1
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Wang W, Zhou X, Kong L, Pan Z, Chen G. BUB1 Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Ferroptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1540. [PMID: 38672622 PMCID: PMC11048608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of chemotherapy resistance severely limits the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine (GEM) in pancreatic cancer (PC), and the dysregulation of ferroptosis is a crucial factor in the development of chemotherapy resistance. BUB1 Mitotic Checkpoint Serine/Threonine Kinase (BUB1) is highly overexpressed in PC patients and is closely associated with patient prognosis. However, none of the literature reports the connection between BUB1 and ferroptosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying GEM resistance are also not well understood. Therefore, this study first established the high expression levels of BUB1 in PC patients, then explored the role of BUB1 in the process of ferroptosis, and finally investigated the mechanisms by which BUB1 regulates ferroptosis and contributes to GEM resistance in PC cells. In this study, downregulation of BUB1 enhanced the sensitivity of PC cells to Erastin, and inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, BUB1 could inhibit the expression levels of Neurofibromin 2 (NF2) and MOB kinase activator 1 (MOB1), and promote Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and promoting GEM resistance in PC cells. Furthermore, the combination of BUB1 inhibition with GEM exhibited a synergistic therapeutic effect. These findings reveal the mechanisms underlying the development of GEM chemotherapy resistance based on ferroptosis and suggest that the combined use of BUB1 inhibitors may be an effective approach to enhance GEM efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Wang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (W.W.); (L.K.); (Z.P.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Breast Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Lingming Kong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (W.W.); (L.K.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zhenyan Pan
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (W.W.); (L.K.); (Z.P.)
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (W.W.); (L.K.); (Z.P.)
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2
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Li Y, Zheng Z, Xiao L, Chen Y, Liu X, Long D, Chai L, Li Y, Tan C. Dinaciclib exerts a tumor-suppressing effect via β-catenin/YAP axis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:140-154. [PMID: 37694833 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Dinaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) inhibitor, has significant anti-tumor properties. However, the precise mechanism of dinaciclib requires further investigation. Herein, we investigated the anti-tumor functions and molecular basis of dinaciclib in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC and matched para-carcinoma specimens were collected from the patients who underwent radical resection. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess CDK5 expression. Cell proliferation ability, migration, and invasion were measured using Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, and transwell assay, respectively. The cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry. Gene expression was examined using RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expression of proteins was measured by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. Tumor-bearing mice were intraperitoneally injected with dinaciclib. CDK5 is highly expressed in PDAC. The expression level of CDK5 was significantly related to tumor size, T stage, and the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage. High CDK5 expression can predict poor survival in PDAC patients. In addition, the expression level of CDK5 might be an independent prognostic factor for PDAC patients. Dinaciclib inhibits the growth and motility of PDAC cells and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Mechanistically, dinaciclib down-regulated yes-associated protein (YAP) mRNA and protein expression by reducing β-catenin expression. Moreover, dinaciclib significantly inhibited PDAC cell growth in vivo . Our findings reveal a novel anti-tumor mechanism of dinaciclib in which it decreases YAP expression by down-regulating β-catenin at the transcriptional level rather than by activating Hippo pathway-mediated phosphorylation-dependent degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Li
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Zhenjiang Zheng
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Xubao Liu
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Dan Long
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Diseaserelated Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Li Chai
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chunlu Tan
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
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3
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Li O, Li L, Sheng Y, Ke K, Wu J, Mou Y, Liu M, Jin W. Biological characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Initiation to malignancy, intracellular to extracellular. Cancer Lett 2023; 574:216391. [PMID: 37714257 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly life-threatening tumour with a low early-detection rate, rapid progression and a tendency to develop resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying the initiation, development and metastasis of pancreatic cancer is necessary for enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. In this review, we summarised single-gene mutations (including KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, SMAD4 and some other less prevalent mutations), epigenetic changes (including DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA interference) and large chromosome alterations (such as copy number variations, chromosome rearrangements and chromothripsis) associated with PDAC. In addition, we discussed variations in signalling pathways that act as intermediate oncogenic factors in PDAC, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, Hippo and TGF-β signalling pathways. The focus of this review was to investigate alterations in the microenvironment of PDAC, particularly the role of immunosuppressive cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, lymphocytes, other para-cancerous cells and tumour extracellular matrix in tumour progression. Peripheral axons innervating the pancreas have been reported to play a crucial role in the development of cancer. In addition, tumour cells can influence the behaviour of neighbouring non-tumour cells by secreting certain factors, both locally and at a distance. In this review, we elucidated the alterations in intracellular molecules and the extracellular environment that occur during the progression of PDAC. Altogether, this review may enhance the understanding of the biological characteristics of PDAC and guide the development of more precise treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Li
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Li
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunru Sheng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Ke
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiping Mou
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China; Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Weiwei Jin
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Fard D, Giraudo E, Tamagnone L. Mind the (guidance) signals! Translational relevance of semaphorins, plexins, and neuropilins in pancreatic cancer. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:817-829. [PMID: 37598000 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a major cause of demise worldwide. Although key associated genetic changes have been discovered, disease progression is sustained by pathogenic mechanisms that are poorly understood at the molecular level. In particular, the tissue microenvironment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is usually characterized by high stromal content, scarce recruitment of immune cells, and the presence of neuronal fibers. Semaphorins and their receptors, plexins and neuropilins, comprise a wide family of regulatory signals that control neurons, endothelial and immune cells, embryo development, and normal tissue homeostasis, as well as the microenvironment of human tumors. We focus on the role of these molecular signals in pancreatic cancer progression, as revealed by experimental research and clinical studies, including novel approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Fard
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Julius P, Siyumbwa SN, Maate F, Moonga P, Kang G, Kaile T, West JT, Wood C, Angeletti PC. Yes-associated protein-1 overexpression in ocular surface squamous neoplasia; a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1213426. [PMID: 37476371 PMCID: PMC10354641 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1213426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP-1) is a Hippo system transcription factor, which serves as an oncogene in squamous cell carcinoma, and several solid tumors when the Hippo pathway is dysregulated. Yet, the activity of YAP-1 in ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) has not been determined. Here, we investigate the relationship between YAP-1 overexpression and OSSN. Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited 227 OSSN patients from the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess YAP-1 protein overexpression in tumor tissue relative to surrounding benign squamous epithelium. OSSN patient samples (preinvasive, n = 62, 27% and invasive, n = 165, 73%) were studied. One hundred forty-nine invasive tumors contained adjacent preinvasive tissue, bringing the total number of preinvasive lesions examined to 211 (62 + 149). There was adjacent benign squamous epithelium in 50.2% (114/227) of OSSN samples. Nuclear YAP- 1 was significantly overexpressed in preinvasive (Fisher's (F): p <.0001, Monte Carlo (MC): p <.0001) and invasive (F: p <.0001, MC: p <.0001) OSSN in comparison to adjacent benign squamous epithelium when analyzed for basal keratinocyte positive count, staining intensity, expression pattern, and Immunostaining intensity-distribution index. YAP-1 expression did not differ between preinvasive and invasive OSSN (p >.05), keratinizing and non- keratinizing cancer (p >.05), or between T1/T2 and T3/T4 stages in invasive tumors (p >.05). However, grade 2 and 3 tumors had significantly stronger nucleus YAP-1 overexpression intensity than grade 1 tumors (F: p = .0078, MC: p = .0489). By immunohistochemistry, we identified significant overexpression (upregulation of YAP-1 protein expression) in preinvasive and invasive OSSN lesions compared to neighboring benign squamous epithelium. YAP-1 expression was significantly higher in poorly and moderately differentiated invasive squamous cancer than in well-differentiated carcinomas. Overexpression of YAP-1 within the margin of preinvasive and invasive OSSN, but not in the neighboring normal epithelium, indicates that it plays a role in the development and progression of OSSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Julius
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Stepfanie N. Siyumbwa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Fred Maate
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Phyllis Moonga
- University Teaching Hospital, Eye Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Guobin Kang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Trevor Kaile
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John T. West
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Charles Wood
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Peter C. Angeletti
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, United States
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6
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Gurreri E, Genovese G, Perelli L, Agostini A, Piro G, Carbone C, Tortora G. KRAS-Dependency in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Mechanisms of Escaping in Resistance to KRAS Inhibitors and Perspectives of Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119313. [PMID: 37298264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still one of the deadliest cancers in oncology because of its increasing incidence and poor survival rate. More than 90% of PDAC patients are KRAS mutated (KRASmu), with KRASG12D and KRASG12V being the most common mutations. Despite this critical role, its characteristics have made direct targeting of the RAS protein extremely difficult. KRAS regulates development, cell growth, epigenetically dysregulated differentiation, and survival in PDAC through activation of key downstream pathways, such as MAPK-ERK and PI3K-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, in a KRAS-dependent manner. KRASmu induces the occurrence of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and leads to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this context, the oncogenic mutation of KRAS induces an epigenetic program that leads to the initiation of PDAC. Several studies have identified multiple direct and indirect inhibitors of KRAS signaling. Therefore, KRAS dependency is so essential in KRASmu PDAC that cancer cells have secured several compensatory escape mechanisms to counteract the efficacy of KRAS inhibitors, such as activation of MEK/ERK signaling or YAP1 upregulation. This review will provide insights into KRAS dependency in PDAC and analyze recent data on inhibitors of KRAS signaling, focusing on how cancer cells establish compensatory escape mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gurreri
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77025, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77025, USA
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77025, USA
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Luigi Perelli
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Antonio Agostini
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Geny Piro
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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7
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Bhavnagari H, Raval A, Shah F. Deciphering Potential Role of Hippo Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3505-3518. [PMID: 38141194 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128274418231215054210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and a leading malignancy around the world. It is a vital cause of untimely mortality among women. Drug resistance is the major challenge for effective cancer therapeutics. In contrast, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are one of the reasons for drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. The small population of CSCs present in each tumor has the ability of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity. CSCs are often identified and enriched using a variety of cell surface markers (CD44, CD24, CD133, ABCG2, CD49f, LGR5, SSEA-3, CD70) that exert their functions by different regulatory networks, i.e., Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog (Hh), and Hippo signaling pathways. Particularly the Hippo signaling pathway is the emerging and very less explored cancer stem cell pathway. Here, in this review, the Hippo signaling molecules are elaborated with respect to their ability of stemness as epigenetic modulators and how these molecules can be targeted for better cancer treatment and to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunayna Bhavnagari
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Apexa Raval
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Franky Shah
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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8
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The role of RAS oncogenes in controlling epithelial mechanics. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:60-69. [PMID: 36175301 PMCID: PMC9850021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in RAS are key oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets. Oncogenic Ras proteins activate a network of downstream signalling pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), promoting cell proliferation and survival. However, there is increasing evidence that RAS oncogenes also alter the mechanical properties of both individual malignant cells and transformed tissues. Here we discuss the role of oncogenic RAS in controlling mechanical cell phenotypes and how these mechanical changes promote oncogenic transformation in single cells and tissues. RAS activation alters actin organisation and actomyosin contractility. These changes alter cell rheology and impact mechanosensing through changes in substrate adhesion and YAP/TAZ-dependent mechanotransduction. We then discuss how these changes play out in cell collectives and epithelial tissues by driving large-scale tissue deformations and the expansion of malignant cells. Uncovering how RAS oncogenes alter cell mechanics will lead to a better understanding of the morphogenetic processes that underlie tumour formation in RAS-mutant cancers.
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9
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Dai M, Chen S, Teng X, Chen K, Cheng W. KRAS as a Key Oncogene in the Clinical Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:3209-3220. [PMID: 36118526 PMCID: PMC9475360 DOI: 10.7150/jca.76695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant tumors, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. At present, the comprehensive treatment based on surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy has encountered a bottleneck, and targeted immunotherapy turns to be the direction of future development. About 90% of PDAC patients have KRAS mutations, and KRAS has been widely used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PDAC in recent years. With the development of liquid biopsy and gene testing, KRAS is expected to become a new biomarker to assist the stratification and prognosis of PDAC patients. An increasing number of small molecule inhibitors acting on the KRAS pathway are being developed and put into the clinic, providing more options for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxiong Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China.,Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China.,Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Xiong Teng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China.,Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China.,Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China.,Xiangyue Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, National Clinical Center for Schistosomiasis Treatment, Yueyang 414000, Hunan Province, China.,Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China
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10
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Shibata O, Kamimura K, Tanaka Y, Ogawa K, Owaki T, Oda C, Morita S, Kimura A, Abe H, Ikarashi S, Hayashi K, Yokoo T, Terai S. Establishment of a pancreatic cancer animal model using the pancreas-targeted hydrodynamic gene delivery method. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:342-352. [PMID: 35474735 PMCID: PMC9018811 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This research developed an easy-to-use, reproducible pancreatic cancer animal model utilizing pancreas-targeted hydrodynamic gene delivery to deliver human pancreatic cancer-related genes to the pancreas of wild-type rats. KRASG12D-induced pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions showed malignant transformation in the main pancreatic duct at 4 weeks and developed acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, which led to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma within 5 weeks, and the gene combination of KRASG12D and YAP enhanced these effects. The repeat hydrodynamic gene delivery of KRASG12D + YAP combination at 4 weeks showed acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in all rats and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in 80% of rats 1 week later. Metastatic tumors in the liver, lymph nodes, and subcutaneous lesions and nervous invasion were confirmed. KRASG12D and YAP combined transfer contributes to the E- to N-cadherin switch in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and to tumor metastases. This pancreatic cancer model will speed up pancreatic cancer research for novel treatments and biomarkers for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Corresponding author. Kenya Kamimura, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuto Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Owaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Chiyumi Oda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichi Morita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikarashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunao Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori Chuo–ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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11
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The Hippo pathway in cancer: YAP/TAZ and TEAD as therapeutic targets in cancer. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:197-222. [PMID: 35119068 PMCID: PMC8819670 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a highly complex process, involving many interrelated and cross-acting signalling pathways. One such pathway that has garnered much attention in the field of cancer research over the last decade is the Hippo signalling pathway. Consisting of two antagonistic modules, the pathway plays an integral role in both tumour suppressive and oncogenic processes, generally via regulation of a diverse set of genes involved in a range of biological functions. This review discusses the history of the pathway within the context of cancer and explores some of the most recent discoveries as to how this critical transducer of cellular signalling can influence cancer progression. A special focus is on the various recent efforts to therapeutically target the key effectors of the pathway in both preclinical and clinical settings.
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12
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Casati G, Giunti L, Iorio AL, Marturano A, Galli L, Sardi I. Hippo Pathway in Regulating Drug Resistance of Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413431. [PMID: 34948224 PMCID: PMC8705144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common and malignant tumor of the Central Nervous System (CNS), affecting both children and adults. GBM is one of the deadliest tumor types and it shows a strong multidrug resistance (MDR) and an immunosuppressive microenvironment which remain a great challenge to therapy. Due to the high recurrence of GBM after treatment, the understanding of the chemoresistance phenomenon and how to stimulate the antitumor immune response in this pathology is crucial. The deregulation of the Hippo pathway is involved in tumor genesis, chemoresistance and immunosuppressive nature of GBM. This pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway with a kinase cascade core, which controls the translocation of YAP (Yes-Associated Protein)/TAZ (Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif) into the nucleus, leading to regulation of organ size and growth. With this review, we want to highlight how chemoresistance and tumor immunosuppression work in GBM and how the Hippo pathway has a key role in them. We linger on the role of the Hippo pathway evaluating the effect of its de-regulation among different human cancers. Moreover, we consider how different pathways are cross-linked with the Hippo signaling in GBM genesis and the hypothetical mechanisms responsible for the Hippo pathway activation in GBM. Furthermore, we describe various drugs targeting the Hippo pathway. In conclusion, all the evidence described largely support a strong involvement of the Hippo pathway in gliomas progression, in the activation of chemoresistance mechanisms and in the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, this pathway is a promising target for the treatment of high grade gliomas and in particular of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Casati
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Giunti
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Anna Lisa Iorio
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Arianna Marturano
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Luisa Galli
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Iacopo Sardi
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
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13
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Yan H, Yu CC, Fine SA, Youssof AL, Yang YR, Yan J, Karg DC, Cheung EC, Friedman RA, Ying H, Chen EI, Luo J, Miao Y, Qiu W, Su GH. Loss of the wild-type KRAS allele promotes pancreatic cancer progression through functional activation of YAP1. Oncogene 2021; 40:6759-6771. [PMID: 34663879 PMCID: PMC8688281 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harboring one KRAS mutant allele often displays increasing genomic loss of the remaining wild-type (WT) allele (known as LOH at KRAS) as tumors progress to metastasis, yet the molecular ramification of this WT allelic loss is unknown. In this study, we showed that the restoration of WT KRAS expression in human PDAC cell lines with LOH at KRAS significantly attenuated the malignancy of PDAC cells both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating a tumor-suppressive role of the WT KRAS allele. Through RNA-Seq, we identified the HIPPO signaling pathway to be positively regulated by WT KRAS in PDAC cells. In accordance with this observation, PDAC cells with LOH at KRAS exhibited increased nuclear localization and activation of transcriptional co-activator YAP1. Mechanistically, we discovered that WT KRAS expression sequestered YAP1 from the nucleus, through enhanced 14-3-3zeta interaction with phosphorylated YAP1 at S127. Consistently, expression of a constitutively-active YAP1 mutant in PDAC cells bypassed the growth inhibitory effects of WT KRAS. In patient samples, we found that the YAP1-activation genes were significantly upregulated in tumors with LOH at KRAS, and YAP1 nuclear localization predicted poor survival for PDAC patients. Collectively, our results reveal that the WT allelic loss leads to functional activation of YAP1 and enhanced tumor malignancy, which explains the selection advantage of the tumor cells with LOH at KRAS during pancreatic cancer clonal evolution and progression to metastasis, and should be taken into consideration in future therapeutic strategies targeting KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Pancreas Center & Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chih-Chieh Yu
- The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart A Fine
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ayman Lee Youssof
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ye-Ran Yang
- The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, TJ, China
| | - Dillon C Karg
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edwin C Cheung
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard A Friedman
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily I Chen
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ji Luo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center & Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanglong Qiu
- The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gloria H Su
- The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Pancreas Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Rozengurt E, Eibl G. Crosstalk between KRAS, SRC and YAP Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer: Interactions Leading to Aggressive Disease and Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5126. [PMID: 34680275 PMCID: PMC8533944 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the predominant form of pancreatic cancer, remains a devastating disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent literature on mechanistic and translational developments that advance our understanding of a complex crosstalk between KRAS, YAP and Src tyrosine kinase family (SFK) in PDAC development and maintenance. We discuss recent studies indicating the importance of RAS dimerization in signal transduction and new findings showing that the potent pro-oncogenic members of the SFK phosphorylate and inhibit RAS function. These surprising findings imply that RAS may not play a crucial role in maintaining certain subtypes of PDAC. In support of this interpretation, current evidence indicates that the survival of the basal-like subtype of PDAC is less dependent on RAS but relies, at least in part, on the activity of YAP/TAZ. Based on current evidence, we propose that SFK propels PDAC cells to a state of high metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reduced dependence on KRAS signaling, salient features of the aggressive basal-like/squamous subtype of PDAC. Strategies for PDAC treatment should consider the opposite effects of tyrosine phosphorylation on KRAS and SFK/YAP in the design of drug combinations that target these novel crosstalk mechanisms and overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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15
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Sun T, Peng H, Mao W, Ma L, Liu H, Mai J, Jiao L. Autophagy-mediated negative feedback attenuates the oncogenic activity of YAP in pancreatic cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3634-3645. [PMID: 34512171 PMCID: PMC8416727 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal malignancy in humans, and new therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Yes-associated protein (YAP) plays a significant role in cancer progression. Autophagy is also closely associated with various human cancers. However, the interplay between YAP and autophagy in PDAC remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that YAP was upregulated and activated in PDAC. Further analysis revealed that there is a YAP-autophagy feedback loop in pancreatic cancer. Mechanistically, YAP activates autophagy by promoting Atg5 transcription via TEAD1-mediated binding, while autophagy negatively regulates YAP through autophagic degradation. The hyperactivation of YAP in PDAC unbalances the YAP-autophagy circuit and promotes cancer progression. Inhibition of autophagy enhances the oncogenic activity of YAP in PDAC. The autophagy activator rapamycin promotes the antitumor effect of verteporfin, a YAP inhibitor. Therefore, our study elucidated the interaction between YAP and autophagy in PDAC and our results suggest that targeting the YAP-autophagy circuit may be a new therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wenhao Mao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Liwei Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jia Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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16
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UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2, a regulator of glycogen synthesis and glycosylation, is critical for pancreatic cancer growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103592118. [PMID: 34330832 PMCID: PMC8346792 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103592118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2), the enzyme that synthesizes uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose, rests at the convergence of multiple metabolic pathways, however, the role of UGP2 in tumor maintenance and cancer metabolism remains unclear. Here, we identify an important role for UGP2 in the maintenance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth in both in vitro and in vivo tumor models. We found that transcription of UGP2 is directly regulated by the Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)-TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) complex, identifying UGP2 as a bona fide YAP target gene. Loss of UGP2 leads to decreased intracellular glycogen levels and defects in N-glycosylation targets that are important for the survival of PDACs, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These critical roles of UGP2 in cancer maintenance, metabolism, and protein glycosylation may offer insights into therapeutic options for otherwise intractable PDACs.
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17
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Hayashi H, Uemura N, Zhao L, Matsumura K, Sato H, Shiraishi Y, Baba H. Biological Significance of YAP/TAZ in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:700315. [PMID: 34395269 PMCID: PMC8358930 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal types of cancer. Despite major advances in defining the molecular mutations driving PDAC, this disease remains universally lethal with an overall 5-year survival rate of only about 7–8%. Genetic alterations in PDAC are exemplified by four critical genes (KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4) that are frequently mutated. Among these, KRAS mutation ranges from 88% to 100% in several studies. Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved network that plays a key role in normal organ development and tissue regeneration. Its core consists of the serine/threonine kinases mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 and 2 (MST1/2) and large tumor suppressor 1 and 2. Interestingly, pancreas-specific MST1/2 double knockout mice have been reported to display a decreased pancreas mass. Many of the genes involved in the Hippo signaling pathway are recognized as tumor suppressors, while the Hippo transducers Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are identified as oncogenes. By dephosphorylation, YAP and TAZ accumulate in the nucleus and interact with transcription factors such as TEA domain transcription factor-1, 2, 3, and 4. Dysregulation of Hippo signaling and activation of YAP/TAZ have been recognized in a variety of human solid cancers, including PDAC. Recent studies have elucidated that YAP/TAZ play a crucial role in the induction of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, an initial step in the progression to PDAC, in genetically engineered mouse models. YAP and TAZ also play a key role in the development of PDAC by both KRAS-dependent and KRAS-independent bypass mechanisms. YAP/TAZ have become extensively studied in PDAC and their biological importance during the development and progression of PDAC has been uncovered. In this review, we summarize the biological significance of a dysregulated Hippo signaling pathway or activated YAP/TAZ in PDAC and propose a role for YAP/TAZ as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Norio Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Liu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Matsumura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuta Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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18
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Wang S, Zheng Y, Yang F, Zhu L, Zhu XQ, Wang ZF, Wu XL, Zhou CH, Yan JY, Hu BY, Kong B, Fu DL, Bruns C, Zhao Y, Qin LX, Dong QZ. The molecular biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: translational challenges and clinical perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:249. [PMID: 34219130 PMCID: PMC8255319 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality with a tight correspondence between disease mortality and incidence. Furthermore, it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with a very dismal prognosis. Due to the high heterogeneity, metabolic reprogramming, and dense stromal environment associated with pancreatic cancer, patients benefit little from current conventional therapy. Recent insight into the biology and genetics of pancreatic cancer has supported its molecular classification, thus expanding clinical therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize how the biological features of pancreatic cancer and its metabolic reprogramming as well as the tumor microenvironment regulate its development and progression. We further discuss potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis, prediction, and surveillance based on novel liquid biopsies. We also outline recent advances in defining pancreatic cancer subtypes and subtype-specific therapeutic responses and current preclinical therapeutic models. Finally, we discuss prospects and challenges in the clinical development of pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe-Fang Wang
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiao-Lin Wu
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hui Zhou
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jia-Yan Yan
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - De-Liang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christiane Bruns
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key laboratory of whole-period monitoring and precise intervention of digestive cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (SMHC), Shanghai, China.
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19
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Gu M, Gao Y, Chang P. KRAS Mutation Dictates the Cancer Immune Environment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Other Adenocarcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102429. [PMID: 34069772 PMCID: PMC8157241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The vast majority of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas harbor KRAS mutations in their tumors. Functionally, mutated KRAS is not only dedicated to tumor cell proliferation, survival and invasiveness, but also causing the immunosuppression in this cancer. In this situation, current data indicating the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are still not satisfying. In order to reflect the present bottleneck of immune checkpoint inhibitors in managing this cancer, we mainly provide information associated with the mechanism by which KRAS mutations establish the immunosuppressive milieus in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Together with other advances in this field, future directions to overcome the KRAS mutation-induced immunosuppression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are raised as well. Meanwhile, lung adenocarcinomas and colorectal adenocarcinomas are enumerated to compare with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, aiming to indicate the specificity of KRAS mutations in dictating tumoral immune milieus among these cancers. Abstract Generally, patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, especially those with wide metastatic lesions, have a poor prognosis. Recently, a breakthrough in improving their survival has been achieved by using first-line chemotherapy, such as gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel or oxaliplatin plus irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil plus calcium folinate. Unfortunately, regimens with high effectiveness are still absent in second- or later-line settings. In addition, although immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors definitively represents a novel method for metastatic cancers, monotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors is almost completely ineffective for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas largely due to the suppressive immune milieu in such tumors. Critically, the genomic alteration pattern is believed to impact cancer immune environment. Surprisingly, KRAS gene mutation is found in almost all pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Moreover, KRAS mutation is indispensable for pancreatic carcinogenesis. On these bases, a relationship likely exists between this oncogene and immunosuppression in this cancer. During pancreatic carcinogenesis, KRAS mutation-driven events, such as metabolic reprogramming, cell autophagy, and persistent activation of the yes-associated protein pathway, converge to cause immune evasion. However, intriguingly, KRAS mutation can dictate a different immune environment in other types of adenocarcinoma, such as colorectal adenocarcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma. Overall, the KRAS mutation can drive an immunosuppression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas or in colorectal carcinomas, but this mechanism is not true in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinomas, especially in the presence of TP53 inactivation. As a result, the response of these adenocarcinomas to checkpoint inhibitors will vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Yanli Gao
- Department of Pediatric Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Pengyu Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-88783840; Fax: +86-431-88783840
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20
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Huang S, Li Y, Hu J, Li L, Liu Z, Guo H, Jiang B, Chen J, Li J, Xiang X, Deng J, Xiong J. LncRNA PWAR6 regulates proliferation and migration by epigenetically silencing YAP1 in tumorigenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4275-4286. [PMID: 33834618 PMCID: PMC8093982 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of regulators in multiple cancer biological processes. However, the functions of lncRNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified PWAR6 as a frequently down‐regulated lncRNA in PDAC samples as well as a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Down‐regulated PWAR6 was associated with multiple clinical outcomes, including advanced tumour stage, distant metastasis, and overall survival of PDAC patients. In our cell‐based assays, ectopic expression of PWAR6 dramatically repressed PDAC cells proliferation, invasion and migration, accelerated apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. In contrast, depletion of PWAR6 mediated by siRNA exhibited opposite effects on PDAC cell behaviours. In vivo study further validated the anti‐tumour role of PWAR6 in PDAC. By taking advantage of available online sources, we also identified YAP1 as a potential PWAR6 target gene. Negative correlation between YAP1 and PWAR6 expressions were observed in both online database and our PDAC samples. Notably, rescue experiments further indicated that YAP1 is an important downstream effector involved in PWAR6‐mediated functions. Mechanistically, PWAR6 could bind to methyltransferase EZH2, a core component of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) in regulating gene expression, and scaffold EZH2 to the promoter region of YAP1, resulting in epigenetic repression of YAP1. In conclusion, our data manifest the vital roles of PWAR6 in PDAC tumorigenesis and underscore the potential of PWAR6 as a promising target for PDAC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinhua Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital, Nanchang University, Xinyu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bailing Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junhe Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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21
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Su W, Zhu S, Chen K, Yang H, Tian M, Fu Q, Shi G, Feng S, Ren D, Jin X, Yang C. Overexpressed WDR3 induces the activation of Hippo pathway by interacting with GATA4 in pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:88. [PMID: 33648545 PMCID: PMC7923337 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WD repeat domain 3 (WDR3) is involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene regulation, cell cycle progression, signal transduction and apoptosis. However, the biological role of WDR3 in pancreatic cancer and the associated mechanism remains unclear. We seek to explore the immune-independent functions and relevant mechanism for WDR3 in pancreatic cancer. METHODS The GEPIA web tool was searched, and IHC assays were conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of WDR3 in pancreatic cancer patients. MTS, colony formation, and transwell assays were conducted to determine the biological role of WDR3 in human cancer. Western blot analysis, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of specific genes. An immunoprecipitation assay was used to explore protein-protein interactions. RESULTS Our study proved that overexpressed WDR3 was correlated with poor survival in pancreatic cancer and that WDR3 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, WDR3 activated the Hippo signaling pathway by inducing yes association protein 1 (YAP1) expression, and the combination of WDR3 silencing and administration of the YAP1 inhibitor TED-347 had a synergistic inhibitory effect on the progression of pancreatic cancer. Finally, the upregulation of YAP1 expression induced by WDR3 was dependent on an interaction with GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), the transcription factor of YAP1, which interaction induced the nuclear translocation of GATA4 in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel mechanism by which WDR3 plays a critical role in promoting pancreatic cancer progression by activating the Hippo signaling pathway through the interaction with GATA4. Therefore, WDR3 is potentially a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Shikai Zhu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongji Yang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingwu Tian
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.,Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02148, USA
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Jack Bell Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Shijian Feng
- Jack Bell Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Dianyun Ren
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Yang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China. .,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Mao W, Mai J, Peng H, Wan J, Sun T. YAP in pancreatic cancer: oncogenic role and therapeutic strategy. Theranostics 2021; 11:1753-1762. [PMID: 33408779 PMCID: PMC7778590 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, especially pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), remains a fatal disease with few efficacious treatments. The Hippo signaling pathway, an evolutionarily conserved signaling module, plays critical roles in tissue homeostasis, organ size control and tumorigenesis. The transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP), a major downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, is associated with various human cancers including PDAC. Considering its importance in cancer, YAP is emerging as a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the oncogenic role and regulatory mechanism of YAP in PDAC, and the potential therapeutic strategies targeting YAP.
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23
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Drexler R, Küchler M, Wagner KC, Reese T, Feyerabend B, Kleine M, Oldhafer KJ. The clinical relevance of the Hippo pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:373-391. [PMID: 33098447 PMCID: PMC7817599 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The Hippo pathway has broadened in cancer research in the past decade and revealed itself to be an important driver for tumorigenesis and metastatic spread. In this study, we investigated the clinical relevance of the Hippo pathway with regard to metastatic invasion, patients’ outcome and histopathological features. Methods Protein expression of components of the Hippo pathway were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using paraffin-embedded tissue from 103 patients who had been diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and had undergone surgery. Results were correlated with clinicopathological data, disease-free and overall survival. Results Immunohistochemistry studies in pancreatic tumour tissues revealed a significant upregulation of MST1, MST2, pLATS, pYAP and 14-3-3, representing the active Hippo pathway, in non-metastasized patients (p < 0.01). In turn, the pathway is more inactive in metastasized patients and relating liver metastases as LATS1, LATS2, YAP, transcriptional factors TEAD2 and TEAD3 were upregulated in these patients (p < 0.01). A higher pYAP expression was associated with a favorable OS and DFS. Conclusion The Hippo pathway is inactive in metastasized patients releasing the pro-metastatic and proliferative potential of the pathway. Furthermore, our study underlines the prognostic relevance of the Hippo pathway as a shift in the balance towards the inactive pathway predicts an unfavorable OS and DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Drexler
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hamburg, Germany. .,Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Mirco Küchler
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hamburg, Germany.,Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kim C Wagner
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hamburg, Germany.,Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Reese
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hamburg, Germany.,Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Moritz Kleine
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl J Oldhafer
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hamburg, Germany. .,Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany.
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24
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Hadden M, Mittal A, Samra J, Zreiqat H, Sahni S, Ramaswamy Y. Mechanically stressed cancer microenvironment: Role in pancreatic cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188418. [PMID: 32827581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid malignancies in the world due to its insensitivity to current therapies and its propensity to metastases from the primary tumor mass. This is largely attributed to its complex microenvironment composed of unique stromal cell populations and extracellular matrix (ECM). The recruitment and activation of these cell populations cause an increase in deposition of ECM components, which highly influences the behavior of malignant cells through disrupted forms of signaling. As PDAC progresses from premalignant lesion to invasive carcinoma, this dynamic landscape shields the mass from immune defenses and cytotoxic intervention. This microenvironment influences an invasive cell phenotype through altered forms of mechanical signaling, capable of enacting biochemical changes within cells through activated mechanotransduction pathways. The effects of altered mechanical cues on malignant cell mechanotransduction have long remained enigmatic, particularly in PDAC, whose microenvironment significantly changes over time. A more complete and thorough understanding of PDAC's physical surroundings (microenvironment), mechanosensing proteins, and mechanical properties may help in identifying novel mechanisms that influence disease progression, and thus, provide new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hadden
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anubhav Mittal
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; Australian Pancreatic Centre, St Leonards, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jaswinder Samra
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; Australian Pancreatic Centre, St Leonards, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; Australian Pancreatic Centre, St Leonards, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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25
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Yoshida GJ. Regulation of heterogeneous cancer-associated fibroblasts: the molecular pathology of activated signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:112. [PMID: 32546182 PMCID: PMC7296768 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to the development of resistance to anticancer therapeutics. Fibroblasts, which are components of the paraneoplastic stroma, play a crucial role in the wound-healing process. Activated fibroblasts accumulate in the wound and are involved in many aspects of the tissue remodeling cascade that initiates the repair process and prevents further tissue damage. The pathophysiological roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment have attracted increasing interest. CAFs play crucial roles in tumor progression and the response to chemotherapy. Several cytokines and chemokines are involved in the conversion of normal fibroblasts into CAFs, and some of these form a feedback loop between cancer cells and CAFs. In addition, the physical force between tumor cells and CAFs promotes cooperative invasion or co-migration of both types of cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), are secreted by both cancer cells and CAFs, and mediate the epigenetic modification of CAFs. This enhances the pro-tumorigenic function of CAFs mediated by promoting actomyosin contractility and extracellular matrix remodeling to form the tracks used for collective cancer cell migration. The concept of intra-tumoral CAF heterogeneity refers to the presence of inflammatory CAFs with low levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and high levels of IL-6 expression, which are in striking contrast to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-dependent myofibroblastic CAFs with high α-SMA expression levels. CAF populations that suppress tumor growth and progression through stroma-specific Hedgehog (Hh) activation have been detected in different murine tumor models including those of the bladder, colon, and pancreas. A new therapeutic strategy targeting CAFs is the "stromal switch," in which tumor-promoting CAFs are changed into tumor-retarding CAFs with attenuated stromal stiffness. Several molecular mechanisms that can be exploited to design personalized anticancer therapies targeting CAFs remain to be elucidated. Strategies aimed at targeting the tumor stroma as well as tumor cells themselves have attracted academic attention for their application in precision medicine. This novel review discusses the role of the activation of EGFR, Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo, TGF-β, and JAK/STAT cascades in CAFs in relation to the chemoresistance and invasive/metastatic behavior of cancer cells. For instance, although activated EGFR signaling contributes to collective cell migration in cooperation with CAFs, an activated Hippo pathway is responsible for stromal stiffness resulting in the collapse of neoplastic blood vessels. Therefore, identifying the signaling pathways that are activated under specific conditions is crucial for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go J Yoshida
- Department of Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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26
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Wang Q, Lu P, Wang T, Zheng Q, Li Y, Leng SX, Meng X, Wang B, Xie J, Zhang H. Sitagliptin affects gastric cancer cells proliferation by suppressing Melanoma-associated antigen-A3 expression through Yes-associated protein inactivation. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3816-3828. [PMID: 32227453 PMCID: PMC7286447 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sitagliptin is an emerging oral hypoglycemic agent that inhibits the development of a wide variety of tumors. Current researches indicate that the abnormal activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) promotes the proliferation and poor prognosis of multiple tumors. However, the ability of sitagliptin to regulate YAP and its effects on gastric cancer (GC) cells remain unclear. Here, we first showed that sitagliptin inhibited the proliferation of GC cells, and this inhibition was regulated by Hippo pathway. Sitagliptin phosphorylated YAP in a large tumor suppressor homolog-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting YAP nuclear translocation, and promoted YAP cytoplasm retention. This inhibition can be blocked by adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, sitagliptin could reduce the expression of tumor-testis antigen Melanoma-associated antigen-A3 through YAP. In conclusion, sitagliptin may have a potential inhibitory effect on GC by AMPK/YAP/melanoma-associated antigen-A3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Pan Lu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Xiaogan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shenyang KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Sean X Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jisheng Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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27
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Zhou Q, Bauden M, Andersson R, Hu D, Marko-Varga G, Xu J, Sasor A, Dai H, Pawłowski K, Said Hilmersson K, Chen X, Ansari D. YAP1 is an independent prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer and associated with extracellular matrix remodeling. J Transl Med 2020; 18:77. [PMID: 32054505 PMCID: PMC7017485 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. The identification of effective biomarkers is essential in order to improve management of the disease. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, a signal transduction system implicated in tissue repair and regeneration, as well as tumorigenesis. Here we evaluate the biomarker potential of YAP1 in pancreatic cancer tissue. Methods YAP1 was selected as a possible biomarker for pancreatic cancer from global protein sequencing of fresh frozen pancreatic cancer tissue samples and normal pancreas controls. The prognostic utility of YAP1 was evaluated using mRNA expression data from 176 pancreatic cancer patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), as well as protein expression data from immunohistochemistry analysis of a local tissue microarray (TMA) cohort comprising 140 pancreatic cancer patients. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was applied to outline the interaction network for YAP1 in connection to the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. The expression of YAP1 target gene products was evaluated after treatment of the pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 with three substances interrupting YAP–TEAD interaction, including Super-TDU, Verteporfin and CA3. Results Mass spectrometry based proteomics showed that YAP1 is the top upregulated protein in pancreatic cancer tissue when compared to normal controls (log2 fold change 6.4; p = 5E−06). Prognostic analysis of YAP1 demonstrated a significant correlation between mRNA expression level data and reduced overall survival (p = 0.001). In addition, TMA and immunohistochemistry analysis suggested that YAP1 protein expression is an independent predictor of poor overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 1.870, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.224–2.855, p = 0.004], as well as reduced disease-free survival (HR 1.950, 95% CI 1.299–2.927, p = 0.001). Bioinformatic analyses coupled with in vitro assays indicated that YAP1 is involved in the transcriptional control of target genes, associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, which could be modified by selected substances disrupting the YAP1-TEAD interaction. Conclusions Our findings indicate that YAP1 is an important prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer and may play a regulatory role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Zhou
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monika Bauden
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dingyuan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Agata Sasor
- Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hua Dai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Said Hilmersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xi Chen
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
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28
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Lysine demethylase 2 (KDM2B) regulates hippo pathway via MOB1 to promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:13. [PMID: 31941533 PMCID: PMC6961382 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Mps1 binding protein (MOB1) is one of the core components of the mammalian Hippo pathway and plays important roles in cancer development. However, its expression, function and regulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have not been revealed yet. Methods The expression of MOB1 and lysine demethylase 2B (KDM2B) in PDAC and adjacent normal pancreas tissues were measured. Also, the underlying mechanisms of altered MOB1 expression and its impact on PDAC biology were investigated. Results We revealed for the first time that MOB1 was decreased expression in PDAC and was a statistically significant independent predictor of poor survival, and restored expression of MOB1 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of PDAC cells. Further studies demonstrated that KDM2B directly bound to the promoter region of MOB1, and suppressed the promoter activity of MOB1 and transcriptionally inhibited the MOB1 expression. Furthermore, KDM2B regulated Hippo pathway and promoted PDAC proliferation, migration and invasion via MOB1. Conclusion This study demonstrated the mechanism and roles of a novel KDM2B/MOB1/Hippo signaling in PDAC progression.
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29
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Zhang X, Liu P, Shang Y, Kerndl H, Kumstel S, Gong P, Vollmar B, Zechner D. Metformin and LW6 impairs pancreatic cancer cells and reduces nuclear localization of YAP1. J Cancer 2020; 11:479-487. [PMID: 31897243 PMCID: PMC6930432 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor survival rate of pancreatic cancer is still a major challenge for the clinicians and their patients. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of metformin, an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, in combination with LW6, which impairs malate dehydrogenase 2 activities, in treating pancreatic cancer cells. We observed that this combinational therapy significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, and significantly induced cell death when compared to cells treated by each monotherapy or Sham. In addition, we found that the combination of metformin and LW6 increased the phosphorylation of yes-associated protein 1 at serine 127 and attenuated the nuclear localization of this transcription factor. This combinatorial treatment also decreased the level of cellular yes-associated protein 1. This suggests that metformin in combination with LW6 impairs pancreatic cancer cells and reduces nuclear localization of yes-associated protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Xueyuan Road 1098, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuru Shang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, China.,Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of General Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hagen Kerndl
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simone Kumstel
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Xueyuan Road 1098, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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30
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Dai H, Shao YW, Tong X, Wu X, Pang J, Feng A, Yang Z. YAP1 amplification as a prognostic factor of definitive chemoradiotherapy in nonsurgical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1628-1637. [PMID: 31851786 PMCID: PMC7050074 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Definitive chemoradiation therapy (dCRT) is the standard treatment for patients with nonsurgical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), yet patients have demonstrated great variations in their responses to dCRT and inevitably progressed following treatment. Methods To identify prognostic biomarkers, we performed targeted next‐generation sequencing of 416 cancer‐related genes on primary tumors from 47 nonsurgical ESCC patients prior to dCRT treatment. The association between genetic alterations and patients' local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Results TP53 (78% of patients), NOTCH1 (32%), ARID1A (13%), FAT1 (13%), and CDKN2A (13%) were commonly mutated in ESCC patients, while gene amplifications frequently occurred in MCL1 (36%), FGF19 (34%), MYC (32%), CCND1 (27%), ZNF217 (15%), CDKN2A (13%), and YAP1 (11%). Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical factors and genetic alterations indicated that sex is an independent prognostic factor, with males tending to have better LRFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.25; 95%CI, 0.08‐0.77, P = .015) and progression‐free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.35; 95%CI, 0.13‐0.93, P = .030) following dCRT. Meanwhile, YAP1 amplification (n = 7) was an adverse prognostic factor, and patients with this alteration demonstrated a tendency toward worse outcomes with shorter LRFS (HR, 4.06; 95%CI, 1.26‐13.14, P = .019) and OS (HR, 2.78; 95%CI, 0.95‐8.17, P = .062). In a subgroup analysis, while sex and M‐stage were controlled, a much stronger negative effect of YAP1 amplification vs wild‐type in LRFS was observed (log‐rank P = .0067). Conclusion The results suggested that YAP1 amplification is a potentially useful biomarker for predicting treatment outcomes and identifying patients with a high risk of relapse who should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Dai
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang W Shao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc, Nanjing, China.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alei Feng
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Dong K, Xue H, Cheng J, Su J, Li D, Zhang J, Zhang H. PRPH2 Activates Hippo Signalling and Suppresses the Invasion and Anoikis Inhibition of Laryngeal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10107-10115. [PMID: 31819643 PMCID: PMC6896914 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s222527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Laryngeal cancer is the most common head and neck cancer worldwide. It is urgent to identify the mechanisms underlying laryngeal cancer pathogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the biological functions of Peripherin 2 (PRPH2) in laryngeal cancer and uncovered the molecular mechanism underlying this disease. Methods Laryngeal cancer tissues were used to analyze the expression of PRPH2. In vitro transwell matrigel invasion assay and annexin V anoikis assay in laryngeal cancer cells were conducted to investigate PRPH2 related biological functions. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to investigate the expression and mechanism of PRPH2 in laryngeal cancer. Results We found that the expression of PRPH2 was significantly downregulated in laryngeal cancer tissues. Overexpression of PRPH2 suppressed the invasion and anoikis inhibition of laryngeal cancer cells. Furthermore, PRPH2 overexpression increased the phosphorylation of YAP and LATS1 and decreased the activities of Rho GTPases, while PRPH2 knockdown had opposite effects. Inhibitors of the Hippo pathway abrogated PRPH2 knockdown-induced laryngeal cancer cell invasion and anoikis inhibition. Discussion These results suggested that PRPH2 suppresses laryngeal cancer cell invasion and anoikis inhibition by activating Hippo signalling. PRPH2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for laryngeal cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- KaiFeng Dong
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiTao Xue
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - JianGang Cheng
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, Shijiazhuang Ping'an Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - JiHua Zhang
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - HaoLei Zhang
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, People's Republic of China
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32
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Wu Y, Hou Y, Xu P, Deng Y, Liu K, Wang M, Tian T, Dai C, Li N, Hao Q, Song D, Zhou LH, Dai Z. The prognostic value of YAP1 on clinical outcomes in human cancers. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8681-8700. [PMID: 31613226 PMCID: PMC6814621 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: As an important downstream factor in the Hippo pathway, yes-associated protein 1(YAP1) has been detected to be elevated in various cancers and demonstrated to play a role in tumor development. Therefore, we evaluated by a meta-analysis the prognostic value of YAP1 in cancer patients. Results: Sixty-eight studies with 8631 patients were identified. The results indicated that YAP1 overexpression predicted unfavorable patient prognosis in studies with overall survival (OS) (HR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.50-2.06, p<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.22-1.59, p<0.001), as well as in studies with recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.73-3.27, p<0.001), and disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.55-2.70, p<0.001). Meanwhile, YAP1 overexpression was also observed to be significantly associated with worse OS in GEPIA (HR=1.2, p<0.001). Conclusions: Overexpression of YAP1 showed great association with poorer prognosis in patients with various cancers, particularly liver cancer. Therefore, YAP1 might be an important prognostic marker and a novel target of cancer therapy. Methods: We searched for potential publications in several online databases and retrieved relevant data. Overall and subgroup analyses were performed. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to assess publication bias. Online dataset GEPIA was used to generate the survival curves and verify the prognostic role of YAP1 in patients with tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanshen Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 3rd Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Tumor Hospital), Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dingli Song
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Hui Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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The YAP1-NMU Axis Is Associated with Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Poor Outcome: Identification of a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101477. [PMID: 31575084 PMCID: PMC6826421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP)-1 is highly upregulated in pancreatic cancer and associated with tumor progression. However, little is known about the role of YAP1 and related genes in pancreatic cancer. Here, we identified target genes regulated by YAP1 and explored their role in pancreatic cancer progression and the related clinical implications. Analysis of different pancreatic cancer databases showed that Neuromedin U (NMU) expression was positively correlated with YAP1 expression in the tumor group. The Cancer Genome Atlas data indicated that high YAP1 and NMU expression levels were associated with poor mean and overall survival. YAP1 overexpression induced NMU expression and transcription and promoted cell motility in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo via upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas specific inhibition of NMU in cells stably expressing YAP1 had the opposite effect in vitro and in vivo. To define this functional association, we identified a transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) binding site in the NMU promoter and demonstrated that YAP1-TEAD binding upstream of the NMU gene regulated its transcription. These results indicate that the identified positive correlation between YAP1 and NMU is a potential novel drug target and biomarker in metastatic pancreatic cancer.
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Wei D, Zhang G, Zhu Z, Zheng Y, Yan F, Pan C, Wang Z, Li X, Wang F, Meng P, Zheng W, Yan Z, Zhai D, Lu Z, Yuan J. Nobiletin Inhibits Cell Viability via the SRC/AKT/STAT3/YY1AP1 Pathway in Human Renal Carcinoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:690. [PMID: 31354472 PMCID: PMC6635658 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin is a polymethoxy flavonoid isolated from Citrus depressa and Citrus reticulata. It has been reported that nobiletin can suppress tumors. We primarily explored the antitumor effects of nobiletin and the associated potential mechanisms in ACHN and Caki-2 renal carcinoma cells. A CCK-8 assay and cloning experiments were used to assess cell viability, and a transwell assay and scratch test were used to assess metastatic ability. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, whereas apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry and a terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Protein expression was examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Renal cancer cells were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice for in vivo studies. The data showed that nobiletin administration significantly dose- and time-dependently suppressed renal cancer cell proliferation; moreover, nobiletin treatment induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and promoted apoptosis. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that nobiletin decreased the nuclear localization of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and YY1-associated protein 1 (YY1AP1). Western blot showed that the levels of phosphorylated SRC, phosphorylated AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT), and phosphorylated STAT3 were decreased, whereas that of phosphorylated YY1AP1 was increased. The results further showed that application of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was able to reverse the nobiletin-induced changes in the levels of phosphorylated AKT, phosphorylated STAT3, and phosphorylated YY1AP1, and could also reverse the antitumor effects of nobiletin. The results of in vivo experiments showed that, compared to the control, tumor volume and weight were both reduced following nobiletin treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that nobiletin can inhibit renal carcinoma cell viability and provides a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wei
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chongxian Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanxiang Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zifan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Yang Y, Li H, Liu Y, Chi C, Ni J, Lin X. MiR-4319 hinders YAP expression to restrain non-small cell lung cancer growth through regulation of LIN28-mediated RFX5 stability. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108956. [PMID: 31096145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is demonstrated as one of the most common malignant tumors and accounts for about 25% of cancer-related deaths each year. Extensive bodies of studies have manifested that microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in the development of numerous malignant tumors by involving in modulation of cell biological processes. Although miR-4319 has been validated to execute tumor suppressor properties in triple-negative breast cancer, explorations on the function and latent mechanism of miR-4319 participating in NSCLC are still unclear. In this study, we proved that miR-4319 acted as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC progression via restraining cell proliferation and migration as well as boosting apoptosis. Further, miR-4319 bound with LIN28 and negatively regulated the expression of LIN28. Our data unveiled that LIN28 promoted RFX5 mRNA stability and miR-4319 led to the destabilization of RFX5 by targeting LIN28. In addition, RFX5 motivated the transcription of YAP and enhanced expression of YAP abolished the miR-4319 upregulation-mediated suppressive regulation of NSCLC tumorigenesis. In conclusion, miR-4319 dampened YAP expression to mitigate the tumorigenesis of NSCLC through inhibiting LIN28-mediated RFX5 stability, which offered an insight into the molecular mechanism underlying miR-4319 in NSCLC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Clinical Skills Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Chuang Chi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Jiangwei Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Xiaoming Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China.
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36
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Rozengurt E, Eibl G. Central role of Yes-associated protein and WW-domain-containing transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif in pancreatic cancer development. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1797-1816. [PMID: 31057295 PMCID: PMC6478619 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i15.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a deadly disease with no efficacious treatment options. PDAC incidence is projected to increase, which may be caused at least partially by the obesity epidemic. Significantly enhanced efforts to prevent or intercept this cancer are clearly warranted. Oncogenic KRAS mutations are recognized initiating events in PDAC development, however, they are not entirely sufficient for the development of fully invasive PDAC. Additional genetic alterations and/or environmental, nutritional, and metabolic signals, as present in obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammation, are required for full PDAC formation. We hypothesize that oncogenic KRAS increases the intensity and duration of the growth-promoting signaling network. Recent exciting studies from different laboratories indicate that the activity of the transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW-domain-containing transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) play a critical role in the promotion and maintenance of PDAC operating as key downstream target of KRAS signaling. While initially thought to be primarily an effector of the tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway, more recent studies revealed that YAP/TAZ subcellular localization and co-transcriptional activity is regulated by multiple upstream signals. Overall, YAP has emerged as a central node of transcriptional convergence in growth-promoting signaling in PDAC cells. Indeed, YAP expression is an independent unfavorable prognostic marker for overall survival of PDAC. In what follows, we will review studies implicating YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer development and consider different approaches to target these transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Smith SA, Sessions RB, Shoemark DK, Williams C, Ebrahimighaei R, McNeill MC, Crump MP, McKay TR, Harris G, Newby AC, Bond M. Antiproliferative and Antimigratory Effects of a Novel YAP-TEAD Interaction Inhibitor Identified Using in Silico Molecular Docking. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1291-1305. [PMID: 30640473 PMCID: PMC6701825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The Hippo pathway is an important
regulator of cell growth, proliferation,
and migration. TEAD transcription factors, which lie at the core of
the Hippo pathway, are essential for regulation of organ growth and
wound repair. Dysregulation of TEAD and its regulatory cofactor Yes-associated
protein (YAP) have been implicated in numerous human cancers and hyperproliferative
pathological processes. Hence, the YAP–TEAD complex is a promising
therapeutic target. Here, we use in silico molecular docking using
Bristol University Docking Engine to screen a library of more than
8 million druglike molecules for novel disrupters of the YAP–TEAD
interaction. We report the identification of a novel compound (CPD3.1)
with the ability to disrupt YAP–TEAD protein–protein
interaction and inhibit TEAD activity, cell proliferation, and cell
migration. The YAP–TEAD complex is a viable drug target, and
CPD3.1 is a lead compound for the development of more potent TEAD
inhibitors for treating cancer and other hyperproliferative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Smith
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Bristol , Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol BS2 8HW , U.K
| | - Richard B Sessions
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , University of Bristol , Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk , Bristol BS8 1TD , U.K
| | - Deborah K Shoemark
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , University of Bristol , Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk , Bristol BS8 1TD , U.K
| | - Christopher Williams
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Reza Ebrahimighaei
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Bristol , Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol BS2 8HW , U.K
| | - Madeleine C McNeill
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Bristol , Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol BS2 8HW , U.K
| | - Matthew P Crump
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Tristan R McKay
- Centre for Bioscience , Manchester Metropolitan University , John Dalton Building , Manchester M1 5GD , U.K
| | - Gemma Harris
- Research Complex at Harwell , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA , U.K
| | - Andrew C Newby
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Bristol , Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol BS2 8HW , U.K
| | - Mark Bond
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Bristol , Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol BS2 8HW , U.K
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The Ambivalent Function of YAP in Apoptosis and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123770. [PMID: 30486435 PMCID: PMC6321280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein, a core regulator of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway, plays a vital role in inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, several studies and reviews suggest that yes-associated protein is a good target for treating cancer. Unfortunately, more and more evidence demonstrates that this protein is also an essential contributor of p73-mediated apoptosis. This questions the concept that yes-associated protein is always a good target for developing novel anti-cancer drugs. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical relevance of yes-associated protein for cancer pathophysiology. This review also summarized the molecules, processes and drugs, which regulate Hippo-YAP signaling and discusses their effect on apoptosis. In addition, issues are defined, which should be addressed in the future in order to provide a solid basis for targeting the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway in clinical trials.
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Cheng Y, Hou T, Ping J, Chen T, Yin B. LMO3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma invasion, metastasis and anoikis inhibition by directly interacting with LATS1 and suppressing Hippo signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:228. [PMID: 30219064 PMCID: PMC6139164 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background In this research, we aimed to investigate the biological functions of LIM domain only 3 (LMO3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and uncover the underlying molecular mechanism in it. Methods HCC tissue microarray (n = 180) was used to analyze the correlation between LMO3 expression and clinicopathological findings. In vitro transwell matrigel invasion assay and annexin V anoikis assay in HCC cells were conducted to investigate LMO3 related biological functions. In vivo intrahepatic and lung metastasis models were used to determine the role of LMO3 in HCC metastasis. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were performed to investigate the expression and mechanism of LMO3 in HCC. Results We found that the expression of LMO3 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues, and it was closely related to clinicopathological findings and patient prognoses. Knockdown of LMO3 suppressed the invasion and anoikis inhibition of HCC cells in vitro. Meanwhile, the metastasis of SMMC-7721 cells was also suppressed by LMO3 knockdown in vivo. Furthermore, we found that LMO3 knockdown increased the phosphorylation of YAP and LATS1, and decrease Rho GTPases activities. LMO3 directly interacted with LATS1, and thus suppressed Hippo signaling. Recombinant LMO3 (rLMO3) protein administration decreased the phosphorylation of YAP and LATS1, and increased Rho GTPases activities. The inhibitors of the Hippo pathway abrogated rLMO3 protein-induced HCC cell invasion and anoikis inhibition. Conclusions These results suggest that LMO3 promotes HCC cell invasion and anoikis inhibition by interacting with LATS1 and suppressing Hippo signaling. LMO3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC in future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0903-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tianlu Hou
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Ping
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Baobing Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Hippo pathway affects survival of cancer patients: extensive analysis of TCGA data and review of literature. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10623. [PMID: 30006603 PMCID: PMC6045671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of the Hippo pathway occurs in many cancer types and is associated with cancer progression. Herein, we investigated the impact of 32 Hippo genes on overall survival (OS) of cancer patients, by both analysing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and reviewing the related literature. mRNA and protein expression data of all solid tumors except pure sarcomas were downloaded from TCGA database. Thirty-two Hippo genes were considered; for each gene, patients were dichotomized based on median expression value. Survival analyses were performed to identify independent predictors, taking into account the main clinical-pathological features affecting OS. Finally, independent predictors were correlated with YAP1 oncoprotein expression. At least one of the Hippo genes is an independent prognostic factor in 12 out of 13 considered tumor datasets. mRNA levels of the independent predictors coherently correlate with YAP1 in glioma, kidney renal clear cell, head and neck, and bladder cancer. Moreover, literature data revealed the association between YAP1 levels and OS in gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and lung cancer. Herein, we identified cancers in which Hippo pathway affects OS; these cancers should be candidates for YAP1 inhibitors development and testing.
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Yes-associated protein (YAP) in pancreatic cancer: at the epicenter of a targetable signaling network associated with patient survival. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:11. [PMID: 29682330 PMCID: PMC5908807 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-017-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is generally a fatal disease with no efficacious treatment modalities. Elucidation of signaling mechanisms that will lead to the identification of novel targets for therapy and chemoprevention is urgently needed. Here, we review the role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW-domain-containing Transcriptional co-Activator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in the development of PDAC. These oncogenic proteins are at the center of a signaling network that involves multiple upstream signals and downstream YAP-regulated genes. We also discuss the clinical significance of the YAP signaling network in PDAC using a recently published interactive open-access database (www.proteinatlas.org/pathology) that allows genome-wide exploration of the impact of individual proteins on survival outcomes. Multiple YAP/TEAD-regulated genes, including AJUBA, ANLN, AREG, ARHGAP29, AURKA, BUB1, CCND1, CDK6, CXCL5, EDN2, DKK1, FOSL1,FOXM1, HBEGF, IGFBP2, JAG1, NOTCH2, RHAMM, RRM2, SERP1, and ZWILCH, are associated with unfavorable survival of PDAC patients. Similarly, components of AP-1 that synergize with YAP (FOSL1), growth factors (TGFα, EPEG, and HBEGF), a specific integrin (ITGA2), heptahelical receptors (P2Y2R, GPR87) and an inhibitor of the Hippo pathway (MUC1), all of which stimulate YAP activity, are associated with unfavorable survival of PDAC patients. By contrast, YAP inhibitory pathways (STRAD/LKB-1/AMPK, PKA/LATS, and TSC/mTORC1) indicate a favorable prognosis. These associations emphasize that the YAP signaling network correlates with poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. We conclude that the YAP pathway is a major determinant of clinical aggressiveness in PDAC patients and a target for therapeutic and preventive strategies in this disease. Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling contributes to pancreatic cancer progression and is associated with poor patient survival. Previous studies have shown that YAP activates genes involved in cell proliferation to incite tumor growth and metastasis. Enrique Rozengurt and colleagues at University of California Los Angeles review the latest knowledge on YAP signaling and used the open access database The Human Protein Atlas to analyze the gene expression profile and prognosis of 176 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Activation of upstream or downstream elements of the YAP signaling pathway correlated with shorter survival in patients. Conversely, the activation of signaling pathways that oppose YAP signaling were associated with a more favorable prognosis. These findings highlight YAP signaling pathway components as both prognostic markers and potential targets for developing much needed therapeutic and preventative strategies.
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The Immunoexpression of YAP1 and LATS1 Proteins in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Impact on Patients' Survival. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2653623. [PMID: 29850494 PMCID: PMC5903336 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2653623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine by immunohistochemistry cellular localization and immunoreactivity levels of YAP1 and LATS1 proteins in paired sections of tumor and unchanged renal tissues of 54 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. Associations between clinical-pathological and overall survival (OS; median follow-up was 40.6 months) data of patients and YAP1 and LATS1 immunoreactivity were analyzed by uni- and multivariate Cox regression model and log-rank test. YAP1 immunoreactivity was found in the nuclei of tumor cells in 64.8% of ccRCC patients, whereas only 24.1% of tumors revealed cytoplasmic YAP1 expression. LATS1 immunoexpression was observed only in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in 59.3% of patients. LATS1 immunoreactivity in cancer cells negatively correlated with the size of primary tumor. The overall YAP1 immunoreactivity did not correlate with clinical-pathological data of patients. However, the subgroup of ccRCC patients who presented with cytoplasmic YAP1 immunoexpression had significantly shorter OS (median = 26.8 months) than patients without cytoplasmic YAP1 expression (median undefined). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that increased cytoplasmic YAP1 (HR = 4.53) and decreased LATS1 immunoreactivity levels (HR = 0.90) were associated with worse prognosis, being independent prognostic factors. These results suggest that YAP1 and LATS1 can be considered as new prognostic factors in ccRCC.
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Wu Y, Xiong Q, Li S, Yang X, Ge F. Integrated Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Long Noncoding RNA HOX Transcript Antisense Intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation by Regulating Opioid Growth Factor Receptor (OGFr). Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:146-159. [PMID: 29079719 PMCID: PMC5750844 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is involved in human tumorigenesis and is dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HOTAIR functions in HCC are largely unknown. Here, we employed an integrated transcriptomic and quantitative proteomic analysis to systematically explore the regulatory role of HOTAIR in HCC. A total of 673 transcripts and 293 proteins were found to be dysregulated after HOTAIR inhibition. Bioinformatics studies indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) are involved in many biological processes, especially cancer-related signaling pathways. A set of DEGs and DEPs were validated by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis, respectively. Further functional studies of the opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr), a negative biological regulator of cell proliferation in HCC, revealed that HOTAIR exerts its effects on cell proliferation, at least in part, through the regulation of OGFr expression. By correlating the omics data with functional studies, the current results provide novel insights into the functional mechanisms of HOTAIR in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- §University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Siting Li
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- §University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Yang
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- §University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Ge
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
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Eibl G, Rozengurt E. KRAS, YAP, and obesity in pancreatic cancer: A signaling network with multiple loops. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 54:50-62. [PMID: 29079305 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to be a lethal disease with no efficacious treatment modalities. The incidence of PDAC is expected to increase, at least partially because of the obesity epidemic. Increased efforts to prevent or intercept this disease are clearly needed. Mutations in KRAS are initiating events in pancreatic carcinogenesis supported by genetically engineered mouse models of the disease. However, oncogenic KRAS is not entirely sufficient for the development of fully invasive PDAC. Additional genetic mutations and/or environmental, nutritional, and metabolic stressors, e.g. inflammation and obesity, are required for efficient PDAC formation with activation of KRAS downstream effectors. Multiple factors "upstream" of KRAS associated with obesity, including insulin resistance, inflammation, changes in gut microbiota and GI peptides, can enhance/modulate downstream signals. Multiple signaling networks and feedback loops "downstream" of KRAS have been described that respond to obesogenic diets. We propose that KRAS mutations potentiate a signaling network that is promoted by environmental factors. Specifically, we envisage that KRAS mutations increase the intensity and duration of the growth-promoting signaling network. As the transcriptional activator YAP plays a critical role in the network, we conclude that the rationale for targeting the network (at different points), e.g. with FDA approved drugs such as statins and metformin, is therefore compelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Eibl
- Departments of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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