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Strehler Y, Lachmann N, Niemann M, Halleck F, Budde K, Pruß A. Positive Long-Term Outcome of Kidney Allocation via Acceptable Mismatch Program in Highly Sensitized Patients. Transfus Med Hemother 2024; 51:140-151. [PMID: 38867807 PMCID: PMC11166408 DOI: 10.1159/000536533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eurotransplant established the acceptable mismatch (AM) program to facilitate timely kidney transplantations of highly sensitized patients, but long-term granular clinical and immunological outcomes regarding overall graft survival and de novo DSA (dnDSA) formation are still intensively researched. The right choice of induction therapy in patients with differing immunological risk is not conclusively determined, as well as the impact of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) epitope matching on dnDSA formation. Methods This monocentric, retrospective study analyzed 94 patients transplanted within the AM program between 2000 and 2019 compared to case-control matched cohorts of non- (PRA 0-5%; PRA-0) and intermediately sensitized (PRA 6-84%; PRA-6/84) patients transplanted through Eurotransplant Kidney Allocation System. Results Estimated 10-year overall graft survival between the PRA-0 and AM cohorts was similar, whereas PRA-6/84 was significantly disadvantageous compared to PRA-0. Estimated 10-year incidence of antibody-mediated rejection rates was significantly lower in the PRA-0 group compared to AM and PRA-6/84 groups. Compared to the AM group, estimated incidence of de novo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA) was significantly lower in PRA-0 patients, with no differences between the AM and PRA-6/84 cohorts. The PRA-6/84 cohort was the only subgroup in which interleukin-2 receptor antagonist (IL2RA) induction was associated with longer overall graft survival, patient survival, and graft survival compared to depleting induction (ATG or OKT3). Broad HLA-A, -B, -DR mismatches (mmABDR) and HLA epitope mismatches determined by Eplets and PIRCHE-II were predictive for dnDSA formation in the total cohort, and the AM subgroup. Discussion The high efforts expended on AM patients are justified to allow timely organ transplantation with acceptable risk profile and non-inferior outcomes. IL2RA induction in intermediately sensitized patients is associated with superior overall graft survival, patient survival, and graft survival compared to ATG/OKT3 induction, without negative effects on rejection episodes or dnDSA formation. In silico epitope matching might further help reduce dnDSA formation, particularly in high-risk AM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Strehler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Lachmann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Halleck
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Pruß
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Alsulami MM, Al-Otaibi NE, Alshahrani WA, Altheaby A, Al Thiab KM, Alnajjar LI, Albekery MA, Almutairy RF, Asiri MY, AlMohareb SN, Alsehli FA, Binthuwaini AT, Almagthali A, Alwaily SS, Alzahrani AY, Alrohile F, Alqurashi AE, Alshareef H, Almarhabi H, Alharbi A, Alrashidi H, Alamri RM, Alnahari FN, Mohsin B, Odah NO, Habhab WT, Alfi YA, Alhaidal HA, Alghwainm M, Al Sulaiman K. The Predictors and Risk Factors of 2-Year Rejection in Renal Transplant Patients: A Multicenter Case-Control Study. Am J Nephrol 2024; 55:487-498. [PMID: 38679014 DOI: 10.1159/000538963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney transplantation is a definitive treatment for end-stage renal disease. It is associated with improved life expectancy and quality of life. One of the most common complications following kidney transplantation is graft rejection. To our knowledge, no previous study has identified rejection risk factors in kidney transplant recipients in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the specific risk factors of graft rejection. METHODS A multicenter case-control study was conducted at four transplant centers in Saudi Arabia. All adult patients who underwent a renal transplant between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2021 were screened for eligibility. Included patients were categorized into two groups (cases and control) based on the occurrence of biopsy-proven rejection within 2 years. The primary outcome was to determine the risk factors for rejection within the 2 years of transplant. Exact matching was utilized using a 1:4 ratio based on patients' age, gender, and transplant year. RESULTS Out of 1,320 screened renal transplant recipients, 816 patients were included. The overall prevalence of 2-year rejection was 13.9%. In bivariate analysis, deceased donor status, the presence of donor-specific antibody (DSA), intraoperative hypotension, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida, and any infection within 2 years were linked with an increased risk of 2-year rejection. However, in the logistic regression analysis, the presence of DSA was identified as a significant risk for 2-year rejection (adjusted OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.10, 6.49, p = 0.03). Furthermore, blood infection, infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or BK virus within 2 years of transplant, were associated with higher odds of 2-year rejection (adjusted OR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.48, 6.48, p = 0.003, adjusted OR: 3.23; 95% CI: 0.87, 11.97, p = 0.08 and adjusted OR: 2.76; 95% CI: 0.89, 8.48, p = 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings emphasize the need for appropriate prevention and management of infections following kidney transplantation to avoid more serious problems, such as rejection, which could significantly raise the likelihood of allograft failure and probably death. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to investigate the impact of serum chloride levels prior to transplant and intraoperative hypotension on the risk of graft rejection and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram M Alsulami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf E Al-Otaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Practices, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A Alshahrani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Critical Care Pharmacy Research (SCAPE) Platform, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Altheaby
- Solid Organ Transplant Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalefa M Al Thiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina I Alnajjar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Albekery
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem F Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Y Asiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaya N AlMohareb
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Aqeel Alsehli
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) - Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud T Binthuwaini
- College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Almagthali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah S Alwaily
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Y Alzahrani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fisal Alrohile
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan E Alqurashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Dr. Abdulrahman Bakhsh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alshareef
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Almarhabi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessah Alrashidi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad M Alamri
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal N Alnahari
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilal Mohsin
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser O Odah
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael T Habhab
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir A Alfi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa A Alhaidal
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah Alghwainm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al Sulaiman
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Critical Care Pharmacy Research (SCAPE) Platform, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Society for Multidisciplinary Research Development and Education (SCAPE Society), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Schapranow MP, Bayat M, Rasheed A, Naik M, Graf V, Schmidt D, Budde K, Cardinal H, Sapir-Pichhadze R, Fenninger F, Sherwood K, Keown P, Günther OP, Pandl KD, Leiser F, Thiebes S, Sunyaev A, Niemann M, Schimanski A, Klein T. NephroCAGE-German-Canadian Consortium on AI for Improved Kidney Transplantation Outcome: Protocol for an Algorithm Development and Validation Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e48892. [PMID: 38133915 PMCID: PMC10770792 DOI: 10.2196/48892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in hardware and software enabled the use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for analysis of complex data in a wide range of daily-life use cases. We aim to explore the benefits of applying AI to a specific use case in transplant nephrology: risk prediction for severe posttransplant events. For the first time, we combine multinational real-world transplant data, which require specific legal and technical protection measures. OBJECTIVE The German-Canadian NephroCAGE consortium aims to develop and evaluate specific processes, software tools, and methods to (1) combine transplant data of more than 8000 cases over the past decades from leading transplant centers in Germany and Canada, (2) implement specific measures to protect sensitive transplant data, and (3) use multinational data as a foundation for developing high-quality prognostic AI models. METHODS To protect sensitive transplant data addressing the first and second objectives, we aim to implement a decentralized NephroCAGE federated learning infrastructure upon a private blockchain. Our NephroCAGE federated learning infrastructure enables a switch of paradigms: instead of pooling sensitive data into a central database for analysis, it enables the transfer of clinical prediction models (CPMs) to clinical sites for local data analyses. Thus, sensitive transplant data reside protected in their original sites while the comparable small algorithms are exchanged instead. For our third objective, we will compare the performance of selected AI algorithms, for example, random forest and extreme gradient boosting, as foundation for CPMs to predict severe short- and long-term posttransplant risks, for example, graft failure or mortality. The CPMs will be trained on donor and recipient data from retrospective cohorts of kidney transplant patients. RESULTS We have received initial funding for NephroCAGE in February 2021. All clinical partners have applied for and received ethics approval as of 2022. The process of exploration of clinical transplant database for variable extraction has started at all the centers in 2022. In total, 8120 patient records have been retrieved as of August 2023. The development and validation of CPMs is ongoing as of 2023. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we will (1) combine kidney transplant data from nephrology centers in Germany and Canada, (2) implement federated learning as a foundation to use such real-world transplant data as a basis for the training of CPMs in a privacy-preserving way, and (3) develop a learning software system to investigate population specifics, for example, to understand population heterogeneity, treatment specificities, and individual impact on selected posttransplant outcomes. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/48892.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu-P Schapranow
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mozhgan Bayat
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aadil Rasheed
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marcel Naik
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Graf
- Geschäftsbereich IT, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danilo Schmidt
- Geschäftsbereich IT, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Héloïse Cardinal
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ruth Sapir-Pichhadze
- Division of Nephrology and Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Department of Medicine and Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Franz Fenninger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Sherwood
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Keown
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Konstantin D Pandl
- Department of Economics and Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Leiser
- Department of Economics and Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Scott Thiebes
- Department of Economics and Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ali Sunyaev
- Department of Economics and Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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4
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Hafeez MS, Awais SB, Razvi M, Bangash MH, Hsiou DA, Malik TH, Haq MU, Awan AAY, Rana AA. HLA mismatch is important for 20-year graft survival in kidney transplant patients. Transpl Immunol 2023; 80:101861. [PMID: 37302557 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) matching is gradually being omitted from clinical practice in evaluation for renal allograft transplant. While such practices may yield shorter wait times and adequate short-term outcomes, graft longevity in HLA mismatched patients remains unclear. This study aims to demonstrate that HLA matching may still play an important role in long-term graft survival. METHODS We identified patients undergoing an index kidney transplant in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) data from 1990 to 1999, with one-year graft survival. The primary outcome of the analysis was graft survival beyond 10 years. We explored the long-lasting impact of HLA mismatches by landmarking the analysis at established time points. RESULTS We identified 76,530 patients receiving renal transplants in the time frame, 23,914 from living donors and 52,616 from deceased donors. On multivariate analysis, more HLA mismatches were associated with worse graft survival beyond 10 years for both living and deceased donor allografts. HLA mismatch continued to remain an essential factor in the long term. CONCLUSIONS A greater number of HLA mismatches was associated with progressively worse long-term graft survival for patients. Our analysis reinforces the importance of HLA matching in the preoperative evaluation of renal allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Hafeez
- The Aga Khan University - Medical College, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Shehar Bano Awais
- The Aga Khan University - Medical College, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Razvi
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | | | - David A Hsiou
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Tahir Hafeez Malik
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, United States of America
| | - Muneeb Ul Haq
- The Aga Khan University - Medical College, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed A Y Awan
- Division of Nephrology and Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Abbas A Rana
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Akl A, Elshayeb M, Rahim MA, Refaie AF, Ghoneim MA. Evaluation of Antithymocyte Globulin Efficacy in Reversing Refractory Graft Rejection Using Retrospective Event-Based Sequential Graft Biopsy Analysis in Living Related Donor Renal Transplant. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2023; 21:428-433. [PMID: 37334690 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2023.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main risk factor for poor graft outcomes is refractory acute rejection and its consequences. In this study, we compared the efficacy of antithymocyte globulins versus other antirejection strategies in reversing refractory acute graft rejection after living donor renal transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 745 patients who received living-donor kidney transplants and experienced acute rejection episodes at Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center in Egypt over the past 20 years. Based on the type of antirejection medication that they received, we divided patients into 2 groups, with 80 patients in the antithymocyte globulin group and 665 patients who had other antirejection strategies. By using event-based sequential graft biopsy histopathology analysis, we compared the efficacy of antithymocyte globulins in reversing refractory rejection in terms of graft and patient complications and survival. RESULTS Patient survival was comparable in both groups; however, graft survival was better in the antithymocyte globulin group than in the other group; in addition, event-based sequential graft biopsies revealed a lower incidence of acute and chronic rejection episodes after treatment of severe acute rejection in the antithymocyte globulin group compared with the other group. Incidence of posttreatment complications, particularly infection and malignancy, was comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Our retrospective analysis of event-based sequential graft biopsy allowed us to track graft rejection resolution or worsening. Antithymocyte globulins are highly effective in reversing acute graft rejection when compared with other approaches, with no increased risk of infection or malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Akl
- From the Transplantation Unit, Nephrology Department Mansoura University, Egypt; and the Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Nascimento E, Filho AS, Lucas-Junior FDM, Jobim LFJ, Lasmar MF, Tavares-Filho HA, Fabreti-Oliveira RA. Remarkable 107-year-old kidney with a 49-year of long-term allograph survival through continuous azathioprine monotherapy. Transpl Immunol 2023; 78:101821. [PMID: 36921732 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main goal of kidney allograft transplantation is to improve survival in patients with end-stage kidney failure. Herein, we report a 49-year long-term allograft survival with non-identical human leukocyte antigens (HLA). The purpose of this study was to report the successful clinical outcome of 49 years of transplant survival in a 79-year-old patient with a 107-year-old kidney undergoing continued immunosuppressive monotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patient was evaluated clinically and immunologically with HLA typing and anti-HLA antibodies before transplantation. Post-transplant, the patient's clinical and immunological survival were monitored for 49 years. The state of the chimerism was assessed using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify 24 short tandem repeats using a DNA thermocycler and DNA analyzer. RESULTS The patient and donor were haploidentical and the patient was treated with azathioprine monotherapy. Donor-specific antibodies were detected only for the HLA-DPB1* 03:01 mismatch. This patient developed multiple skin tumors 26 years after transplant, which were successfully treated with topical therapy or surgical removal. The patient developed an intestinal adenocarcinoma 43 years after kidney transplantation, which was surgically removal; six years later, adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in a finger, followed by axillar and hepatic metastases. After 49 years of graft survival of a kidney of 107 years old in a patient with 79 years of age, the patient's health worsened with severe dehydration, anemia, and bacterial infection. The patient was hospitalized with a serum creatinine level of 3.45 mg/dL, urea level of 188 mg/dL, and estimated glomerular filtration rate of 22 mL/1.72 m2; septicemia developed and was treated with antibiotics. The patient had poor clinical progress, was intubated, and later died due to septic shock. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a 107-year-old kidney, transplanted into a recipient who was treated with azathioprine monotherapy for 49 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaldo Nascimento
- Clinical Hospital, Kidney Transplant Unit, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Faculty of the Hospital Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; IMUNOLAB - Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luiz F J Jobim
- Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Raquel A Fabreti-Oliveira
- IMUNOLAB - Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Niemann M, Matern BM, Spierings E. Snowflake: A deep learning-based human leukocyte antigen matching algorithm considering allele-specific surface accessibility. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937587. [PMID: 35967374 PMCID: PMC9372366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histocompatibility in solid-organ transplantation has a strong impact on long-term graft survival. Although recent advances in matching of both B-cell epitopes and T-cell epitopes have improved understanding of allorecognition, the immunogenic determinants are still not fully understood. We hypothesized that HLA solvent accessibility is allele-specific, thus supporting refinement of HLA B-cell epitope prediction. We developed a computational pipeline named Snowflake to calculate solvent accessibility of HLA Class I proteins for deposited HLA crystal structures, supplemented by constructed HLA structures through the AlphaFold protein folding predictor and peptide binding predictions of the APE-Gen docking framework. This dataset trained a four-layer long short-term memory bidirectional recurrent neural network, which in turn inferred solvent accessibility of all known HLA Class I proteins. We extracted 676 HLA Class-I experimental structures from the Protein Data Bank and supplemented it by 37 Class-I alleles for which structures were predicted. For each of the predicted structures, 10 known binding peptides as reported by the Immune Epitope DataBase were rendered into the binding groove. Although HLA Class I proteins predominantly are folded similarly, we found higher variation in root mean square difference of solvent accessibility between experimental structures of different HLAs compared to structures with identical amino acid sequence, suggesting HLA’s solvent accessible surface is protein specific. Hence, residues may be surface-accessible on e.g. HLA-A*02:01, but not on HLA-A*01:01. Mapping these data to antibody-verified epitopes as defined by the HLA Epitope Registry reveals patterns of (1) consistently accessible residues, (2) only subsets of an epitope’s residues being consistently accessible and (3) varying surface accessibility of residues of epitopes. Our data suggest B-cell epitope definitions can be refined by considering allele-specific solvent-accessibility, rather than aggregating HLA protein surface maps by HLA class or locus. To support studies on epitope analyses in organ transplantation, the calculation of donor-allele-specific solvent-accessible amino acid mismatches was implemented as a cloud-based web service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Niemann
- Research and Development, PIRCHE AG, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Matthias Niemann,
| | - Benedict M. Matern
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Spierings
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Tepel M, Nagarajah S, Saleh Q, Thaunat O, Bakker SJL, van den Born J, Karsdal MA, Genovese F, Rasmussen DGK. Pretransplant characteristics of kidney transplant recipients that predict posttransplant outcome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945288. [PMID: 35958571 PMCID: PMC9357871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Better characterization of the potential kidney transplant recipient using novel biomarkers, for example, pretransplant plasma endotrophin, will lead to improved outcome after transplantation. This mini-review will focus on current knowledge about pretransplant recipients’ characteristics, biomarkers, and immunology. Clinical characteristics of recipients including age, obesity, blood pressure, comorbidities, and estimated survival scores have been introduced for prediction of recipient and allograft survival. The pretransplant immunologic risk assessment include histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLAs), anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies, HLA-DQ mismatch, and non-HLA antibodies. Recently, there has been the hope that pretransplant determination of markers can further improve the prediction of posttransplant complications, both short-term and long-term outcomes including rejections, allograft loss, and mortality. Higher pretransplant plasma endotrophin levels were independently associated with posttransplant acute allograft injury in three prospective European cohorts. Elevated numbers of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism mismatch have been associated with increased allograft loss in a multivariable analysis. It is concluded that there is a need for integration of clinical characteristics and novel molecular and immunological markers to improve future transplant medicine to reach better diagnostic decisions tailored to the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tepel
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, and Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Martin Tepel,
| | - Subagini Nagarajah
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, and Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qais Saleh
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, and Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service de Transplantation, Néphrologie et Immunologie Clinique, Lyon, France
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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9
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Risk Factors of Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051392. [PMID: 35268482 PMCID: PMC8911293 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors influence graft rejection after kidney transplantation. Pre-operative factors affecting graft function and survival include donor and recipient characteristics such as age, gender, race, and immunologic compatibility. In addition, several peri- and post-operative parameters affect graft function and rejection, such as cold and warm ischemia times, and post-operative immunosuppressive treatment. Exposure to non-self-human leucocyte antigens (HLAs) prior to transplantation up-regulates the recipient’s immune system. A higher rate of acute rejection is observed in transplant recipients with a history of pregnancies or significant exposure to blood products because these patients have higher panel reactive antibody (PRA) levels. Identifying these risk factors will help physicians to reduce the risk of allograft rejection, thereby promoting graft survival. In the current review, we summarize the existing literature on donor- and recipient-related risk factors of graft rejection and graft loss following kidney transplantation.
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10
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Interleukin 37's role in promoting nerve repair and attenuating immune rejection of peripheral nerve xenografts in mice. Transpl Immunol 2022; 71:101550. [PMID: 35122956 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to explore the potential role of IL-37 in nerve repair and immune regulation in peripheral nerve xenograft hosts. Methods Rat nerve xenografts were transplanted into mouse recipients. Transplanted mice received an intraperitoneal injection of IL-37 on the day before transplantation, whereas control mice remained untreated. At postoperative 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the effects of IL-37 were examined on motor function, tissue morphology, and regenerative ability of xenograft nerves. Levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in serum and spleen were measured at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after nerve transplantation. Results At 12 postoperative weeks, grafted nerves grew well in IL-37 treatment group, as documented by the recovery in function of sciatic nerves compared to untreated controls. In particular, IL-37-treated mice showed more complete neuromorphology, thicker myelin sheath, compact structure, and the increased number of myelinated nerve fibers in histological examination. The number of T helper (Th)17 (CD3 + CD4 + IL-17+) and Th22 (CD3 + CD4 + IL-22+) cells in the spleen was reduced in the IL-37-treated group, as well as serum IL-17 and IL-22 were decreased after IL-37 treatment compared with the untreated group. Conclusions IL-37 attenuates immunomodulatory responses induced by xenografts, contributing to the recovery of nerve function and the prevention of muscle atrophy caused by nerve grafts.
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11
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Sherwood K, Tran J, Günther O, Lan J, Aiyegbusi O, Liwski R, Sapir-Pichhadze R, Bryan S, Caulfield T, Keown P. Genome Canada precision medicine strategy for structured national implementation of epitope matching in renal transplantation. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:264-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Peereboom ETM, Matern BM, Tomosugi T, Niemann M, Drylewicz J, Joosten I, Allebes WA, van der Meer A, Hilbrands LB, Baas MC, van Reekum FE, Verhaar MC, Kamburova EG, Seelen MAJ, Sanders JS, Hepkema BG, Lambeck AJ, Bungener LB, Roozendaal C, Tilanus MGJ, Voorter CE, Wieten L, van Duijnhoven EM, Gelens MACJ, Christiaans MHL, van Ittersum FJ, Nurmohamed A, Lardy NM, Swelsen W, van der Pant KA, van der Weerd NC, Ten Berge IJM, Bemelman FJ, de Vries APJ, de Fijter JW, Betjes MGH, Roelen DL, Claas FH, Otten HG, Heidt S, van Zuilen AD, Kobayashi T, Geneugelijk K, Spierings E. T-Cell Epitopes Shared Between Immunizing HLA and Donor HLA Associate With Graft Failure After Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:784040. [PMID: 34868064 PMCID: PMC8637278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T-helper cells play an important role in alloimmune reactions following transplantation by stimulating humoral as well as cellular responses, which might lead to failure of the allograft. CD4+ memory T-helper cells from a previous immunizing event can potentially be reactivated by exposure to HLA mismatches that share T-cell epitopes with the initial immunizing HLA. Consequently, reactivity of CD4+ memory T-helper cells toward T-cell epitopes that are shared between immunizing HLA and donor HLA could increase the risk of alloimmunity following transplantation, thus affecting transplant outcome. In this study, the amount of T-cell epitopes shared between immunizing and donor HLA was used as a surrogate marker to evaluate the effect of donor-reactive CD4+ memory T-helper cells on the 10-year risk of death-censored kidney graft failure in 190 donor/recipient combinations using the PIRCHE-II algorithm. The T-cell epitopes of the initial theoretical immunizing HLA and the donor HLA were estimated and the number of shared PIRCHE-II epitopes was calculated. We show that the natural logarithm-transformed PIRCHE-II overlap score, or Shared T-cell EPitopes (STEP) score, significantly associates with the 10-year risk of death-censored kidney graft failure, suggesting that the presence of pre-transplant donor-reactive CD4+ memory T-helper cells might be a strong indicator for the risk of graft failure following kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T M Peereboom
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Benedict M Matern
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Toshihide Tomosugi
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Kidney Diseases and Transplant Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | | | - Julia Drylewicz
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wil A Allebes
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Arnold van der Meer
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marije C Baas
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Franka E van Reekum
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elena G Kamburova
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marc A J Seelen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Stephan Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bouke G Hepkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Annechien J Lambeck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laura B Bungener
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Caroline Roozendaal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel G J Tilanus
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christien E Voorter
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elly M van Duijnhoven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle A C J Gelens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten H L Christiaans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Frans J van Ittersum
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Azam Nurmohamed
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neubury M Lardy
- Department of Immunogenetics/HLA Diagnostic, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wendy Swelsen
- Department of Immunogenetics/HLA Diagnostic, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijn A van der Pant
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neelke C van der Weerd
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ineke J M Ten Berge
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fréderike J Bemelman
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aiko P J de Vries
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan W de Fijter
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dave L Roelen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans H Claas
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Henny G Otten
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arjan D van Zuilen
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Renal Transplant Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kirsten Geneugelijk
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Spierings
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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13
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The Association between Peri-Transplant RBC Transfusion and Graft Failure after Kidney Transplantation: A Nationwide Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163750. [PMID: 34442041 PMCID: PMC8397181 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients undergoing kidney transplantation (KT) often receive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion during admission for KT which may increase the risk of allosensitization. The association between peri-transplant RBC transfusion and graft survival was evaluated using a nationwide cohort. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 13,871 patients who underwent KT in Korea between 2007 and 2015. The outcomes were graft failure rate and overall patient survival depending on the amount of RBC transfusion. Results: The overall graft failure rate was 15.5%. Compared to the graft failure rate of 13.5% in the no transfusion group, the graft failure rate was 15.4% in the 1–2 units group (sHR 1.06 (95% CI 0.97–1.17), p = 0.216), 21.4% in the 3–5 units group (sHR 1.39 (1.21–1.61), p < 0.001), and 35.3% in the 6 or more units group (sHR 2.20 (1.70–2.85), p < 0.001). The overall survival rate was 97.5% in the no transfusion group, compared to 95.9% in the 1–2 units group (HR 1.50 (1.22–1.83), p < 0.001), 92.0% in the 3–5 units group (HR 2.43 (1.87–3.15), p < 0.001), and 67.5% in the 6 or more units group (HR 6.81 (5.03–9.22), p < 0.001). Conclusions: Peri-transplant RBC transfusion was independently associated with the increased risk of renal allograft failure and death in KT patients.
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14
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Niemann M, Lachmann N, Geneugelijk K, Spierings E. Computational Eurotransplant kidney allocation simulations demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of T-cell epitope matching. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009248. [PMID: 34314431 PMCID: PMC8345832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The EuroTransplant Kidney Allocation System (ETKAS) aims at allocating organs to patients on the waiting list fairly whilst optimizing HLA match grades. ETKAS currently considers the number of HLA-A, -B, -DR mismatches. Evidently, epitope matching is biologically and clinically more relevant. We here executed ETKAS-based computer simulations to evaluate the impact of epitope matching on allocation and compared the strategies. A virtual population of 400,000 individuals was generated using the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) haplotype frequency dataset of 2011. Using this population, a waiting list of 10,400 patients was constructed and maintained during simulation, matching the 2015 Eurotransplant Annual Report characteristics. Unacceptable antigens were assigned randomly relative to their frequency using HLAMatchmaker. Over 22,600 kidneys were allocated in 10 years in triplicate using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations on 32-CPU-core cloud-computing instances. T-cell epitopes were calculated using the www.pirche.com portal. Waiting list effects were evaluated against ETKAS for five epitope matching scenarios. Baseline simulations of ETKAS slightly overestimated reported average HLA match grades. The best balanced scenario maintained prioritisation of HLA A-B-DR fully matched donors while replacing the HLA match grade by PIRCHE-II score and exchanging the HLA mismatch probability (MMP) by epitope MMP. This setup showed no considerable impact on kidney exchange rates and waiting time. PIRCHE-II scores improved, whereas the average HLA match grade diminishes slightly, yet leading to an improved estimated graft survival. We conclude that epitope-based matching in deceased donor kidney allocation is feasible while maintaining equal balances on the waiting list. Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for patients suffering permanent loss of kidney function. High degrees of histocompatibility between patients and organ donors improve long-term function of transplanted kidneys. In order to ensure fair access to transplantation whilst maximising utility of each donor kidney, organ allocation organizations established recipient waiting lists and well-balanced algorithms to allocate donors to patients. Changing the allocation algorithms requires careful consideration of side-effects to avoid disadvantages of certain groups of patients. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of modifying the existing Eurotransplant Kidney Allocation System (ETKAS) to incorporate indirect T-cell epitope matching, a novel technique for assessing functional histocompatibility. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations, we compared the modified allocation to the current algorithm and found an overall improvement of indirect T cell epitope compatibility. Simultaneously, we observed no negative impact on allocation fairness or waiting times. Our simulation framework may serve as a basis to evaluate further adjustments to ETKAS in the future. From our results, we conclude that epitope matching can be safely incorporated into ETKAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Lachmann
- Center for Tumor Medicine, H&I Laboratory, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eric Spierings
- Center of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Tambur AR, Kosmoliaptsis V, Claas FHJ, Mannon RB, Nickerson P, Naesens M. Significance of HLA-DQ in kidney transplantation: time to reevaluate human leukocyte antigen matching priorities to improve transplant outcomes? An expert review and recommendations. Kidney Int 2021; 100:1012-1022. [PMID: 34246656 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The weight of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching in kidney allocation algorithms, especially in the United States, has been devalued in a stepwise manner, supported by the introduction of modern immunosuppression. The intent was further to reduce the observed ethnic/racial disparity, as data emerged associating HLA matching with decreased access to transplantation for African American patients. In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that a leading cause of graft loss is chronic antibody-mediated rejection, attributed to the development of de novo antibodies against mismatched donor HLA expressed on the graft. These antibodies are most frequently against donor HLA-DQ molecules. Beyond their impact on graft survival, generation of de novo donor-specific HLA antibodies also leads to increased sensitization, as measured by panel-reactive antibody metrics. Consequently, access to transplantation for patients returning to the waitlist in need of a second transplant is compromised. Herein, we address the implications of reduced HLA matching policies in kidney allocation. We highlight the observed diminished outcome data, the significant financial burden, the long-term health consequences, and, more important, the unintended consequences. We further provide recommendations to examine the impact of donor-recipient HLA class II and specifically HLA-DQα1β1 mismatching, focusing on collection of appropriate data, application of creative simulation approaches, and reconsideration of best practices to reduce inequalities while optimizing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat R Tambur
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frans H J Claas
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roslyn B Mannon
- Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Peter Nickerson
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Petrus-Reurer S, Romano M, Howlett S, Jones JL, Lombardi G, Saeb-Parsy K. Immunological considerations and challenges for regenerative cellular therapies. Commun Biol 2021; 4:798. [PMID: 34172826 PMCID: PMC8233383 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The central goal of regenerative medicine is to replace damaged or diseased tissue with cells that integrate and function optimally. The capacity of pluripotent stem cells to produce unlimited numbers of differentiated cells is of considerable therapeutic interest, with several clinical trials underway. However, the host immune response represents an important barrier to clinical translation. Here we describe the role of the host innate and adaptive immune responses as triggers of allogeneic graft rejection. We discuss how the immune response is determined by the cellular therapy. Additionally, we describe the range of available in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches to examine the immunogenicity of cellular therapies, and finally we review potential strategies to ameliorate immune rejection. In conclusion, we advocate establishment of platforms that bring together the multidisciplinary expertise and infrastructure necessary to comprehensively investigate the immunogenicity of cellular therapies to ensure their clinical safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Petrus-Reurer
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco Romano
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Howlett
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Louise Jones
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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17
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Lemin AJ, Foster L. HLA-DPB1 allele frequencies in the West Midlands region of the United Kingdom: A critical evaluation against the common, intermediate and well-documented allele catalogues CWD 2.0.0, EFI CWD and CIWD 3.0.0. HLA 2021; 98:5-13. [PMID: 33934529 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Birmingham H&I laboratory performed HLA typing on 456 potential deceased solid organ donors in the UK between 2014 and 2016. Accurate DPB1 typing is essential for determining HLA compatibility in transplantation, thus we report HLA-DPB1 for potential deceased solid organ donors. To correctly interpret HLA typing data, laboratories must understand both international and local HLA allele frequencies. In this analysis, we determined HLA-DPB1 allele and genotype frequencies for these 456 donors. HLA-DPB1 diversity was evaluated against the common and well-documented (CWD) alleles 2.0.0 catalogue, the European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI) CWD catalogue and the common, intermediate and well-documented (CIWD) 3.0.0 catalogue. Additionally, we determined which alleles are common in our local deceased donor population. We observed 27 HLA-DPB1 alleles with DPB1*04:01 being the most frequently observed (allele frequency = 0.4342). All alleles detected locally were present in CIWD 3.0.0, however, DPB1*124:01 and *135:01 were not present in CWD 2.0.0 and DPB1*104:01 and *135:01 were not present in EFI CWD. Twenty of 27 DPB1 alleles identified were defined as locally common and also listed as common in CIWD 3.0.0 representing 62.5% of common alleles in the subset of CIWD 3.0.0 from individuals of a European geographic, ancestral or ethnic background. The alleles HLA-DPB1*16:01 and *20:01 are locally common but not listed as common in EFI CWD and DPB1*104:01 is not listed as common in CWD 2.0.0 catalogue. Our analysis showed that the detected alleles and locally common alleles within our population were aligned with the CIWD 3.0.0 catalogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew James Lemin
- Department of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, NHS Blood and Transplant, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luke Foster
- Department of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, NHS Blood and Transplant, Birmingham, UK
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18
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de Groot NG, Heijmans CMC, Bezstarosti S, Bruijnesteijn J, Haasnoot GW, Mulder A, Claas FHJ, Heidt S, Bontrop RE. Two Human Monoclonal HLA-Reactive Antibodies Cross-React with Mamu-B*008, a Rhesus Macaque MHC Allotype Associated with Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1957-1965. [PMID: 33692147 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MHC class I molecules play an important role in adaptive immune responses against intracellular pathogens. These molecules are highly polymorphic, and many allotypes have been characterized. In a transplantation setting, a mismatch between MHC allotypes may initiate an alloimmune response. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, Mamu) are valuable as a preclinical model species in transplantation research as well as to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vaccine candidates. In both lines of research, the availability of nonhuman primate MHC-reactive mAbs may enable in vitro monitoring and detection of presence of particular Mamu molecules. In this study, we screened a collection of thoroughly characterized HLA class I-specific human mAbs for cross-reactivity with rhesus macaque MHC class I allotypes. Two mAbs, OK4F9 and OK4F10, recognize an epitope that is defined by isoleucine (I) at amino acid position 142 that is present on the Indian rhesus macaque Mamu-B*008:01 allotype, which is an allotype known to be associated with elite control of SIV replication. The reactive pattern of a third mAb, MUS4H4, is more complex and includes an epitope shared on Mamu-A2*05:01 and -B*001:01-encoded Ags. This is the first description, to our knowledge, of human HLA-reactive mAbs that can recognize Mamu allotypes, and these can be useful tools for in vitro monitoring the presence of the relevant allelic products. Moreover, OK4F9 and OK4F10 can be powerful mAbs for application in SIV-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja G de Groot
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands;
| | - Corrine M C Heijmans
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Bezstarosti
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jesse Bruijnesteijn
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Geert W Haasnoot
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Arend Mulder
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Frans H J Claas
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Ronald E Bontrop
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands.,Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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19
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Assis BPS, Lasmar MF, Fabreti-Oliveira RA, Araujo SA, Oliveira J, Wanderley DC, Nascimento E. An open-label randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of everolimus versus tacrolimus in triple maintenance immunosuppressive therapy for kidney transplant patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e9369. [PMID: 33681893 PMCID: PMC7931813 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC), a calcineurin inhibitor, and everolimus (EVL), an mTOR inhibitor, have been used as immunosuppressive (ISS) drugs in post-kidney transplantation therapy. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of EVL vs TAC in the ISS maintenance triple therapy. Ninety-seven kidney transplant patients, who received triple maintenance therapy with TAC, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and methyl prednisone (PRED), were evaluated. After four months of post-kidney transplant therapy, 30 patients enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial, in which 16 patients received TAC+MMF+PRED (cohort 1), and 14 patients switched to EVL+MMF+PRED (cohort 2). The patients were followed-up for 36 months. Two patients from cohort 1 lost their grafts after one year due to non-adherence. Two patients from cohort 2 had intolerance to mTOR inhibitors and were switched back to TAC from EVL. One case (6.25%) in cohort 1 and three cases (21.43%) in cohort 2 of acute T-cell-mediated rejection was observed. Antibody-mediated acute rejection (ABMAR) was observed in four patients (25.0%) in cohort 1, and antibody-mediated chronic rejection (ABMCR) was observed in two patients (12.50%). One patient from cohort 2 lost the graft after 15 months due to polyomavirus infection. The graft survival rate was 87.50% in cohort 1 and 92.86% in cohort 2. This clinical trial showed that the EVL+MMF+PRED triple maintenance therapy was efficacious compared with TAC during 32 months of follow-up. However, further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this regimen for long-term graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P S Assis
- Hospital Universitário da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - M F Lasmar
- Hospital Universitário da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - R A Fabreti-Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,IMUNOLAB Ltda - Laboratório de Histocompatibilidade, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - S A Araujo
- Instituto de Nefropatologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - J Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - D C Wanderley
- Instituto de Nefropatologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - E Nascimento
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,IMUNOLAB Ltda - Laboratório de Histocompatibilidade, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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20
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Unterrainer C, Döhler B, Niemann M, Lachmann N, Süsal C. Can PIRCHE-II Matching Outmatch Traditional HLA Matching? Front Immunol 2021; 12:631246. [PMID: 33717167 PMCID: PMC7952296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed in a cohort of 68,606 first deceased donor kidney transplantations reported to the Collaborative Transplant Study whether an epitope-based matching of donor-recipient pairs using the Predicted Indirectly ReCognizable HLA Epitopes algorithm (PIRCHE-II) is superior to currently applied HLA antigen matching. PIRCHE-II scores were calculated based on split antigen HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 typing and adjusted to the 0–6 range of HLA mismatches. PIRCHE-II scores correlated strongly with the number of HLA mismatches (Spearman ρ = 0.65, P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses both parameters were found to be significant predictors of 5-year death-censored graft loss with high prognostic power [hazard ratio (HR) per adjusted PIRCHE-II score = 1.102, per HLA mismatch = 1.095; z-value PIRCHE-II: 9.8, HLA: 11.2; P < 0.001 for both]. When PIRCHE-II scores and HLA mismatches were analyzed simultaneously, their predictive power decreased but remained significant (PIRCHE-II: P = 0.002; HLA: P < 0.001). Influence of PIRCHE-II was especially strong in presensitized and influence of HLA mismatches in non-sensitized recipients. If the level of HLA-incompatibility was low (0–3 mismatches), PIRCHE-II scores showed a low impact on graft survival (HR = 1.031) and PIRCHE-II matching did not have additional significant benefit (P = 0.10). However, if the level of HLA-incompatibility was high (4–6 mismatches), PIRCHE-II improved the positive impact of matching compared to applying the traditional HLA matching alone (HR = 1.097, P = 0.005). Our results suggest that the PIRCHE-II score is useful and can be included into kidney allocation algorithms in addition to HLA matching; however, at the resolution level of HLA typing that is currently used for allocation it cannot fully replace traditional HLA matching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Döhler
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nils Lachmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, HLA-Laboratory, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caner Süsal
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Kim JY, Choi MC, Kim DH, Ko Y, Lim SJ, Jung JH, Kwon H, Kim YH, Shin S, Han DJ. Outcomes of Living-Donor Kidney Transplantation in Female Recipients with Possible Pregnancy-Related Pre-Sensitization According to Donor Relationship. Ann Transplant 2020; 25:e925229. [PMID: 33154345 PMCID: PMC7653973 DOI: 10.12659/aot.925229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that pregnancy is an immune-sensitizing event, female kidney transplant recipients who receive allografts from their offspring or husbands may have a higher risk of rejection and graft failure due to pre-sensitization acquired during pregnancy or childbirth. We investigated the association between donor relatedness (i.e., offspring, husband, unrelated) and graft survival among female living-donor kidney transplant (LDKT) recipients with pregnancy histories. MATERIAL AND METHODS From January 2009 to January 2018, a total of 2060 LDKTs were performed at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. After excluding HLA-incompatible transplantation, re-transplantation, and those without a clear history of childbirth, 390 female recipients were included and categorized into group I (offspring-to-mother, n=175), group II (husband-to-wife, n=159), and group III (unrelated, n=56). The primary endpoint was biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) and graft survival. We also evaluated delayed graft function (DGF), death-censored graft failure, and mortality. RESULTS Group I had the lowest number of HLA mismatches (p<0.001), and group II had the highest number of ABO-incompatible transplantations (p=0.005). At 5 years after transplant, graft survival and death-censored graft survival did not significantly differ among the 3 groups (graft survival: 96.0% vs. 95.5% vs. 93.3%, p=0.685; death-censored graft survival: 98.3% vs. 97.5% vs. 100%, p=0.732). Five-year BPAR-free survival showed no significant differences among the 3 groups (88.6 vs. 88.7 vs. 88.6%, p=0.842). Group II had the highest rate of clinical rejection (p=0.103) and DGF (p=0.174), but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Female LDKT recipients with possible pregnancy-related pre-sensitization who received grafts from offspring or husbands did not show significantly worse clinical outcomes than those who received grafts from unrelated donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Yeon Kim
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mun Chae Choi
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmin Ko
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Jun Lim
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Hee Jung
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunwook Kwon
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Shin
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duck Jong Han
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Echterdiek F, Latus J, Döhler B, Schwenger V, Süsal C. Impact of HLA compatibility in recipients of kidneys from expanded criteria donors: A Collaborative Transplant Study Report. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 48:201-210. [PMID: 32945128 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to a widespread organ shortage, the use of expanded criteria donors (ECDs) in kidney transplantation has increased persistently, reaching approximately 40% in recent years. Whether human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matching between donor and recipient should be part of allocation algorithms in transplantation of ECD kidneys, and especially of ECD kidneys from ≥70-year-old donors, is still in question. To this end, 135,529 kidney transplantations performed between 2000 and 2017 and reported to the Collaborative Transplant Study were analysed and the impact of HLA-A+B+DR mismatches on death-censored graft and patient survival as well as on rejection episodes was investigated. Results were stratified according to donor status (standard criteria donor (SCD) versus ECD) and age of ECD. HLA incompatibility increased the five-year death-censored graft failure risk similarly strong in recipients of ECD and SCD transplants (hazard ratio (HR) per HLA mismatch 1.078 and 1.075, respectively; p < .001 for both). Its impact on rejection treatments during the first post-transplant year was also significant but slightly weaker for recipients of ECD transplants (risk ratio (RR) per HLA mismatch 1.10 for ECD transplants and 1.13 for SCD transplants; p < .001 for both). Mortality increased gradually from zero to six HLA mismatches in recipients of SCD transplants, whereas for ECD transplants a significant increase was notable only from zero to more than zero mismatches. A significant but slightly less pronounced impact of HLA incompatibility on graft failure was observed in transplants from ≥70- compared with <70-year-old ECDs (HR per mismatch 1.047 and 1.093; p = .009 and < 0.001, respectively). The influence of HLA mismatches on rejection treatments was the same for both ECD age groups (RR = 1.10, p < .001 and p = .004, respectively). Our data indicate that HLA matching should be part of allocation algorithms not only in transplantation of kidneys from SCDs but also from ECDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Echterdiek
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Stuttgart - Katharinenhospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joerg Latus
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Stuttgart - Katharinenhospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernd Döhler
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vedat Schwenger
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Stuttgart - Katharinenhospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Caner Süsal
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Gerbase-DeLima M, de Marco R, Monteiro F, Tedesco-Silva H, Medina-Pestana JO, Mine KL. Impact of Combinations of Donor and Recipient Ages and Other Factors on Kidney Graft Outcomes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:954. [PMID: 32528472 PMCID: PMC7256929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As the availability of kidneys for transplantation continues to be outpaced by its growing demand, there has been an increasing utilization of older deceased donors in the last decades. Considering that definition of factors that influence deceased donor kidney transplant outcomes is important for allocation policies, as well as for individualization of post-transplant care, the purpose of this study was determine the risks for death censored graft survival and for patient survival conferred by older age of the donor in the context of the age of the recipient and of risk factors for graft and/or patient survival. The investigation was conducted in a single-center cohort of 5,359 consecutive first kidney transplants with adult deceased donors performed on non-prioritized adult recipients from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2017. Death censored graft survival and patient survival were lower in older donors, whereas graft survival was higher and patient survival was lower in old recipients. The analyses of combinations of donor and recipient ages showed that death censored graft survival was lower in younger recipients in transplants from 18 to 59-year old donors, with standard or extended criteria, but no difference in graft survival was observed between younger and older recipients when the donor was ≥ 60-year old. Patient survival was higher in younger recipients in transplants with younger or older donors. Two to six HLA-A,B,DR mismatches, when compared to 0-1 MM, conferred risk for death-censored graft survival only in transplants from younger donors to younger recipients. Pre-transplant diabetes conferred risk for patient survival only in 50–59-year old recipients, irrespectively, of the age of the donor. Time on dialysis ≥ 10 years was a risk factor for patient survival in transplants with all donor-recipient age combinations, except in recipients with ≥ 60 years that received a kidney from an 18–49-year old donor. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study underline the importance of analyzing the impact of the age of the donor taking into consideration different scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gerbase-DeLima
- Instituto de Imunogenética, Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato de Marco
- Instituto de Imunogenética, Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José O Medina-Pestana
- Hospital do Rim, Fundação Oswaldo Ramos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina L Mine
- Instituto de Imunogenética, Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Bisigniano L, Tagliafichi V, Antik A. Validation of the Kidney Donor Profile Index in Argentina. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:1049-1052. [PMID: 32217013 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI), derived from donor characteristics, was developed in the United States in an effort to devise an objective means of assessing donor organ suitability based on predicted graft survival. The objective of this study is to analyze the utility of KDPI to predict renal graft survival in Argentina. We conducted a retrospective national cohort study of adult patients who received a deceased donor renal transplantation in Argentina between January 2008 and December 2017. The graft survival was estimated according to the KDPI stratified by quartiles. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate survival. A Cox regression was performed to estimate the probability of graft loss for each quart of the KDPI adjusted by receptor variables (age, diabetes, sex, and dialysis time) and cold ischemia time. In a Kaplan-Meier analysis, the graft survival decreases as the quartile of KDPI increases. Multivariate analysis shows that the increase in KDPI quartile and recipient's characteristics-such as age ≥60 years, diabetes, and dialysis time-were related to the probability of graft loss. In conclusion, the KDPI system could provide a guide to objectively assess the quality of organs offered for transplantation in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Bisigniano
- Department of Scientific and Technical Direction, Instituto Nacional Central Único Coordinador de Ablación e Implante (INCUCAI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Tagliafichi
- Department of Scientific and Technical Direction, Instituto Nacional Central Único Coordinador de Ablación e Implante (INCUCAI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Antik
- Department of Scientific and Technical Direction, Instituto Nacional Central Único Coordinador de Ablación e Implante (INCUCAI), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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25
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Prolonged Cold Ischemia Time Offsets the Benefit of Human Leukocyte Antigen Matching in Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:807-814. [PMID: 32088062 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consequences of prolonging cold ischemia time (CIT) to facilitate HLA matching in kidney transplantation are not known. METHODS Patients with a history of kidney transplant in the United States (2000-2016) with 0 HLA mismatch (MM) were categorized based on CIT (< 10; 10 to < 15; 15 to < 20; 20 to < 25; 25 to < 30; and ≥ 30 hours). Time to graft loss was compared for each CIT category to a reference group of individuals with > 0 HLA MM and short CIT (< 10 hours) using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The adjusted risk of graft failure was significantly lower for 0 HLA MM with the shortest CIT compared to the reference group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.94), and this survival advantage persisted to a threshold of < 20 hours of CIT. No survival advantage was observed for the 0 HLA MM group once CIT was > 20 hours. This trend persisted after excluding highly sensitized recipients (panel reactive antibody > 98%) where shipping of organs occurs to achieve more equitable access to organs rather than optimize HLA match. CONCLUSIONS CIT > 20 hours offsets the benefit of 0 HLA MM in kidney transplantation. This may have implications in organ shipping to facilitate immunologic match.
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26
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Assfalg V, Selig K, Tolksdorf J, Meel M, Vries E, Ramsoebhag A, Rahmel A, Renders L, Novotny A, Matevossian E, Schneeberger S, Rosenkranz AR, Berlakovich G, Ysebaert D, Knops N, Kuypers D, Weekers L, Muehlfeld A, Rump L, Hauser I, Pisarski P, Weimer R, Fornara P, Fischer L, Kliem V, Sester U, Stippel D, Arns W, Hau H, Nitschke M, Hoyer J, Thorban S, Weinmann‐Menke J, Heller K, Banas B, Schwenger V, Nadalin S, Lopau K, Hüser N, Heemann U. Repeated kidney re‐transplantation—the Eurotransplant experience: a retrospective multicenter outcome analysis. Transpl Int 2020; 33:617-631. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Kumru Sahin G, Unterrainer C, Süsal C. Critical evaluation of a possible role of HLA epitope matching in kidney transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2020; 34:100533. [PMID: 32007300 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2020.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching is one of the cornerstones of organ allocation in deceased-donor kidney transplantation. Increased numbers of HLA allele mismatches are associated with a higher risk of immunological rejection, de novo donor-specific HLA antibody development and graft failure. HLA epitopes are defined as the specific portions of HLA molecules to which antibodies and T-cell receptors bind with their paratopes. The same epitope can be present on different HLA alleles. Therefore, HLA matching at the epitope instead of allele level theoretically offers a more precise assessment of donor-recipient HLA compatibility and may more effectively prevent sensitization against foreign tissue. In this review, we describe the different options proposed to define clinically relevant HLA epitopes and critically discuss the potential role of HLA epitope matching in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Kumru Sahin
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Caner Süsal
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Geneugelijk K, Spierings E. PIRCHE-II: an algorithm to predict indirectly recognizable HLA epitopes in solid organ transplantation. Immunogenetics 2019; 72:119-129. [PMID: 31741009 PMCID: PMC6971131 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-019-01140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches between donors and recipients may lead to alloreactivity after solid organ transplantation. Over the last few decades, our knowledge of the complexity of the HLA system has dramatically increased, as numerous new HLA alleles have been identified. As a result, the likelihood of alloreactive responses towards HLA mismatches after solid organ transplantation cannot easily be assessed. Algorithms are promising solutions to estimate the risk for alloreactivity after solid organ transplantation. In this review, we show that the recently developed PIRCHE-II (Predicted Indirectly ReCognizable HLA Epitopes) algorithm can be used to minimize alloreactivity towards HLA mismatches. Together with the use of other algorithms and simulation approaches, the PIRCHE-II algorithm aims for a better estimated alloreactive risk for individual patients and eventually an improved graft survival after solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Geneugelijk
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eric Spierings
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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29
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Predicting kidney transplant outcomes with partial knowledge of HLA mismatch. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20339-20345. [PMID: 31548419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911281116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider prediction of graft survival when a kidney from a deceased donor is transplanted into a recipient, with a focus on the variation of survival with degree of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch. Previous studies have used data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) to predict survival conditional on partial characterization of HLA mismatch. Whereas earlier studies assumed proportional hazards models, we used nonparametric regression methods. These do not make the unrealistic assumption that relative risks are invariant as a function of time since transplant, and hence should be more accurate. To refine the predictions possible with partial knowledge of HLA mismatch, it has been suggested that HaploStats statistics on the frequencies of haplotypes within specified ethnic/national populations be used to impute complete HLA types. We counsel against this, showing that it cannot improve predictions on average and sometimes yields suboptimal transplant decisions. We show that the HaploStats frequency statistics are nevertheless useful when combined appropriately with the SRTR data. Analysis of the ecological inference problem shows that informative bounds on graft survival probabilities conditional on refined HLA typing are achievable by combining SRTR and HaploStats data with immunological knowledge of the relative effects of mismatch at different HLA loci.
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30
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Lasmar MF, Dutra RS, Nogueira-Machado JA, Fabreti-Oliveira RA, Siqueira RG, Nascimento E. Effects of immunotherapy induction on outcome and graft survival of kidney-transplanted patients with different immunological risk of rejection. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:314. [PMID: 31409321 PMCID: PMC6693276 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In kidney transplantation, immunotherapy with thymoglobulin (rATG) has been used to down-regulate the patient immune system. rATG is a powerful immunobiologic drug used to deplete lymphocytes to prevent early acute rejection. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of immunotherapy by rATG on graft suvival during a 9-year period in kidney-transplanted patients with different immunological profiles. METHODS A sample of 469 patients were allocated into four groups (G) based on immunological risk of rejection: G1, low risk, not sensitized recipients, solid-phase immunoassay with single antigen beads (SPI-SAB) < 10%; G2, medium risk I, sensitized recipients, SPI-SAB ≥ 10 < 50%; G3, medium risk II sensitized (SPI-SAB ≥50%); and G4, high risk, sensitized recipients, SPI-SAB- donor-specific antibody positive (DSA+). Only patients from G3 and G4 received immunotherapy. RESULTS Of 255 patients who received a kidney from a living donor (LD), 42 (16.47%) from all groups (G) had T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) and four (G1) lost their grafts, 8 (3.14%) had antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), and two lost their graft in G1 and G4. Of 214 patients who received a kidney from deceased donors (DD), 37 (17.29%) had TCMR with one lost graft in G1. AMR was shown in 13 (6.07%) patients, with three losses observed in G2. Statistical differences between the groups in the 9-year graft survival rate were found only in the comparison of G1 versus G2 (P = 0.005) and G2 versus G4 (P = 0.047) for DD. For LD, no statistical differences were found. CONCLUSION This clinical retrospective study shows that immunotherapy induction was associated with improvement of outcomes, graft function, and survival in patients treated with immunotherapy in comparison with patients who did not received induction therapy. These findings strongly suggest that immunotherapy should be used for all patients transplanted with kidneys from deceased donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Faria Lasmar
- University Hospital of the Faculty of Medical Science, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state Brazil
- Institute of Research and Education of the Hospital Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state Brazil
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Santana Dutra
- University Hospital of the Faculty of Medical Science, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state Brazil
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State Brazil
| | | | - Raquel A. Fabreti-Oliveira
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State Brazil
- IMUNOLAB – Laboratory of Histocompatibility, Minas Gerais state, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Evaldo Nascimento
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State Brazil
- IMUNOLAB – Laboratory of Histocompatibility, Minas Gerais state, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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31
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Kasimatis E, Fylaktou A, Karampatakis T, Schoina M, Zarras C, Anastasiou A, Papachristou M, Boukla A, Daoudaki M, Fouzas I, Papagianni A. Human Leukocyte Antigen Compatibility and De Novo Donor-Specific Antibodies in Long-term Renal Transplant Patients With Stable Graft Function. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:413-415. [PMID: 30879554 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE De novo donor-specific antibodies (DSA) are associated with antibody-mediated rejection leading to late renal transplant failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether HLA compatibility is associated with sensitization along with other risk factors. METHODS Eighty-nine stable renal transplant recipients (47 men) were studied. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to HLA compatibility between donor and recipient, group A (1-4/8 matches) and group B (5-8/8 matches). Cold ischemia time (CIT) and delayed graft function (DGF) were recorded along with time with a functional graft. Anti-HLA antibodies were detected using a Luminex single-antigen bead assay and were further classified into DSA and non-DSA. RESULTS HLA group A consisted of 49 (56%) transplant recipients while 38 (44%) were classified to group B, with functional grafts for 10.9 ± 6.7 and 14.8 ± 8.5 years, respectively (P = .019). Group A patients had more anti-HLA antibodies than group Β (P = .001) and this correlation was retained for DSA patients. De novo anti-HLA were detected in 40 patients; DSA were detected in 19 (21.8%). DSA (+) patients had recorded with functional renal grafts for 11 ± 5 years, compared to 14.4 ± 8.6 years (P = .048) for anti-HLA negative patients. Increased CIT and DGF were associated with anti-HLA antibodies detection but no with DSA. CONCLUSION HLA compatibility is probably correlated with DSA in a context of a more general anti-HLA sensitization, and both have a negative effect on long-term renal graft outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kasimatis
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - A Fylaktou
- National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Immunology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T Karampatakis
- National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Immunology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Schoina
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Zarras
- National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Immunology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Anastasiou
- National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Immunology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Papachristou
- National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Immunology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Boukla
- National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Immunology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Daoudaki
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Aristotle University Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Fouzas
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Aristotle University Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Papagianni
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Stepkowski SM, Mierzejewska B, Fumo D, Bekbolsynov D, Khuder S, Baum CE, Brunner RJ, Kopke JE, Rees SE, Smith C, Ashlagi I, Roth AE, Rees MA. The 6-year clinical outcomes for patients registered in a multiregional United States Kidney Paired Donation program - a retrospective study. Transpl Int 2019; 32:839-853. [PMID: 30848501 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined what happened during a 6-year period to 1121 end-stage renal disease patients who registered with their willing/incompatible living donors for kidney exchanges with the Alliance for Paired Donation (APD). Of all patients, 65% were transplanted: 37% in kidney paired donation (APD-KPD, APD-other-KPD); 10% with compatible live donors (APD-LD); and 18% with deceased donors (APD-DD). The remaining patients were withdrawn (sick/died/others; 15%), or were still waiting (20%). For those patients with a cPRA 0-94%, 72% received a transplant. In contrast, only 49% of very highly sensitized (VHS; cPRA 95-100%) were transplanted. Of the VHS patients, 50% were transplanted by KPD/APD-LD while 50% benefited through prioritization of deceased donors in the modified kidney allocation system (KAS introduced in 2014). All APD transplanted groups had similar death-censored 4-year graft survivals as their relevant Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) groups. It is noteworthy that VHS graft and patient survival results were comparable to less sensitized and nonsensitized patients. All patients should be encouraged to search for compatible donors through different options. Expanding the donor pool through KPD and the new KAS of the OPTN increases the likelihood of transplantation for VHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw M Stepkowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA.,The Alliance for Paired Donation, Maumee, OH, USA
| | - Beata Mierzejewska
- The Alliance for Paired Donation, Maumee, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - David Fumo
- Department of Urology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Dulat Bekbolsynov
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sadik Khuder
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Caitlin E Baum
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Robert J Brunner
- Department of Urology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Susan E Rees
- The Alliance for Paired Donation, Maumee, OH, USA
| | - Connie Smith
- The Alliance for Paired Donation, Maumee, OH, USA
| | - Itai Ashlagi
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alvin E Roth
- Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Rees
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA.,The Alliance for Paired Donation, Maumee, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
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Gonzalez-Galarza FF, McCabe A, Melo Dos Santos EJ, Takeshita L, Ghattaoraya G, Jones AR, Middleton D. Allele Frequency Net Database. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1802:49-62. [PMID: 29858801 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8546-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The allele frequency net database (AFND, http://www.allelefrequencies.net ) is an online web-based repository that contains information on the frequencies of immune-related genes and their corresponding alleles in worldwide human populations. At present, the system contains data from 1505 populations in more than ten million individuals on the frequency of genes from different polymorphic regions including data for the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) system. This resource has been widely used in a variety of contexts such as histocompatibility, immunology, epidemiology, pharmacogenetics, and population genetics, among many others. In this chapter, we present some of the more commonly used searching mechanisms and some of the most recent developments included in AFND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faviel F Gonzalez-Galarza
- Department of Molecular Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico.
| | - Antony McCabe
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eduardo J Melo Dos Santos
- Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Louise Takeshita
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Andrew R Jones
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Derek Middleton
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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34
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Jon van Rood: The pioneer and his personal view on the early developments of HLA and immunogenetics. Transpl Immunol 2019; 52:1-26. [PMID: 30611771 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A single observation in a patient with an unusual transfusion reaction led to a life-long fascination with immunogenetics, and a strong wish to improve the care for patients needing a transplantation. In 2017, Jon van Rood, one of the pioneers in the field of HLA and immunogenetics of transplantation, passed away. Several obituaries have appeared describing some of the highlights of his career. However, the details of the early developments leading among others to the routine use of HLA as an important parameter for donor selection in organ- and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are largely unknown to the community. After his retirement as Chair of the Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion (IHB) in 1991, Jon van Rood wrote regularly in the "Crosstalk", the departmental journal, and gave his personal view on the history of the discovery and implications of HLA. These autobiographic descriptions were originally written in Dutch and have been translated, while texts from other sources and the relevant references have been added to illustrate the historical perspective. This special issue of Transplant Immunology combines the autobiographic part, Jon's own version of the history, with other facts of his scientific life and the impact of his findings on the field of clinical transplantation. Hopefully, this knowledge of the history will be of benefit for future developments in transplantation immunology.
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35
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Desensitisation strategies in high-risk children before kidney transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:2239-2251. [PMID: 29332219 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation is the preferred modality for renal replacement therapy in children. With increasing rates of re-transplantation within the paediatric population, there are more sensitised children on waiting lists. One issue with developing strategies to treat these children is the number of different definitions of sensitisation. and we would therefore recommend an immunological risk stratification approach. METHODS We discuss methods of sensitisation prevention, assessment and management, including paired exchange programmes and desensitisation protocols. RESULTS There are limited published evidence-based data for desensitisation in adults and none in children; thus, we present information on the available therapies currently in use. DISCUSSION Further research is required to investigate strategies which prevent sensitisation in children, including the healthcare utility of incorporating epitope-based matching into organ allocation algorithms. Controlled studies are also needed to establish the most appropriate desensitisation regimen(s).
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36
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Habets THPM, Hepkema BG, Kouprie N, Schnijderberg MCA, van Smaalen TC, Bungener LB, Christiaans MHL, Bos GMJ, Vanderlocht J. The prevalence of antibodies against the HLA-DRB3 protein in kidney transplantation and the correlation with HLA expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203381. [PMID: 30192820 PMCID: PMC6128541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB3 is a functional HLA class II gene, which has a limited allele diversity in the human population. Furthermore, the HLA-DRB3 gene is only present in a subset of individuals. Therefore, in organ transplantation, this HLA molecule is frequently mismatched between patient and graft donor and thus antibodies against this mismatched HLA molecule can develop. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and reactivity of these antibodies and aimed to identify factors that underlie antibody formation against HLA-DRB3. We showed in our patient cohort that HLA-DRB3 antibodies are identified in about 7% of all patients that were screened with solid phase assays. In these assays, we observed multiple antibody reactivity patterns indicating that HLA-DRB3 harbours multiple epitopes. In those cases, where we succeeded at tracing back the induction of these antibodies to the molecular HLA typing of the immunogenic event, we noticed a different frequency of HLA-DRB1 allele groups in the donors as compared to a control group. To a certain extent this distribution (e.g. HLA-DRB1*11 individuals) could be linked to an altered expression level. However, it also appears that different HLA-DRB3 alleles (e.g. HLA-DRB3*01 group) vary in their immunogenicity without having an expression difference. In conclusion, our study provides information on the immunogenicity and reactivity patterns of antibodies against HLA-DRB3 in kidney transplantation, and it points towards the possibility of HLA expression as a factor underlying antibody formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. P. M. Habets
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bouke G. Hepkema
- Transplantation Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Kouprie
- Transplantation Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie C. A. Schnijderberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim C. van Smaalen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura B. Bungener
- Transplantation Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten H. L. Christiaans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard M. J. Bos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CiMaas BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Vanderlocht
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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37
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Baranwal AK, Singh YP, Mehra NK. Should We Revisit HLA Matching to Improve Long-Term Graft Outcomes? CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-018-0201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Kamburova EG, Wisse BW, Joosten I, Allebes WA, van der Meer A, Hilbrands LB, Baas MC, Spierings E, Hack CE, van Reekum FE, van Zuilen AD, Verhaar MC, Bots ML, Drop ACAD, Plaisier L, Seelen MAJ, Sanders JS.F, Hepkema BG, Lambeck AJA, Bungener LB, Roozendaal C, Tilanus MGJ, Voorter CE, Wieten L, van Duijnhoven EM, Gelens M, Christiaans MHL, van Ittersum FJ, Nurmohamed SA, Lardy NM, Swelsen W, van der Pant KA, van der Weerd NC, ten Berge IJM, Bemelman FJ, Hoitsma A, van der Boog PJM, de Fijter JW, Betjes MGH, Heidt S, Roelen DL, Claas FH, Otten HG. Differential effects of donor-specific HLA antibodies in living versus deceased donor transplant. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:2274-2284. [PMID: 29464832 PMCID: PMC6175247 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The presence of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSAs) is associated with increased risk of graft failure after kidney transplant. We hypothesized that DSAs against HLA class I, class II, or both classes indicate a different risk for graft loss between deceased and living donor transplant. In this study, we investigated the impact of pretransplant DSAs, by using single antigen bead assays, on long-term graft survival in 3237 deceased and 1487 living donor kidney transplants with a negative complement-dependent crossmatch. In living donor transplants, we found a limited effect on graft survival of DSAs against class I or II antigens after transplant. Class I and II DSAs combined resulted in decreased 10-year graft survival (84% to 75%). In contrast, after deceased donor transplant, patients with class I or class II DSAs had a 10-year graft survival of 59% and 60%, respectively, both significantly lower than the survival for patients without DSAs (76%). The combination of class I and II DSAs resulted in a 10-year survival of 54% in deceased donor transplants. In conclusion, class I and II DSAs are a clear risk factor for graft loss in deceased donor transplants, while in living donor transplants, class I and II DSAs seem to be associated with an increased risk for graft failure, but this could not be assessed due to their low prevalence.
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39
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Fabreti-Oliveira RA, Marsh SGE, Lasmar MF, Nascimento E. Six novel HLA-B, -DRB1, and -DQB1 alleles identified in Brazilian individuals. HLA 2018; 92:171-172. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Fabreti-Oliveira
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; Belo Horizonte Brazil
- IMUNOLAB-Laboratory of Histocompatibility; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - S. G. E. Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, UCL Cancer Institute; London UK
| | - M. F. Lasmar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; Belo Horizonte Brazil
- University Hospital of the Faculty of Medical Science; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - E. Nascimento
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; Belo Horizonte Brazil
- IMUNOLAB-Laboratory of Histocompatibility; Belo Horizonte Brazil
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40
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Mine KL, Tedesco-Silva H, Mourão TB, Campos EF, Salzedas LA, Aguiar B, Felipe CR, Medina-Pestana JO, Gerbase-DeLima M. Heightened expression of HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DQB2 in pre-implantation biopsies predicts poor late kidney graft function. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:594-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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41
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Cohen J, Owei L, Sawinski D, Porrett P. Inferior long-term allograft and patient outcomes among recipients of offspring living donor kidneys. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:1699-1709. [PMID: 29266831 PMCID: PMC6013327 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
While offspring-to-parent living donor kidney transplantations may represent an ideal donor-recipient combination to optimize long-term transplantation outcomes, the sex-specific long-term success of these transplantations remains unclear. We hypothesize that allograft and recipient survivals in offspring-to-parent living donor kidney transplantation differ between men and women due to donor-specific alloimmunization during pregnancy. We retrospectively analyzed long-term allograft and patient survival among men and women who received an offspring living donor kidney compared with those who received other haplotype-matched living donor kidneys. Based on multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling of Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data from 2001 to 2015, we found that both men and women who received offspring living donor kidneys had significantly increased mortality compared with recipients who received nonoffspring living donor kidneys. While male recipients of any living donor kidney had greater risk of mortality and allograft failure than female recipients, there was no significant difference in all-cause allograft failure or mortality in male versus female recipients of offspring living donor kidney transplantations. Our analysis demonstrated no significant interaction between recipient sex and donor offspring status. We conclude that nonoffspring living donors should be considered whenever feasible for both men and women with multiple donor options.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.B. Cohen
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L. Owei
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D.L. Sawinski
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P.M. Porrett
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hernandez‐Fuentes MP, Franklin C, Rebollo‐Mesa I, Mollon J, Delaney F, Perucha E, Stapleton C, Borrows R, Byrne C, Cavalleri G, Clarke B, Clatworthy M, Feehally J, Fuggle S, Gagliano SA, Griffin S, Hammad A, Higgins R, Jardine A, Keogan M, Leach T, MacPhee I, Mark PB, Marsh J, Maxwell P, McKane W, McLean A, Newstead C, Augustine T, Phelan P, Powis S, Rowe P, Sheerin N, Solomon E, Stephens H, Thuraisingham R, Trembath R, Topham P, Vaughan R, Sacks SH, Conlon P, Opelz G, Soranzo N, Weale ME, Lord GM. Long- and short-term outcomes in renal allografts with deceased donors: A large recipient and donor genome-wide association study. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:1370-1379. [PMID: 29392897 PMCID: PMC6001640 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in immunosuppression have modified short-term survival of deceased-donor allografts, but not their rate of long-term failure. Mismatches between donor and recipient HLA play an important role in the acute and chronic allogeneic immune response against the graft. Perfect matching at clinically relevant HLA loci does not obviate the need for immunosuppression, suggesting that additional genetic variation plays a critical role in both short- and long-term graft outcomes. By combining patient data and samples from supranational cohorts across the United Kingdom and European Union, we performed the first large-scale genome-wide association study analyzing both donor and recipient DNA in 2094 complete renal transplant-pairs with replication in 5866 complete pairs. We studied deceased-donor grafts allocated on the basis of preferential HLA matching, which provided some control for HLA genetic effects. No strong donor or recipient genetic effects contributing to long- or short-term allograft survival were found outside the HLA region. We discuss the implications for future research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jennifer Mollon
- King's College LondonMRC Centre for TransplantationLondonUK,Department of HaematologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florence Delaney
- King's College LondonMRC Centre for TransplantationLondonUK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas’NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Richard Borrows
- Renal Institute of BirminghamDepartment of Nephrology and TransplantationBirminghamUK
| | - Catherine Byrne
- Nottingham Renal and Transplant UnitNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK
| | | | - Brendan Clarke
- Transplant and Cellular ImmunologyLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK
| | | | | | - Susan Fuggle
- Transplant Immunology & ImmunogeneticsChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Sarah A. Gagliano
- Center for Statistical GeneticsDepartment of BiostatisticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Sian Griffin
- Cardiff & Vale University Health BoardCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Abdul Hammad
- The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University HospitalsLiverpoolUK
| | - Robert Higgins
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Alan Jardine
- School of MedicineDentistry and NursingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | | | | | - Patrick B. Mark
- School of MedicineDentistry and NursingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - James Marsh
- Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals TrustCarshaltonUK
| | - Peter Maxwell
- School of MedicineDentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueens University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - William McKane
- Sheffield Kidney InstituteSheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
| | - Adam McLean
- Kidney and TransplantImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Titus Augustine
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS TrustManchesterUK
| | | | - Steve Powis
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Neil Sheerin
- The Medical SchoolNewcastle University NewcastleNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Ellen Solomon
- Division of Genetics& Molecular MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Richard Trembath
- Division of Genetics& Molecular MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Robert Vaughan
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory at Guy's HospitalGuy's and St Thomas’ NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Steven H. Sacks
- King's College LondonMRC Centre for TransplantationLondonUK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas’NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Peter Conlon
- Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland,Beaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Gerhard Opelz
- University of HeidelbergTransplantation ImmunologyHeidelbergGermany
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Welcome Trust Sanger InstituteHuman GeneticsCambridgeUK,Department of HaematologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael E. Weale
- Division of Genetics& Molecular MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK,Present address:
Genomics plcOxfordUK
| | - Graham M. Lord
- King's College LondonMRC Centre for TransplantationLondonUK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas’NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK
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Shi X, Lv J, Han W, Zhong X, Xie X, Su B, Ding J. What is the impact of human leukocyte antigen mismatching on graft survival and mortality in renal transplantation? A meta-analysis of 23 cohort studies involving 486,608 recipients. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:116. [PMID: 29776389 PMCID: PMC5960106 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-0908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The magnitude effects of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching on post-transplant outcomes of kidney transplantation remain controversial. We aim to quantitatively assess the associations of HLA mismatching with graft survival and mortality in adult kidney transplantation. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from their inception to December, 2016. Priori clinical outcomes were overall graft failure, death-censored graft failure and all-cause mortality. Results A total of 23 cohort studies covering 486,608 recipients were selected. HLA per mismatch was significant associated with increased risks of overall graft failure (hazard ratio (HR), 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.07), death-censored graft failure (HR: 1.09; 95% CI 1.06–1.12) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.07). Besides, HLA-DR mismatches were significant associated with worse overall graft survival (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.21). For HLA-A locus, the association was insignificant (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98–1.14). We observed no significant association between HLA-B locus and overall graft failure (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.90–1.15). In subgroup analyses, we found recipient sample size and ethnicity maybe the potential sources of heterogeneity. Conclusions HLA mismatching was still a critical prognostic factor that affects graft and recipient survival. HLA-DR mismatching has a substantial impact on recipient’s graft survival. HLA-A mismatching has minor but insignificant impact on graft survival outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-018-0908-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Lv
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking Unversity, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wenke Han
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfang Xie
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking Unversity, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Baige Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Süsal
- Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology and
| | - Martin Zeier
- Division of Nephrology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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45
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Parham P. Molecular definition of the transplantation antigens. FEBS J 2018; 285:2728-2745. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Parham
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology School of Medicine Stanford University CA USA
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Fabreti-Oliveira R, Lasmar M, Oliveira C, Vale E, Nascimento E. Genetic Mechanisms Involved in the Generation of HLA Alleles in Brazilians: Description and Comparison of HLA Alleles. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:835-840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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47
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Kamińska D, Kościelska-Kasprzak K, Mazanowska O, Żabińska M, Bartoszek D, Banasik M, Chudoba P, Lepiesza A, Gomułkiewicz A, Dzięgiel P, Krajewska M, Polak W, Klinger M. Pretransplant Immune Interplay Between Donor and Recipient Influences Posttransplant Kidney Allograft Function. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:1658-1661. [PMID: 30056877 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal transplant candidates present immune dysregulation caused by chronic uremia, and deceased kidney donors present immune activation induced by brain death. Pretransplant donor and recipient immune-related gene expression were examined in the search for novel predictive biomarkers crosslinking recipient and donor pretransplant immune status with transplant outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 33 low-risk consecutive renal transplant recipients and matched deceased donors. The expression of 29 genes linked to tissue injury, T-cell activation, cell migration, and apoptosis were assessed in postreperfusion kidney biopsies, as well as 14 genes in pretransplant peripheral blood of the kidney recipients. Gene expression was analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction on custom-designed low-density arrays. RESULTS Donor MMP9 expression was related to delayed graft function occurrence (P = .036) and short term kidney allograft function (14th day rs = -0.44, P = .012; 1st month rs = -0.46, P = .013). Donor TGFB1 expression was associated with short- and long-term graft function (14th day rs = -0.47, P = .007; 3rd month rs = -0.63, P = .001; 6th month rs = -0.52, P = .010; 12th month rs = -0.45, P = .028; 24th month rs = -0.64, P = .003). Donor TGFB1 expression was not related to donor age (rs = 0.32, P = .081), which was also an independent factor influencing the outcome. Recipient gene expression was not related to graft function but determined the acute rejection risk. Recipient IFNG and, to a lesser extent, IL18 expression were protective against acute rejection (area under the curve [AUC] 0.84, P < .001, and AUC 0.79, P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION Kidney transplant outcome depends on the interplay between donor-related immune factors, which mostly affect allograft function and recipient immune milieu, influencing an alloreactive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kamińska
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - K Kościelska-Kasprzak
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - O Mazanowska
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Żabińska
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - D Bartoszek
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Banasik
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - P Chudoba
- Department of Vascular, General and Transplant Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Lepiesza
- Department of Vascular, General and Transplant Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Gomułkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - P Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Krajewska
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - W Polak
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB and Transplantation Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Klinger
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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48
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Geneugelijk K, Niemann M, Drylewicz J, van Zuilen AD, Joosten I, Allebes WA, van der Meer A, Hilbrands LB, Baas MC, Hack CE, van Reekum FE, Verhaar MC, Kamburova EG, Bots ML, Seelen MAJ, Sanders JS, Hepkema BG, Lambeck AJ, Bungener LB, Roozendaal C, Tilanus MGJ, Vanderlocht J, Voorter CE, Wieten L, van Duijnhoven EM, Gelens M, Christiaans MHL, van Ittersum FJ, Nurmohamed A, Lardy JNM, Swelsen W, van der Pant KA, van der Weerd NC, Ten Berge IJM, Bemelman FJ, Hoitsma A, van der Boog PJM, de Fijter JW, Betjes MGH, Heidt S, Roelen DL, Claas FH, Otten HG, Spierings E. PIRCHE-II Is Related to Graft Failure after Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:321. [PMID: 29556227 PMCID: PMC5844930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual HLA mismatches may differentially impact graft survival after kidney transplantation. Therefore, there is a need for a reliable tool to define permissible HLA mismatches in kidney transplantation. We previously demonstrated that donor-derived Predicted Indirectly ReCognizable HLA Epitopes presented by recipient HLA class II (PIRCHE-II) play a role in de novo donor-specific HLA antibodies formation after kidney transplantation. In the present Dutch multi-center study, we evaluated the possible association between PIRCHE-II and kidney graft failure in 2,918 donor–recipient couples that were transplanted between 1995 and 2005. For these donors–recipients couples, PIRCHE-II numbers were related to graft survival in univariate and multivariable analyses. Adjusted for confounders, the natural logarithm of PIRCHE-II was associated with a higher risk for graft failure [hazard ratio (HR): 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.23, p = 0.003]. When analyzing a subgroup of patients who had their first transplantation, the HR of graft failure for ln(PIRCHE-II) was higher compared with the overall cohort (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10–1.34, p < 0.001). PIRCHE-II demonstrated both early and late effects on graft failure in this subgroup. These data suggest that the PIRCHE-II may impact graft survival after kidney transplantation. Inclusion of PIRCHE-II in donor-selection criteria may eventually lead to an improved kidney graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Geneugelijk
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Julia Drylewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arjan D van Zuilen
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wil A Allebes
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Arnold van der Meer
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marije C Baas
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - C Erik Hack
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Franka E van Reekum
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elena G Kamburova
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marc A J Seelen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Stephan Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bouke G Hepkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Annechien J Lambeck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laura B Bungener
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Caroline Roozendaal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel G J Tilanus
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Joris Vanderlocht
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Division of Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christien E Voorter
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elly M van Duijnhoven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Gelens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten H L Christiaans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Azam Nurmohamed
- Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Wendy Swelsen
- Department of Immunogenetics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijn A van der Pant
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neelke C van der Weerd
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ineke J M Ten Berge
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fréderike J Bemelman
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Hoitsma
- Dutch Organ Transplant Registry (NOTR), Dutch Transplant Foundation (NTS), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Johan W de Fijter
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dave L Roelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans H Claas
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Henny G Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Spierings
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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49
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Epitope-Based HLA Matching: A Useful Strategy With Many Shortcomings to Overcome. Transplantation 2018; 101:1744-1745. [PMID: 28252563 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Geneugelijk K, Spierings E. Matching donor and recipient based on predicted indirectly recognizable human leucocyte antigen epitopes. Int J Immunogenet 2018; 45:41-53. [PMID: 29464898 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The predicted indirectly recognizable human leucocyte antigen (HLA) epitopes (PIRCHE) algorithm is a novel in silico algorithm to determine donor-recipient compatibility. The PIRCHE algorithm determines donor-recipient compatibility by counting the number of mismatched HLA-derived epitopes that are involved in indirect T-cell alloimmune responses; these epitopes are designated as PIRCHE. Over the last few years, the PIRCHE algorithm has been investigated in both hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid organ transplantation. This review describes the theory of the algorithm, its application in transplantation, and highlights the future perspectives on the clinical application of the PIRCHE algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Geneugelijk
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E Spierings
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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