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Albitar O, D'Souza CM, Adeghate EA. Effects of Lipoproteins on Metabolic Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:2156. [PMID: 38999903 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids are primarily transported in the bloodstream by lipoproteins, which are macromolecules of lipids and conjugated proteins also known as apolipoproteins. The processes of lipoprotein assembly, secretion, transportation, modification, and clearance are crucial components of maintaining a healthy lipid metabolism. Disruption in any of these steps results in pathophysiological abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease, and cardiovascular diseases. By studying these genetic mutations, researchers can gain valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms that govern the relationship between protein structure and its physiological role. These lipoproteins, including HDL, LDL, lipoprotein(a), and VLDL, mainly serve the purpose of transporting lipids between tissues and organs. However, studies have provided evidence that apo(a) also possesses protective properties against pathogens. In the future, the field of study will be significantly influenced by the integration of recombinant DNA technology and human site-specific mutagenesis for treating hereditary disorders. Several medications are available for the treatment of dyslipoproteinemia. These include statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, niacin, PCSK9 inhibitors, evinacumab, DPP 4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists GLP1RAs, GLP-1, and GIP dual receptor agonists, in addition to SGLT2 inhibitors. This current review article exhibits, for the first time, a comprehensive reflection of the available body of publications concerning the impact of lipoproteins on metabolic well-being across various pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaida Albitar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Crystal M D'Souza
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest A Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Scicchitano P, Amati F, Ciccone MM, D’Ascenzi F, Imbalzano E, Liga R, Paolillo S, Pastore MC, Rinaldi A, Mattioli AV, Cameli M. Hypertriglyceridemia: Molecular and Genetic Landscapes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6364. [PMID: 38928071 PMCID: PMC11203941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid disorders represent one of the most worrisome cardiovascular risk factors. The focus on the impact of lipids on cardiac and vascular health usually concerns low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while the role of triglycerides (TGs) is given poor attention. The literature provides data on the impact of higher plasma concentrations in TGs on the cardiovascular system and, therefore, on the outcomes and comorbidities of patients. The risk for coronary heart diseases varies from 57 to 76% in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Specifically, the higher the plasma concentrations in TGs, the higher the incidence and prevalence of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Nevertheless, the metabolism of TGs and the exact physiopathologic mechanisms which try to explain the relationship between TGs and cardiovascular outcomes are not completely understood. The aims of this narrative review were as follows: to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the metabolism of triglycerides and a possible suggestion for understanding the targets for counteracting hypertriglyceridemia; to describe the inner physiopathological background for the relationship between vascular and cardiac damages derived from higher plasma concentrations in TGs; and to outline the need for promoting further insights in therapies for reducing TGs plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Scicchitano
- Cardiology Department, Hospital “F Perinei” ASL BA, 70022 Altamura, Italy
| | - Francesca Amati
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Flavio D’Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Liga
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Concetta Pastore
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, IRCCS, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Department of Science of Quality of Life, University of Bologna “Alma Mater Studiorum”, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.P.); (M.C.)
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3
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Shapiro ALB, Tjaden AH, Edelstein SL, Kahn SE, Srikanthan P, Knowler WC, Venditti EM, Golden SH, Carmichael O, Luchsinger JA. The association of insulin responses and insulin sensitivity with cognition in adults with pre-diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108764. [PMID: 38701667 PMCID: PMC11156481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysglycemia is a significant risk factor for cognitive impairment. However, which pathophysiologic determinant(s) of dysglycemia, impaired insulin sensitivity (ISens) or the islet β-cell's response (IResp), contribute to poorer cognitive function, independent of dysglycemia is not established. Among 1052 adults with pre-diabetes from the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS), we investigated the relationship between IResp, ISens and cognitive function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS IResp was estimated by the insulinogenic index (IGI; pmol/mmol) and ISens as 1/fasting insulin from repeated annual oral glucose tolerance tests. The mean IResp and mean ISens were calculated over approximately 12 years of follow-up. Verbal learning (Spanish-English Verbal Learning Test [SEVLT]) and executive function (Digital Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]) were assessed at the end of the follow-up period. Linear regression models were run for each cognitive outcome and were adjusted for dysglycemia and other factors. RESULTS Higher IResp was associated with poorer performance on the DSST (-0.69 points per 100 unit increase in IGI, 95 % CI: -1.37, -0.01). ISens was not associated with DSST, nor were IResp or ISens associated with performance on the SEVLT. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a greater β-cell response in people at high risk for type 2 diabetes is associated with poorer executive function, independent of dysglycemia and ISens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L B Shapiro
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado at Anschutz (CU-Anschutz), USA; Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, CU-Anschutz, USA.
| | - Ashley H Tjaden
- Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sharon L Edelstein
- Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Preethi Srikanthan
- Division of Endocrinology, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- Consultant: Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Sherita H Golden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - José A Luchsinger
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Puertas-Umbert L, Puig N, Camacho M, Dantas AP, Marín R, Martí-Fàbregas J, Jiménez-Xarrié E, Benitez S, Camps-Renom P, Jiménez-Altayó F. Serum from Stroke Patients with High-Grade Carotid Stenosis Promotes Cyclooxygenase-Dependent Endothelial Dysfunction in Non-ischemic Mice Carotid Arteries. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:140-152. [PMID: 36536168 PMCID: PMC10796474 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is responsible for 20% of ischemic strokes, and severe carotid stenosis is associated with a higher incidence of first-ever and recurrent strokes. The release of pro-inflammatory mediators into the blood in severe atherosclerosis may aggravate endothelial dysfunction after stroke contributing to impair disease outcomes. We hypothesize that environments of severe carotid atherosclerotic disease worsen endothelial dysfunction in stroke linked to enhanced risk of further cerebrovascular events. We mounted nonischemic common carotid arteries from 2- to 4-month-old male Oncins France 1 mice in tissue baths for isometric contraction force measurements and exposed them to serum from men with a recent ischemic stroke and different degrees of carotid stenosis: low- or moderate-grade stenosis (LMGS; < 70%) and high-grade stenosis (HGS; ≥ 70%). The results show that serum from stroke patients induced an impairment of acetylcholine relaxations in mice carotid arteries indicative of endothelium dysfunction. This effect was more pronounced after incubation with serum from patients with a recurrent stroke or vascular death within 1 year of follow-up. When patients were stratified according to the degree of stenosis, serum from HGS patients induced more pronounced carotid artery endothelial dysfunction, an effect that was associated with enhanced circulating levels of IL-1β. Mechanistically, endothelial dysfunction was prevented by both nonselective and selective COX blockade. Altogether, the present findings add knowledge on the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the increased risk of stroke in atherosclerosis and suggest that targeting COX in the carotid artery wall may represent a potential novel therapeutic strategy for secondary stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Puertas-Umbert
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Puig
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Dantas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Marín
- Department of Neurology, IIB SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Martí-Fàbregas
- Department of Neurology, IIB SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Xarrié
- Department of Neurology, IIB SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pol Camps-Renom
- Department of Neurology, IIB SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Reijnders E, van der Laarse A, Jukema JW, Cobbaert CM. High residual cardiovascular risk after lipid-lowering: prime time for Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory, and Psycho-cognitive medicine. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1264319. [PMID: 37908502 PMCID: PMC10613690 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1264319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As time has come to translate trial results into individualized medical diagnosis and therapy, we analyzed how to minimize residual risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by reviewing papers on "residual cardiovascular disease risk". During this review process we found 989 papers that started off with residual CVD risk after initiating statin therapy, continued with papers on residual CVD risk after initiating therapy to increase high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), followed by papers on residual CVD risk after initiating therapy to decrease triglyceride (TG) levels. Later on, papers dealing with elevated levels of lipoprotein remnants and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] reported new risk factors of residual CVD risk. And as new risk factors are being discovered and new therapies are being tested, residual CVD risk will be reduced further. As we move from CVD risk reduction to improvement of patient management, a paradigm shift from a reductionistic approach towards a holistic approach is required. To that purpose, a personalized treatment dependent on the individual's CVD risk factors including lipid profile abnormalities should be configured, along the line of P5 medicine for each individual patient, i.e., with Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory, and Psycho-cognitive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Reijnders
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A. van der Laarse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J. W. Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C. M. Cobbaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Uzunget SB, Sahin KE. Atherogenic index of plasma is an independent predictor of mitral annular calcification. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:511. [PMID: 36451082 PMCID: PMC9710030 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the latest reports, atherogenic indices have been related to acute coronary syndromes, stable coronary artery disease, heart failure and future cardiac events. Conventional atherosclerosis risk factors have been associated with mitral annular calcification (MAC), but data on the relationship between atherogenic indices and MAC are lacking. We aimed to investigate a possible relationship between MAC and atherogenic indices. METHODS In total 741 patients (n = 427 with MAC and n = 314 without MAC) who were examined in our cardiology clinic from February 2016 to October 2021 were recruited in the study. Mitral annular calcification was diagnosed by transthoracic 2-dimensional echocardiography. The atherogenic coefficient (AC), Castelli risk index 1 (CRI-1), Castelli risk index 2 (CRI-2) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated by utilizing standard lipid test values. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in sex, age, diabetes and hypertension status between the patient and the control groups. Serum triglyceride level, AIP, Hs-CRP, smoking and BMI were independently significantly associated with MAC in multiple regression analysis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Higher AIP was related to the existence of MAC and also predict the presence of MAC independently. Studies evaluating the modification of these indices are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kader Eliz Sahin
- grid.411126.10000 0004 0369 5557Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Association of MARC1, ADCY5, and BCO1 Variants with the Lipid Profile, Suggests an Additive Effect for Hypertriglyceridemia in Mexican Adult Men. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911815. [PMID: 36233117 PMCID: PMC9569691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported that the Mexican population is highly susceptible to dyslipidemia. The MARC1, ADCY5, and BCO1 genes have recently been involved in lipidic abnormalities. This study aimed to analyze the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2642438, rs56371916, and rs6564851 on MARC1, ADCY5, and BCO1 genes, respectively, with the lipid profile in a cohort of Mexican adults. We included 1900 Mexican adults from the Health Workers Cohort Study. Demographic and clinical data were collected through a structured questionnaire and standardized procedures. Genotyping was performed using a predesigned TaqMan assay. A genetic risk score (GRS) was created on the basis of the three genetic variants. Associations analysis was estimated using linear and logistic regression. Our results showed that rs2642438-A and rs6564851-A alleles had a risk association for hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.57, p = 0.013; and OR = 1.33, p = 0.031, respectively), and rs56371916-C allele a trend for low HDL-c (OR = 1.27, p = 0.060) only in men. The GRS revealed a significant association for hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 2.23, p = 0.022). These findings provide evidence of an aggregate effect of the MARC1, ADCY5, and BCO1 variants on the risk of hypertriglyceridemia in Mexican men. This knowledge could represent a tool for identifying at-risk males who might benefit from early interventions and avoid secondary metabolic traits.
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8
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Kohli D, Wu KY, White LJ, Hodge DO, Chen JJ, Roddy GW. Metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022; 7:e001111. [PMID: 36437528 PMCID: PMC9535188 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for various forms of optic neuropathy including non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). METHODS This population-based analysis identified patients ≥40 years of age in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA using the Rochester Epidemiology Project 2005-2018. Patients with MetS were identified if three or more of the five standard criteria for diagnosing MetS were present: systemic hypertension, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hypoalphalipoproteinaemia) and central adiposity defined by increased body mass index. Charts of patients identified as having an optic neuropathy were reviewed to record specific diagnoses and compared with patients without ocular pathology other than cataract. The odds ratio (OR) of association with MetS was calculated and adjusted for age, sex and race with multivariate analysis for the various optic neuropathies. RESULTS Patients with MetS were more likely to have an optic neuropathy than those without (OR 2.2, p<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex and race, the only optic neuropathy found to be significantly associated with MetS was NAION (OR 6.17, p=0.002). For patients with NAION, though each individual component of MetS was individually significantly associated with MetS, further analysis suggested that hypertriglyceridaemia, hypoalphalipoproteinaemia and hyperglycaemia were likely the key drivers in the overall significance between NAION and MetS. CONCLUSION Patients with MetS were more likely to have NAION. Further studies are needed to determine whether MetS is a modifiable risk factor for NAION.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Launia J White
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - David O Hodge
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John J Chen
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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9
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Kajikawa M, Higashi Y. Obesity and Endothelial Function. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071745. [PMID: 35885049 PMCID: PMC9313026 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem and is related to increasing rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Over 1.9 billion adults are overweight or obese worldwide and the prevalence of obesity is increasing. Obesity influences endothelial function through obesity-related complications such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The excess fat accumulation in obesity causes adipocyte dysfunction and induces oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and inflammation leading to endothelial dysfunction. Several anthropometric indices and imaging modalities that are used to evaluate obesity have demonstrated an association between obesity and endothelial function. In the past few decades, there has been great focus on the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction caused by obesity for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events. This review focuses on pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and therapeutic targets of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan;
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan;
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Division of Radiation Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-82-257-5831
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10
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Girkantaite Z, Laucyte-Cibulskiene A, Ryliskyte L, Juceviciene A, Badariene J. Laser Doppler flowmetry evaluation of skin microvascular endothelial function in patients with metabolic syndrome. Microvasc Res 2022; 142:104373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Amunugama K, Pike DP, Ford DA. E. coli strain-dependent lipid alterations in cocultures with endothelial cells and neutrophils modeling sepsis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:980460. [PMID: 36203941 PMCID: PMC9530349 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.980460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism is common in infection and inflammation and is a part of the complex milieu underlying the pathophysiological sequelae of disease. Sepsis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world and is characterized by an exaggerated host response to an infection. Metabolic changes, including alterations in lipid metabolism, likely are important in sepsis pathophysiology. Here, we designed an in vitro cell culture model using endothelial cells, E. coli, and neutrophils to mimic sepsis in a simplified cell model. Lipid alterations were studied in the presence of the pathogenic E. coli strain CFT073 and non-pathogenic E. coli strain JM109. We employed untargeted lipidomics to first identify lipid changes and then targeted lipidomics to confirm changes. Both unique and shared lipid signatures were identified in cocultures with these E. coli strains. In the absence of neutrophils, the CFT073 strain elicited alterations in lysophosphatidylcholine and diglyceride molecular species during coculture while both strains led to increases in phosphatidylglycerols. Lipid alterations in these cocultures changed with the addition of neutrophils. In the presence of neutrophils with E. coli and endothelial cells, triglyceride increases were a unique response to the CFT073 strain while phosphatidylglycerol and diglyceride increases occurred in response to both strains. Phosphatidylethanolamine also increased in neutrophils, E. coli and endothelial cells cocultures, and this response was greater in the presence of the CFT073 strain. We further evaluated changes in phosphatidylethanolamine in a rat model of sepsis, which showed multiple plasma phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species were elevated shortly after the induction of sepsis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate unique lipid responses by co-cultures of E. coli with endothelial cells which are dependent on the E. coli strain as well as the presence of neutrophils. Furthermore, increases in phosphatidylethanolamine levels in CFT073 urosepsis E. coli, endothelial cell, neutrophil cocultures were similarly observed in the plasma of septic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushalya Amunugama
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel P Pike
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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12
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Afsin A, Kaya H, Suner A, Uzel KE, Bursa N, Hosoglu Y, Yavuz F, Asoglu R. Plasma atherogenic indices are independent predictors of slow coronary flow. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:608. [PMID: 34930134 PMCID: PMC8686646 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the pathophysiology of coronary slow flow (CSF) has not been fully elucidated, emerging data increasingly support potential role for subclinical diffuse atherosclerosis in the etiology of CSF. We aimed to investigate relationship between atherogenic indices and CSF. Methods 130 patients with CSF diagnosed according to Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI)-frame count (TFC) method and 130 controls who had normal coronary flow (NCF) were included in this retrospective study. Atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma [AIP], Castelli risk indices I and II [CRI-I and II]) were calculated using conventional lipid parameters. Results The logistic regression analyses demonstrated that AIP (OR, 5.463; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.357–21.991; p = 0.017) and CRI-II (OR, 1.624; 95% CI, 1.138–2.319; p = 0.008) were independent predictors of CSF. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value to predict the occurrence of CSF was 0.66 for AIP (sensitivity, 59%; specificity, 73%; area under curve [AUC], 0.695; p < 0.001) and 3.27 for CRI-II (sensitivity, 60%; specificity, 79%; AUC, 0.726; p < 0.001). Conclusions AIP and CRI-II levels were independent predictors of CSF. Prospective studies in larger cohorts of patients may elucidate the role of atherogenic dyslipidemia in the pathophysiology of CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmecit Afsin
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
| | - Arif Suner
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Kader Eliz Uzel
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Nurbanu Bursa
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Hosoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Fethi Yavuz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Asoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Lin WC, Lee MC, Hsu BG. Positive Association of Serum Adiponectin Level With the Vascular Reactivity Index in Kidney Transplant Patients. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2021; 19:1271-1276. [PMID: 34775936 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2021.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adiponectin has an important role in obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. We investigated the association between serum adiponectin levels and endothelial function in kidney transplant patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fasting blood samples were obtained from 70 kidney transplant patients. The vascular reactivity index was measured with a digital thermal monitoring test. Serum adiponectin levels were measured with a commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit. A vascular reactivity index <1.0 was defined as poor, 1.0 or greater but less than 2.0 was intermediate, and 2.0 or greater was good. RESULTS The results showed that 10 kidney transplant patients (13.3%) were categorized with a vascular reactivity index of poor, 25 (35.7%) were intermediate, and 35 (50%) were good. Increased waist circumference (P = .037), increased serum alkaline phosphatase (P = .026), and lower serum adiponectin (P = .001) were associated with poor vascular reactivity index. Advanced age (r = -0.300; P = .012), waist circumference (r = -0.372; P = .002), serum alkaline phosphatase (r = -0.323; P = .006), and logarithmically transformed serum triglycerides (r = -0.317; P = .007) were negatively correlated with the vascular reactivity index, whereas serum adiponectin (r = 0.332; P = .005) was positively correlated with the vascular reactivity index. Multi variable forward stepwise linear regression analysis showed that waist circumference, serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum adiponectin were significantly and independently associated with the vascular reactivity index. CONCLUSIONS Fasting serum adiponectin levels were positively associated with the vascular reactivity index and negatively associated with endothelial function in kidney transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Lin
- From the Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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14
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Visaria A, Lo D. Association between body mass index and hypertension subtypes in Indian and United States adults. Indian Heart J 2020; 72:459-461. [PMID: 33189214 PMCID: PMC7670273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional, secondary analysis was to determine the association between BMI & lipids and hypertension subtype in U.S. and Indian adults. Obese BMI was significantly associated with isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) compared to low/normal BMI (relative risk ratio [95% CI]; U.S.: 4.33 [2.88,6.52]; India: 2.51 [2.41,2.60]). Furthermore, BMI was more strongly associated with IDH than other hypertension subtypes in U.S. and non-obese Indian adults. In obese Indian adults, we observed higher odds of isolated systolic hypertension until the 6th decade, and systo-diastolic hypertension thereafter. Triglyceride levels were associated with IDH in U.S. adults (1.94 [1.43,2.63]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Visaria
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; North American Disease Intervention, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - David Lo
- North American Disease Intervention, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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A Genetic Polymorphism in the Pannexin1 Gene Predisposes for The Development of Endothelial Dysfunction with Increasing BMI. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020208. [PMID: 32023876 PMCID: PMC7072696 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction worsens when body mass index (BMI) increases. Pannexin1 (Panx1) ATP release channels regulate endothelial function and lipid homeostasis in mice. We investigated whether the Panx1-400A>C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), encoding for a gain-of-function channel, associates with endothelial dysfunction in non-obese and obese individuals. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured by 13N-ammonia positron emission/computed tomography at rest, during cold pressor test (CPT) or dipyridamole-induced hyperemia. Myocardial flow reserve (MFR) and endothelial function were compared in 43 non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) vs. 29 obese (BMI 30 kg/m2) participants and genotyping for the Panx1-400A>C SNP was performed. Groups comprised subjects homozygous for the C allele (n = 40) vs. subjects with at least one A allele (n = 32). MBF (during CPT or hyperemia), MFR and endothelial function correlated negatively with BMI in the full cohort. BMI correlated negatively with MFR and endothelial function in non-obese Panx1-400C subjects, but not in Panx1-400A individuals nor in obese groups. BMI correlated positively with serum triglycerides, insulin or HOMA. MFR correlated negatively with these factors in non-obese Panx1-400C but not in Panx1-400A individuals. Here, we demonstrated that Panx1-400C SNP predisposes to BMI-dependent endothelial dysfunction in non-obese subjects. This effect may be masked by excessive dysregulation of metabolic factors in obese individuals.
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