1
|
Jahangir S, Khatua B, Smichi N, Rajalingamgari P, Narayana Pillai A, Summers MJ, McFayden B, Kostenko S, Gades NM, Singh VP. Buprenorphine affects the initiation and severity of interleukin-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 327:G16-G24. [PMID: 38651230 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00083.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease with no targeted therapy and has varied outcomes ranging from spontaneous resolution to being lethal. Although typically painful, AP can also be painless. Various agents, including opioids, are used for pain control in AP; the risks and benefits of which are often debated. As experimental AP in mice is used to study the efficacy of potential therapies, we studied the effect of a commonly used opioid, buprenorphine, on the initiation and progression of AP. For this, we administered extended-release buprenorphine subcutaneously before inducing the previously established severe AP model that uses interleukins 12 and 18 (IL12,18) in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice and compared this to mice with AP but without the drug. Mice were monitored over 3 days, and parameters of AP induction and progression were compared. Buprenorphine significantly reduced serum amylase, lipase, pancreatic necrosis, and AP-associated fat necrosis, which is ubiquitous in obese mice and humans. Buprenorphine delayed the AP-associated reduction of carotid artery pulse distention and the development of hypothermia, hastened renal injury, and muted the early increase in respiratory rate versus IL12,18 alone. The site of buprenorphine injection appeared erythematous, inflamed, and microscopically showed thinning, loss of epidermal layers that had increased apoptosis. In summary, subcutaneous extended-release buprenorphine interfered with the induction of AP by reducing serum amylase, lipase, pancreatic and fat necrosis, the worsening of AP by delaying hypotension, hypothermia, while hastening renal injury, respiratory depression, and causing cutaneous injury at the site of injection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Extended-release buprenorphine interferes with the initiation and progression of acute pancreatitis at multiple levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jahangir
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
| | - Biswajit Khatua
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
| | - Nabil Smichi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
| | | | | | - Megan J Summers
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
| | - Bryce McFayden
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
| | - Sergiy Kostenko
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
| | - Naomi M Gades
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grimm H, Biller-Andorno N, Buch T, Dahlhoff M, Davies G, Cederroth CR, Maissen O, Lukas W, Passini E, Törnqvist E, Olsson IAS, Sandström J. Advancing the 3Rs: innovation, implementation, ethics and society. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1185706. [PMID: 37396988 PMCID: PMC10310538 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1185706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3Rs principle of replacing, reducing and refining the use of animals in science has been gaining widespread support in the international research community and appears in transnational legislation such as the European Directive 2010/63/EU, a number of national legislative frameworks like in Switzerland and the UK, and other rules and guidance in place in countries around the world. At the same time, progress in technical and biomedical research, along with the changing status of animals in many societies, challenges the view of the 3Rs principle as a sufficient and effective approach to the moral challenges set by animal use in research. Given this growing awareness of our moral responsibilities to animals, the aim of this paper is to address the question: Can the 3Rs, as a policy instrument for science and research, still guide the morally acceptable use of animals for scientific purposes, and if so, how? The fact that the increased availability of alternatives to animal models has not correlated inversely with a decrease in the number of animals used in research has led to public and political calls for more radical action. However, a focus on the simple measure of total animal numbers distracts from the need for a more nuanced understanding of how the 3Rs principle can have a genuine influence as a guiding instrument in research and testing. Hence, we focus on three core dimensions of the 3Rs in contemporary research: (1) What scientific innovations are needed to advance the goals of the 3Rs? (2) What can be done to facilitate the implementation of existing and new 3R methods? (3) Do the 3Rs still offer an adequate ethical framework given the increasing social awareness of animal needs and human moral responsibilities? By answering these questions, we will identify core perspectives in the debate over the advancement of the 3Rs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herwig Grimm
- Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikola Biller-Andorno
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gail Davies
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Otto Maissen
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Animal Welfare Division, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wilma Lukas
- Innosuisse - Swiss Innovation Agency, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Passini
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, United Kingdom
| | - Elin Törnqvist
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - I. Anna S. Olsson
- Laboratory Animal Science, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Durst M, Graf TR, Graf R, Kron M, Arras M, Zechner D, Palme R, Talbot SR, Jirkof P. Analysis of Pain and Analgesia Protocols in Acute Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis in Male C57BL/6 Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:744638. [PMID: 34880773 PMCID: PMC8645955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.744638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is known to be painful in humans and companion animals. However, the extent of pain in experimental mouse models of acute pancreatitis is unknown. Consequently, the severity classification of acute pancreatitis in mice is controversially discussed and standardized pain management is missing. In this study, we investigated acute Cerulein-induced pancreatitis with pain-specific and well-being orientated parameters to detect its impact on mice. Male C57BL/6J male mice were injected with Cerulein; animals that received saline injections served as control group. The animals were observed for weight change and water intake. To assess pain, behaviors like stretch-and-press and reduced rearing, the Mouse Grimace Scale, and von Frey hypersensitivity were assessed. Fecal corticosterone metabolites and burrowing behavior were assessed to detect changes in the animal’s well-being. Pancreatitis severity was evaluated with amylase and lipase in the blood and pancreas histology. To investigate whether different analgesics can alleviate signs of pain, and if they influence pancreas inflammation, animals received Buprenorphine, Paracetamol in combination with Tramadol, or Metamizole in the drinking water. The calculated intake of these analgesics via drinking reached values stated to be efficient for pain alleviation. While pancreatitis did not seem to be painful, we detected acute pain from Cerulein injections that could not be alleviated by analgesics. The number of inflammatory cells in the pancreas did not differ with the analgesic administered. In conclusion: (1) Cerulein injections appear to be acutely painful but pain could not be alleviated by the tested analgesics, (2) acute pancreatitis induced by our protocol did not induce obvious signs of pain, (3) analgesic substances had no detectable influence on inflammation. Nevertheless, protocols inducing more severe or even chronic pancreatitis might evoke more pain and analgesic treatment might become imperative. Considering our results, we recommend the use of Buprenorphine via drinking water in these protocols. Further studies to search for efficient analgesics that can alleviate the acute pain induced by Cerulein injections are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattea Durst
- Centre for Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theresia Reding Graf
- Pancreas Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral Surgery & Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Pancreas Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral Surgery & Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Kron
- Centre for Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Margarete Arras
- Centre for Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Paulin Jirkof
- Centre for Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Office for Animal Welfare & 3R, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lodestijn SC, van den Bosch T, Nijman LE, Moreno LF, Schlingemann S, Sheraton VM, van Neerven SM, Koning JJ, Vieira Braga FA, Paauw NJ, Lecca MC, Lenos KJ, Morrissey E, Miedema DM, Winton DJ, Bijlsma MF, Vermeulen L. Continuous clonal labeling reveals uniform progenitor potential in the adult exocrine pancreas. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:2009-2019.e4. [PMID: 34358441 PMCID: PMC8577826 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The tissue dynamics that govern maintenance and regeneration of the pancreas remain largely unknown. In particular, the presence and nature of a cellular hierarchy remains a topic of debate. Previous lineage tracing strategies in the pancreas relied on specific marker genes for clonal labeling, which left other populations untested and failed to account for potential widespread phenotypical plasticity. Here we employed a tracing system that depends on replication-induced clonal marks. We found that, in homeostasis, steady acinar replacement events characterize tissue dynamics, to which all acinar cells have an equal ability to contribute. Similarly, regeneration following pancreatitis was best characterized by an acinar self-replication model because no evidence of a cellular hierarchy was detected. In particular, rapid regeneration in the pancreas was found to be driven by an accelerated rate of acinar fission-like events. These results provide a comprehensive and quantitative model of cell dynamics in the exocrine pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Lodestijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van den Bosch
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne E Nijman
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leandro F Moreno
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Schlingemann
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vivek M Sheraton
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Oude Turfmarkt 147, 1012 GC Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne M van Neerven
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Felipe A Vieira Braga
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nanne J Paauw
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lecca
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan J Lenos
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edward Morrissey
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Daniël M Miedema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas J Winton
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Randhi R, Damon M, Dixon KJ. Selective inhibition of soluble TNF using XPro1595 relieves pain and attenuates cerulein-induced pathology in mice. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:243. [PMID: 34049483 PMCID: PMC8161932 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Symptoms associated with acute pancreatitis can be debilitating, and treatment remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of selectively inhibiting the soluble form of TNF (solTNF) using the biologic XPro1595 in a mouse model of acute pancreatitis. Methods Acute pancreatitis was induced in adult male C57Bl/6J mice by administering cerulein (8 injections of 50 µg/kg I.P., spaced an hour apart), with XPro1595 (10 mg/kg, S.C.) or vehicle being administered approximately 18 h after the last injection. Serum was collected 6 or 18 h after the last cerulein injection, pancreatic tissue was collected 2 and 7 days post-induction, and brain hippocampal tissue was collected at 7 days post-induction. The animal’s pain level was assessed 3, 5 and 7 days post-induction. Results The induction of acute pancreatitis promoted a strong increase in serum amylase levels, which had receded back to baseline levels by the next morning. XPro1595 treatment began after amylase levels had subsided at 18 h, and prevented pancreatic immune cell infiltration, that subsequently prevented tissue disruption and acinar cell death. These improvements in pathology were associated with a significant reduction in mechanical hypersensitivity (neuropathic pain). XPro1595 treatment also prevented an increase in hippocampal astrocyte reactivity, that may be associated with the prevention of neuropathic pain in this mouse model. Conclusion Overall, we observed that selectively inhibiting solTNF using XPro1595 improved the pathophysiological and neurological sequelae of cerulein-induced pancreatitis in mice, which provides support of its use in patients with pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajasa Randhi
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Melissa Damon
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Kirsty J Dixon
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ricardo Carvalho VP, Figueira da Silva J, Buzelin MA, Antônio da Silva Júnior C, Carvalho Dos Santos D, Montijo Diniz D, Binda NS, Borges MH, Senna Guimarães AL, Rita Pereira EM, Gomez MV. Calcium channels blockers toxins attenuate abdominal hyperalgesia and inflammatory response associated with the cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173672. [PMID: 33190801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Agents that modulate the activity of high-voltage gated calcium channels (HVCCs) exhibit experimentally and clinically significant effect by relieving visceral pain. Among these agents, the toxins Phα1β and ω-conotoxin MVIIA effectively reduce chronic pain in rodent models. The molecular mechanisms underlying the chronic pain associated with acute pancreatitis (AP) are poorly understood. Hypercalcemia is a risk factor; the role of cytosolic calcium is considered to be a modulator of pancreatitis. Blockade of Ca2+ signals may be useful as a prophylactic treatment of pancreatitis. We explored the pathophysiological roles of three peptide toxins: Phα1β and its recombinant form CTK 01512-2-blockers of TRPA1 receptor and HVCCs and ω-conotoxin MVIIA, a specific blocker of N-type calcium channels in cerulein-induced AP. Cerulein injection elicits AP in rats, evidenced by an increase in hyperalgesic pain, inflammatory infiltration, amylase and lipase secretion, and reactive oxygen species, TNF-α, and p65 NF-κB levels. These effects of cerulein-induced AP were abolished by Phα1β and its recombinant form CTK 01512-2, whereas ω-conotoxin MVIIA had no effect on the induced increase in pancreatic enzyme secretion. Our results demonstrate that Phα1β and CTK 01512-2 toxins-antagonists of HVCCs and TRPA1 receptor presented an effective response profile, in the control of nociception and inflammatory process in the AP model in rats, without causing changes in spontaneous locomotion of the rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Figueira da Silva
- Nucleo de Pós-graduação, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Araújo Buzelin
- Nucleo de Pós-graduação, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Duana Carvalho Dos Santos
- Nucleo de Pós-graduação, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danuza Montijo Diniz
- Nucleo de Pós-graduação, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nancy Scardua Binda
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - André Luiz Senna Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Elizete Maria Rita Pereira
- Nucleo de Pós-graduação, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Gomez
- Nucleo de Pós-graduação, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Analysis of Animal Well-Being When Supplementing Drinking Water with Tramadol or Metamizole during Chronic Pancreatitis. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122306. [PMID: 33291366 PMCID: PMC7762076 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pain management during in vivo experiments can considerably improve the wellbeing of animals. However, often it is not clear, which drugs are best for the animals and how to apply these drugs without causing stress. In this study, we evaluated mice when metamizole or tramadol was provided via drinking water. Neither of these two drugs reduced the amount of consumed water or body weight in healthy mice or influenced their natural behavior, such as nest building or burrowing activity. Both analgesics were then given to mice suffering from chronic pancreatitis. Mice drinking tramadol supplemented water, at some time-points, experienced less loss in body weight and consumed more water than mice drinking metamizole. However, no major differences in other methods measuring wellbeing of mice was observed. In conclusion, both analgesics can be used during chronic pancreatitis, but tramadol seems to be moderately advantageous when compared to metamizole. Abstract Pain management during in vivo experiments is an animal welfare concern and is in many countries also legally required. In this study, we evaluated C57Bl/6J mice when 3 g/L metamizole or 1 g/L tramadol was provided via drinking water, before and during cerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis. Supplementation of drinking water with metamizole or tramadol did not significantly reduce the amount of consumed water. In order to evaluate the wellbeing of mice, a distress score, burrowing activity, nesting behavior, and body weight was assessed. Before induction of pancreatitis, neither tramadol nor metamizole influenced these readout parameters. Chronic pancreatitis caused a significantly increased distress score, decreased burrowing activity and a reduction in body weight. Mice drinking tramadol-supplemented water experienced less loss in body weight and consumed more water than mice drinking metamizole, at a few time-points during chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic atrophy, a characteristic feature of chronic pancreatitis was not differentially influenced by either analgesic. In conclusion, both analgesics can be used during 33 days of chronic pancreatitis, but tramadol seems to be moderately advantageous when compared to metamizole.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang F, Qi XM, Wertz R, Mortensen M, Hagen C, Evans J, Sheinin Y, James M, Liu P, Tsai S, Thomas J, Mackinnon A, Dwinell M, Myers CR, Bartrons Bach R, Fu L, Chen G. p38γ MAPK Is Essential for Aerobic Glycolysis and Pancreatic Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3251-3264. [PMID: 32580961 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
KRAS is mutated in most pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and yet remains undruggable. Here, we report that p38γ MAPK, which promotes PDAC tumorigenesis by linking KRAS signaling and aerobic glycolysis (also called the Warburg effect), is a novel therapeutic target. p38γ interacted with a glycolytic activator PFKFB3 that was dependent on mutated KRAS. KRAS transformation and overexpression of p38γ increased expression of PFKFB3 and glucose transporter GLUT2, conversely, silencing mutant KRAS, and p38γ decreased PFKFB3 and GLUT2 expression. p38γ phosphorylated PFKFB3 at S467, stabilized PFKFB3, and promoted their interaction with GLUT2. Pancreatic knockout of p38γ decreased p-PFKFB3/PFKFB3/GLUT2 protein levels, reduced aerobic glycolysis, and inhibited PDAC tumorigenesis in KPC mice. PFKFB3 and GLUT2 depended on p38γ to stimulate glycolysis and PDAC growth and p38γ required PFKFB3/S467 to promote these activities. A p38γ inhibitor cooperated with a PFKFB3 inhibitor to blunt aerobic glycolysis and PDAC growth, which was dependent on p38γ. Moreover, overexpression of p38γ, p-PFKFB3, PFKFB3, and GLUT2 in PDAC predicted poor clinical prognosis. These results indicate that p38γ links KRAS oncogene signaling and aerobic glycolysis to promote pancreatic tumorigenesis through PFKFB3 and GLUT2, and that p38γ and PFKFB3 may be targeted for therapeutic intervention in PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that p38γ links KRAS oncogene signaling and the Warburg effect through PFKBF3 and Glut2 to promote pancreatic tumorigenesis, which can be disrupted via inhibition of p38γ and PFKFB3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Qi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ryan Wertz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew Mortensen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Catherine Hagen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John Evans
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yuri Sheinin
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael James
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Susan Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - James Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Michael Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Charles R Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ramon Bartrons Bach
- Department de Ciencies Fisiologiques, Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liwu Fu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. .,Research Service, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumstel S, Wendt EHU, Eichberg J, Talbot SR, Häger C, Zhang X, Abdelrahman A, Schönrogge M, Palme R, Bleich A, Vollmar B, Zechner D. Grading animal distress and side effects of therapies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1473:20-34. [PMID: 32207155 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In order to combine high-quality research with minimal harm to animals, a prospective severity assessment for animal experiments is legally required in many countries. In addition, an assessment of the evidence-based severity level might allow realistic harm-benefit analysis and the appraisal of refinement methods. However, only a few examples describe the distress of animals by simple, cost-efficient, and noninvasive methods. We, therefore, evaluated the severity of an orthotopic mouse model for pancreatic cancer using C57BL/6J mice when pursuing two different chemotherapies. We assessed fecal corticosterone metabolites, body weight, distress score, and burrowing, as well as nesting activity. Moreover, we established a multifactorial model using multivariate logistic regression to describe animal distress. This multifactorial analysis revealed that metformin + galloflavin treatment caused higher distress than metformin + α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate therapy. Similar results were obtained by using the best cutoff calculated by Youden's J index when using only single parameters, such as burrowing activity or fecal corticosterone metabolite concentration. Thus, the present study revealed that single readout parameters, as well as multivariate analysis, can help to assess the severity of animal experiments and detect side effects of therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kumstel
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Edgar H U Wendt
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johanna Eichberg
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christine Häger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ahmed Abdelrahman
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maria Schönrogge
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qiu Y, Huang L, Fu J, Han C, Fang J, Liao P, Chen Z, Mo Y, Sun P, Liao D, Yang L, Wang J, Zhang Q, Liu J, Liu F, Liu T, Huang W, Yang H, Jiang R. TREK Channel Family Activator with a Well-Defined Structure–Activation Relationship for Pain and Neurogenic Inflammation. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3665-3677. [PMID: 32162512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunguang Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chenxia Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ping Liao
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yiqing Mo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peihua Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Daqing Liao
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Linghui Yang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Qiansen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ruotian Jiang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Geisz A, Jancsó Z, Németh BC, Hegyi E, Sahin-Tóth M. Natural single-nucleotide deletion in chymotrypsinogen C gene increases severity of secretagogue-induced pancreatitis in C57BL/6 mice. JCI Insight 2019; 4:e129717. [PMID: 31211695 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to chronic pancreatitis in humans is frequently associated with mutations that increase activation of the digestive protease trypsin. Intrapancreatic trypsin activation is an early event in experimental acute pancreatitis in rodents, suggesting that trypsin is a key driver of pathology. In contrast to trypsin, the pancreatic protease chymotrypsin serves a protective function by mitigating trypsin activation through degradation. In humans, loss-of-function mutations in chymotrypsin C (CTRC) are common risk factors for chronic pancreatitis; however, the pathogenic effect of CTRC deficiency has not been corroborated in animal models yet. Here we report that C57BL/6 mice that are widely used for genetic manipulations do not express functional CTRC due to a single-nucleotide deletion in exon 2 of the Ctrc gene. We restored a functional Ctrc locus in C57BL/6N mice and demonstrated that in the novel Ctrc+ strain the severity of cerulein-induced experimental acute and chronic pancreatitis was significantly ameliorated. Improved disease parameters were associated with reduced intrapancreatic trypsin activation suggesting a causal link between CTRC-mediated trypsinogen degradation and protection against pancreatitis. Taken together with prior human genetic and biochemical studies, the observations provide conclusive evidence for the protective role of CTRC against pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Geisz
- Center for Exocrine Disorders, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zsanett Jancsó
- Center for Exocrine Disorders, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Balázs Csaba Németh
- Center for Exocrine Disorders, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eszter Hegyi
- Center for Exocrine Disorders, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Center for Exocrine Disorders, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hong GS, Stein K, Lysson M, Kalff J, Wehner S. A comparative study about the immunomodulatory effects of tramadol and metamizole in a murine model of postoperative ileus. Lab Anim 2019; 53:610-618. [PMID: 30907232 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219832919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication after abdominal surgery characterized by motility disturbances leading to increased morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. Intestinal manipulation of the murine small bowel is an established animal model resulting in an increased postsurgical inflammation within the intestinal muscular externa and a delayed gastrointestinal transit. Some analgesics have been shown to affect inflammation. In this study, we compared the immunomodulatory effects of two different analgesics. Mice were treated with tramadol, metamizole or saline as a control in our established POI model. The postoperative inflammatory response was assessed by gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines at different time points and immunocytes extravasation into the muscularis externa. Functional motility analyses were performed by a gastrointestinal transit measurement. Metamizole application reduced the pro-inflammatory response after surgery and improved gastrointestinal motility, while tramadol showed no alteration in cytokine gene expression, influx of immunocytes and gastrointestinal transit compared with the controls. In conclusion. we suggest tramadol as analgesia in immunological studies on POI in mice as it does not affect the underlying inflammation of POI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Soo Hong
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn Germany
| | - Kathy Stein
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn Germany
| | | | - Joerg Kalff
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn Germany
| | - Sven Wehner
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bauer C, Schillinger U, Brandl J, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Ott A, Baumgartner C. Comparison of pre-emptive butorphanol or metamizole with ketamine +medetomidine and s-ketamine + medetomidine anaesthesia in improving intraoperative analgesia in mice. Lab Anim 2018; 53:459-469. [PMID: 30526293 DOI: 10.1177/0023677218815208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In accordance with the 'refinement' component of the 3Rs, the primary aim of this study was to investigate and compare ketamine + medetomidine (KM) and s-ketamine + medetomidine (SKM) anaesthetic protocols in C57BL/6J mice (both sexes). We sought to determine whether s-ketamine could provide adequate surgical tolerance at a 50% dose relative to that of ketamine racemate and whether antagonism of medetomidine could be initiated 15 min earlier. The second aim was to investigate the potential improvement in analgesia for both anaesthetic protocols by adding butorphanol or metamizole. Analgesia was tested via the pedal withdrawal reaction (PWR) to a painful stimulus. During anaesthesia, respiratory frequency, pulse oximetry, body temperature and PWR were monitored. Among the 16 mice in each group, the PWR was lost in all the KM + metamizole (35:56 ± 6:07 min), KM + butorphanol (43:45 ± 2:14 min) and SKM + butorphanol (24:03 ± 5:50 min) mice, 15 of the non-premedicated KM (37:00 ± 8:11 min) mice, and 9 of the pure SKM (20:00 ± 4:19 min) mice; the latter group increased to 11 mice (17:16 ± 5:10 min) with premedication of metamizole. In contrast to the racemic combination, s-ketamine at the dose used here did not lead to sufficient loss of the PWR. However, earlier partial antagonism of SKM resulted in a slightly shorter and qualitatively better recovery than later partial antagonism of SKM. The addition of metamizole or butorphanol to KM or SKM anaesthesia positively influences the analgesic quality. However, when butorphanol is added, controlled ventilation may be necessary, especially for male mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bauer
- Centre of Preclinical Research, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - U Schillinger
- Centre of Preclinical Research, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - J Brandl
- Centre of Preclinical Research, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - A Ott
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - C Baumgartner
- Centre of Preclinical Research, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhan X, Wang F, Bi Y, Ji B. Animal models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G343-55. [PMID: 27418683 PMCID: PMC5076005 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00372.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of pancreatitis are useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and developing and testing novel interventions. In this review, we aim to summarize the most commonly used animal models, overview their pathophysiology, and discuss their strengths and limitations. We will also briefly describe common animal study procedures and refer readers to more detailed protocols in the literature. Although animal models include pigs, dogs, opossums, and other animals, we will mainly focus on rodent models because of their popularity. Autoimmune pancreatitis and genetically engineered animal models will be reviewed elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Zhan
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida and
| | - Fan Wang
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida and
| | - Yan Bi
- 2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida and
| |
Collapse
|