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Kuang R, Levinthal DJ, Ghaffari AA, Del Aguila de Rivers CR, Tansel A, Binion DG. Nightshade Vegetables: A Dietary Trigger for Worsening Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome? Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07955-9. [PMID: 37202602 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Solanaceae family of plants, commonly known as Nightshade vegetables or Nightshades, contains a diverse range of crops of over 2000 members with significant culinary, economic, and cultural importance. Familiar edible Nightshades include tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, and white potatoes. Many pharmacologically active compounds used in traditional medicine, including atropine and hyoscyamine, are derived from Nightshades. In addition to these beneficial pharmacologic agents, Nightshade-derived glycoalkaloid compounds, a key defense mechanism against predation, have been shown to disrupt intestinal epithelium and to potentially activate mast cells in the gut mucosa, leading to adverse symptoms in humans. There is a new appreciation that mast cell activation is an allergic inflammatory mechanism contributing both to pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to gut inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Given their ubiquity in Western diets and their shared glycoalkaloid active compounds, edible Nightshades are attracting new interest as a potential trigger for worsening gut symptoms in functional and inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders. Here, we review the limited existing literature on the adverse effects of Nightshade consumption, including the effects of Nightshade-derived glycoalkaloids on IBD gut inflammation, and the under-recognized contribution of Nightshades to food allergies and allergic cross-reactivity. We then highlight new evidence on the contributions of mast cell activation to GI disorder pathogenesis, including potential linkages between Nightshade antigens, intestinal mast cells, and GI dysfunction in IBS and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kuang
- UPMC Department of Internal Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David J Levinthal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Amir A Ghaffari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Claudia Ramos Del Aguila de Rivers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Aylin Tansel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - David G Binion
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Kuang R, O'Keefe SJD, Ramos Del Aguila de Rivers C, Koutroumpakis F, Binion DG. Is Salt at Fault? Dietary Salt Consumption and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:140-150. [PMID: 35380668 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological trends have led to a growing consensus that diet plays a central role in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A Western diet high in ultra-processed foods has been associated with an increased prevalence of IBD worldwide. Much attention has focused on components of the Western diet, including the high fat content, lack of fiber, added sugars, and use of additives, such as carrageenan and other emulsifiers. Less attention has been paid to the impact of high salt intake, an integral component of ultra-processed foods, which has increased dramatically in the US diet over the past 50 years. We review a growing body of literature linking the rise in dietary salt intake with the epidemiology of IBD, increased consumption of salt as a component of ultra-processed foods, high salt intake and imbalances in immune homeostasis, the effects of a high-salt diet on other inflammatory disorders, salt's impact on animal colitis models, salt as an underrecognized component in diet modification-induced remission of IBD, and directions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kuang
- University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J D O'Keefe
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Filippos Koutroumpakis
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David G Binion
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Lad A, Breidenbach JD, Su RC, Murray J, Kuang R, Mascarenhas A, Najjar J, Patel S, Hegde P, Youssef M, Breuler J, Kleinhenz AL, Ault AP, Westrick JA, Modyanov NN, Kennedy DJ, Haller ST. As We Drink and Breathe: Adverse Health Effects of Microcystins and Other Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in the Liver, Gut, Lungs and Beyond. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030418. [PMID: 35330169 PMCID: PMC8950847 DOI: 10.3390/life12030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing in number and severity worldwide. These HABs are chiefly composed of one or more species of cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, such as Microcystis and Anabaena. Numerous HAB cyanobacterial species produce toxins (e.g., microcystin and anatoxin—collectively referred to as HAB toxins) that disrupt ecosystems, impact water and air quality, and deter recreation because they are harmful to both human and animal health. Exposure to these toxins can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Acute health effects of HAB toxins have been well documented and include symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, headache, fever, and skin rashes. While these adverse effects typically increase with amount, duration, and frequency of exposure, susceptibility to HAB toxins may also be increased by the presence of comorbidities. The emerging science on potential long-term or chronic effects of HAB toxins with a particular emphasis on microcystins, especially in vulnerable populations such as those with pre-existing liver or gastrointestinal disease, is summarized herein. This review suggests additional research is needed to define at-risk populations who may be helped by preventative measures. Furthermore, studies are required to develop a mechanistic understanding of chronic, low-dose exposure to HAB toxins so that appropriate preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies can be created in a targeted fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Lad
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Robin C. Su
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Jordan Murray
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Rebecca Kuang
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Alison Mascarenhas
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - John Najjar
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Shivani Patel
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Prajwal Hegde
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Mirella Youssef
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Jason Breuler
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Andrew L. Kleinhenz
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Andrew P. Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Judy A. Westrick
- Lumigen Instrumentation Center, Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Nikolai N. Modyanov
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - David J. Kennedy
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.J.K.); (S.T.H.); Tel.: +1-419-383-6822 (D.J.K.); +1-419-383-6859 (S.T.H.)
| | - Steven T. Haller
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.L.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (J.M.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (J.N.); (S.P.); (P.H.); (M.Y.); (J.B.); (A.L.K.); (N.N.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.J.K.); (S.T.H.); Tel.: +1-419-383-6822 (D.J.K.); +1-419-383-6859 (S.T.H.)
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Xie Z, Ye K, Chen SH, Liu L, He LC, Sang J, Meng H, Kuang R. Cellular viability and death biomarkers enables the evaluation of ocular irritation using the bovine corneal opacity and permeability assay. Toxicol Lett 2021; 340:52-57. [PMID: 33421553 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The BCOP assay is used in the identification of chemicals that cause no ocular irritation or serious damage. However, this method has not been found to adequately discriminate between mild from moderate ocular irritation (category 2A/2B), based upon the animal data. In this study, we aimed to establish methods for discerning ocular irritation by chemicals. We used the BCOP assay and the fluorescence staining methods based on biomarkers for cellular viability and death. The potential for ocular irritation by 12 chemicals from different UN GHS categories was assessed by the BCOP assay. Cryosections of bovine corneas were obtained. The necrotic nucleus was TUNEL labeled, cytoplasmic f-actin was stained by phalloidin while the nucleus was stained by DAPI. The depth of injury (DOI) was then measured. According to BCOP assay, in vivo data of Draize eye test and DOI, the results showed that category NC irritants caused ≤ 10 % epithelial DOI, irritants of category 2B caused >10 % epithelial DOI and showed no stromal damage, while category 2A showed damage to the stroma. Based on these results, the GHS prediction model could distinguish between GHS 2A and 2B. Authenticating the viability of BCOP by DOI measurements can provide a more reliable basis for classifying ocular irritants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xie
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - K Ye
- Zhejiang Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Co.,Ltd., Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - S H Chen
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - L Liu
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - L C He
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - J Sang
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - H Meng
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - R Kuang
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
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Paidimukkala N, Kuang R, Morris R. 139 Identification of long noncoding RNAs in mouse hair follicle stem cells using computational methods. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Deng J, Li J, Wang L, Hong Y, Zheng L, Hu J, Kuang R. Standard versus Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Renal Stones: A Meta-Analysis. Scand J Surg 2020; 110:301-311. [PMID: 32489145 DOI: 10.1177/1457496920920474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in order to determine the optimal tract size for patients with renal stones. Methods: A systematic search of Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases was conducted for articles published through 20 August 2019, reporting on a comparison of the standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Of 763 studies, 14 were considered for the evidence synthesis. A total of 1980 cases were included. Of these patients, 897 cases underwent standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and 1083 cases underwent mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Stone-free rates were 87.6% (786 of 897 patients) for standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy and 87.8% (951 of 1083 patients) for mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( p = 0.57). Tract sizes of 30F and 22–26F in standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy group shorten operation time compared with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( p = 0.02; p = 0.004; respectively). Leakage ( p = 0.04), bleeding ( p = 0.01), blood transfusion ( p < 0.00001), and renal pelvis perforation ( p = 0.02) were more common in standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy group than in mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy group. Subgroup analysis showed only blood transfusion for 30F and 22–26F standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy group was more common than mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( p < 0.0001, p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: Standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy was associated with higher leakage, bleeding, blood transfusion, and renal pelvis perforation, but had a shorter operation time. Tract size of 30F improved the stone-free rate compared with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy, but led to more complications. Tract size of 22–26F was no better than 30F or mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - J. Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - L. Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Y. Hong
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - L. Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - J. Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - R. Kuang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Castro BA, Flanigan P, Jahangiri A, Hoffman D, Chen W, Kuang R, De Lay M, Yagnik G, Wagner JR, Mascharak S, Sidorov M, Shrivastav S, Kohanbash G, Okada H, Aghi MK. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor downregulation: a novel mechanism of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Oncogene 2017; 36:3749-3759. [PMID: 28218903 PMCID: PMC5491354 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapies for cancer such as VEGF neutralizing antibody bevacizumab have limited durability. While mechanisms of resistance remain undefined, it is likely that acquired resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy will involve alterations of the tumor microenvironment. We confirmed increased tumor-associated macrophages in bevacizumab-resistant glioblastoma patient specimens and two novel glioblastoma xenograft models of bevacizumab resistance. Microarray analysis suggested downregulated macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) to be the most pertinent mediator of increased macrophages. Bevacizumab-resistant patient glioblastomas and both novel xenograft models of resistance had less MIF than bevacizumab-naive tumors, and harbored more M2/protumoral macrophages that specifically localized to the tumor edge. Xenografts expressing MIF-shRNA grew more rapidly with greater angiogenesis and had macrophages localizing to the tumor edge which were more prevalent and proliferative, and displayed M2 polarization, whereas bevacizumab-resistant xenografts transduced to upregulate MIF exhibited the opposite changes. Bone marrow-derived macrophage were polarized to an M2 phenotype in the presence of condition-media derived from bevacizumab-resistant xenograft-derived cells, while recombinant MIF drove M1 polarization. Media from macrophages exposed to bevacizumab-resistant tumor cell conditioned media increased glioma cell proliferation compared with media from macrophages exposed to bevacizumab-responsive tumor cell media, suggesting that macrophage polarization in bevacizumab-resistant xenografts is the source of their aggressive biology and results from a secreted factor. Two mechanisms of bevacizumab-induced MIF reduction were identified: (1) bevacizumab bound MIF and blocked MIF-induced M1 polarization of macrophages; and (2) VEGF increased glioma MIF production in a VEGFR2-dependent manner, suggesting that bevacizumab-induced VEGF depletion would downregulate MIF. Site-directed biopsies revealed enriched MIF and VEGF at the enhancing edge in bevacizumab-naive patients. This MIF enrichment was lost in bevacizumab-resistant glioblastomas, driving a tumor edge M1-to-M2 transition. Thus, bevacizumab resistance is driven by reduced MIF at the tumor edge causing proliferative expansion of M2 macrophages, which in turn promotes tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Castro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - P Flanigan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - A Jahangiri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - D Hoffman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - W Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - R Kuang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - M De Lay
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - G Yagnik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - J R Wagner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - S Mascharak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - M Sidorov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - S Shrivastav
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - G Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - H Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - M K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
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Fu B, Wang G, Cui S, Sun T, Cao R, Feng L, Sun X, Chen J, Xi H, Chen Q, Zhong K, Kuang R. MP-04.05: Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Lower Ureteral Disease. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fu B, Wang G, Cui S, Sun T, Cao R, Feng L, Kuang R, Xi H, Chen Q, Zhong Z, Sun X, Chen J, Xiong L, Wang D, Xie P, Liu T. UP-1.023: Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Large Adrenal Tumors. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ganguly A, Seah N, Popov V, Wang C, Kuang R, Saksena A, Pramanik B, Chan T, McPhail A. Solution- and solid-phase synthesis of enantiomerically pure spiro oxindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Groutas WC, He S, Kuang R, Ruan S, Tu J, Chan HK. Inhibition of serine proteases by functionalized sulfonamides coupled to the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:1543-8. [PMID: 11408173 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A challenge associated with drug design is the development of selective inhibitors of proteases (serine or cysteine) that exhibit the same primary substrate specificity, that is, show a preference for the same P(1) residue. While these proteases have similar active sites, nevertheless there are subtle differences in their S and S' subsites which can be exploited. We describe herein for the first time the use of functionalized sulfonamides as a design and diversity element which, when coupled to the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffold yields potent, time-dependent inhibitors of the serine proteases human leukocyte elastase (HLE), proteinase 3 (PR 3) and cathepsin G(Cat G). Our preliminary findings suggest that (a) appending to the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffold recognition and diversity elements that interact with both the S and S' subsites of a target protease may result in optimal enzyme selectivity and potency and, (b) functionalized sulfonamides constitute a powerful design and diversity element with low intrinsic chemical reactivity and potentially wide applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA.
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Abstract
The antibacterial activity of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and six other compounds against Escherichia coli (E. coli, K12) was investigated in culture media and compared. DMF was found to be more efficient than any other compound at the concentration of 200 ppm. The inhibitory activity of DMF against E. coli increased with increasing concentration of DMF. DMF also exhibited more obvious inhibition against E. coli at the initial growth phase than at other phases. The antibacterial ability of DMF showed low stability to heat processing but was less sensitive to pH values. Under conditions of restricted availability of oxygen, E. coli was more sensitive to DMF. The results indicate that DMF may be a potentially effective alternative antimicrobial agent to inhibit E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Wang
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland
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13
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Groutas WC, Epp JB, Kuang R, Ruan S, Chong LS, Venkataraman R, Tu J, He S, Yu H, Fu Q, Li YH, Truong TM, Vu NT. 1,2,5-Thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 Dioxide: A Powerful Scaffold for Probing the S′ Subsites of (Chymo)trypsin-Like Serine Proteases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 385:162-9. [PMID: 11361013 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffold (I) embodies a motif that allows it to dock to the active site of (chymo)trypsin-like proteases in a predictable and substrate-like fashion. Consequently, inhibitors derived from this heterocyclic scaffold interact with both the S and S' subsites of an enzyme. Exploitation of binding interactions with both the S and S' subsites of a target enzyme may lead to compounds with greatly enhanced enzyme selectivity and inhibitory potency. This preliminary report describes the use of a series of compounds having the heterocyclic scaffold linked to various amino acids to probe the S' subsites of human leukocyte elastase (HLE), proteinase 3 (PR 3), and cathepsin G (Cat G). For comparative purposes, a series of compounds derived from a related scaffold, isothiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide (II), was also generated. Several of the compounds were found to be highly potent and selective time-dependent inhibitors of HLE, PR 3, and Cat G.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Kansas 67260, USA.
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14
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He S, Kuang R, Venkataraman R, Tu J, Truong TM, Chan HK, Groutas WC. Potent inhibition of serine proteases by heterocyclic sulfide derivatives of 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:1713-7. [PMID: 10976518 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The existence of subtle differences in the Sn' subsites of closely-related (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteases, and the fact that the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffold docks to the active site of (chymo)trypsin-like enzymes in a substrate-like fashion, suggested that the introduction of recognition elements that can potentially interact with the Sn' subsites of these proteases might provide an effective means for optimizing enzyme potency and selectivity. Accordingly, a series of heterocyclic sulfide derivatives based on the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffold (I) was synthesized and the inhibitory activity and selectivity of these compounds toward human leukocyte elastase (HLE), proteinase 3 (PR 3) and cathepsin G (Cat G) were then determined. Compounds with P1 = isobutyl were found to be potent, time-dependent inhibitors of HLE and, to a lesser extent PR 3, while those with P1 = benzyl inactivated Cat G rapidly and irreversibly. This study has demonstrated that 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide-based heterocyclic sulfides are effective inhibitors of (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S He
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, KS 67260, USA
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15
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Kuang R, Epp JB, Ruan S, Chong LS, Venkataraman R, Tu J, He S, Truong TM, Groutas WC. Utilization of the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffold in the design of potent inhibitors of serine proteases: SAR studies using carboxylates. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:1005-16. [PMID: 10882012 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of carboxylate derivatives based on the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide and isothiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffolds has been synthesized and the inhibitory profile of these compounds toward human leukocyte elastase (HLE), cathepsin G (Cat G) and proteinase 3 (PR 3) was then determined. Most of the compounds were found to be potent, time-dependent inhibitors of elastase, with some of the compounds exhibiting k(inact)/K1 values as high as 4,928,300 M(-1) s(-1). The inhibitory potency of carboxylate derivatives based on the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide platform was found to be influenced by both the pKa and the inherent structure of the leaving group. Proper selection of the primary specificity group (R(I)) was found to lead to selective inhibition of HLE over Cat G, however, those compounds that inhibited HLE also inhibited PR 3, albeit less efficiently. The predictable mode of binding of these compounds suggests that, among closely-related serine proteases, highly selective inhibitors of a particular serine protease can be fashioned by exploiting subtle differences in their S' subsites. This study has also demonstrated that the degradative action of elastase on elastin can be abrogated in the presence of inhibitor 17.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, KS 67260, USA
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16
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Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss results from the degeneration of hair cells and/or auditory neurons in the cochlea of the inner ear. BDNF and NT-3 were shown to support survival of auditory neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Cochlea from P3-P4 rats were cultured as floating explants and hair cells in the organ of Corti were identified by phalloidin-FITC immunostaining. Treatment with cisplatin (35 micrograms/mL) or neomycin (0.6 mM) resulted in 21.2 +/- 6.0% and 7.4 +/- 4.7% surviving hair cells, respectively, after 3 days in culture. GDNF, added together with the ototoxins, increased their number to 46.7% and 37.4%, respectively. In cultures of dissociated cochlea from 4-week-old rat, cisplatin (5 mg/mL) added 24 h after seeding resulted in only 6.1 +/- 1.2% surviving neurons. However, when cisplatin was added together with GDNF (10 ng/mL), 32.8 +/- 1.0% of the neurons survived. The efficacy of GDNF in animal models of ototoxicity was tested next. Guinea pigs were pretreated with GDNF in one ear, delivered either by infusion into the inner ear (scala tympani) with Alzet minipumps (50 ng/mL at a 0.5 microL/h), or injected into the middle ear (120 microL at 1 mg/mL) through the tympanic membrane. The ear that did not receive GDNF always served as control. Ototoxicity was induced systemically either by intraperitoneal cisplatin injections (1 mg/kg/day for 15 days or two injections of 7.5 mg/kg at a 5-day interval or by a combination of kanamycin (200-300 mg/kg, administered subcutaneously) and ethacrinic acid (40 mg/kg, intravenous). It was found that the number of surviving hair cells in GDNF-treated ears was about twice that of control ears in animals exposed to the ototoxins. The transducing GDNF receptor (ret) is expressed in the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kuang
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
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17
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Groutas WC, Kuang R, Ruan S, Epp JB, Venkataraman R, Truong TM. Potent and specific inhibition of human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase 3 by sulfone derivatives employing the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:661-71. [PMID: 9681132 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the results of structure-activity relationship studies in a series of heterocyclic mechanism-based inhibitors based on the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffold I and capable of interacting with the Sn and Sn' subsites of a serine proteinase. Sulfone derivatives of I were found to be highly effective, time-dependent inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE), cathepsin G (Cat G) and proteinase 3 (PR 3). The judicious selection of an R1 group (accommodated at the primary specificity site S1) that is based on the known substrate specificity of a target serine proteinase, was found to yield highly selective inhibitors. The presence of a benzyl group (R2 = benzyl) at the S2 subsite was found to lead to a pronounced enhancement in inhibitory potency. Furthermore, the effective use of computer graphics and modeling has led to the design of potent, water-soluble inhibitors. The results of these studies demonstrate that the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1, dioxide platform provides an effective means for appending recognition elements in a well-defined vector relationship, and in fashioning highly-selective and potent inhibitors of serine proteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, KS 67260, USA.
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18
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Kuang R, Venkataraman R, Ruan S, Groutas WC. Use of the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide and isothiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffolds in the design of potent inhibitors of serine proteinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:539-44. [PMID: 9871614 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The attachment of a phosphate leaving group to the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide and isothiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffolds was found to yield highly potent, time-dependent inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, KS 67260, USA
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19
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Groutas WC, Ruan S, Kuang R, Hook JB, Sands H. Inhibition of human leukocyte proteinase 3 by a novel recombinant serine proteinase inhibitor (LEX032). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 233:697-9. [PMID: 9168917 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of a bioengineered serpin (LEX032) with human leukocyte proteinase 3 (PR 3) has been investigated. LEX032 was found to be a time-dependent inhibitor of PR 3, forming a highly-stable enzyme-inhibitor complex (Ki 12 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Kansas 67260, USA
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20
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Groutas WC, Kuang R, Venkataraman R, Epp JB, Ruan S, Prakash O. Structure-based design of a general class of mechanism-based inhibitors of the serine proteinases employing a novel amino acid-derived heterocyclic scaffold. Biochemistry 1997; 36:4739-50. [PMID: 9125494 DOI: 10.1021/bi9628937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe in this paper the structure-based design of a general class of heterocyclic mechanism-based inhibitors of the serine proteinases that embody in their structure a novel peptidomimetic scaffold (1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1-dioxide). Sulfone derivatives of this class (I) were found to be time-dependent, potent, and highly efficient irreversible inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3. The partition ratios for a select number of inhibitors were found to range between 0 and 1. We furthermore demonstrate that these inhibitors exhibit remarkable enzyme selectivity that is dictated by the nature of the P1 residue and is consistent with the known substrate specificity reported for these enzymes. Thus, inhibitors with small hydrophobic side chains were found to be effective inhibitors of elastase, those with aromatic side chains of cathepsin G, and those with a basic side chain of bovine trypsin. Taken together, the findings cited herein reveal the emergence of a general class of stable mechanism-based inhibitors of the serine proteinases which can be readily synthesized using amino acid precursors. Biochemical and high-field NMR studies show that the interaction of this class of inhibitors with a serine proteinase results in the formation of a stable acyl complex(es) and the release of benzenesulfinate, formaldehyde, and a low molecular weight heterocycle. The data are consistent with initial formation of a Michaelis-Menten complex, acylation of Ser195, and tandem loss of the leaving group. The initial HLE-inhibitor complex reacts with water generating formaldehyde and a stable HLE-inhibitor complex. Whether the initial HLE-inhibitor complex also reacts with His57 to form a third complex is not known at this point. The desirable salient parameters associated with this class of inhibitors, including the expeditious generation of structurally diverse libraries of inhibitors based on I, suggest that this class of mechanism-based inhibitors is of general applicability and can be used in the development of inhibitors of human and viral serine proteinases of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Kansas 67260, USA.
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21
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Groutas WC, Epp JB, Venkataraman R, Kuang R, Truong TM, McClenahan JJ, Prakash O. Design, synthesis, and in vitro inhibitory activity toward human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 of saccharin-derived sulfones and congeners. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:1393-400. [PMID: 8894097 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(96)00133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory activity toward human leukocyte elastase (HLE), cathepsin G (Cat G), and proteinase 3 (PR 3) of a series of saccharin derivatives having a sulfinate leaving group was investigated. The results of this study revealed that (a) inhibitory activity is dependent on the nature and pKa of the leaving group, and (b) the synthesized saccharin derivatives exhibit selective inhibition toward HLE and PR 3, with low or no activity toward cathepsin G. The results of exploratory biochemical, HPLC and high-field 13C NMR studies are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, KS 67260-0051, USA
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22
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Groutas WC, Chong LS, Venkataraman R, Kuang R, Epp JB, Houser-Archield N, Huang H, Hoidal JR. Amino acid-derived phthalimide and saccharin derivatives as inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3. Arch Biochem Biophys 1996; 332:335-40. [PMID: 8806743 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1996.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid-derived phthalimide and saccharin derivatives have been investigated for their inhibitory activity toward the serine proteinases human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3. The saccharin derivatives were found to be effective time-dependent inhibitors of elastase and proteinase 3 (kobs/[I] values ranged between 180 and 3620 M-1 S-1) and showed weak or no inhibition toward cathepsin G. The corresponding phthalimide derivatives were found to be inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Kansas 67260, USA
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23
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Groutas WC, Brubaker MJ, Chong LS, Venkataraman R, Huang H, Epp JB, Kuang R, Hoidal JR. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of succinimide derivatives as potential mechanism-based inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase 3. Bioorg Med Chem 1995; 3:375-81. [PMID: 8581420 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(95)00024-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship study and in vitro biochemical studies with human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase 3 were conducted using a series of succinimide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, KS 67260, USA
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24
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Groutas WC, Chong LS, Venkataraman R, Epp JB, Kuang R, Houser-Archield N, Hoidal JR. The Gabriel-Colman rearrangement in biological systems: design, synthesis and biological evaluation of phthalimide and saccharin derivatives as potential mechanism-based inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase 3. Bioorg Med Chem 1995; 3:187-93. [PMID: 7796053 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(95)00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The results of a structure-activity relationship study focusing on the interaction of a series of phthalimide and saccharin derivatives with leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase 3 are described. The phthalimide derivatives were found to be inactive while some of the saccharin derivatives were found to be fair inhibitors of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, KS 67260-0051, USA
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25
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Groutas WC, Kuang R, Venkataraman R. Substituted 3-oxo-1,2,5-thiadiazolidine 1,1-dioxides: a new class of potential mechanism-based inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 198:341-9. [PMID: 8292039 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of substituted 3-oxo-1,2,5-thiadiazolidine 1,1-dioxides has been synthesized and their in vitro inhibitory activity toward human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G was investigated. These compounds were found to inactivate the two enzymes efficiently and in a time-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, KS 67260
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