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Hou X, Yu M, Xu Y, Wang L, Chen Y, Tao R, Zhang Q, Zhu Y. Antioxidative effect of astragalosides on acute pancreatitis in mice. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1418899. [PMID: 39086768 PMCID: PMC11288803 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1418899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The research examined the antioxidative impact of astragalosides (AST) on experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) in mice. This study aims to assess the correlation between varying doses of astragalosides and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in an acute pancreatitis mouse model. By examining the interplay between astragaloside's protective effects and its antioxidant properties, we aim to deepen our understanding of its therapeutic potential in acute pancreatitis. Methods The AP model in mice was induced by retrograde injection of sodium deoxycholate into the biliary and pancreatic ducts. Serum amylase activity was monitored at various time points following induction. Furthermore, 24 hours post-induction, levels of serum nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in pancreatic tissue were assessed. Results The findings of this study illustrated that AST, while exhibiting a protective effect in experimental AP, could effectively lower the elevated serum NO levels, reduce MDA production, and enhance SOD activity in model mice. AST notably reduced MDA levels in the pancreatic tissue of AP mice, underscoring its ability to inhibit membrane peroxidation induced by oxygen free radicals. Furthermore, AST was observed to elevate SOD activity in scavenging oxygen free radicals in pancreatic tissue. Conclusion These findings suggest that AST enhances recovery in an experimental acute pancreatitis mouse model by exerting antioxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Hou
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Liuwei Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Yishan Chen
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruisong Tao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Qixin Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Song Q, Gao H, Wu W, Gao Y, Yang J, Jiao Z, Luo Y. Gabexate Mesylate-Poloxamer 407 Conjugate Alleviates Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in an Optimized Rat Model. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:138-146. [PMID: 35451710 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We have previously shown that gabexate mesylate-poloxamer 407 conjugate (GMTI) alleviates traumatic pancreatitis in rats. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of GMTI on sodium taurocholate-induced severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in an optimized rat model. METHODS An SAP rat model was established via microinjection of 3.5% sodium taurocholate and retention in the bile duct for 1 min. SAP rats were administered GMTI via tail vein injection (i.v.) or tail vein injection + intraperitoneal injection (i.v. + i.p.). All rats were sacrificed at 12 h after treatment. Biochemical approach and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to measure the serum levels of amylase (AMY), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Hematoxylin and eosin staining and TUNEL assay were conducted to examine histopathology and acinar cell apoptosis in the rat pancreas. RESULTS SAP was successfully induced in all model rats, as evidenced by progressively aggravating SAP symptoms and signs, pancreatic histopathological abnormalities, as well as elevated serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and AMY. The mortality rates at 1 h, 6 h, and 12 h were 0%, 0%, and 25%, respectively. GMTI therapy via i.v. or i.v. + i.p. significantly reduced pancreatic wet weights, ascites amounts, pathological scores, and circulating levels of TNF-α and IL-6 while promoting acinar cell apoptosis in SAP rats. GMTI therapy via i.v. + i.p. outperformed i.v. in improving pancreatic histology and reducing TNF-α and IL-6 serum levels in SAP rats. CONCLUSIONS Our optimized SAP rat model is reliable and reproducible. GMTI therapy is a promising approach against SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Middle Street of 4th West Ring Road, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Seventh medical center, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hanjing Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Seventh medical center, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Seventh medical center, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jihua Yang
- Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ziyu Jiao
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Middle Street of 4th West Ring Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Middle Street of 4th West Ring Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Yang J, Tang X, Wu Q, Ren P, Yan Y. A Severe Acute Pancreatitis Mouse Model Transited from Mild Symptoms Induced by a “Two-Hit” Strategy with L-Arginine. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12010126. [PMID: 35054519 PMCID: PMC8779052 DOI: 10.3390/life12010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop a severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) model transited from mild symptoms, we investigated a “two-hit” strategy with L-arginine in mice. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with ice-cold L-arginine (4 g/kg) twice at an interval of 1 h on the first day and subjected to the repeated operation 72 h afterwards. The results showed the “two-hit” strategy resulted in the destructive damage and extensive necrosis of acinar cells in the pancreas compared with the “one-hit” model. Meanwhile, excessive levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, namely IL-6 and TNF-α, were released in the serum. Remarkably, additional deleterious effects on multiple organs were observed, including high intestinal permeability, kidney injury, and severe acute lung injury. Therefore, we confirmed that the SAP animal model triggered by a “two-hit” strategy with L-arginine was successfully established, providing a solid foundation for a deeper understanding of SAP initiation and therapy research to prevent worsening of the disease.
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Tran QT, Tran VH, Sendler M, Doller J, Wiese M, Bolsmann R, Wilden A, Glaubitz J, Modenbach JM, Thiel FG, de Freitas Chama LL, Weiss FU, Lerch MM, Aghdassi AA. Role of Bile Acids and Bile Salts in Acute Pancreatitis: From the Experimental to Clinical Studies. Pancreas 2021; 50:3-11. [PMID: 33370017 PMCID: PMC7748038 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastroenterological disorders leading to hospitalization. It has long been debated whether biliary AP, about 30% to 50% of all cases, is induced by bile acids (BAs) when they reach the pancreas via reflux or via the systemic blood circulation.Besides their classical function in digestion, BAs have become an attractive research target because of their recently discovered property as signaling molecules. The underlying mechanisms of BAs have been investigated in various studies. Bile acids are internalized into acinar cells through specific G-protein-coupled BA receptor 1 and various transporters. They can further act via different receptors: the farnesoid X, ryanodine, and inositol triphosphate receptor. Bile acids induce a sustained Ca2+ influx from the endoplasmic reticulum and release of Ca2+ from acidic stores into the cytosol of acinar cells. The overload of intracellular Ca2+ results in mitochondrial depolarization and subsequent acinar cell necrosis. In addition, BAs have a biphasic effect on pancreatic ductal cells. A more detailed characterization of the mechanisms through which BAs contribute to the disease pathogenesis and severity will greatly improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and may allow for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for gallstone-inducedAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Trung Tran
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Van Huy Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Matthias Sendler
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Doller
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mats Wiese
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Bolsmann
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anika Wilden
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juliane Glaubitz
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ali A. Aghdassi
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Yang X, Yao L, Fu X, Mukherjee R, Xia Q, Jakubowska MA, Ferdek PE, Huang W. Experimental Acute Pancreatitis Models: History, Current Status, and Role in Translational Research. Front Physiol 2020; 11:614591. [PMID: 33424638 PMCID: PMC7786374 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.614591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a potentially severe inflammatory disease that may be associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality. Currently there is no specific treatment for the disease, which indicates an ongoing demand for research into its pathogenesis and development of new therapeutic strategies. Due to the unpredictable course of acute pancreatitis and relatively concealed anatomical site in the retro-peritoneum, research on the human pancreas remains challenging. As a result, for over the last 100 years studies on the pathogenesis of this disease have heavily relied on animal models. This review aims to summarize different animal models of acute pancreatitis from the past to present and discuss their main characteristics and applications. It identifies key studies that have enhanced our current understanding of the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis and highlights the instrumental role of animal models in translational research for developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linbo Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Pawel E. Ferdek
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Matsushita Y, Smith B, Delannoy M, Trujillo MA, Chianchiano P, McMillan R, Kamiyama H, Liang H, Thompson ED, Hruban RH, Matsui W, Wood LD, Roberts NJ, Eshleman JR. Biphenotypic Differentiation of Pancreatic Cancer in 3-Dimensional Culture. Pancreas 2019; 48:1225-1231. [PMID: 31593010 PMCID: PMC6791773 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Improved characterized models of PDAC are needed for drug screening. METHODS We grew 4 established pancreatic cancer cell lines in hanging drop cultures to produce spheroids. We also grew organoids from explanted xenografted PDAC and surgically resected primary PDAC. We performed transmission and scanning electron microscopy and compared findings with those of the normal pancreatic duct. We also performed single-cell cloning to determine the potential options for differentiation. RESULTS Spheroids contained tight junctions and desmosomes but lacked zymogen granules, as expected. The former features were present in normal pancreatic duct but absent from PDAC cell lines grown in standard 2-dimensional culture. Spheroids functionally excluded macromolecules in whole mounts. Cells on the surface of PDAC spheroids were carpeted by microvilli except for rare cells with prominent stereocilia. Carpets of microvilli were also seen in low passage organoids produced from xenografts and surgically resected human PDAC, in addition to normal human pancreatic duct. We performed single-cell cloning and resulting spheroids produced both cell phenotypes at the same approximate ratios as those from bulk cultures. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic cancer spheroids/organoids are capable of biphenotypic differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/ultrastructure
- Cell Culture Techniques/methods
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Desmosomes/ultrastructure
- Female
- Heterografts/pathology
- Heterografts/ultrastructure
- Humans
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Organoids/pathology
- Organoids/ultrastructure
- Pancreatic Ducts/pathology
- Pancreatic Ducts/ultrastructure
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/ultrastructure
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Spheroids, Cellular/ultrastructure
- Tight Junctions/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Matsushita
- From the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center
| | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Michael Delannoy
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Maria A Trujillo
- From the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center
| | - Peter Chianchiano
- From the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center
| | - Ross McMillan
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Hirohiko Kamiyama
- From the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center
| | - Hong Liang
- From the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- From the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- From the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - William Matsui
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Laura D Wood
- From the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- From the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center
| | - James R Eshleman
- From the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Baltimore, MD
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7
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Silva-Vaz P, Abrantes AM, Castelo-Branco M, Gouveia A, Botelho MF, Tralhão JG. Murine Models of Acute Pancreatitis: A Critical Appraisal of Clinical Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2794. [PMID: 31181644 PMCID: PMC6600324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical studies can provide some data concerning the etiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes of this disease. However, the study of early events and new targeted therapies cannot be performed on humans due to ethical reasons. Experimental murine models can be used in the understanding of the pancreatic inflammation, because they are able to closely mimic the main features of human AP, namely their histologic glandular changes and distant organ failure. These models continue to be important research tools for the reproduction of the etiological, environmental, and genetic factors associated with the pathogenesis of this inflammatory pathology and the exploration of novel therapeutic options. This review provides an overview of several murine models of AP. Furthermore, special focus is made on the most frequently carried out models, the protocols used, and their advantages and limitations. Finally, examples are provided of the use of these models to improve knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis, identify new biomarkers of severity, and develop new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Silva-Vaz
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Castelo Branco, 6000-085 Castelo Branco, Portugal.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Biophysics and Biomathematics Institute, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - António Gouveia
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Castelo Branco, 6000-085 Castelo Branco, Portugal.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Biophysics and Biomathematics Institute, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Biophysics and Biomathematics Institute, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Hegyi P, Maléth J, Walters JR, Hofmann AF, Keely SJ. Guts and Gall: Bile Acids in Regulation of Intestinal Epithelial Function in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:1983-2023. [PMID: 30067158 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00054.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line the entire surface of the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs where they primarily function in transporting digestive enzymes, nutrients, electrolytes, and fluid to and from the luminal contents. At the same time, epithelial cells are responsible for forming a physical and biochemical barrier that prevents the entry into the body of harmful agents, such as bacteria and their toxins. Dysregulation of epithelial transport and barrier function is associated with the pathogenesis of a number of conditions throughout the intestine, such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea, pancreatitis, reflux esophagitis, and cancer. Driven by discovery of specific receptors on intestinal epithelial cells, new insights into mechanisms that control their synthesis and enterohepatic circulation, and a growing appreciation of their roles as bioactive bacterial metabolites, bile acids are currently receiving a great deal of interest as critical regulators of epithelial function in health and disease. This review aims to summarize recent advances in this field and to highlight how bile acids are now emerging as exciting new targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hegyi
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Joszef Maléth
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Julian R Walters
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Alan F Hofmann
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Stephen J Keely
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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9
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Wen L, Javed TA, Yimlamai D, Mukherjee A, Xiao X, Husain SZ. Transient High Pressure in Pancreatic Ducts Promotes Inflammation and Alters Tight Junctions via Calcineurin Signaling in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1250-1263.e5. [PMID: 29928898 PMCID: PMC6174093 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (PEP) is thought to be provoked by pancreatic ductal hypertension, via unknown mechanisms. We investigated the effects of hydrostatic pressures on the development of pancreatitis in mice. METHODS We performed studies with Swiss Webster mice, B6129 mice (controls), and B6129 mice with disruption of the protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, βisoform gene (Cnab-/- mice). Acute pancreatitis was induced in mice by retrograde biliopancreatic ductal or intraductal infusion of saline with a constant hydrostatic pressure while the proximal common bile duct was clamped -these mice were used as a model of PEP. Some mice were given pancreatic infusions of adeno-associated virus 6-nuclear factor of activated T-cells-luciferase to monitor calcineurin activity or the calcineurin inhibitor FK506. Blood samples and pancreas were collected at 6 and 24 hours and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histology, immunohistochemistry, or fluorescence microscopy. Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial permeability were measured in pancreatic acinar cells isolated 15 minutes after PEP induction. Ca2+-activated phosphatase calcineurin within the pancreas was tracked in vivo over 24 hours. RESULTS Intraductal pressures of up to 130 mm Hg were observed in the previously reported model of PEP; we found that application of hydrostatic pressures of 100 and 150 mm Hg for 10 minutes consistently induced pancreatitis. Pancreatic tissues had markers of inflammation (increased levels of interleukin [IL] 6, IL1B, and tumor necrosis factor), activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, increased serum amylase and IL6, and loss of tight junction integrity. Transiently high pressures dysregulated Ca2+ processing (reduced Ca2+ oscillations and an increased peak plateau Ca2+ signal) and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. We observed activation of pancreatic calcineurin in the pancreas in mice. Cnab-/- mice, which lack the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, and mice given FK506 did not develop pressure-induced pancreatic inflammation, edema, or loss of tight junction integrity. CONCLUSIONS Transient high ductal pressure produces pancreatic inflammation and loss of tight junction integrity in a mouse model of PEP. These processes require calcineurin signaling. Calcineurin inhibitors might be used to prevent acute pancreatitis that results from obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tanveer A Javed
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sohail Z Husain
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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10
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Zhan X, Wang F, Bi Y, Ji B. Animal models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G343-55. [PMID: 27418683 PMCID: PMC5076005 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00372.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of pancreatitis are useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and developing and testing novel interventions. In this review, we aim to summarize the most commonly used animal models, overview their pathophysiology, and discuss their strengths and limitations. We will also briefly describe common animal study procedures and refer readers to more detailed protocols in the literature. Although animal models include pigs, dogs, opossums, and other animals, we will mainly focus on rodent models because of their popularity. Autoimmune pancreatitis and genetically engineered animal models will be reviewed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Zhan
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida and
| | - Fan Wang
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida and
| | - Yan Bi
- 2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida and
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11
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Xia P, Deng Q, Gao J, Yu X, Zhang Y, Li J, Guan W, Hu J, Tan Q, Zhou L, Han W, Yuan Y, Yu Y. Therapeutic effects of antigen affinity-purified polyclonal anti-receptor of advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) antibodies on cholestasis-induced liver injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 779:102-10. [PMID: 26970185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis leads to acute hepatic injury, fibrosis/cirrhosis, inflammation, and duct proliferation. We investigated whether blocking receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) with polyclonal anti-RAGE antibodies (anti-RAGE) could regulate acute liver injury and fibrosis in a rat bile duct ligation (BDL) model. Male Wister rats received 0.5mg/kg rabbit anti-RAGE or an equal amount of rabbit IgG by subcutaneous injection twice a week after BDL. Samples of liver tissue and peripheral blood were collected at 14 days after BDL. Serum biochemistry and histology were used to analyze the degree of liver injury. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemical staining were used to further analyze liver injury. Anti-RAGE improved the gross appearance of the liver and the rat survival rate. Liver tissue histology and relevant serum biochemistry indicated that anti-RAGE attenuated liver necrosis, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and duct proliferation in the BDL model. qPCR and western blotting showed significant reductions in interleukin-1β expression levels in the liver by treatment with anti-RAGE. Anti-RAGE also significantly reduced the mRNA levels of α1(1) collagen (Col1α1) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, and the ratio of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the liver. In addition, anti-RAGE regulated the transcriptional level of Col1α1 and MMP-9 in transforming growth factor-β-induced activated LX-2 cells in vitro. Anti-RAGE was found to inhibit hepatic stellate cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, anti-RAGE can protect the liver from injury induced by BDL in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen Guan
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd., Xuhui, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Quanhui Tan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd., Xuhui, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Han
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunsheng Yuan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China; Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yan Yu
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
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12
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de Oliveira C, Patel K, Mishra V, Trivedi RN, Noel P, Singh A, Yaron JR, Singh VP. Characterization and Predictive Value of Near Infrared 2-Deoxyglucose Optical Imaging in Severe Acute Pancreatitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149073. [PMID: 26901564 PMCID: PMC4765766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studying the uptake of 2-deoxy glucose (2-DG) analogs such as 2-Deoxy-2-[18F] fluoroglucose (FDG) is a common approach to identify and monitor malignancies and more recently chronic inflammation. While pancreatitis is a common cause for false positive results in human studies on pancreatic cancer using FDG, the relevance of these findings to acute pancreatitis (AP) is unknown. FDG has a short half-life. Thus, with an aim to accurately characterize the metabolic demand of the pancreas during AP in real-time, we studied the uptake of the non-radioactive, near infrared fluorescence labelled 2-deoxyglucose analog, IRDye® 800CW 2-DG probe (NIR 2-DG; Li-Cor) during mild and severe biliary AP. Methods Wistar rats (300 g; 8–12/group) were administered NIR 2-DG (10 nM; I.V.). Mild and severe biliary AP were respectively induced by biliopancreatic duct ligation (DL) alone or along with infusing glyceryl trilinoleate (GTL; 50 μL/100 g) within 10 minutes of giving NIR 2-DG. Controls (CON) only received NIR 2-DG. Imaging was done every 5–10 minutes over 3 hrs. Average Radiant Efficiency [p/s/cm²/sr]/[μW/cm²] was measured over the pancreas using the IVIS 200 in-vivo imaging system (PerkinElmer) using the Living Image® software and verified in ex vivo pancreata. Blood amylase, lipase and pancreatic edema, necrosis were measured over the course of AP. Results NIR 2-DG uptake over the first hour was not influenced by AP induction. However, while the signal declined in controls and rats with mild AP, there was significantly higher retention of NIR 2-DG in the pancreas after 1 hour in those with GTL pancreatitis. The increase was > 3 fold over controls in the GTL group and was verified to be in the pancreas ex vivo. In vitro, pancreatic acini exposed to GTL had a similar increase in NIR 2-DG uptake which was followed by progressively worse acinar necrosis. Greater retention of NIR 2-DG in vivo was associated with worse pancreatic necrosis, reduced ATP concentrations and mortality, which were not predicted by the blood parameters. Conclusion In-vivo fluorescent imaging of a non-radioactive near infrared 2-DG optical probe can predict the AP severity early during the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krutika Patel
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Vivek Mishra
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ram N. Trivedi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Pawan Noel
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Abhilasha Singh
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jordan R. Yaron
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Orabi AI, Sah S, Javed TA, Lemon KL, Good ML, Guo P, Xiao X, Prasadan K, Gittes GK, Jin S, Husain SZ. Dynamic imaging of pancreatic nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation in live mice using adeno-associated virus (AAV) infusion and bioluminescence. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11309-20. [PMID: 25802340 PMCID: PMC4416837 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.647933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is an important signaling molecule that plays a critical role in the development of acute pancreatitis. Current methods for examining NF-κB activation involve infection of an adenoviral NF-κB-luciferase reporter into cell lines or electrophoretic mobility shift assay of lysate. The use of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) has proven to be an effective method of transfecting whole organs in live animals. We examined whether intrapancreatic duct infusion of AAV containing an NF-κB-luciferase reporter (AAV-NF-κB-luciferase) can reliably measure pancreatic NF-κB activation. We confirmed the infectivity of the AAV-NF-κB-luciferase reporter in HEK293 cells using a traditional luciferase readout. Mice were infused with AAV-NF-κB-luciferase 5 weeks before induction of pancreatitis (caerulein, 50 μg/kg). Unlike transgenic mice that globally express NF-κB-luciferase, AAV-infused mice showed a 15-fold increase in pancreas-specific NF-κB bioluminescence following 12 h of caerulein compared with baseline luminescence (p < 0.05). The specificity of the NF-κB-luciferase signal to the pancreas was confirmed by isolating the pancreas and adjacent organs and observing a predominant bioluminescent signal in the pancreas compared with liver, spleen, and stomach. A complementary mouse model of post-ERCP-pancreatitis also induced pancreatic NF-κB signals. Taken together these data provide the first demonstration that NF-κB activation can be examined in a live, dynamic fashion during pancreatic inflammation. We believe this technique offers a valuable tool to study real-time activation of NF-κB in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swati Sah
- From the Department of Pediatrics and
| | | | | | | | - Ping Guo
- Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - George K Gittes
- Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
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