoui GNHA, Nasrallah Z, Chidiac C, Nawfal R, Francis FF, Mourad FH, Hashash JG. Nutritional Profile, Disease Severity, and Quality of Life of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1826. [PMID: 38931181 PMCID: PMC11206244 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diet is thought to play an important role in the clinical course and quality of life (QOL) of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, dietary habits of patients with IBD are still unknown. This case-control study aims to compare the dietary habits of patients with IBD to healthy controls and evaluate differences in disease severity and QOL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Food frequency, severity scores using the Harvey-Bradshaw and Ulcerative colitis activity index, and QOL were assessed using online questionnaires. Dietary habits were compared for patients with active disease and remission and for those with low QOL (LQOL) and high QOL (HQOL). RESULTS We recruited 61 patients with IBD and 101 controls. Significance was set at p = 0.05. Controls consumed significantly more daily calories (2546 vs. 1641, p = 0.001). However, patients with IBD consumed a higher percentage of carbohydrates (50% vs. 45%, p = 0.001), more red meat (p = 0.024), and less fiber, sucrose, and lactose (p = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.036). Patients with active disease had higher lipid intake, lower protein intake, and lower QOL (47 vs. 58, p = 0.001). Dietary differences between LQOL and HQOL mirrored those between active disease and remission. CONCLUSION This study is the first to provide valuable insights into the nutritional profile of Lebanese patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea N. Sayegh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss St., Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (F.H.); (L.B.J.); (Z.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Firas Haddad
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss St., Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (F.H.); (L.B.J.); (Z.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Layane Bou Jaoude
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss St., Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (F.H.); (L.B.J.); (Z.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Nicole Fakhoury-Sayegh
- Department of Nutrition, Saint Joseph University, Damascus St., Beirut P.O. Box 17-5208, Lebanon; (N.F.-S.); (G.N.H.A.H.)
| | - Gessica N. H. A. Heraoui
- Department of Nutrition, Saint Joseph University, Damascus St., Beirut P.O. Box 17-5208, Lebanon; (N.F.-S.); (G.N.H.A.H.)
| | - Zainab Nasrallah
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss St., Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (F.H.); (L.B.J.); (Z.N.); (C.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indiana University, 1120 W Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Charbel Chidiac
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss St., Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (F.H.); (L.B.J.); (Z.N.); (C.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Rashad Nawfal
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fadi F. Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Fadi H. Mourad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Cairo Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Jana G. Hashash
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Bonazzi E, Bretin A, Vigué L, Hao F, Patterson AD, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B. Individualized microbiotas dictate the impact of dietary fiber on colitis sensitivity. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:5. [PMID: 38178260 PMCID: PMC10768099 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The observation that the intestinal microbiota is central in the development of IBD suggests that dietary fiber, the microbiota's primary source of nourishment, could play a central role in these diseases. Accordingly, enriching diets with specific soluble fibers remodels microbiota and modulates colitis sensitivity. In humans, a recent study suggests that the microbiota of select IBD patients might influence the impacts they would experience upon fiber exposure. We sought here to define the extent to which individual microbiotas varied in their responsiveness to purified soluble fiber inulin and psyllium. Moreover, the extent to which such variance might impact proneness to colitis. RESULTS We observed a high level of inter-individual variation in microbiota responsiveness to fiber inulin and psyllium: while microbiotas from select donors exhibited stark fiber-induced modulation in composition, pro-inflammatory potential, and metabolomic profile, others were only minimally impacted. Mice transplanted with fiber-sensitive microbiomes exhibited colitis highly modulated by soluble fiber consumption, while mice receiving fiber-resistant microbiotas displayed colitis severity irrespective of fiber exposure. CONCLUSION The extent to which select soluble fibers alter proneness to colitis is highly influenced by an individual's microbiota composition and further investigation of individual microbiota responsiveness toward specific dietary fiber could pave the way to personalized fiber-based intervention, both in IBD patients and healthy individuals. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Bonazzi
- INSERM U1016, Team "Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases", CNRS UMR10 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Bretin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lucile Vigué
- INSERM U1016, Team "Robustness and Evolvability of Life", CNRS UMR10 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- INSERM U1016, Team "Robustness and Evolvability of Life", CNRS UMR10 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, Team "Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases", CNRS UMR10 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Pan Y, Zhang H, Li M, He T, Guo S, Zhu L, Tan J, Wang B. Novel approaches in IBD therapy: targeting the gut microbiota-bile acid axis. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2356284. [PMID: 38769683 PMCID: PMC11110704 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Disturbed gut microbiota and abnormal bile acid (BA) metabolism are notable in IBD, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. Specifically, the diversity of the gut microbiota influences BA composition, whereas altered BA profiles can disrupt the microbiota. IBD patients often exhibit increased primary bile acid and reduced secondary bile acid concentrations due to a diminished bacteria population essential for BA metabolism. This imbalance activates BA receptors, undermining intestinal integrity and immune function. Consequently, targeting the microbiota-BA axis may rectify these disturbances, offering symptomatic relief in IBD. Here, the interplay between gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) is reviewed, with a particular focus on the role of gut microbiota in mediating bile acid biotransformation, and contributions of the gut microbiota-BA axis to IBD pathology to unveil potential novel therapeutic avenues for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tingjing He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Sihao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological & Chemical engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
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Marangoni K, Dorneles G, da Silva DM, Pinto LP, Rossoni C, Fernandes SA. Diet as an epigenetic factor in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5618-5629. [PMID: 38077158 PMCID: PMC10701328 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i41.5618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has as a main characteristic the exacerbation of the immune system against enterocytes, compromising the individual's intestinal microbiota. This inflammatory cascade causes several nutritional deficiencies, which further compromise immunological functioning and, as a result, worsen the prognosis. This vicious cycle can be interrupted as the patient's dietary pattern meets their needs according to their clinical condition, acting directly on the inflammatory process of IBD through the interaction of food, intestinal microbiota, and epigenome. Specific nutritional intervention for IBD has a crucial role in preventing and managing disease activity. This review addresses epigenetic modifications through dietary compounds as a mechanism for modulating the intestinal microbiota of patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Marangoni
- Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica - Almada, Portugal, Caparica 2820-062, Portugal
- National Institute of Sciences and Technology - Theranostics and Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia - MG, Brazil, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Gilson Dorneles
- Corporate Social Responsibility, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre 90035-004, Brazil
| | - Daniella Miranda da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Uniasselvi - Group Vitru, Santa Catarina 89082-262, Brazil
| | - Letícia Pereira Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Carina Rossoni
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Environmental Health, University of Lisbon, Lisboa 1649-026, Portugal
- Master in Physical Activity and Health, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, Beja 7800-000, Portugal
- Degree in Nutrition Sciences, Lusófona University, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Sabrina Alves Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
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Wang Y, Lu L, Ling C, Zhang P, Han R. Potential of Dietary HDAC2i in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors. Nutrients 2023; 15:3984. [PMID: 37764768 PMCID: PMC10537481 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a lethal malignancy with high morbidity and mortality but lacks effective treatments thus far. Despite the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (including PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors), durable and optimal clinical benefits still remain elusive for a considerable number of BC patients. To break through such a dilemma, novel ICI-based combination therapy has been explored for enhancing the therapeutic effect. Recent evidence has just pointed out that the HDAC2 inhibitor (HDAC2i), which has been proven to exhibit an anti-cancer effect, can act as a sensitizer for ICIs therapy. Simultaneously, dietary intervention, as a crucial supportive therapy, has been reported to provide ingredients containing HDAC2 inhibitory activity. Thus, the novel integration of dietary intervention with ICIs therapy may offer promising possibilities for improving treatment outcomes. In this study, we first conducted the differential expression and prognostic analyses of HDAC2 and BC patients using the GENT2 and Kaplan-Meier plotter platform. Then, we summarized the potential diet candidates for such an integrated therapeutic strategy. This article not only provides a whole new therapeutic strategy for an HDAC2i-containing diet combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for BC treatment, but also aims to ignite enthusiasm for exploring this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Changquan Ling
- Department of Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Xishuangbanna 666303, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Bretin A, Zou J, San Yeoh B, Ngo VL, Winer S, Winer DA, Reddivari L, Pellizzon M, Walters WA, Patterson AD, Ley R, Chassaing B, Vijay-Kumar M, Gewirtz AT. Psyllium Fiber Protects Against Colitis Via Activation of Bile Acid Sensor Farnesoid X Receptor. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1421-1442. [PMID: 36828279 PMCID: PMC10148163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fiber-rich foods promote health, but mechanisms by which they do so remain poorly defined. Screening fiber types, in mice, revealed psyllium had unique ability to ameliorate 2 chronic inflammatory states, namely, metabolic syndrome and colitis. We sought to determine the mechanism of action of the latter. METHODS Mice were fed grain-based chow, which is naturally rich in fiber or compositionally defined diets enriched with semi-purified fibers. Mice were studied basally and in models of chemical-induced and T-cell transfer colitis. RESULTS Relative to all diets tested, mice consuming psyllium-enriched compositionally defined diets were markedly protected against both dextran sulfate sodium- and T-cell transfer-induced colitis, as revealed by clinical-type, histopathologic, morphologic, and immunologic parameters. Such protection associated with stark basal changes in the gut microbiome but was independent of fermentation and, moreover, maintained in mice harboring a minimal microbiota (ie, Altered Schaedler Flora). Transcriptomic analysis revealed psyllium induced expression of genes mediating bile acids (BA) secretion, suggesting that psyllium's known ability to bind BA might contribute to its ability to prevent colitis. As expected, psyllium resulted in elevated level of fecal BA, reflecting their removal from enterohepatic circulation but, in stark contrast to the BA sequestrant cholestyramine, increased serum BA levels. Moreover, the use of BA mimetics that activate the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), as well as the use of FXR-knockout mice, suggested that activation of FXR plays a central role in psyllium's protection against colitis. CONCLUSIONS Psyllium protects against colitis via altering BA metabolism resulting in activation of FXR, which suppresses pro-inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bretin
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jun Zou
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- University of Toledo Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Vu L Ngo
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shawn Winer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel A Winer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | - Lavanya Reddivari
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - William A Walters
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruth Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, Team "Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases," CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- University of Toledo Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Kuang R, O'Keefe SJD, Ramos Del Aguila de Rivers C, Koutroumpakis F, Binion DG. Is Salt at Fault? Dietary Salt Consumption and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:140-150. [PMID: 35380668 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological trends have led to a growing consensus that diet plays a central role in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A Western diet high in ultra-processed foods has been associated with an increased prevalence of IBD worldwide. Much attention has focused on components of the Western diet, including the high fat content, lack of fiber, added sugars, and use of additives, such as carrageenan and other emulsifiers. Less attention has been paid to the impact of high salt intake, an integral component of ultra-processed foods, which has increased dramatically in the US diet over the past 50 years. We review a growing body of literature linking the rise in dietary salt intake with the epidemiology of IBD, increased consumption of salt as a component of ultra-processed foods, high salt intake and imbalances in immune homeostasis, the effects of a high-salt diet on other inflammatory disorders, salt's impact on animal colitis models, salt as an underrecognized component in diet modification-induced remission of IBD, and directions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kuang
- University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J D O'Keefe
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Filippos Koutroumpakis
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David G Binion
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diet remains an important topic for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet few guidelines for dietary recommendations exist. There is a growing interest in the use of diet as treatment or adjuvant therapy for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Here, we highlight the latest evidence on the use of diet for treatment of symptoms, active disease and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. RECENT FINDINGS The Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED) and the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) are studied diets that have gained popularity, but there is growing interest in the use and efficacy of less restrictive diets such as the Mediterranean diet. Recent data suggest healthful dietary patterns alone, with an emphasis on whole foods that are high in vegetable fibre and that promote less consumption of ultra-processed foods may also help achieve remission in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. SUMMARY In this review, we summarize the literature on diet as treatment for IBD. We highlight the latest clinical dietary studies, randomized clinical trials, as well as new and emerging diets for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Cusimano
- Department of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Health System/University of Miami
| | - Oriana M Damas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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