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O'Brien MB, McLoughlin RM, Roche C, Nelson CD, Meade KG. Effect of IL-8 haplotype on temporal profile in circulating concentrations of interleukin 8 and 25(OH) vitamin D in Holstein-Friesian calves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 238:110287. [PMID: 34214911 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an inflammatory chemokine released during the primary innate immune response to recruit neutrophils to the site of infection. Two distinct gene promoter haplotypes have been previously reported to segregate in the Holstein-Friesian breed (IL8-h1 and IL8-h2). Our earlier work showed how these divergent IL8 haplotypes influence IL-8 concentration and other immune response parameters at a systemic level. While a close relationship has been established between vitamin D and IL-8 in other species, the role of genetic haplotype on temporal variation in vitamin D concentrations and its impact on immunity remains unexplored in cattle. Therefore this study had two objectives - 1: to establish the temporal variation in IL-8 concentration profile in healthy calves of each IL-8 haplotype (n = 5/6 per group) and 2: to identify the relationship between systemic 25(OH)D concentration and IL8 haplotype in blood at 10 time points across their first year of life. Elevated IL-8 protein concentration profiles were apparent in IL8-h2 calves at multiple time points throughout the year (P < 0.05). In contrast, circulating concentrations of 25(OH) vitamin D were negatively correlated (0.38) with IL-8, with elevated concentrations in calves of the IL8-h1 haplotype. Increased numbers of innate immune cells - specifically monocytes and basophils, were also detected in blood from IL8-h2 calves (P < 0.05). Importantly, circulating concentrations of vitamin D were substantially below recommended concentrations of 30 ng/mL serum for optimal immunity in the first five months of life, indicating a window of potentially heightened disease susceptibility - particularly in calves of the IL8-h1 haplotype. In conclusion, this study has established that IL8 haplotype confers divergent chemokine concentrations and which contrasts with circulating concentrations of vitamin D. Accounting for both IL8 haplotype and vitamin D concentration may be critical to provide dairy calves with optimal immune protection in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B O'Brien
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co Meath, Ireland; Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Colm Roche
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co Meath, Ireland
| | - Corwin D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Kieran G Meade
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College DuBlin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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2
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Shah H, Eisenbarth S, Tormey CA, Siddon AJ. Behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltab008. [PMID: 35919744 PMCID: PMC9327101 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Though basophils were originally viewed as redundant blood ‘mast cells’, the implementation of flow cytometry has established basophils as unique leukocytes with critical immunomodulatory functions. Basophils play an active role in allergic inflammation, autoimmunity, and hematological malignancies. They are distinguishable from other leukocytes by their characteristic metachromatic deep-purple cytoplasmic, round granules. Mature basophils are phenotypically characterized by surface expression of IL-3Rα (CD123); IL-3 drives basophil differentiation, degranulation, and synthesis of inflammatory mediators including type 2 cytokines. Basophil degranulation is the predominant source of histamine in peripheral blood, promoting allergic responses. Basophils serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity by secreting IL-4 which supports eosinophil migration, monocyte differentiation into macrophages, B-cell activation, and CD4 T-cell differentiation into Th2 cells. Further, basophilia is a key phenomenon in myeloid neoplasms, especially chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) for which it is a diagnostic criterion. Increased circulating basophils, often with aberrant immunophenotype, have been detected in patients with CML and other myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The significance of basophils’ immunoregulatory functions in malignant and non-malignant diseases is an active area of research. Ongoing and future research can inform the development of immunotherapies that target basophils to impact allergic, autoimmune, and malignant disease states. This review article aims to provide an overview of basophil biology, identification strategies, and roles and dysregulation in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemali Shah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Alexa J Siddon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Pelaia C, Crimi C, Benfante A, Caiaffa MF, Calabrese C, Carpagnano GE, Ciotta D, D'Amato M, Macchia L, Nolasco S, Pelaia G, Pellegrino S, Scichilone N, Scioscia G, Spadaro G, Valenti G, Vatrella A, Crimi N. Therapeutic Effects of Benralizumab Assessed in Patients with Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: Real-Life Evaluation Correlated with Allergic and Non-Allergic Phenotype Expression. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:163-173. [PMID: 33654413 PMCID: PMC7910091 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s297273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Benralizumab can be utilized as add-on biological treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. However, so far only a few real-life studies have been published with regard to the use of this anti-IL-5 receptor humanized monoclonal antibody. Objective The primary aim of this multicenter observational investigation has been to assess the therapeutic effects of benralizumab in patients with severe uncontrolled, corticosteroid refractory eosinophilic asthma. The secondary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of benralizumab with regard to positive or negative skin prick test (SPT). Methods Clinical, functional, and laboratory parameters were evaluated in order to verify the therapeutic actions of benralizumab in atopic and non atopic subjects with difficult-to-treat eosinophilic asthma. Moreover, a comparative evaluation was carried out in relation to the presence or absence of SPT positivity. Results After 6 months of add-on biological therapy with benralizumab, our 111 patients experienced a marked improvement of their severe eosinophilic asthma, expressed by significant changes in asthma exacerbation rate, prednisone intake, daily use of short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists (SABA), asthma control test (ACT) score, asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) score (56 patients), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), blood eosinophil count, blood basophil count (59 patients), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels (39 patients). In addition, significantly more effective outcomes were detected in patients with positive SPT, when compared to subjects with negative SPT, only in regard to asthma exacerbation number, ACT score, and daily SABA utilization. No significant correlation was found between serum IgE concentrations and each of all measured parameters. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance Taken together, the results of this real-world study indicate that in both allergic and non-allergic subjects benralizumab can be used as a valuable pharmacotherapeutic option for add-on biological therapy of severe eosinophilic asthma, regardless of SPT positivity or negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alida Benfante
- Department of Biomedicine and Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Calabrese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ciotta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria D'Amato
- Division of Pneumology, "V. Monaldi" University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Macchia
- Allergology and Clinical Immunology Unit, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Santi Nolasco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Simona Pellegrino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicola Scichilone
- Department of Biomedicine and Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Allergology and Immunology Unit, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valenti
- Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, Provincial Outpatient Center of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nunzio Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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4
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Kalm F, Mansouri L, Russom A, Lundahl J, Nopp A. Adhesion molecule cross-linking and cytokine exposure modulate IgE- and non-IgE-dependent basophil activation. Immunology 2020; 162:92-104. [PMID: 32955733 PMCID: PMC7730031 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils are known for their role in allergic inflammation, which makes them suitable targets in allergy diagnostics such as the basophil activation test (BAT) and the microfluidic immunoaffinity basophil activation test (miBAT). Beside their role in allergy, basophils have an immune modulatory role in both innate immunity and adaptive immunity. To accomplish this mission, basophils depend on the capability to migrate from blood to extravascular tissues, which includes interactions with endothelial cells, extracellular matrix and soluble mediators. Their receptor repertoire is well known, but less is known how these receptor–ligand interactions impact the degranulation process and the responsiveness to subsequent activation. As the consequences of these interactions are crucial to fully appreciate the role of basophils in immune modulation and to enable optimization of the miBAT, we explored how basophil activation status is regulated by cytokines and cross‐linking of adhesion molecules. The expression of adhesion molecules and activation markers on basophils from healthy blood donors was analysed by flow cytometry. Cross‐linking of CD203c, CD62L, CD11b and CD49d induced a significant upregulation of CD63 and CD203c. To mimic in vivo conditions, valid also for miBAT, CD62L and CD49d were cross‐linked followed by IgE‐dependent activation (anti‐IgE), which caused a reduced CD63 expression compared with anti‐IgE activation only. IL‐3 and IL‐33 priming caused increased CD63 expression after IgE‐independent activation (fMLP). Together, our data suggest that mechanisms operational both in the microfluidic chip and in vivo during basophil adhesion may impact basophil anaphylactic and piecemeal degranulation procedures and hence their immune regulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Kalm
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ladan Mansouri
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Lundahl
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Nopp
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Sposato B, Scalese M, Camiciottoli G, Carpagnano GE, Pelaia C, Santus P, Maniscalco M, Corsico A, Grosso A, Baglioni S, Murgia N, Folletti I, Pelaia G, Masieri S, Cavaliere C, Musarra A, Bargagli E, Ricci A, Latorre M, Paggiaro P, Rogliani P. Mepolizumab Effectiveness and Allergic Status in Real Life. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 182:311-318. [PMID: 33113532 DOI: 10.1159/000511147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not clear whether mepolizumab is differently effective in allergic and nonallergic severe eosinophilic asthmatics (SEA) in real life. OBJECTIVE We tested mepolizumab effectiveness in allergic/nonallergic SEA in real life. A strict criterion to identify the 2 phenotypes was used. METHOD We retrospectively considered 134 consecutive patients divided into allergic, with a positivity to at least 1 allergen to prick tests and/or IgE values ≥100 UI/mL (severe allergic eosinophilic asthma [SAEA]; n: 97-72.4%), and nonallergic, with no prick test results and normal IgE levels <100 UI/mL (severe nonallergic eosinophilic asthma [SNAEA]; n: 37-27.6%). They had taken mepolizumab for at least 6 months. RESULTS After 10.9 ± 3.7 months, improvements in FEV1%, FEF25-75%, exacerbation numbers, blood eosinophil (BE) counts, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) (ppb), percentages of patients that stopped/reduced short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs) or oral corticosteroid (OC), observed after treatment, were similar in both groups. Only Asthma Control Test (ACT) increases were higher in SNAEA (8 [5-9]) than in SAEA (5 [2.5-8.5]; p = 0.016). However, no differences were found after treatment in percentages of subjects with ACT ≥20, as well as with FEV1 >80%, FEF25-75 >65%, exacerbations ≤2, BE <300 cells/µL, and FENO <25 ppb between SAEA and SNAEA. Besides, no significant relationships were found, comparing SNAEA with SAEA, for FEV1% (β = -0.110; p = 0.266), FEF25-75% (β = -0.228; p = 0.06), BE counts (β = -0.012; p = 0.918), FENO (β = 0.234; p = 0.085), ACT (β = 0.046; p = 0.660), and exacerbations (β = -0.070; p = 0.437). No different associations between lung function and SNAEA occurrence when compared to SAEA condition (FEV1 >80%: OR = 1.04 [95% CI: 0.43-2.55], p = 0.923; FEF25-75 >65%: OR = 0.41 [95% CI: 0.08-2.03], p = 0.272) were detected. Neither all other parameters, such as ACT >20 (OR = 0.73 [95% CI: 0.32-1.63], p = 0.440), presence of exacerbations (OR = 1.35 [95% CI: 0.55-3.27], p = 0.512), SABA discontinuation (OR = 1.16 [95% CI: 0.40-3.39], p = 0.790), and OC cessation/reduction (OR = 3.44 [95% CI: 0.40-29.27], p = 0.258), were differently associated with 1 or the other phenotype. CONCLUSION Mepolizumab can be considered as a valid therapeutic choice for either allergic or nonallergic SEA in real life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Sposato
- Azienda USL Toscana Sud-Est Pneumology Department, "Misericordia" Hospital, Grosseto, Italy, .,Experimental Medicine and Systems, "PhD Program" Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy,
| | - Marco Scalese
- Clinic Physiology Institute, National Research Centre, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianna Camiciottoli
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierachille Santus
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale L. Sacco, ASST Fatebenfratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Institute Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation of the Institute of Telese, Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Angelo Corsico
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS "San Matteo" Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Grosso
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS "San Matteo" Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Murgia
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Folletti
- Occupational Medicine, Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Simonetta Masieri
- Department of Sense Organs, Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cavaliere
- Department of Sense Organs, Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Musarra
- Allergology Department, Casa della Salute di Scilla, Scilla, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Division of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, AOU Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Latorre
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Paggiaro
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Experimental Medicine and Systems, "PhD Program" Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Respiratory Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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6
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Wedi B, Gehring M, Kapp A. The pseudoallergen receptor MRGPRX2 on peripheral blood basophils and eosinophils: Expression and function. Allergy 2020; 75:2229-2242. [PMID: 32003863 DOI: 10.1111/all.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) is regarded as a mast cell-specific receptor mediating non-IgE-dependent activation. We aimed to investigate whether human basophils and eosinophils express functional MRGPRX2. METHODS Flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and RT-PCR were performed in highly purified peripheral blood basophils and eosinophils of atopic and nonatopic donors. To assess functional activity, fluorescent avidin-based degranulation assay, calcium mobilization, cytokine production in supernatants, assessment of viability/apoptosis, and tricolor granulocyte activation test were used. RESULTS MRGPRX2 was significantly expressed by basophils and eosinophils but not neutrophils. Functional capacity was shown by anti-MRGPRX2 mAb-induced calcium influx and concentration-dependent induction of degranulation. Sequential stimulation in the calcium mobilization assay gave no evidence for desensitization or receptor internalization. Anti-MRGPRX2 mAb significantly promoted survival. Inhibition of apoptosis could be due to released IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF found in supernatants. Short-term incubation with IL-3 dose-dependently upregulated MRGPRX2 expression in both, stimulation for 24 hours with anti-IgE, C5a, fMLP, and IL-3 in basophils and by IL-3, IL-5, and IL-33 in eosinophils. Among known mast cell MRGPRX2 agonists ciprofloxacin but not PMX-53 was functional on basophils and eosinophils. In basophils of allergic subjects, tricolor granulocyte activation test using grass pollen demonstrated MRGPRX2 upregulation associated with degranulation and CD63 expression. CONCLUSION Unraveling the regulation and signaling mechanisms of MRGPRX2 on basophils and eosinophils might enable the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent or inhibit allergic and nonallergic hypersensitivity. Moreover, addressing MRGPRX2 might have potential for diagnostic purposes in (drug) hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Wedi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Comprehensive Allergy Center Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Manuela Gehring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Comprehensive Allergy Center Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Alexander Kapp
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Comprehensive Allergy Center Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
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7
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Pelaia C, Busceti MT, Crimi C, Carpagnano GE, Lombardo N, Terracciano R, Vatrella A, Pelaia G. Real-Life effects of benralizumab on exacerbation number and lung hyperinflation in atopic patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110444. [PMID: 32593131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The humanized monoclonal antibody benralizumab targets the α subunit of the interleukin-5 (IL-5) receptor and the FcγRIIIa receptor expressed by natural killer cells. Through this dual mechanism of action, benralizumab neutralizes the pro-eosinophil functions of IL-5 and promotes eosinophil apoptosis. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS The present real-life study aimed to evaluate, in 22 allergic patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, the effects of benralizumab on asthma exacerbations and lung hyperinflation. RESULTS In this regard here we show that, after 24 weeks of add-on treatment, benralizumab completely depleted peripheral blood eosinophils (from 810 to 0 cells/μL; p < 0.0001), and significantly decreased both asthma exacerbation number (from 4 to 0; p < 0.0001) and residual volume (from 2720 to 2300 mL; p < 0.01). Moreover, at the same time point (24 weeks) benralizumab also increased pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (from 1295 to 1985 mL; p < 0.0001), FVC (from 2390 to 2974 mL; p < 0.0001), FEF25-75 (from 0.6 to 1.42 L/sec; p < 0.0001), IC (from 1940 to 2460 mL; not significant), and ACT score (from 14.73 to 22.95; p < 0.0001), as well as reduced prednisone intake (from 25 to 0 mg; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that via its anti-eosinophil actions benralizumab improved airflow limitation, lung hyperinflation, and respiratory symptoms, as well as lowered asthma exacerbation rate and abrogated OCS consumption in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro - Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Busceti
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro - Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania - Catania, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Lombardo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro - Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro - Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno - Salerno, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro - Catanzaro, Italy.
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8
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Pelaia C, Crimi C, Pelaia G, Nolasco S, Campisi R, Heffler E, Valenti G, Crimi N. Real-life evaluation of mepolizumab efficacy in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, according to atopic trait and allergic phenotype. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:780-788. [PMID: 32347992 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5) monoclonal antibodies can be used as add-on biological therapies in allergic and non-allergic patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. However, within such a therapeutic context real-life investigations are lacking. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the aim of the present observational study was to evaluate the effects of mepolizumab in allergic and non-allergic subjects with severe eosinophilic asthma. METHODS Relevant clinical, functional, laboratory, and pharmacotherapeutic parameters were assessed in the above patient subgroups. RESULTS After one year of add-on biological treatment with mepolizumab, our 88 patients experienced a remarkable improvement of their severe asthma, documented by a better symptom control, expressed by a significant improvement in asthma control test (ACT) score. Indeed, the mean value (±standard deviation) of ACT score increased from 12.55 (±3.724) to 21.08 (±3.358). Moreover, significant improvements were also detected with regard to the median values (interquartile range) of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ), blood eosinophil numbers, annual rate of disease exacerbations, and daily intake of oral corticosteroids (OCS). In particular, FEV1 enhanced from 1640 mL (1110-2275) to 1920 mL (1525-2615), blood eosinophil count dropped from 711.0 cells/μL (500.0-1022) to 90.00 cells/μL (50.00-117.5), the annual rate of asthma exacerbations decreased from 3.000 (2.000-6.000) to 0.000 (0.000-1.000), and the daily prednisone intake fell from 6.250 mg (0.000-25.00) to 0.000 mg (0.000-0.000). After one year of mepolizumab treatment, the improvements in clinical, functional, and haematological parameters were quite similar in patient subgroups characterized by skin prick test (SPT) negativity or positivity, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between serum IgE levels and OCS intake decrease (r = -0.2257; P < .05). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hence, our real-life data suggest that mepolizumab can represent a valid add-on therapeutic option for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, irrespective of IgE serum concentrations, and allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Santi Nolasco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Campisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Clinic, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valenti
- Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, Provincial Outpatient Center of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nunzio Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Vitallé J, Terrén I, Orrantia A, Segurola A, Seras Y, Gamboa PM, Borrego F, Zenarruzabeitia O. Increased expression levels of CD300c on basophils from allergic individuals. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100060. [PMID: 31641408 PMCID: PMC6796774 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vitallé
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iñigo Terrén
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ane Orrantia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Aritza Segurola
- Allergology Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Seras
- Allergology Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pedro M. Gamboa
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Allergology Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Corresponding author. Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Corresponding author. Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
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Pelaia C, Busceti MT, Vatrella A, Rago GF, Crimi C, Terracciano R, Pelaia G. Real-life rapidity of benralizumab effects in patients with severe allergic eosinophilic asthma: Assessment of blood eosinophils, symptom control, lung function and oral corticosteroid intake after the first drug dose. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 58:101830. [PMID: 31344472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Benralizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody which binds to the α subunit of the interleukin-5 (IL-5) receptor and to the FcγRIIIa receptor expressed by natural killer cells, thus suppressing the pro-eosinophil actions of IL-5 and triggering eosinophil apoptosis via the very effective mechanism of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Because of its recent approval and introduction in clinical practice for the add-on biological therapy of severe eosinophilic asthma, real-life investigations are still lacking. In this regard, our present real-life study refers to 13 patients with severe allergic eosinophilic asthma, currently under treatment with benralizumab at the Respiratory Unit of "Magna Græcia" University Hospital located in Catanzaro, Italy. Already 4 weeks after the first subcutaneous injection of benralizumab at the dosage of 30 mg, blood eosinophil count rapidly dropped down from 814.7 ± 292.3 cells/μL to 51.3 ± 97.5 cells/μL (p < 0.0001). This relevant hematologic change was associated with quick and significant increases in asthma control test (ACT) score (from 15.31 ± 2.78 to 21.15 ± 3.58; p < 0.0001), pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (from 1441 ± 757.9 mL to 1887 ± 837.3 mL; p < 0.001), and morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) (from 4.21 ± 2.20 to 5.33 ± 1.99 L/sec; p < 0.01). Furthermore, the marked improvement in global health status experienced by our patients allowed them to progressively lower and then completely interrupt, within 4 weeks, their daily intake of oral corticosteroids (OCS), which thereby fell from 15.58 ± 8.30 to 0 mg (p < 0.0001) of prednisone. Therefore, such preliminary results suggest that in patients with severe allergic eosinophilic asthma benralizumab can exert, within a real-life context, a very rapid and effective therapeutic action, already detectable 4 weeks after the first drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Busceti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Francesco Rago
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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11
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Zenarruzabeitia O, Vitallé J, Terrén I, Orrantia A, Astigarraga I, Dopazo L, Gonzalez C, Santos-Díez L, Tutau C, Gamboa PM, Bilbao A, Borrego F. CD300c costimulates IgE-mediated basophil activation, and its expression is increased in patients with cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:700-711.e5. [PMID: 29906528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basophils express high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI), which play an essential role in allergic diseases. It is important to characterize new cell-surface receptors that modulate IgE-mediated basophil activation threshold to design promising immunomodulatory therapies. OBJECTIVES We sought to analyze the expression of CD300 receptors on human basophils and their implication in IgE-mediated basophil activation processes. METHODS Blood samples from healthy subjects and patients with cow's milk allergy were collected through the Basque Biobank under an institutional review board-approved protocol. PBMCs were obtained by means of density centrifugation, basophils were purified with a specific isolation kit, and phenotypic and functional studies were performed by using flow cytometry. RESULTS We demonstrate that basophils express the activating receptor CD300c, which is specifically upregulated in response to IL-3. CD300c works as a costimulatory molecule during IgE-mediated basophil activation, as shown by a significant increase in degranulation and cytokine production when basophils are activated in the presence of CD300c cross-linking compared with activation through the IgE/FcεRI axis alone. Coligation of FcεRI and CD300c increased intracellular calcium mobilization and phosphorylation of signaling intermediates evoked only by FcεRI ligation. We show that the natural ligands of CD300c, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, modulate IgE-mediated basophil activation. Furthermore, we have observed that CD300c expression in children with cow's milk allergy is increased compared with that in healthy control subjects and that the intensity of expression correlates with the severity of the hypersensitivity symptoms. CONCLUSION CD300c could be considered a biomarker and therapeutic target in patients with IgE-mediated allergic diseases because it seems to be involved in the modulation of IgE-mediated basophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - Joana Vitallé
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Iñigo Terrén
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ane Orrantia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Itziar Astigarraga
- Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Pediatrics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Leire Dopazo
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Pediatrics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain; Pediatrics Service, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Santos-Díez
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Pediatrics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Carlos Tutau
- Pediatrics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Pedro M Gamboa
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Allergology Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Agurtzane Bilbao
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Pediatrics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Basque Center for Transfusion and Human Tissues, Galdakao, Spain.
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12
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Sikora J, Smycz-Kubańska M, Mielczarek-Palacz A, Kondera-Anasz Z. Abnormal peritoneal regulation of chemokine activation-The role of IL-8 in pathogenesis of endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sikora
- Department of Immunology and Serology; Sosnowiec School of Pharmacy with the Division of Medical Analytics in Sosnowiec; Medical University of Silesia in Katowice; Sosnowiec Poland
| | - Marta Smycz-Kubańska
- Department of Immunology and Serology; Sosnowiec School of Pharmacy with the Division of Medical Analytics in Sosnowiec; Medical University of Silesia in Katowice; Sosnowiec Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology; Sosnowiec School of Pharmacy with the Division of Medical Analytics in Sosnowiec; Medical University of Silesia in Katowice; Sosnowiec Poland
| | - Zdzisława Kondera-Anasz
- Department of Immunology and Serology; Sosnowiec School of Pharmacy with the Division of Medical Analytics in Sosnowiec; Medical University of Silesia in Katowice; Sosnowiec Poland
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13
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De Monte L, Wörmann S, Brunetto E, Heltai S, Magliacane G, Reni M, Paganoni AM, Recalde H, Mondino A, Falconi M, Aleotti F, Balzano G, Algül H, Doglioni C, Protti MP. Basophil Recruitment into Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes Correlates with Th2 Inflammation and Reduced Survival in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1792-803. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1801-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Janda J, Lehmann M, Luttmann W, Marti E. Cloning and expression of recombinant equine interleukin-3 and its effect on sulfidoleukotriene and cytokine production by equine peripheral blood leukocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 163:202-9. [PMID: 25530476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-3 is a growth and differentiation factor for various hematopoietic cells. IL-3 also enhances stimulus-dependent release of mediators and cytokine production by mature basophils. Function of IL-3 has not been studied in horses because of lack of horse-specific reagents. Our aim was to produce recombinant equine IL-3 and test its effect on sulfidoleukotriene and cytokine production by equine peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Equine IL-3 was cloned, expressed in E. coli and purified. PBL of 19 healthy and 20 insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH)-affected horses were stimulated with Culicoides nubeculosus extract with or without IL-3. Sulfidoleukotriene (sLT) production was measured in supernatants by ELISA and mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-13 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) assessed in cell lysate by quantitative real-time PCR. Recombinant equine IL-3 (req-IL-3) had a dose dependent effect on sLT production by stimulated equine PBL and significantly increased IL-4, IL-13 and TSLP expression compared to non-primed cells. IL-3 priming significantly increased Culicoides-induced sLT production in IBH-affected but not in non-affected horses and was particularly effective in young IBH-affected horses (≤ 3 years). A functionally active recombinant equine IL-3 has been produced which will be useful for future immunological studies in horses. It will also allow improving the sensitivity of cellular in vitro tests for allergy diagnosis in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Janda
- Department of Clinical Research-VPH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland; Center Pigmod, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Research-VPH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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15
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Morshed M, Hlushchuk R, Simon D, Walls AF, Obata-Ninomiya K, Karasuyama H, Djonov V, Eggel A, Kaufmann T, Simon HU, Yousefi S. NADPH oxidase-independent formation of extracellular DNA traps by basophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5314-23. [PMID: 24771850 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Basophils are primarily associated with a proinflammatory and immunoregulatory role in allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Recent studies have shown that basophils can also bind various bacteria both in the presence and the absence of opsonizing Abs. In this report, we show that both human and mouse basophils are able to produce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and to form extracellular DNA traps upon IL-3 priming and subsequent activation of the complement factor 5 a receptor or FcεRI. Such basophil extracellular traps (BETs) contain mitochondrial, but not nuclear DNA, as well as the granule proteins basogranulin and mouse mast cell protease 8. BET formation occurs despite the absence of any functional NADPH oxidase in basophils. BETs can be found in both human and mouse inflamed tissues, suggesting that they also play a role under in vivo inflammatory conditions. Taken together, these findings suggest that basophils exert direct innate immune effector functions in the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubul Morshed
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruslan Hlushchuk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew F Walls
- Immunopharmacology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Kazushige Obata-Ninomiya
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo 113-8518, Japan
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo 113-8518, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 113-8518, Japan; and
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Eggel
- Institute of Immunology, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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16
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Geering B, Stoeckle C, Conus S, Simon HU. Living and dying for inflammation: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:398-409. [PMID: 23665135 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils play essential roles during microbe-induced and sterile inflammation. The severity of such inflammatory processes is controlled, at least in part, by factors that regulate cell death and survival of granulocytes. In recent years, major progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of granulocyte cell death and in identifying novel damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns as well as regulatory cytokines impacting granulocyte viability. Furthermore, an increased interest in innate immunity has boosted our overall understanding of granulocyte biology. In this review, we describe and compare factors and mechanisms regulating neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil lifespan. Because dysregulation of death pathways in granulocytes can contribute to inflammation-associated immunopathology, targeting granulocyte lifespan could be therapeutically promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Geering
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Friedbuehlstrasse 49, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Gurzeler U, Rabachini T, Dahinden CA, Salmanidis M, Brumatti G, Ekert PG, Echeverry N, Bachmann D, Simon HU, Kaufmann T. In vitro differentiation of near-unlimited numbers of functional mouse basophils using conditional Hoxb8. Allergy 2013; 68:604-13. [PMID: 23590216 DOI: 10.1111/all.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basophils constitute a rare leukocyte population known for their effector functions in inflammation and allergy, as well as more recently described immunoregulatory roles. Besides their low frequency, functional analysis of basophils is hindered by a short life span, inefficient ex vivo differentiation protocols, and lack of suitable cell models. A method to produce large quantities of basophils in vitro would facilitate basophil research and constitute a sought-after tool for diagnostic and drug testing purposes. METHODS A method is described to massively expand bone marrow-derived basophils in vitro. Myeloid progenitors are conditionally immortalized using Hoxb8 in the presence of interleukin-3 (IL-3) and outgrowing cell lines selected for their potential to differentiate into basophils upon shutdown of Hoxb8 expression. RESULTS IL-3-dependent, conditional Hoxb8-immortalized progenitor cell lines can be expanded and maintained in culture for prolonged periods. Upon shutdown of Hoxb8 expression, near-unlimited numbers of mature functional basophils can be differentiated in vitro within six days. The cells are end-differentiated and short-lived and express basophil-specific surface markers and proteases. Upon IgE- as well as C5a-mediated activation, differentiated basophils release granule enzymes and histamine and secrete Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) and leukotriene C4. IL-3-deprivation induces apoptosis correlating with upregulation of the BH3-only proteins BCL-2-interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and downregulation of proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 kinase (PIM-1). CONCLUSION A novel method is presented to generate quantitative amounts of mouse basophils in vitro, which moreover allows genetic manipulation of conditionally immortalized progenitors. This approach may represent a useful alternative method to isolating primary basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Gurzeler
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
| | - T. Rabachini
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
| | - C. A. Dahinden
- Institute of Immunology; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
| | - M. Salmanidis
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Melbourne; Australia
| | - G. Brumatti
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Melbourne; Australia
| | - P. G. Ekert
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Melbourne; Australia
| | - N. Echeverry
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
| | - D. Bachmann
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
| | - H. U. Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
| | - T. Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
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18
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Eckl-Dorna J, Ellinger A, Blatt K, Ghanim V, Steiner I, Pavelka M, Valent P, Valenta R, Niederberger V. Basophils are not the key antigen-presenting cells in allergic patients. Allergy 2012; 67:601-8. [PMID: 22335568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data obtained in mouse models have initiated a controversy whether basophils are the key antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in allergy. Here, we investigate whether basophils are of importance for the presentation of allergen and the induction of T cell proliferation in allergic patients. METHODS T cells, basophils, and APCs depleted of basophils were purified from allergic patients. Co-culture systems based on purified major allergens were established to study allergen-specific T cell responses using proliferation assays. RESULTS Only co-cultures of T cells with APCs depleted of basophils but not with basophils proliferated in response to allergen. Even addition of IL-3 to T cell-basophil co-cultures failed to induce allergen-specific T cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate by classical in vitro proliferation assays that basophils are not key antigen-presenting cells that promote T cell proliferation in secondary immune responses to allergen in allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna, AKH; Vienna; Austria
| | - A. Ellinger
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research; Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - K. Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna, AKH; Vienna; Austria
| | - V. Ghanim
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna, AKH; Vienna; Austria
| | - I. Steiner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - M. Pavelka
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research; Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna, AKH; Vienna; Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna, AKH; Vienna; Austria
| | - V. Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna, AKH; Vienna; Austria
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Verweij MM, Sabato V, Nullens S, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Stevens WJ, Ebo DG. STAT5 in human basophils: IL-3 is required for its FcεRI-mediated phosphorylation. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2011; 82:101-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Bosnjak B, Stelzmueller B, Erb KJ, Epstein MM. Treatment of allergic asthma: modulation of Th2 cells and their responses. Respir Res 2011; 12:114. [PMID: 21867534 PMCID: PMC3179723 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease characterised by recurrent episodes of wheezy, laboured breathing with an underlying Th2 cell-mediated inflammatory response in the airways. It is currently treated and, more or less, controlled depending on severity, with bronchodilators e.g. long-acting beta agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists or anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids (inhaled or oral), leukotriene modifiers, theophyline and anti-IgE therapy. Unfortunately, none of these treatments are curative and some asthmatic patients do not respond to intense anti-inflammatory therapies. Additionally, the use of long-term oral steroids has many undesired side effects. For this reason, novel and more effective drugs are needed. In this review, we focus on the CD4+ Th2 cells and their products as targets for the development of new drugs to add to the current armamentarium as adjuncts or as potential stand-alone treatments for allergic asthma. We argue that in early disease, the reduction or elimination of allergen-specific Th2 cells will reduce the consequences of repeated allergic inflammatory responses such as lung remodelling without causing generalised immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berislav Bosnjak
- Department of Dermatology, DIAID, Experimental Allergy Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:83-98. [PMID: 21178692 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283432fa7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Song Y, Qu C, Srivastava K, Yang N, Busse P, Zhao W, Li XM. Food allergy herbal formula 2 protection against peanut anaphylactic reaction is via inhibition of mast cells and basophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:1208-17.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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