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Lu C, Jiang Y, Lan M, Wang L, Zhang W, Wang F. Children's food allergy: Effects of environmental influences and antibiotic use across critical developmental windows. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134506. [PMID: 38714059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing studies linked outdoor air pollution (OAP), indoor environmental factors (IEFs), and antibiotics use (AU) with the first wave of allergies (i.e., asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema), yet the role of their exposures on children's second wave of allergy (i.e., food allergy) are unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between exposure to OAP and IEFs and childhood doctor-diagnosed food allergy (DFA) during the pre-pregnancy, prenatal, early postnatal, and current periods, and to further explore the effect of OAP and IEFs on DFA in children co-exposed to antibiotics. METHODS A retrospective cohort study involving 8689 preschoolers was carried out in Changsha, China. Data on the health outcomes, antibiotic use, and home environment of each child were collected through a questionnaire. Temperature and air pollutants data were obtained from 8 and 10 monitoring stations in Changsha, respectively. Exposure levels to temperature and air pollutants at individual home addresses were calculated by the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to assess the associations of childhood DFA with exposure to OAP, IEF, and AU. RESULTS Childhood ever doctor-diagnosed food allergy (DFA) was linked to postnatal PM10 exposure with OR (95% CI) of 1.18 (1.03-1.36), especially for CO and O3 exposure during the first year with ORs (95% CI) = 1.08 (1.00-1.16) and 1.07 (1.00-1.14), as well as SO2 exposure during the previous year with OR (95% CI) of 1.13 (1.02-1.25). The role of postnatal air pollution is more important for the risk of egg, milk and other food allergies. Renovation-related IAP (new furniture) and dampness-related indoor allergens exposures throughout all time windows significantly increased the risk of childhood DFA, with ORs ranging from 1.23 (1.03-1.46) to 1.54 (1.29-1.83). Furthermore, smoke-related IAP (environmental tobacco smoke [ETS], parental and grandparental smoking) exposure during pregnancy, first year, and previous year was related to DFA. Additionally, exposure to pet-related indoor allergens (cats) during first year and total plant-related allergens (particularly nonflowering plants) during previous year were associated with DFA. Moreover, exposure to plant-related allergy during first and previous year was specifically associated with milk allergy, while keeping cats during first year increased the risk of fruits/vegetables allergy. Life-time and early-life AU was associated with the increased risk of childhood DFA with ORs (95% CI) = 1.57 (1.32-1.87) and 1.46 (1.27-1.67), including different types food allergies except fruit/vegetable allergy. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal OAP, life-time and early-life IEFs and AU exposure played a vital role in the development of DFA, supporting the "fetal origin of childhood FA" hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Healthy Building, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengju Lan
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Wang
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanzhen Zhang
- Department of GICU, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Weiwu Road No. 1, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Li Y, Xie T, Snieder H, Hartman CA. Associations between autistic and comorbid somatic problems of gastrointestinal disorders, food allergy, pain, and fatigue in adults. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613241254619. [PMID: 38813776 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241254619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT What is already known about the topic?Autistic children frequently often have accompanying physical health problems. However, this has been much less studied in autistic men and women during adulthood.What does this article add?This is one of the first studies to investigate the associations between autistic and somatic problems in adults from the general population. Using a continuous measure of autistic symptom scores and a categorical definition of autism (referred to below as probable autism) which considered symptom severity, childhood age of onset, and functional impairment, we found that autistic problems and irritable bowel syndrome, food allergy, pain, and fatigue were associated in adults. Sex differences were present for pain and fatigue, for which the associations with autistic symptom scores were somewhat stronger in females than males. Regarding age differences, the associations with fatigue and having food allergy were more pronounced in younger adults. Conversely, older individuals had a higher risk of developing irritable bowel syndrome or experiencing pain if they met the criteria for probable autism.Implications for practice, research, or policyThere is a need for providing routine programs of screening, assessment, and treatment of autism-related somatic problems and developing evidence-based interventions for autistic individuals. These could be tailored to the needs of specific autistic populations. For example, autistic females could be given extra attention about the potential presence of pain and fatigue, younger adults about the potential presence of food allergy and fatigue, and older adults concerning the potential presence of irritable bowel syndrome and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tian Xie
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Lijing X, Mengyao Z, Jing L, Yang L, Xiaoli X. Analysis of the characteristics of intestinal microbiota after oral tolerance in infants with food protein-induced proctocolitis. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1338294. [PMID: 38737636 PMCID: PMC11082304 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1338294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To understand the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota after oral tolerance in infants with food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIAP) treated with amino acid formula and their differences from healthy children, aiming to provide a scientific basis for guiding the application of probiotics during treatment. Methods FPIAP infants were prospectively enrolled, fecal specimens were obtained, and DNA was extracted for PCR amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene V4 region. Library construction and sequencing were performed, and bioinformatic analysis was performed after obtaining valid data. Results There were 36 patients in the FPIAP group: 20 males and 16 females, age 21.944 ± 13.277 months. Diarrhea with blood in the stool were the main symptom, with an average course of 14.83 ± 9.33 days. Thirty infants (83.33%) had mucus stool, 11.11% (4/36) of them experiencing vomiting, and 55.56% (20/36) of the infants displaying poor intake and weight gain, 28 (77.78%) patients with moderate eczema, 2 (5.6%) patients with chronic respiratory symptoms. The treatment time with amino acid formula was 5.51 ± 2.88 months. A control group comprising of 25 healthy infants who were full-term, natural delivery, bottle fed, and matched in terms of age (24.840 ± 12.680 months) and gender (15 males and 10 females) was selected. Anaerobic bacteria were less abundant in FPIAP infants than healthy infants (P = 4.811 × 10-5), but potentially pathogenic bacteria were more abundant (P = 0.000). The abundance of Actinobacteria was low in FPIAP infants, the abundance of Proteobacteria was high, and the abundance of Firmicutes was reduced. Bifidobacterium could be used as a bacterial genus to differentiate healthy and FPIAP infants. Both α-and β-diversity indicators of intestinal microbiota were lower in FPIAP infants. In FPIAP infants, glucose and energy metabolism and amino acid anabolism were decreased, and inflammation-related lipopolysaccharide synthesis pathways were increased. Conclusion Compared with healthy infants, FPIAP infants with oral tolerance after amino acid formula treatment had differences in the structure and diversity of intestinal microbiota, among which Bifidobacterium was significantly reduced. Trial Registration This trial was registered on https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xie Xiaoli
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Sileo FG, Tramontano AL, Sponzilli A, Facchinetti F. Prelabour rupture of the membranes at term: antibiotic overuse in Italy. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2024; 76:135-141. [PMID: 35829626 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.22.05145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proper management of women with premature rupture of membrane (PROM) and not spontaneously entering in labour remains controversial. The aim of this study was to identify the current management for women with PROM at term according to the Group B Streptococcus (GBS) status across different Italian hospitals. METHODS Anonymous online survey evaluating: the current practice of women with PROM in terms of management (expectant management vs. induction of labour) and antibiotic prophylaxis according to GBS status. RESULTS In case of negative GBS status, the 82.4% of respondents wait until 24 hours before labour induction. Antibiotics are administered for prophylaxis in 35.3%, 27.5% and 2% at 18, 12 and 24 hours respectively. The remaining 35.3% of respondents are divided between those using antibiotics only with signs of infections or according to different risk factors (i.e. meconium-stained amniotic fluid or suspected infection). Neonates born from a mother with negative GBS status almost never (90.2%) receive prophylactic antibiotics. In case of positive GBS status, induction is started as soon as possible by 49.1% of respondents; the remnants choose to wait 6 (15.7%), 12 (17.6%), 18 (3.9%) and 24 (13.7%) hours. Antibiotics are administered as soon as possible by 78.4% of clinicians. In the neonates, 51% of neonatologist administer antibiotics upon clinical indications (suspected sepsis); 15.7% use antibiotics routinely or with a short interval between maternal antibiotics and delivery (17.6%). CONCLUSIONS The management after PROM is highly heterogeneous with an inappropriate extension of antibiotic prophylaxis in cases with negative GBS status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena G Sileo
- Unit Prenatal Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- International Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna L Tramontano
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sponzilli
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchinetti
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy -
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Saroukhani S, Samms-Vaughan M, Bressler J, Lee M, Byrd-Williams C, Hessabi M, Grove ML, Shakespeare-Pellington S, Loveland KA, Rahbar MH. Additive or Interactive Associations of Food Allergies with Glutathione S-Transferase Genes in Relation to ASD and ASD Severity in Jamaican Children. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:704-724. [PMID: 36436147 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate additive and interactive associations of food allergies with three glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes in relation to ASD and ASD severity in Jamaican children. Using data from 344 1:1 age- and sex-matched ASD cases and typically developing controls, we assessed additive and interactive associations of food allergies with polymorphisms in GST genes (GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1) in relation to ASD by applying conditional logistic regression models, and in relation to ASD severity in ASD cases as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2nd Edition (ADOS-2) total and domains specific comparison scores (CSs) by fitting general linear models. Although food allergies and GST genes were not associated with ASD, ASD cases allergic to non-dairy food had higher mean ADOS-2 Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors (RRB) CS (8.8 vs. 8.0, P = 0.04). In addition, allergy to dairy was associated with higher mean RRB CS only among ASD cases with GSTT1 DD genotype (9.9 vs. 7.8, P < 0.01, interaction P = 0.01), and GSTP1 Val/Val genotype under a recessive genetic model (9.8 vs. 7.8, P = 0.02, interaction P = 0.06). Our findings are consistent with the role for GST genes in ASD and food allergies, though require replication in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saroukhani
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maureen Samms-Vaughan
- Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Jan Bressler
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - MinJae Lee
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Courtney Byrd-Williams
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health Regional Campus at Austin, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
| | - Manouchehr Hessabi
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington
- Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Katherine A Loveland
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Mohammad H Rahbar
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Waritani T, Lomax S, Cutler D, Chang J. Development and evaluation of mouse anti-Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 IgE monoclonal antibodies for advancing peanut allergy research. MethodsX 2023; 11:102470. [PMID: 38034322 PMCID: PMC10681920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to peanuts are a considerable public health concern due to the acute and severe IgE mediated reactions. To conduct research on the pathogenesis and therapeutics of peanut allergies, it is imperative to have mouse anti-crude peanut extract (CPE) IgE monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for both in-vitro and in-vivo assays. Without these tools, it is difficult to advance research in this field. In this study, four hybridomas producing anti-CPE IgE mAbs were developed and the IgE mAbs were validated using immune-blot analysis, Sandwich ELISA, Indirect ELISA, a cell-based assay using RBL-2H3 cells, and footpad type I hypersensitivity reaction studies in mice. The results indicate that two of the four mAbs can be effectively used for both in-vitro and in-vivo peanut allergy studies, as they induce allergic reactions with sensitization alone in mice. These novel anti-Ara h1 and Ara h 3 IgE mAbs, in combination with the detailed protocols outlined in this article, offer valuable guidance for studying acute allergic reactions involving mast cells across various platforms. With some considerations, the IgE mAbs can significantly advance peanut allergy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Waritani
- Chondrex, Inc., 16928 Woodinville-Redmond Rd NE STE B101, Woodinville, WA 98072, USA
| | - Sidney Lomax
- Chondrex, Inc., 16928 Woodinville-Redmond Rd NE STE B101, Woodinville, WA 98072, USA
| | - Dawn Cutler
- Chondrex, Inc., 16928 Woodinville-Redmond Rd NE STE B101, Woodinville, WA 98072, USA
| | - Jessica Chang
- Chondrex, Inc., 16928 Woodinville-Redmond Rd NE STE B101, Woodinville, WA 98072, USA
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Zhao S, Zhao Y, Yang X, Zhao T. Recent research advances on oral colon-specific delivery system of nature bioactive components: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113403. [PMID: 37803751 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral colon-specific delivery system (OCDS) is a targeted approach that aims to directly deliver bioactive compounds directly to the colon following oral administration, thereby enhancing the colonic release of bioactive substances and minimizing adverse reactions. The effectiveness of bioactive substances in the colon hinges on the degree of release, which are affected by various factors including pH, mucosal barrier, delivery time and so on. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the key factors affecting oral colon-specific release of bioactive components firstly. Considering the oral safety, this review then mainly focuses on the types of carriers with edible OCDS and preparation strategies for OCDS. Finally, several preparation strategies for loading typical natural bioactive ingredients into oral safe OCDS are reviewed, along with future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Pedroza Matute S, Iyavoo S. Exploring the gut microbiota: lifestyle choices, disease associations, and personal genomics. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1225120. [PMID: 37867494 PMCID: PMC10585655 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1225120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a rich and dynamic ecosystem that actively interacts with the human body, playing a significant role in the state of health and disease of the host. Diet, exercise, mental health, and other factors have exhibited the ability to influence the gut bacterial composition, leading to changes that can prevent and improve, or favor and worsen, both intestinal and extra-intestinal conditions. Altered gut microbial states, or 'dysbiosis', associated with conditions and diseases are often characterized by shifts in bacterial abundance and diversity, including an impaired Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. By understanding the effect of lifestyle on the gut microbiota, personalized advice can be generated to suit each individual profile and foster the adoption of lifestyle changes that can both prevent and ameliorate dysbiosis. The delivery of effective and reliable advice, however, depends not only on the available research and current understanding of the topic, but also on the methods used to assess individuals and to discover the associations, which can introduce bias at multiple stages. The aim of this review is to summarize how human gut microbial variability is defined and what lifestyle choices and diseases have shown association with gut bacterial composition. Furthermore, popular methods to investigate the human gut microbiota are outlined, with a focus on the possible bias caused by the lack of use of standardized methods. Finally, an overview of the current state of personalized advice based on gut microbiota testing is presented, underlining its power and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasitaran Iyavoo
- Nkaarco Diagnostics Limited, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
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Dijk W, Villa C, Benedé S, Vassilopoulou E, Mafra I, Garrido-Arandia M, Martínez Blanco M, Bouchaud G, Hoppenbrouwers T, Bavaro SL, Giblin L, Knipping K, Castro AM, Delgado S, Costa J, Bastiaan-Net S. Critical features of an in vitro intestinal absorption model to study the first key aspects underlying food allergen sensitization. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:971-1005. [PMID: 36546415 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New types of protein sources will enter our diet in a near future, reinforcing the need for a straightforward in vitro (cell-based) screening model to test and predict the safety of these novel proteins, in particular their potential risk for de novo allergic sensitization. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for allergen sensitization describes the current knowledge of key events underlying the complex cellular interactions that proceed allergic food sensitization. Currently, there is no consensus on the in vitro model to study the intestinal translocation of proteins as well as the epithelial activation, which comprise the first molecular initiation events (ME1-3) and the first key event of the AOP, respectively. As members of INFOGEST, we have highlighted several critical features that should be considered for any proposed in vitro model to study epithelial protein transport in the context of allergic sensitization. In addition, we defined which intestinal cell types are indispensable in a consensus model of the first steps of the AOP, and which cell types are optional or desired when there is the possibility to create a more complex cell model. A model of these first key aspects of the AOP can be used to study the gut epithelial translocation behavior of known hypo- and hyperallergens, juxtaposed to the transport behavior of novel proteins as a first screen for risk management of dietary proteins. Indeed, this disquisition forms a basis for the development of a future consensus model of the allergic sensitization cascade, comprising also the other key events (KE2-5).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Benedé
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Garrido-Arandia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez Blanco
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tamara Hoppenbrouwers
- Food Quality & Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Lucia Bavaro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (Ispa-Cnr), Campus Universitario Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | | | - Ana Maria Castro
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Childhood Acid Suppressants May Increase Allergy Risk-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:228-237.e8. [PMID: 36257597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that the use of acid suppressants in early childhood may increase the risk of allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE To systematically review and synthesize associations between the childhood use of acid suppressants and development of allergic diseases. METHODS PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched using a systematic search strategy. We included observational or interventional studies that looked at the use of acid suppressants in the pediatric population, in association with allergic outcomes such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergies. Key data were extracted and risk of bias was evaluated according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and a PROSPERO-registered protocol. Maximally adjusted estimates were pooled using mixed-effects models, and heterogeneity was measured using I2. Further subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Overall quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework. RESULTS This review included 5 observational studies from 1977 records with low-to-moderate risk of bias. Childhood acid-suppressant use was associated with significantly increased hazards of asthma (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-1.58), atopic dermatitis (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.10-1.14), and allergic rhinitis (HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.24-1.58). These associations were adjusted for confounders such as demographics, parental educational level, and use of antibiotics. Overall quality of evidence was low. CONCLUSIONS Childhood use of acid suppressants may increase the risk of incident asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis. However, larger studies such as randomized controlled trials are needed to determine causality. These drugs should be used judiciously in pediatric patients, and more stringent guidelines should be advocated.
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11
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Zhang X, Li S, Li M, Hemar Y. Study of the in vitro properties of oligopeptides from whey protein isolate with high Fisher's ratio and their ability to prevent allergic response to β-lactoglobulin in vivo. Food Chem 2022; 405:134841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Tao Y, Zhou E, Li F, Meng L, Li Q, Wu L. Allergenicity Alleviation of Bee Pollen by Enzymatic Hydrolysis: Regulation in Mice Allergic Mediators, Metabolism, and Gut Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213454. [PMID: 36360070 PMCID: PMC9658975 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee pollen as a nutrient-rich functional food has been considered for use as an adjuvant for chronic disease therapy. However, bee pollen can trigger food-borne allergies, causing a great concern to food safety. Our previous study demonstrated that the combined use of cellulase, pectinase and papain can hydrolyze allergens into peptides and amino acids, resulting in reduced allergenicity of bee pollen based on in vitro assays. Herein, we aimed to further explore the mechanisms behind allergenicity alleviation of enzyme-treated bee pollen through a BALB/c mouse model. Results showed that the enzyme-treated bee pollen could mitigate mice scratching frequency, ameliorate histopathological injury, decrease serum IgE level, and regulate bioamine production. Moreover, enzyme-treated bee pollen can modulate metabolic pathways and gut microbiota composition in mice, further supporting the alleviatory allergenicity of enzyme-treated bee pollen. The findings could provide a foundation for further development and utilization of hypoallergenic bee pollen products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Tao
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China
| | - Enning Zhou
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fukai Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lifeng Meng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qiangqiang Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-132-6949-5300
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China
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13
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Zhu H, Tang K, Chen G, Liu Z. Biomarkers in oral immunotherapy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:705-731. [PMID: 36111569 PMCID: PMC9483607 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) is a global health problem that affects a large population, and thus effective treatment is highly desirable. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been showing reasonable efficacy and favorable safety in most FA subjects. Dependable biomarkers are needed for treatment assessment and outcome prediction during OIT. Several immunological indicators have been used as biomarkers in OIT, such as skin prick tests, basophil and mast cell reactivity, T cell and B cell responses, allergen-specific antibody levels, and cytokines. Other novel indicators also could be potential biomarkers. In this review, we discuss and assess the application of various immunological indicators as biomarkers for OIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics (No. 3 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kaifa Tang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics (No. 3 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China.
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14
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Kelly MS, Bunyavanich S, Phipatanakul W, Lai PS. The Environmental Microbiome, Allergic Disease, and Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2206-2217.e1. [PMID: 35750322 PMCID: PMC9704440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The environmental microbiome represents the entirety of the microbes and their metabolites that we encounter in our environments. A growing body of evidence supports the role of the environmental microbiome in risk for and severity of allergic diseases and asthma. The environmental microbiome represents a ubiquitous, lifelong exposure to non-self antigens. During the critical window between birth and 1 year of life, interactions between our early immune system and the environmental microbiome have 2 consequences: our individual microbiome is populated by environmental microbes, and our immune system is trained regarding which antigens to tolerate. During this time, a diversity of exposures appears largely protective, dramatically decreasing the risk of developing allergic diseases and asthma. As we grow older, our interactions with the environmental microbiome change. While it continues to exert influence over the composition of the human microbiome, the environmental microbiome becomes increasingly a source for antigenic stimulation and infection. The same microbial exposure protective against disease development may exacerbate disease severity. Although much has been learned about the importance of the environmental microbiome in allergic disease, much more remains to be understood about these complicated interactions between our environment, our microbiome, our immune system, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Kelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Peggy S Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
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15
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Gold MS, Quinn PJ, Campbell DE, Peake J, Smart J, Robinson M, O’Sullivan M, Vogt JK, Pedersen HK, Liu X, Pazirandeh-Micol E, Heine RG. Effects of an Amino Acid-Based Formula Supplemented with Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Growth, Tolerability, Safety, and Gut Microbiome in Infants with Cow's Milk Protein Allergy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112297. [PMID: 35684099 PMCID: PMC9182596 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This open-label, non-randomized, multicenter trial (Registration: NCT03661736) aimed to assess if an amino acid-based formula (AAF) supplemented with two human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) supports normal growth and is well tolerated in infants with a cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). Term infants aged 1-8 months with moderate-to-severe CMPA were enrolled. The study formula was an AAF supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). Infants were fed the study formula for 4 months and were offered to remain on the formula until 12 months of age. Tolerance and safety were assessed throughout the trial. Out of 32 infants (mean age 18.6 weeks; 20 (62.5%) male), 29 completed the trial. During the 4-month principal study period, the mean weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) increased from -0.31 at the baseline to +0.28 at the 4-months' follow-up. Linear and head growth also progressed along the WHO child growth reference, with a similar small upward trend. The formula was well tolerated and had an excellent safety profile. When comparing the microbiome at the baseline to the subsequent visits, there was a significant on-treatment enrichment in HMO-utilizing bifidobacteria, which was associated with a significant increase in fecal short-chain fatty acids. In addition, we observed a significant reduction in the abundance of fecal Proteobacteria, suggesting that the HMO-supplemented study formula partially corrected the gut microbial dysbiosis in infants with CMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Gold
- Department of Allergy & Immunology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrick J. Quinn
- Department of Allergy & Immunology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia;
| | - Dianne E. Campbell
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Jane Peake
- Queensland Paediatric Immunology and Allergy Service, Queensland Children’s Hospital, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
| | - Joanne Smart
- Paediatric Allergy Services, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia;
| | - Marnie Robinson
- Melbourne Allergy Centre & Children’s Specialists Medical Group, Parkville, VIC 3152, Australia;
| | - Michael O’Sullivan
- Department of Immunology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | | | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Biostatistics and Data Science Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia;
| | | | - Ralf G. Heine
- Nestlé Health Science, CH-1800 Vevey, Switzerland; (E.P.-M.); (R.G.H.)
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16
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Liu Q, Umemoto E, Morita N, Kayama H, Baba Y, Kurosaki T, Okumura R, Takeda K. Pyruvate enhances oral tolerance via GPR31. Int Immunol 2022; 34:343-352. [PMID: 35303081 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CX3CR1 high myeloid cells in the small intestine mediate the induction of oral tolerance by driving regulatory T (Treg) cells. Bacterial metabolites, e.g., pyruvate and lactate, induce a dendrite extension of CX3CR1 high myeloid cells into the intestinal lumen via GPR31. However, it remains unclear whether the pyruvate-GPR31 axis is involved in the induction of oral tolerance. Here, we show that pyruvate enhances oral tolerance in a GPR31-dependent manner. In ovalbumin (OVA)-fed Gpr31-deficient mice, an OVA-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity response was substantially induced, demonstrating the defective induction of oral tolerance in Gpr31-deficient mice. The percentage of RORγt+ Treg cells in the small intestine was reduced in Gpr31-deficient mice. In pyruvate-treated wild-type mice, a low dose of OVA efficiently induced oral tolerance. IL-10 production from intestinal CX3CR1 high myeloid cells was increased by OVA ingestion in wild-type mice, but not in Gpr31-deficient mice. CX3CR1 high myeloid cell-specific IL-10-deficient mice showed a defective induction of oral tolerance to OVA and a decreased accumulation of OVA-specific Treg cells in the small intestine. These findings demonstrate that pyruvate enhances oral tolerance through a GPR31-dependent effect on intestinal CX3CR1 high myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Umemoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Gertie JA, Zhang B, Liu EG, Hoyt LR, Yin X, Xu L, Long LL, Soldatenko A, Gowthaman U, Williams A, Eisenbarth SC. Oral anaphylaxis to peanut in a mouse model is associated with gut permeability but not with Tlr4 or Dock8 mutations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:262-274. [PMID: 34051223 PMCID: PMC8626534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of food allergy is poorly understood; mouse models are powerful systems to discover immunologic pathways driving allergic disease. C3H/HeJ mice are a widely used model for the study of peanut allergy because, unlike C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice, they are highly susceptible to oral anaphylaxis. However, the immunologic mechanism of this strain's susceptibility is not known. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the mechanism underlying the unique susceptibility to anaphylaxis in C3H/HeJ mice. We tested the role of deleterious Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) or dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (Dock8) mutations in this strain because both genes have been associated with food allergy. METHODS We generated C3H/HeJ mice with corrected Dock8 or Tlr4 alleles and sensitized and challenged them with peanut. We then characterized the antibody response to sensitization, anaphylaxis response to both oral and systemic peanut challenge, gut microbiome, and biomarkers of gut permeability. RESULTS In contrast to C3H/HeJ mice, C57BL/6 mice were resistant to anaphylaxis after oral peanut challenge; however, both strains undergo anaphylaxis with intraperitoneal challenge. Restoring Tlr4 or Dock8 function in C3H/HeJ mice did not protect from anaphylaxis. Instead, we discovered enhanced gut permeability resulting in ingested allergens in the bloodstream in C3H/HeJ mice compared to C57BL/6 mice, which correlated with an increased number of goblet cells in the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlights the potential importance of gut permeability in driving anaphylaxis to ingested food allergens; it also indicates that genetic loci outside of Tlr4 and Dock8 are responsible for the oral anaphylactic susceptibility of C3H/HeJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake A Gertie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Biyan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Singapore
| | - Elise G Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Laura R Hoyt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Lauren L Long
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Arielle Soldatenko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Uthaman Gowthaman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass
| | - Adam Williams
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Conn; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn.
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
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18
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Costa GT, Vasconcelos QDJS, Aragão GF. Fructooligosaccharides on inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:709-722. [PMID: 34966938 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Evidence shows that fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) can modulate inflammatory, oxidative, and immune activity in the gut, possibly leading to a systemic response, improving human health. OBJECTIVE To assess the present knowledge of the effects of FOSs on inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response. DATA SOURCES Studies published between December 2000 and January 2020 were systematically searched in four databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus. After the screening of 1316 articles, 8 human studies and 20 animal models were included. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted separately by 2 reviewers. For each study, the design, population, exposures, main results, and conclusion were extracted. The research questions and the risk-of-bias information were also extracted. Additionally, the risk-of-bias were analyzed to guarantee the reliability of this review. DATA ANALYSIS A qualitative analysis revealed that FOSs can increase bifidobacteria counts and short-chain fatty acids in the gut, stimulate IgA secretion in the colon, and decrease proinflammatory cytokines, thus influencing metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION Studies suggest that FOS supplementation is positively associated with an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, thus enhancing the gut immune system, which may be beneficial for the host's health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration nos 42020209865 and 42020220369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciana T Costa
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Quezia D J S Vasconcelos
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gislei F Aragão
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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19
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Sabouraud-Leclerc D, Bradatan E, Moraly T, Payot F, Larue C, Chabbert AB, Nemni A, Pontcharraud R, Juchet A, Divaret-Chauveau A, Morisset M. Primary prevention of food allergy in 2021: Update and proposals of French-speaking pediatric allergists. Arch Pediatr 2021; 29:81-89. [PMID: 34955309 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the past years, there has been an alarming increase in cases of food allergy and anaphylaxis in ever-younger children. Often, these children have multiple food allergies and food sensitizations, involving allergens with high anaphylactic potential, such as peanuts and nuts, which have a major influence on their quality of life and future. After reviewing the current epidemiological data, we discuss the main causes of the increase in food allergies. We analyze data from studies on the skin barrier and its fundamental role in the development of sensitization and food allergies, data on the tolerogenic digestive tract applied in particular to hen eggs and peanuts, as well as data on the prevention of allergy to cow milk proteins. In light of these studies, we propose a practical guide of recommendations focused on infants and the introduction of cow milk, the management of eczema, and early and broad dietary diversification including high-risk food allergens, such as peanut and nuts while taking into account the food consumption habits of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sabouraud-Leclerc
- American Memorial Hospital, Pediatrics Department, Reims University Hospital, 47 rue Cognacq Jay 51100 Reims, France.
| | - E Bradatan
- Namur Regional Hospital Center, Pediatrics Department, Pneumology and Allergology Unit, 185, Avenue Albert 1er, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - T Moraly
- Saint-Vincent de Paul Hospital, Group of Hospitals of Lille Catholic Institute, Allergology Unit, 59000 Lille, France
| | - F Payot
- Femme-Mère-Enfant Hospital, Allergology Unit, Lyon University Hospital, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - C Larue
- G.H.E.F. Meaux Hospital, Allergology Unit, 6-8 rue Saint Fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France
| | - A Broué Chabbert
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology Office, 1 rue de la Paderne, 31170 Tournefeuille, France
| | - A Nemni
- Allergology Unit, Robert Ballanger Hospital, 93600 Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France
| | - R Pontcharraud
- Toulouse University Hospital, Dietician Unit, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - A Juchet
- Clinique Rive Gauche, 49 Allées Charles de Fitte, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | - A Divaret-Chauveau
- Pediatric Allergy Department, Children's Hospital, Nancy University Hospital, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France; EA 3450 DevAH-Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France; UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - M Morisset
- Angers University Hospital, Allergology Unit, 49000 Angers, France
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20
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Tramper‐Stranders G, Ambrożej D, Arcolaci A, Atanaskovic‐Markovic M, Boccabella C, Bonini M, Karavelia A, Mingomataj E, O' Mahony L, Sokolowska M, Untersmayr E, Feleszko W. Dangerous liaisons: Bacteria, antimicrobial therapies, and allergic diseases. Allergy 2021; 76:3276-3291. [PMID: 34390006 DOI: 10.1111/all.15046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota composition and associated metabolic activities are essential for the education and development of a healthy immune system. Microbial dysbiosis, caused by risk factors such as diet, birth mode, or early infant antimicrobial therapy, is associated with the inception of allergic diseases. In turn, allergic diseases increase the risk for irrational use of antimicrobial therapy. Microbial therapies, such as probiotics, have been studied in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases, but evidence remains limited due to studies with high heterogeneity, strain-dependent effectiveness, and variable outcome measures. In this review, we sketch the relation of microbiota with allergic diseases, the overuse and rationale for the use of antimicrobial agents in allergic diseases, and current knowledge concerning the use of bacterial products in allergic diseases. We urgently recommend 1) limiting antibiotic therapy in pregnancy and early childhood as a method contributing to the reduction of the allergy epidemic in children and 2) restricting antibiotic therapy in exacerbations and chronic treatment of allergic diseases, mainly concerning asthma and atopic dermatitis. Future research should be aimed at antibiotic stewardship implementation strategies and biomarker-guided therapy, discerning those patients that might benefit from antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerdien Tramper‐Stranders
- Department of Pediatrics Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Neonatology Erasmus Medical CenterSophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Dominika Ambrożej
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
- Doctoral School Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Alessandra Arcolaci
- Immunology Unit University of Verona and General Hospital Borgo Roma Hospital Verona Italy
| | | | - Cristina Boccabella
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli – IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Matteo Bonini
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli – IRCCS Rome Italy
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) Imperial College London London UK
| | - Aspasia Karavelia
- Department of Ear‐Nose‐Throat surgery General Hospital of Kozani Kozani Greece
| | - Ervin Mingomataj
- Department of Allergology & Clinical Immunology ‘Mother Theresa’ School of Medicine Tirana Albania
| | - Liam O' Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome IrelandNational University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
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21
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Association of Treated and Untreated Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in the First Year of Life with the Subsequent Development of Asthma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189633. [PMID: 34574556 PMCID: PMC8468622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as well as its treatment with acid-suppressive medications have been considered possible risk factors for the development of asthma, but few studies have disentangled the role of GERD with that of its treatment. The present study aimed at estimating the association of treated and untreated GERD in the first year of life with the risk of asthma. Methods: Retrospective cohort study including all children born between 2004 and 2015 registered in Pedianet, an Italian primary care database. We analyzed the association of children exposed to GERD (both treated and untreated) in the first year of life with the risk of developing clinically assessed asthma (clinical asthma) after 3 years. Secondary outcomes included asthma identified by anti-asthmatic medications (treated asthma) and wheezing after 3 years. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated comparing children with and without GERD, stratifying by treatment with acid-suppressive medications. Results: Out of 86,381 children, 1652 (1.9%) were affected by GERD in the first year of life, of which 871 (53%) were treated with acid-suppressive medications. Compared with controls, children with GERD were at increased risk of clinical asthma (HR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.15–1.70). Risks were similar between treated and untreated GERD (p = 0.41). Comparable results were found for treated asthma, but no risk increase was seen for wheezing. Discussion: Early-life GERD was associated with subsequent childhood asthma. Similar risks among children with treated and untreated GERD suggest that acid-suppressive medications are unlikely to play a major role in the development asthma.
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22
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Yang Y, Li X, Yang Y, Shoaie S, Zhang C, Ji B, Wei Y. Advances in the Relationships Between Cow's Milk Protein Allergy and Gut Microbiota in Infants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716667. [PMID: 34484158 PMCID: PMC8415629 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is an immune response to cow's milk proteins, which is one of the most common food allergies in infants and young children. It is estimated that 2-3% of infants and young children have CMPA. The diet, gut microbiota, and their interactions are believed to be involved in the alterations of mucosal immune tolerance, which might lead to the development of CMPA and other food allergies. In this review, the potential molecular mechanisms of CMPA, including omics technologies used for analyzing microbiota, impacts of early microbial exposures on CMPA development, and microbiota-host interactions, are summarized. The probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and other modulation strategies for gut microbiota and the potential application of microbiota-based design of diets for the CMPA treatment are also discussed. This review not only summarizes the current studies about the interactions of CMPA with gut microbiota but also gives insights into the possible CMPA treatment strategies by modulating gut microbiota, which might help in improving the life quality of CMPA patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Jing’an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Jing’an Branch, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boyang Ji
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yongjun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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23
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Guillamón E, Andreo-Martínez P, Mut-Salud N, Fonollá J, Baños A. Beneficial Effects of Organosulfur Compounds from Allium cepa on Gut Health: A Systematic Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081680. [PMID: 34441457 PMCID: PMC8392556 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary changes affect the composition and structure of gut microbiota (GM) in animals and humans. One of the beneficial effects of consuming products derived from plants is the positive influence on immunity and gastrointestinal health. Species belonging to the genus Allium contain many organosulfur compounds (OSCs) that have been widely studied showing their biological properties and beneficial effects on intestinal health and GM. This is the first systematic review of OSCs from Allium performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and it is based on the evidence that we found in literature about the benefits on the GM and intestinal health demonstrated by OSCs from Allium, and specifically from onion. OSCs from Allium cepa have shown a significant antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the intake of OSCs from onion was able to modulate the composition of GM, increasing the beneficial bacterial populations in animal models. Moreover, the beneficial effects observed in murine models of colitis suggest that these compounds could be suitable candidates for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or reverse the dysbiosis caused by a high-fat diet (HFD). Despite the evidence found both in vitro and in vivo, we have not found any article that tested OSCs different from allicin in clinical trials or dietary intervention studies in humans. In this sense, it would be interesting to conduct new research that tests the benefits of these compounds in human GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Guillamón
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 18620 Granada, Spain; (E.G.); (N.M.-S.); (J.F.)
| | - Pedro Andreo-Martínez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Nuria Mut-Salud
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 18620 Granada, Spain; (E.G.); (N.M.-S.); (J.F.)
| | - Juristo Fonollá
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 18620 Granada, Spain; (E.G.); (N.M.-S.); (J.F.)
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 18620 Granada, Spain; (E.G.); (N.M.-S.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-576-486
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24
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Tun HM, Peng Y, Chen B, Konya TB, Morales-Lizcano NP, Chari R, Field CJ, Guttman DS, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Simons E, Scott JA, Kozyrskyj AL. Ethnicity Associations With Food Sensitization Are Mediated by Gut Microbiota Development in the First Year of Life. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:94-106. [PMID: 33741316 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increasing evidence supports the role of early-life gut microbiota in developing atopic diseases, but ecological changes to gut microbiota during infancy in relation to food sensitization remain unclear. We aimed to characterize and associate these changes with the development of food sensitization in children. METHODS In this observational study, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we characterized the composition of 2844 fecal microbiota in 1422 Canadian full-term infants. Atopic sensitization outcomes were measured by skin prick tests at age 1 year and 3 years. The association between gut microbiota trajectories, based on longitudinal shifts in community clusters, and atopic sensitization outcomes at age 1 and 3 years were determined. Ethnicity and early-life exposures influencing microbiota trajectories were initially examined, and post-hoc analyses were conducted. RESULTS Four identified developmental trajectories of gut microbiota were shaped by birth mode and varied by ethnicity. The trajectory with persistently low Bacteroides abundance and high Enterobacteriaceae/Bacteroidaceae ratio throughout infancy increased the risk of sensitization to food allergens, particularly to peanuts at age 3 years by 3-fold (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-7.01). A much higher likelihood for peanut sensitization was found if infants with this trajectory were born to Asian mothers (adjusted OR 7.87, 95% CI 2.75-22.55). It was characterized by a deficiency in sphingolipid metabolism and persistent Clostridioides difficile colonization. Importantly, this trajectory of depleted Bacteroides abundance mediated the association between Asian ethnicity and food sensitization. CONCLUSIONS This study documented an association between persistently low gut Bacteroides abundance throughout infancy and sensitization to peanuts in childhood. It is the first to show a mediation role for infant gut microbiota in ethnicity-associated development of food sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein M Tun
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Ye Peng
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bolin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Theodore B Konya
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Radha Chari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David S Guttman
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James A Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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25
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Effect of Food Endotoxin on Infant Health. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050298. [PMID: 33922125 PMCID: PMC8143472 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin is a complex molecule derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and it has strong thermal stability. The processing of infant food can kill pathogenic bacteria but cannot remove endotoxin. Because the intestinal structure of infants is not fully developed, residual endotoxin poses a threat to their health by damaging the intestinal flora and inducing intestinal inflammation, obesity, and sepsis, among others. This paper discusses the sources and contents of endotoxin in infant food and methods for preventing endotoxin from harming infants. However, there is no clear evidence that endotoxin levels in infant food cause significant immune symptoms or even diseases in infants. However, in order to improve the safety level of infant food and reduce the endotoxin content, this issue should not be ignored. The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical basis for manufacturers and consumers to understand the possible harm of endotoxin content in infant formula milk powder and to explore how to reduce its level in infant formula milk powder. Generally, producers should focus on cleaning the milk source, securing the cold chain, avoiding long-distance transportation, and shortening the storage time of raw milk to reduce the level of bacteria and endotoxin. After production and processing, the endotoxin content should be measured as an important index to test the quality of infant formula milk powder so as to provide high-quality infant products for the healthy growth of newborns.
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26
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Albuhairi S, Rachid R. Biologics and Novel Therapies for Food Allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2021; 41:271-283. [PMID: 33863483 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is a significant public health burden affecting around 10% of adults and 8% of children. Although the first peanut oral immunotherapy product received Food and Drug Administration approval in 2020, there is still an unmet need for more effective therapeutic options that minimize the risk of anaphylaxis, nutritional deficiencies, and patient's quality of life. Biologics are promising modalities, as they may improve compliance, target multiple food allergies, and treat other concomitant atopic diseases. Although omalizumab has been evaluated extensively, most biologics are more novel and have broader immunologic impact. Careful evaluation of their safety profile should therefore be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Albuhairi
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rima Rachid
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Lopez-Santamarina A, Gonzalez EG, Lamas A, Mondragon ADC, Regal P, Miranda JM. Probiotics as a Possible Strategy for the Prevention and Treatment of Allergies. A Narrative Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040701. [PMID: 33806092 PMCID: PMC8064452 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergies are an increasing global public health concern, especially for children and people living in urban environments. Allergies impair the quality of life of those who suffer from them, and for this reason, alternatives for the treatment of allergic diseases or reduction in their symptoms are being sought. The main objective of this study was to compile the studies carried out on probiotics as a possible therapy for allergies. The most studied allergies on which probiotics have been shown to have a beneficial effect are rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Most studies have studied the administration of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. in children and have shown beneficial effects, such as a reduction in hyperreactivity and inflammation caused by allergens and a decrease in cytokine release, among other beneficial effects. In the case of children, no clear beneficial effects were found in several studies, and the potential risk from the use of some opportunistic bacteria, such as probiotics, seems controversial. In the studies that reported beneficial results, these effects were found to make allergy symptoms less aggressive, thus reducing morbidity in allergy sufferers. The different effects of the same probiotic bacteria on different patients seem to reinforce the idea that the efficacy of probiotics is dependent on the microbial species or strain, its derived metabolites and byproducts, and the gut microbiota eubiosis of the patient. This study is relevant in the context of allergic diseases, as it provides a broader understanding of new alternatives for the treatment of allergies, both in children, who are the main sufferers, and adults, showing that probiotics, in some cases, reduce the symptoms and severity of such diseases.
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28
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Rowińska I, Szyperska-Ślaska A, Zariczny P, Pasławski R, Kramkowski K, Kowalczyk P. The Influence of Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Bacterial Biofilms in the Human Oral Cavity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1444. [PMID: 33809616 PMCID: PMC8001659 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article is a concise compendium of knowledge on the etiology of pathogenic microorganisms of all complexes causing oral diseases. The influence of particular components of the diet and the role of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases were described. The study investigated the bacteriostatic effect of the diet of adults in in vivo and in vitro tests on the formation of bacterial biofilms living in the subgingival plaque, causing diseases called periodontitis. If left untreated, periodontitis can damage the gums and alveolar bones. Anaerobic bacteria, called periopathogens or periodontopathogens, play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. The most important periopathogens of the oral microbiota are bacteria of all complexes, including the red complex. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using a specific diet in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases-already treated as a disease of civilization. The quoted article is an innovative compilation of knowledge on this subject and it can be a valuable source of knowledge for professional hygienists, dentists, peridontologists, dentistry students and anyone who cares about proper oral hygiene. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using this type of diet in the prophylaxis of the oral cavity in order to avoid periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Rowińska
- The Medical and Social Center for Vocational and Continuing Education in Toruń, St. Jana 1/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (I.R.); (A.S.-Ś.)
| | - Adrianna Szyperska-Ślaska
- The Medical and Social Center for Vocational and Continuing Education in Toruń, St. Jana 1/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (I.R.); (A.S.-Ś.)
| | - Piotr Zariczny
- Toruń City Hall, Business Support Center in Toruń, ul. Marii Konopnickiej 13, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Robert Pasławski
- Veterinary Insitute, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, str. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1str, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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29
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Rachid R, Stephen-Victor E, Chatila TA. The microbial origins of food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:808-813. [PMID: 33347905 PMCID: PMC8096615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) is a significant public health issue, propelled by its rapidly increasing prevalence. Its sharp rise into prominence has focused attention on causative environmental factors and their interplay with the immune system in disease pathogenesis. In that regard, there is now substantial evidence that alterations in the gut microbiome early in life imprint the host gut mucosal immunity and may play a critical role in precipitating FA. These changes may impact key steps in the development of the infant gut microbiome, including its shaping by maternal factors and upon the introduction of solid food (the weaning reaction). These early-life changes may have long-range effects on host immunity that manifest later in time as disease pathology. Experimental studies have shown that resetting the host intestinal immune responses by treatment with either a healthy fecal microbiota transplantation or defined commensal bacterial taxa can prevent or treat FA. The mechanisms by which these interventions suppress FA include restoration of gut immune regulatory checkpoints, notably the retinoic orphan receptor gamma T+ regulatory T cells, the epithelial barrier, and healthy immunoglobulin A responses to the gut commensals. These findings inform human studies currently in progress that evaluate the role of microbial therapies in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Rachid
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Emmanuel Stephen-Victor
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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30
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Barbiellini Amidei C, Comoretto R, Zanier L, Donà D, Cantarutti A, Canova C. Acid-suppressive medications in the first year of life and risk of childhood asthma: a population-based birth cohort study. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.00197-2020. [PMID: 32499332 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00197-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Barbiellini Amidei
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Dept of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rosanna Comoretto
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Dept of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Loris Zanier
- Epidemiological Service, Health Directorate, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Donà
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Dept for Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Cantarutti
- Dept of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Dept of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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31
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Jing W, Liu Q, Wang W. Bifidobacterium bifidum
TMC3115 ameliorates milk protein allergy in by affecting gut microbiota: A randomized double‐blind control trial. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13489. [PMID: 32996156 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jing
- Department of Pediatric Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun China
| | - Qingbin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun China
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32
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Stephen-Victor E, Crestani E, Chatila TA. Dietary and Microbial Determinants in Food Allergy. Immunity 2020; 53:277-289. [PMID: 32814026 PMCID: PMC7467210 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The steep rise in food allergy (FA) has evoked environmental factors involved in disease pathogenesis, including the gut microbiota, diet, and their metabolites. Early introduction of solid foods synchronizes with the "weaning reaction," a time during which the microbiota imprints durable oral tolerance. Recent work has shown that children with FA manifest an early onset dysbiosis with the loss of Clostridiales species, which promotes the differentiation of ROR-γt+ regulatory T cells to suppress FA. This process can be reversed in pre-clinical mouse models by targeted bacteriotherapy. Here, we review the dominant tolerance mechanisms enforced by the microbiota to suppress FA and discuss therapeutic intervention strategies that act to recapitulate the early life window of opportunity in stemming the FA epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stephen-Victor
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Crestani
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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33
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Barbiellini Amidei C, Zingone F, Zanier L, Canova C. Risk of Prevalent Asthma among Children Affected by Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124255. [PMID: 32549223 PMCID: PMC7345598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Literature on the risk of asthma among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is limited and has reported discording results. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated the association between asthma and childhood onset IBD, focusing on pediatric IBD with onset between 10 and 17 years, early-onset IBD (EO-IBD) between 0 and 9 years, and very early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD) between 0 and 5 years, all conditions characterized by different clinical progressions. A nested matched case-control design on a longitudinal cohort of 213,515 newborns was adopted. Conditional binomial regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of asthma among children with IBD compared with controls. We found 162 children with IBD and 1620 controls. Overall, childhood onset IBD was associated with increased risks of being affected by asthma (OR: 1.49 95% CI 1.05–2.12), although a significant risk was only present among males (OR: 1.60 95% CI 1.02–2.51). Children with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis had similarly increased risks, although they failed to attain statistical significance. Risks of asthma based on age at IBD onset were inversely related to age, with the lowest non-significant risks for pediatric IBD and EO-IBD, while children affected by VEO-IBD had the highest risk of asthma (OR: 2.75 95% CI 1.26–6.02). Our study suggests the presence of a higher prevalence of asthma among both male children with IBD and children with VEO-IBD. It could be advisable to pay greater attention to possible respiratory symptoms among these categories at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Barbiellini Amidei
- Unit of biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health. Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Section, University Hospital of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Loris Zanier
- Epidemiological Service, Health Directorate, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health. Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Resolving Clinical Phenotypes into Endotypes in Allergy: Molecular and Omics Approaches. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 60:200-219. [PMID: 32378146 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are highly complex with respect to pathogenesis, inflammation, and response to treatment. Current efforts for allergic disease diagnosis have focused on clinical evidence as a binary outcome. Although outcome status based on clinical phenotypes (observable characteristics) is convenient and inexpensive to measure in large studies, it does not adequately provide insight into the complex molecular determinants of allergic disease. Individuals with similar clinical diagnoses do not necessarily have similar disease etiologies, natural histories, or responses to treatment. This heterogeneity contributes to the ineffective response to treatment leading to an annual estimated cost of $350 billion in the USA alone. There has been a recent focus to deconvolute the clinical heterogeneity of allergic diseases into specific endotypes using molecular and omics approaches. Endotypes are a means to classify patients based on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involving distinct functions or treatment response. The advent of high-throughput molecular omics, immunophenotyping, and bioinformatics methods including machine learning algorithms is facilitating the development of endotype-based diagnosis. As we move to the next decade, we should truly start treating clinical endotypes not clinical phenotype. This review highlights current efforts taking place to improve allergic disease endotyping via molecular omics profiling, immunophenotyping, and machine learning approaches in the context of precision diagnostics in allergic diseases. Graphical Abstract.
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Silva NOE, de Brito BB, da Silva FAF, Santos MLC, de Melo FF. Probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: Does it work? World J Meta-Anal 2020; 8:54-66. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v8.i2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of diseases mainly represented by Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has increased in recent decades. As a consequence, the number of people undergoing any drug treatment against these diseases has expanded. However, IBD conventional therapies present several limitations, which lead researchers to look for better alternatives to improve the quality of life of patients. Moreover, microbiome imbalance seems to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IBD, since important alterations in bacterial, viral, protist and fungal populations are observed in the gut microbiota of affected individuals. Given the importance of such life forms in that context, the use of probiotics becomes a plausible alternative for treating affected patients. Trials have been developed aiming the evaluation of probiotics potential to induce and to maintain remission in CD and UC. Regarding the tested microorganisms, various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi have been assessed. However, consistent results have been obtained only with some of them, including Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, VSL#3, Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium. Therefore, this minireview aims to explore the role of microbiota in the genesis of such a disorder and to compile the most concrete data on probiotic-related efficiency in IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Oliveira e Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Breno Bittencourt de Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Lee KH, Song Y, Wu W, Yu K, Zhang G. The gut microbiota, environmental factors, and links to the development of food allergy. Clin Mol Allergy 2020; 18:5. [PMID: 32265597 PMCID: PMC7119288 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-020-00120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy appears to have its roots in an insufficient exposure to a diverse range of environmental microbiota during early life. Microbial exposure ensures the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract with commensal microbes, which is necessary for the induction of a balanced and tolerogenic immune function. High-throughput sequencing technology has facilitated in-depth studies of the gut microbiota as well as bacterial-derived metabolites. Although the role of the microbiota in allergies is now widely studied, its importance for food allergy was only recently noted. Studies in human cohorts have shown that there is an association of dysbiosis and pathogenesis of food allergy, while studies from animal models have demonstrated the capacity of specific species in the gut microbiota to alter immune response, which may lead to the desensitization of food allergy. This article reviews the role of the gut microbiota in food allergy, and discusses the influence of environmental factors as well as prevention and management strategies relating to such regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khui Hung Lee
- 1School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA Australia.,2Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
| | - Yong Song
- 1School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA Australia
| | - Weidong Wu
- 3School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui street, Xinxiang, Henan China
| | - Kan Yu
- 4School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA Australia
| | - Guicheng Zhang
- 1School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA Australia.,2Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
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Crestani E, Harb H, Charbonnier LM, Leirer J, Motsinger-Reif A, Rachid R, Phipatanakul W, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Chatila TA. Untargeted metabolomic profiling identifies disease-specific signatures in food allergy and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:897-906. [PMID: 31669435 PMCID: PMC7062570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy (FA) affects an increasing proportion of children for reasons that remain obscure. Novel disease biomarkers and curative treatment options are strongly needed. OBJECTIVE We sought to apply untargeted metabolomic profiling to identify pathogenic mechanisms and candidate disease biomarkers in patients with FA. METHODS Mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed on serum samples of children with either FA alone, asthma alone, or both FA and asthma, as well as healthy pediatric control subjects. RESULTS In this pilot study patients with FA exhibited a disease-specific metabolomic signature compared with both control subjects and asthmatic patients. In particular, FA was uniquely associated with a marked decrease in sphingolipid levels, as well as levels of a number of other lipid metabolites, in the face of normal frequencies of circulating natural killer T cells. Specific comparison of patients with FA and asthmatic patients revealed differences in the microbiota-sensitive aromatic amino acid and secondary bile acid metabolism. Children with both FA and asthma exhibited a metabolomic profile that aligned with that of FA alone but not asthma. Among children with FA, the history of severe systemic reactions and the presence of multiple FAs were associated with changes in levels of tryptophan metabolites, eicosanoids, plasmalogens, and fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Children with FA have a disease-specific metabolomic profile that is informative of disease mechanisms and severity and that dominates in the presence of asthma. Lower levels of sphingolipids and ceramides and other metabolomic alterations observed in children with FA might reflect the interplay between an altered microbiota and immune cell subsets in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Crestani
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Hani Harb
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Louis-Marie Charbonnier
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jonathan Leirer
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC
| | - Rima Rachid
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Piras C, Pintus R, Pruna D, Dessì A, Atzori L, Fanos V. Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome and Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection: A Case Report Analysis with a Metabolomics Approach. Curr Pediatr Rev 2020; 16:183-193. [PMID: 31642785 PMCID: PMC8193809 DOI: 10.2174/1573396315666191022102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) is a clinical condition characterized by a sudden and dramatic obsessive-compulsive disorder with a suggested post-infectious immune-mediated etiology. This condition is accompanied by an extensive series of relatively serious neuropsychiatric symptoms. The diagnosis of PANS is made by "exclusion", as the individual PANS symptoms overlap with a multiplicity of psychiatric disorders with the onset in childhood. A number of researchers accumulated evidence to support the hypothesis that PANS was closely associated with a number of infections. In the last decade, metabolomics played an essential role in improving the knowledge of complex biological systems and identifying potential new biomarkers as indicators of pathological progressions or pharmacologic responses to therapy. The metabolome is considered the most predictive phenotype, capable of recognizing epigenetic differences, reflecting more closely the clinical reality at any given moment and thus providing extremely dynamic data. In the present work, the most recent hypothesis and suggested mechanisms of this condition are reviewed and the case of a 10 - year-old girl with PANS is described, before and after clarithromycin treatment. The main results of this case report are discussed from a metabolomics point of view. The alteration of several metabolic pathways concerning the microbial activity highlights the possible role of the microbiome in the development of PANS. Furthermore, different metabolic perturbations at the level of protein biosynthesis, energy and amino acid metabolisms are observed and discussed. Based on our observations, it is believed that metabolomics is a promising technology to unravel the mysteries of PANS in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Pintus
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dario Pruna
- Pediatric Neurology and Epileptology Unit, Brotzu Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelica Dessì
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
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Santos SCD, Konstantyner T, Cocco RR. Effects of probiotics in the treatment of food hypersensitivity in children: a systematic review. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:95-104. [PMID: 31477401 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food allergy is considered a public health problem for children. The modulation of the intestinal microbiota seems a promising strategy for the control of allergic reactions. OBJECTIVE To describe the effects of different forms of probiotics in pediatric food hypersensitivity treatment. DATA SOURCE We conducted a systematic review based on clinical trials published in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. The searches were carried out using the MeSH terms "Food Hypersensitivity," "Probiotics," "Lactobacillus," and "Bifidobacterium". DATA SYNTHESIS The final selection resulted in 18 clinical trials, which were predominantly samples of infants and pre-school children. The most-often used strain, either alone or in combination, was Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; a placebo was mainly used in the control group. As for the vehicle, the most common forms were capsules and infant formulas, and the period of intervention ranged from four weeks to 24 months, with weekly or monthly visits to measure the outcomes. In these 18 trials, 46 analyses were performed with 27 different types of outcomes to evaluate the effects of probiotics (12 laboratory and 15 clinical). Twenty-seven of these analyses demonstrated the benefits of using these microorganisms. The SCORAD (atopic dermatitis index) and IgE levels and cytokines were the outcomes mostly evaluated. CONCLUSION The use of probiotics is beneficial in promoting immunomodulation and reducing clinical symptoms. However, more methodologically based research is needed to clarify the effect from each type, dose, and time of using them for the establishment of definitive care protocols.
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Stefanovic N, Flohr C, Irvine AD. The exposome in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2020; 75:63-74. [PMID: 31194890 PMCID: PMC7003958 DOI: 10.1111/all.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory disorder with multiple interactions between genetic, immune and external factors. The sum of external factors that an individual is exposed to throughout their lifetime is termed the exposome. The exposome spans multiple domains from population to molecular levels and, in combination with genetic factors, holds the key to understanding the phenotypic diversity seen in AD patients. Exposomal domains are categorized into nonspecific (human and natural factors affecting populations), specific (eg humidity, ultraviolet radiation, diet, pollution, allergens, water hardness) and internal (cutaneous and gut microbiota and host cell interaction) exposures. The skin, as the organ that most directly interacts with and adapts to the external environment, is a prime target for exploration of exposomal influences on disease. Given the well-recognized physical environmental influences on AD, this condition could be much better understood through insightful exposomal research. In this narrative review, we examine each domain in turn, highlighting current understanding of the mechanisms by which exposomal influences modulate AD pathogenesis at distinct points in time. We highlight current approaches to exposome modification in AD and other allergic disease and propose future directions for exposome characterization and modification using novel research techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carsten Flohr
- Unit for Population‐Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of DermatologyGuy's & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alan D. Irvine
- Department of Paediatric DermatologyOur Lady’s Children’s Hospital CrumlinDublinIreland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Crumlin and Clinical MedicineTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
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Stephen-Victor E, Chatila TA. Regulation of oral immune tolerance by the microbiome in food allergy. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 60:141-147. [PMID: 31302570 PMCID: PMC6800633 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The steep rise in the incidence and prevalence of food allergy (FA) in the last few decades have focused attention of environmental mechanisms which act to promote disease, chief among which is the microbiome. Recent studies have now established the presence of pathogenic dysbiosis in FA that could be precipitated by a variety of environmental insults, including among others antibiotic usage and mode of delivery, that act to subvert the immune regulatory response that enforce tolerance to dietary antigens. A key attribute of this dysbiosis is the loss of Clostridial bacterial species that act to promote the formation of food allergen-specific nascent regulatory T cells in the gut. Significantly, different immunoprotective commensal bacteria, including members of the Clostridiales and Bacteroidales orders act to induce the transcription factor RORγt in nascent Treg cells via an upstream MyD88-dependent mechanism to promote tolerance to dietary antigens. Activation of this axis is disrupted by the dysbiosis, and can be restored by treatment with therapeutic microbiota. These findings highlight the potential for novel microbiota-based approaches to the prevention and treatment of the FA epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stephen-Victor
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.
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Guadamuro L, Diaz M, Jiménez S, Molinos-Norniella C, Pérez-Solis D, Rodríguez JM, Bousoño C, Gueimonde M, Margolles A, Delgado S, Díaz JJ. Fecal Changes Following Introduction of Milk in Infants With Outgrowing Non-IgE Cow's Milk Protein Allergy Are Influenced by Previous Consumption of the Probiotic LGG. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1819. [PMID: 31428100 PMCID: PMC6689952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common allergy in the first year of life. Non-IgE mediated CMPA is characterized by digestive symptoms and tolerance development before the age of three. Gut microbiota composition in early life has been associated with food allergy. The ingestion of different foods/nutrients may mark different shifts in the microbial colonization of the infant intestine as well as the consumption of probiotics. Aim: To analyze changes in microbiota composition and metabolic and cytokine profiles in fecal samples from infants with non-IgE mediated CMPA after successful milk challenges, tolerance acquisition, and increasing dairy introduction in their diet. Methods: Twelve children with CMPA, aged between 1 and 2 years old, were recruited for the study. Participants were initially consuming hypoallergenic hydrolyzed formulas (four of them supplemented with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG), before being exposed to a standardized oral challenge (SOC) with cow's milk. Fecal samples were collected before, 1 week, and 1 month after performing the SOC. Changes in gut microbiota were determined by high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Levels of lactobacilli were also determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Microbial metabolites were analyzed by chromatographic methods and fecal cytokines related to the Th1/Th2 balance were determined by immunoassay. Results: Lactic acid bacteria significantly increased in infants who outgrew non-IgE CMPA, after the introduction of milk. Microbial metabolites derived from the fermentation of proteins, such as branched chain fatty acids, and p-cresol, diminished. After the SOC, some cytokines related to inflammation (TNF-α, IFN-γ) increased. Accompanying the introduction of an unrestricted diet, we found significant differences in fecal microbial composition, metabolites, and cytokines between infants who did not consume the probiotic L. rhamnosus GG and those that did. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the introduction of intact milk proteins is followed by modifications in the infant gut environment through changes in immune mediators, microbiota, and its metabolic end-products. Consumption of probiotics during CMPA may contribute to gut homeostasis by fine-tuning these profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Guadamuro
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Maria Diaz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Santiago Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Section, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - David Pérez-Solis
- Pediatrics Service, Hospital Universitario San Agustín, Avilés, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Bousoño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Section, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan José Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Section, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
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Dhondalay GK, Rael E, Acharya S, Zhang W, Sampath V, Galli SJ, Tibshirani R, Boyd SD, Maecker H, Nadeau KC, Andorf S. Food allergy and omics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 141:20-29. [PMID: 29307411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) prevalence has been increasing over the last few decades and is now a global health concern. Current diagnostic methods for FA result in a high number of false-positive results, and the standard of care is either allergen avoidance or use of epinephrine on accidental exposure, although currently with no other approved treatments. The increasing prevalence of FA, lack of robust biomarkers, and inadequate treatments warrants further research into the mechanism underlying food allergies. Recent technological advances have made it possible to move beyond traditional biological techniques to more sophisticated high-throughput approaches. These technologies have created the burgeoning field of omics sciences, which permit a more systematic investigation of biological problems. Omics sciences, such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and exposomics, have enabled the construction of regulatory networks and biological pathway models. Parallel advances in bioinformatics and computational techniques have enabled the integration, analysis, and interpretation of these exponentially growing data sets and opens the possibility of personalized or precision medicine for FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Krishna Dhondalay
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Efren Rael
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Swati Acharya
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Robert Tibshirani
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Holden Maecker
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kari Christine Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
| | - Sandra Andorf
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
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Microbiota therapy acts via a regulatory T cell MyD88/RORγt pathway to suppress food allergy. Nat Med 2019; 25:1164-1174. [PMID: 31235962 PMCID: PMC6677395 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of dysbiosis in food allergy (FA) remains unclear. We found that dysbiotic fecal microbiota in FA infants evolved compositionally over time and failed to protect against FA in mice. Infants and mice with FA had decreased IgA and increased IgE binding to fecal bacteria, indicative of a broader breakdown of oral tolerance than hitherto appreciated. Therapy with Clostridiales species impacted by dysbiosis, either as a consortium or as monotherapy with Subdoligranulum variabile, suppressed FA in mice, as did a separate immunomodulatory Bacteroidales consortium. Bacteriotherapy induced regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor ROR-γt in a MyD88-dependent manner, which were deficient in FA infants and mice and ineffectively induced by their microbiota. Deletion of Myd88 or Rorc in Treg cells abrogated protection by bacteriotherapy. Thus, commensals activate a MyD88/ROR-γt pathway in nascent Treg cells to protect against FA, while dysbiosis impairs this regulatory response to promote disease.
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46
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Farez MF. Food allergies and multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:625. [PMID: 30630959 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Franco Farez
- Center for Research on Neuroimmunological Diseases (CIEN), FLENI, Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina
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Davidson WF, Leung DYM, Beck LA, Berin CM, Boguniewicz M, Busse WW, Chatila TA, Geha RS, Gern JE, Guttman-Yassky E, Irvine AD, Kim BS, Kong HH, Lack G, Nadeau KC, Schwaninger J, Simpson A, Simpson EL, Spergel JM, Togias A, Wahn U, Wood RA, Woodfolk JA, Ziegler SF, Plaut M. Report from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases workshop on "Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march: Mechanisms and interventions". J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:894-913. [PMID: 30639346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects up to 20% of children worldwide and is an increasing public health problem, particularly in developed countries. Although AD in infants and young children can resolve, there is a well-recognized increased risk of sequential progression from AD to other atopic diseases, including food allergy (FA), allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, a process referred to as the atopic march. The mechanisms underlying the development of AD and subsequent progression to other atopic comorbidities, particularly FA, are incompletely understood and the subject of intense investigation. Other major research objectives are the development of effective strategies to prevent AD and FA, as well as therapeutic interventions to inhibit the atopic march. In 2017, the Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases sponsored a workshop to discuss current understanding and important advances in these research areas and to identify gaps in knowledge and future research directions. International and national experts in the field were joined by representatives from several National Institutes of Health institutes. Summaries of workshop presentations, key conclusions, and recommendations are presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy F Davidson
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colo.
| | - Lisa A Beck
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Cecilia M Berin
- Department of Pediatrics, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mark Boguniewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, and the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - William W Busse
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - James E Gern
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and the Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Alan D Irvine
- Paediatric Dermatology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, National Children's Research Centre and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian S Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch, the Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology, and the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Gideon Lack
- Paediatric Allergy, Department of Women and Children's Health, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, and the Department of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Julie Schwaninger
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md
| | - Angela Simpson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eric L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Jonathan M Spergel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, and the Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Alkis Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md
| | - Ulrich Wahn
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert A Wood
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Judith A Woodfolk
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | | | - Marshall Plaut
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md
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Examining the infectious aetiology and diagnostic criteria of maternal pyrexia in labour to improve antibiotic stewardship. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2019. [PMCID: PMC6683981 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2018.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yang YJ, Ni YH. Gut microbiota and pediatric obesity/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 118 Suppl 1:S55-S61. [PMID: 30509561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huge amount microorganisms resides in human intestine, and many contribute to the maturation and homeostasis of immune system. The diversity of gut ecology are affected by the gestational age, delivery type, feeding sources, and antibiotics use in neonates. Recent studies pointed out that disturbance of gut microbiota, so called dysbiosis, could result in several pediatric diseases including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic syndromes, allergic diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, there are no single species can be proven to play a key factor in pediatric obesity and NAFLD at present. Various probiotics may confer benefit to these gut microbiota-related pediatric diseases. The clinical application is still limited. This review article aimed to elucidate evidently the relationship between gut microbiota and pediatric obesity/NAFLD and to discuss the potential probiotics use in pediatric obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hsuan Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Microbiota and Derived Parameters in Fecal Samples of Infants with Non-IgE Cow's Milk Protein Allergy under a Restricted Diet. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101481. [PMID: 30314304 PMCID: PMC6213916 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy in infancy. Non-IgE mediated (NIM) forms are little studied and the responsible mechanisms of tolerance acquisition remain obscure. Our aim was to study the intestinal microbiota and related parameters in the fecal samples of infants with NIM-CMPA, to establish potential links between type of formula substitutes, microbiota, and desensitization. Seventeen infants between one and two years old, diagnosed with NIM-CMPA, were recruited. They were all on an exclusion diet for six months, consuming different therapeutic protein hydrolysates. After this period, stool samples were obtained and tolerance development was evaluated by oral challenges. A control group of 10 age-matched healthy infants on an unrestricted diet were included in the study. Microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids, calprotectin, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 levels were determined in fecal samples from both groups. Infants with NIM-CMPA that consumed vegetable protein-based formulas presented microbiota colonization patterns different from those fed with an extensively hydrolyzed formula. Differences in microbiota composition and fecal parameters between NIM-CMPA and healthy infants were observed. Non-allergic infants showed a significantly higher proportion of Bacteroides compared to infants with NIM-CMPA. The type of protein hydrolysate was found to determine gut microbiota colonization and influence food allergy resolution in NIM-CMPA cases.
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