1
|
Huang Y, Sulek K, Stinson SE, Holm LA, Kim M, Trost K, Hooshmand K, Lund MAV, Fonvig CE, Juel HB, Nielsen T, Ängquist L, Rossing P, Thiele M, Krag A, Holm JC, Legido-Quigley C, Hansen T. Lipid profiling identifies modifiable signatures of cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents with obesity. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03279-x. [PMID: 39304782 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is a progressive, chronic disease that can lead to serious cardiometabolic complications. Here we investigated the peripheral lipidome in 958 children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and 373 with normal weight, in a cross-sectional study. We also implemented a family-based, personalized program to assess the effects of obesity management on 186 children and adolescents in a clinical setting. Using mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, we report an increase in ceramides, alongside a decrease in lysophospholipids and omega-3 fatty acids with obesity metabolism. Ceramides, phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylinositols were associated with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk, whereas sphingomyelins showed inverse associations. Additionally, a panel of three lipids predicted hepatic steatosis as effectively as liver enzymes. Lipids partially mediated the association between obesity and cardiometabolic traits. The nonpharmacological management reduced levels of ceramides, phospholipids and triglycerides, indicating that lowering the degree of obesity could partially restore a healthy lipid profile in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sara E Stinson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Aas Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Min Kim
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kajetan Trost
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Asp Vonsild Lund
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cilius E Fonvig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Bæk Juel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Department, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Thiele
- Center for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Center for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yin C, Liu L, Xu D, Li M, Li M, Qin Y, Zhang B, Sun Y, Liu Y, Xiao Y. Integrative metagenomic and lipidomic analyses reveal alterations in children with obesity and after lifestyle intervention. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1423724. [PMID: 39318384 PMCID: PMC11420138 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1423724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite emerging evidence linking alterations in gut microbiota to childhood obesity, the metabolic mechanisms linking gut microbiota to the lipid profile during childhood obesity and weight loss remain poorly understood. Methodology In this study, children with obesity were treated with lifestyle weight loss therapy. Metagenomics association studies and serum untargeted lipidomics analyses were performed in children with obesity and healthy controls before and after weight loss. Main findings We identified alterations in gut microbiota associated with childhood obesity, as well as variations in circulating metabolite concentrations. Children with obesity showed significant decreases in the levels of s-Rothia_kristinae and s-Enterobacter_roggenkampii, alongsige elevated levels of s-Clostridiales_bacterium_Marseille-P5551. Following weight loss, the levels of s-Streptococcus_infantarius and s-Leuconostoc_citreum increased by factors of 3.354 and 1.505, respectively, in comparison to their pre-weight loss levels. Correlation analyses indicated a significant positive relationship between ChE(2:0) levels and both with s-Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_TF09-5 and fasting glucose levels. CoQ8 levels were significantly negatively correlated with s-Rothia_kristinae and HOMA-IR. Conclusion We linked altered gut microbiota and serum lipid levels in children with obesity to clinical indicators, indicating a potential impact on glucose metabolism via lipids. This study contributes to understanding the mechanistic relationship between altered gut microbiota and childhood obesity and weight loss, suggesting gut microbiome as a promising target for intervention. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=178971, ChiCTR2300072179.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lujie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yujie Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Luoyang Central Hospital, Luoyang, China
| | - Yongfa Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Luoyang Central Hospital, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuesheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeljkovic A, Vekic J, Stefanovic A. Obesity and dyslipidemia in early life: Impact on cardiometabolic risk. Metabolism 2024; 156:155919. [PMID: 38653373 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity with its growing prevalence worldwide presents one of the most important health challenges nowadays. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of this condition, as well as in its associations with various cardiometabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings suggest that childhood obesity and associated dyslipidemia at least partly originate from epigenetic modifications that take place in the earliest periods of life, namely prenatal and perinatal periods. Hence, alterations of maternal metabolism could be fundamentally responsible for fetal and neonatal metabolic programming and consequently, for metabolic health of offspring in later life. In this paper, we will review recent findings on the associations among intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to undesirable modulators of metabolism, development of childhood obesity and later cardiometabolic complications. Special attention will be given to maternal dyslipidemia as a driven force for undesirable epigenetic modulations in offspring. In addition, newly proposed lipid biomarkers of increased cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents will be analyzed, with respect to their predictive potential and clinical applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li L, Bai S, Zhao H, Tan J, Wang Y, Zhang A, Jiang L, Zhao Y. Dietary Supplementation with Naringin Improves Systemic Metabolic Status and Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Transition Cows via Modulating Adipose Tissue Function: A Lipid Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:638. [PMID: 38929076 PMCID: PMC11200899 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows face metabolic challenges around the time of calving, leading to a negative energy balance and various postpartum health issues. Adipose tissue is crucial for cows during this period, as it regulates energy metabolism and supports immune function. Naringin, one of the main flavonoids in citrus fruit and their byproducts, is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytoconstituent. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplemental naringin on performance, systemic inflammation, oxidative status, and adipose tissue metabolic status. A total of 36 multiparous Holstein cows (from ~21 d prepartum through 35 d postpartum) were provided a basal control (CON) diet or a CON diet containing naringin (NAR) at 30 g/d per cow. Supplemental NAR increased the yield of raw milk and milk protein, without affecting dry matter intake. Cows fed NAR showed significantly lower levels (p < 0.05) of serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-6, malonaldehyde, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, but increased (p < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase activity relative to those fed CON. Supplemental NAR increased (p < 0.05) adipose tissue adiponectin abundance, decreased inflammatory responses, and reduced oxidative stress. Lipidomic analysis showed that cows fed NAR had lower concentrations of ceramide species (p < 0.05) in the serum and adipose tissue than did the CON-fed cows. Adipose tissue proteomics showed that proteins related to lipolysis, ceramide biosynthesis, inflammation, and heat stress were downregulated (p < 0.05), while those related to glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and the extracellular matrix were upregulated (p < 0.05). Feeding NAR to cows may reduce the accumulation of ceramide by lowering serum levels of NEFA and LPS and increasing adiponectin expression, thereby decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress in adipose tissue, ultimately improving their systemic metabolic status. Including NAR in periparturient cows' diets improves lactational performance, reduces excessive lipolysis in adipose tissue, and decreases systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress. Integrating lipidomic and proteomic data revealed that reduced ceramide and increased glycerophospholipids may alleviate metabolic dysregulations in adipose tissue, which in turn benefits systemic metabolic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Sarula Bai
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100076, China;
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Jian Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao H, Li L, Tan J, Wang Y, Zhang A, Zhao Y, Jiang L. Multi-Omics Reveals Disrupted Immunometabolic Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows with Subclinical Ketosis: A Sphingolipid-Centric Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:614. [PMID: 38790719 PMCID: PMC11118941 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketosis, especially its subclinical form, is frequently observed in high-yielding dairy cows and is linked to various diseases during the transition period. Although adipose tissue plays a significant role in the development of metabolic disorders, its exact impact on the emergence of subclinical ketosis (SCK) is still poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to characterize and compare the profiling of transcriptome and lipidome of blood and adipose tissue between SCK and healthy cows and investigate the potential correlation between metabolic disorders and lipid metabolism. We obtained blood and adipose tissue samples from healthy cows (CON, n = 8, β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration < 1.2 mmol/L) and subclinical ketotic cows (SCK, n = 8, β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration = 1.2-3.0 mmol/L) for analyzing biochemical parameters, transcriptome, and lipidome. We found that serum levels of nonesterified fatty acids, malonaldehyde, serum amyloid A protein, IL-1β, and IL-6 were higher in SCK cows than in CON cows. Levels of adiponectin and total antioxidant capacity were higher in serum and adipose tissue from SCK cows than in CON cows. The top enriched pathways in whole blood and adipose tissue were associated with immune and inflammatory responses and sphingolipid metabolism, respectively. The accumulation of ceramide and sphingomyelin in adipose tissue was paralleled by an increase in genes related to ceramide biosynthesis, lipolysis, and inflammation and a decrease in genes related to ceramide catabolism, lipogenesis, adiponectin production, and antioxidant enzyme systems. Increased ceramide concentrations in blood and adipose tissue correlated with reduced insulin sensitivity. The current results indicate that the lipid profile of blood and adipose tissue is altered with SCK and that certain ceramide species correlate with metabolic health. Our research suggests that disruptions in ceramide metabolism could be crucial in the progression of SCK, exacerbating conditions such as insulin resistance, increased lipolysis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, providing a potential biomarker of SCK and a novel target for nutritional manipulation and pharmacological therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miao G, Wang Y, Wang B, Yu H, Liu J, Pan R, Zhou C, Ning J, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Jin X. Multi-omics analysis reveals hepatic lipid metabolism profiles and serum lipid biomarkers upon indoor relevant VOC exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108221. [PMID: 37742460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
As a widespread indoor air pollutant, volatile organic compound (VOC) caused various adverse health effects, especial the damage to liver, which has become a growing public concern. However, the current toxic data are intrinsically restricted in the single or major VOC species. Limited knowledge is available regarding toxic effects, biomarkers and underlying mechanisms of real indoor VOC-caused liver damage. Herein, an indoor relevant VOC exposure model was established to evaluate the hepatic adverse outcomes. Machine learning and multi-omics approaches, including liver lipidomic, serum lipidomic and liver transcriptomic, were utilized to uncover the characteristics of liver damage, serum lipid biomarkers, and involved mechanism stimulated by VOC exposure. The result showed that indoor relevant VOC led to the abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism, mainly manifested as a decrease in triacylglycerol (TG) and its precursor substance diacylglycerol (DG), which could be contributed to the occurrence of hepatic adverse outcomes. In terms of serum lipid biomarkers, five lipid biomarkers in serum were uncovered using machine learning to reflect the hepatic lipid disorders induced by VOC. Multi-omics approaches revealed that the upregulated Dgkq disturbed the interconversion of DG and phosphatidic acid (PA), leading to a TG downregulation. The in-depth analysis revealed that VOC down-regulated FoxO transcription factor, contributing to the upregulation of Dgkq. Hence, this study can provide valuable insights into the understanding of liver damage caused by indoor relevant VOC exposure model VOC exposure, from the perspective of multi-omics analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gan Miao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoqiang Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruonan Pan
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengying Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Xiaoting Jin
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gautam J, Kumari D, Aggarwal H, Gupta SK, Kasarla SS, Sarkar S, Priya MRK, Kamboj P, Kumar Y, Dikshit M. Characterization of lipid signatures in the plasma and insulin-sensitive tissues of the C57BL/6J mice fed on obesogenic diets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159348. [PMID: 37285928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity mouse models are widely utilized to investigate the underlying mechanisms of dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as for screening potential drug compounds. However, there is limited knowledge regarding specific signature lipids that accurately reflect dietary disorders. In this study, we aimed to identify key lipid signatures using LC/MS-based untargeted lipidomics in the plasma, liver, adipose tissue (AT), and skeletal muscle tissues (SKM) of male C57BL/6J mice that were fed chow, LFD, or obesogenic diets (HFD, HFHF, and HFCD) for a duration of 20 weeks. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive lipid analysis to assess similarities and differences with human lipid profiles. The mice fed obesogenic diets exhibited weight gain, glucose intolerance, elevated BMI, glucose and insulin levels, and a fatty liver, resembling characteristics of T2DM and obesity in humans. In total, we identified approximately 368 lipids in plasma, 433 in the liver, 493 in AT, and 624 in SKM. Glycerolipids displayed distinct patterns across the tissues, differing from human findings. However, changes in sphingolipids, phospholipids, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes showed similarities to reported human findings. Significantly modulated pathways in the obesogenic diet-fed groups included ceramide de novo synthesis, sphingolipid remodeling, and the carboxylesterase pathway, while lipoprotein-mediated pathways were minimally affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gautam
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Kumari
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Hobby Aggarwal
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Siva Swapna Kasarla
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Soumalya Sarkar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - M R Kamla Priya
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Kamboj
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arumugam MK, Perumal SK, Rasineni K, Donohue TM, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Lipidomic Analysis of Liver Lipid Droplets after Chronic Alcohol Consumption with and without Betaine Supplementation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:462. [PMID: 36979154 PMCID: PMC10045066 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The earliest manifestation of alcohol-associated liver disease is hepatic steatosis, which is characterized by fat accumulation in specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). Our previous studies reported that alcohol consumption elevates the numbers and sizes of LDs in hepatocytes, which is attenuated by simultaneous treatment with the methyl group donor, betaine. Here, we examined changes in the hepatic lipidome with respect to LD size and dynamics in male Wistar rats fed for 6 weeks with control or ethanol-containing liquid diets that were supplemented with or without 10 mg betaine/mL. At the time of sacrifice, three hepatic LD fractions, LD1 (large droplets), LD2 (medium-sized droplets), and LD3 (small droplets) were isolated from each rat. Untargeted lipidomic analyses revealed that each LD fraction of ethanol-fed rats had higher phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, diacylglycerols, ceramides, and hexosylceramides compared with the corresponding fractions of pair-fed controls. Interestingly, the ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine (the two most abundant phospholipids on the LD surface) was lower in LD1 fraction compared with LD3 fraction, irrespective of treatment; however, this ratio was significantly lower in ethanol LD fractions compared with their respective control fractions. Betaine supplementation significantly attenuated the ethanol-induced lipidomic changes. These were mainly associated with the regulation of LD surface phospholipids, ceramides, and glycerolipid metabolism in different-sized LD fractions. In conclusion, our results show that ethanol-induced changes in the hepatic LD lipidome likely stabilizes larger-sized LDs during steatosis development. Furthermore, betaine supplementation could effectively reduce the size and dynamics of LDs to attenuate alcohol-associated hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Center for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Perumal
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iannone V, Lok J, Babu AF, Gómez-Gallego C, Willman RM, Koistinen VM, Klåvus A, Kettunen MI, Kårlund A, Schwab U, Hanhineva K, Kolehmainen M, El-Nezami H. Associations of altered hepatic gene expression in American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome diet-fed mice with metabolic changes during NAFLD development and progression. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 115:109307. [PMID: 36868506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis remains poorly understood due to the complex metabolic and inflammatory changes in the liver. This study aimed to elucidate hepatic events related to inflammation and lipid metabolism and their linkage with metabolic alterations during NAFLD in American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome (ALIOS) diet-fed mice. Forty-eight C57BL/6J male mice were fed with ALIOS diet (n=24) or control chow diet (n=24) for 8, 12, and 16 weeks. At the end of each timepoint, eight mice were sacrificed where plasma and liver were collected. Hepatic fat accumulation was followed using magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed with histology. Further, targeted gene expression and non-targeted metabolomics analysis were conducted. Our results showed higher hepatic steatosis, body weight, energy consumption, and liver mass in ALIOS diet-fed mice compared to control mice. ALIOS diet altered expression of genes related to inflammation (Tnfa and IL-6) and lipid metabolism (Cd36, Fasn, Scd1, Cpt1a, and Ppara). Metabolomics analysis indicated decrease of lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids such as LPE(20:5) and LPC(20:5) with increase of other lipid species such as LPI(16:0) and LPC(16:2) and peptides such as alanyl-phenylalanine and glutamyl-arginine. We further observed novel correlations between different metabolites including sphingolipid, lysophospholipids, peptides, and bile acid with inflammation, lipid uptake and synthesis. Together with the reduction of antioxidant metabolites and gut microbiota-derived metabolites contribute to NAFLD development and progression. The combination of non-targeted metabolomics with gene expression in future studies can further identify key metabolic routes during NAFLD which could be the targets of potential novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iannone
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johnson Lok
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ambrin Farizah Babu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Roosa Maria Willman
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Mikael Koistinen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life technologies, Food Sciences Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Mikko I Kettunen
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Kårlund
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life technologies, Food Sciences Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Molecular and Cell Biology Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barboza TK, Susta L, zur Linden A, Gardhouse S, Beaufrère H. Association of plasma metabolites and diagnostic imaging findings with hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and effects of gemfibrozil therapy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0274060. [PMID: 36735707 PMCID: PMC9897564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between plasma metabolites, biochemical analytes, diagnostic imaging findings, and the histologic diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons. To assess the effects of gemfibrozil therapy on hepatic lipid accumulation and associated diagnostic tests. ANIMALS Fourteen bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) with varying severity of hepatic lipid accumulation (with and without hepatic lipidosis) were included. PROCEDURES Animals underwent coelomic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scans, and coelioscopic hepatic biopsies. Clinical pathology tests included lipidologic tests, hepatic biomarkers, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Animals were medicated with gemfibrozil 6mg/kg orally once a day for 2 months in a randomized blinded clinical trial prior to repeating previous diagnostic testing. RESULTS Hounsfield units on CT were negatively associated with increased hepatic vacuolation, while ultrasound and gross evaluation of the liver were not reliable. Beta-hydroxybutyric-acid (BHBA) concentrations were significantly associated with hepatic lipidosis. Metabolomics and lipidomics data found BHBA and succinic acid to be potential biomarkers for diagnosing hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons. Succinic acid concentrations were significantly lower in the gemfibrozil treatment group. There was a tendency for improvement in the biomarkers and reduced hepatic fat in bearded dragons with hepatic lipidosis when treated with gemfibrozil, though the improvement was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide information on the antemortem assessment of hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons and paves the way for further research in diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trinita K. Barboza
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex zur Linden
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Gardhouse
- Health Sciences Center, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shama S, Jang H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Shahin NN, Motawi TK, Kim S, Gawrieh S, Liu W. Phosphatidylethanolamines Are Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Obese Adults and Induce Liver Cell Metabolic Perturbations and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021034. [PMID: 36674549 PMCID: PMC9861886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis roles of phospholipids (PLs) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the role of PLs in the progression of NAFLD among obese individuals via studying the alterations in serum PL composition throughout the spectrum of disease progression and evaluating the effects of specific phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) on FLD development in vitro. A total of 203 obese subjects, who were undergoing bariatric surgery, were included in this study. They were histologically classified into 80 controls (C) with normal liver histology, 93 patients with simple hepatic steatosis (SS), 16 with borderline nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (B-NASH) and 14 with progressive NASH (NASH). Serum PLs were profiled by automated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). HepG2 (hepatoma cells) and LX2 (immortalized hepatic stellate cells or HSCs) were used to explore the roles of PL in NAFLD/NASH development. Several PLs and their relative ratios were significantly associated with NAFLD progression, especially those involving PE. Incubation of HepG2 cells with two phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), PE (34:1) and PE (36:2), resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, reduction of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, induction of lipid accumulation and mitochondrial ROS production. Meanwhile, treatment of LX2 cells with both PEs markedly increased cell activation and migration. These effects were associated with a significant change in the expression levels of genes involved in lipogenesis, lipid oxidation, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Thus, our study demonstrated that elevated level of PEs increases susceptibility to the disease progression of obesity associated NAFLD, likely through a causal cascade of impacts on the function of different liver cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaa Shama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Cell-Based Analysis Unit, Reference Laboratory, Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo 12618, Egypt
| | - Hyejeong Jang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nancy Nabil Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Tarek Kamal Motawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: (T.K.M.); (W.L.); Tel.: +20-122-313-8667 (T.K.M.); +1-313-577-3375 (W.L.)
| | - Seongho Kim
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Samer Gawrieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: (T.K.M.); (W.L.); Tel.: +20-122-313-8667 (T.K.M.); +1-313-577-3375 (W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peng H, Li J, Xu H, Wang X, He L, McCauley N, Zhang KK, Xie L. Offspring NAFLD liver phospholipid profiles are differentially programmed by maternal high-fat diet and maternal one carbon supplement. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109187. [PMID: 36270572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Little is known if and how maternal diet affects the liver phospholipid profiles that contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development in offspring. We examined NAFLD phenotypes in male offspring mice of either maternal normal-fat diet (NF group), maternal high-fat diet (HF group), maternal methionine supplement (H1S group), or complete one-carbon supplement (H2S group) added to the maternal HF diet during gestation and lactation. HF offspring displayed worsened NAFLD phenotypes induced by post-weaning HF diet, however, maternal one-carbon supplement prevented such outcome. HF offspring also showed a distinct phospholipid profile from the offspring exposed to H1S or H2S diet. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) analysis further identified five pathways involved in phospholipid metabolism altered by different maternal diet interventions. Furthermore, differential methylated regions (DMRs) on Prkca, Dgkh, Plcb1 and Dgki were identified comparing between HF and NF offspring; most of these DMRs were recovered in H2S offspring. These methylation pattern changes were associated with gene expression changes: HF diet significantly reduced while H1S and H2S diet recovered their levels. Maternal HF diet disrupted offspring phospholipid profiles contributing to worsened hepatic steatosis. The maternal one-carbon supplement prevented such effects, probably through DNA methylation modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jiangyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Huiting Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Leya He
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Naomi McCauley
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ke K Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children. Although environmental factors are major contributors to early onset, children have both shared and unique genetic risk alleles as compared with adults with NAFLD. Treatment relies on reducing environmental risk factors, but many children have persistent diseases. No medications are approved specifically for the treatment of NAFLD, but some anti-obesity or diabetes treatments may be beneficial. Pediatric NAFLD increases the risk of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors. Long-term prospective studies are needed to determine the long-term risk of hepatic and non-hepatic morbidity and mortality in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavra A Xanthakos
- Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's, Department of Pediatrics, Director, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Comparison of the Lipidomic Signature of Fatty Liver in Children and Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:734-741. [PMID: 35185113 PMCID: PMC7613028 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly common condition in children characterised by insulin resistance and altered lipid metabolism. Affected patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and children with NAFLD are likely to be at risk of premature cardiac events. Evaluation of the plasma lipid profile of children with NAFLD offers the opportunity to investigate these perturbations and understand how closely they mimic the changes seen in adults with cardiometabolic disease. METHODS We performed untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) plasma lipidomics on 287 children: 19 lean controls, 146 from an obese cohort, and 122 NAFLD cases who had undergone liver biopsy. Associations between lipid species and liver histology were assessed using regression adjusted for age and sex. Results were then replicated using data from 9500 adults with metabolic phenotyping. RESULTS More severe paediatric NAFLD was associated with lower levels of long chain, polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines (pC) and triglycerides (TG). Similar trends in pC and TG chain length and saturation were seen in adults with hepatic steatosis; however, many of the specific lipids associated with NAFLD differed between children and adults. Five lipids replicated in adults (including PC(36:4)) have been directly linked to death and cardiometabolic disease, as well as indirectly via genetic variants. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, whilst similar pathways of lipid metabolism are perturbed in paediatric NAFLD as in cardiometabolic disease in adults, the specific lipid signature in children is different.
Collapse
|
15
|
Koch J, Watschinger K, Werner ER, Keller MA. Tricky Isomers—The Evolution of Analytical Strategies to Characterize Plasmalogens and Plasmanyl Ether Lipids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864716. [PMID: 35573699 PMCID: PMC9092451 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Typically, glycerophospholipids are represented with two esterified fatty acids. However, by up to 20%, a significant proportion of this lipid class carries an ether-linked fatty alcohol side chain at the sn-1 position, generally referred to as ether lipids, which shape their specific physicochemical properties. Among those, plasmalogens represent a distinct subgroup characterized by an sn-1 vinyl-ether double bond. The total loss of ether lipids in severe peroxisomal defects such as rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata indicates their crucial contribution to diverse cellular functions. An aberrant ether lipid metabolism has also been reported in multifactorial conditions including Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding the underlying pathological implications is hampered by the still unclear exact functional spectrum of ether lipids, especially in regard to the differentiation between the individual contributions of plasmalogens (plasmenyl lipids) and their non-vinyl-ether lipid (plasmanyl) counterparts. A primary reason for this is that exact identification and quantification of plasmalogens and other ether lipids poses a challenging and usually labor-intensive task. Diverse analytical methods for the detection of plasmalogens have been developed. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry is increasingly used to resolve complex lipid mixtures, and with optimized parameters and specialized fragmentation strategies, discrimination between ethers and plasmalogens is feasible. In this review, we recapitulate historic and current methodologies for the recognition and quantification of these important lipids and will discuss developments in this field that can contribute to the characterization of plasmalogens in high structural detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Koch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Watschinger
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ernst R. Werner
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus A. Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Markus A. Keller,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Babu AF, Csader S, Männistö V, Tauriainen MM, Pentikäinen H, Savonen K, Klåvus A, Koistinen V, Hanhineva K, Schwab U. Effects of exercise on NAFLD using non-targeted metabolomics in adipose tissue, plasma, urine, and stool. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6485. [PMID: 35444259 PMCID: PMC9019539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which exercise benefits patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease worldwide, remain poorly understood. A non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based metabolomics analysis was used to identify metabolic changes associated with NAFLD in humans upon exercise intervention (without diet change) across four different sample types—adipose tissue (AT), plasma, urine, and stool. Altogether, 46 subjects with NAFLD participated in this randomized controlled intervention study. The intervention group (n = 21) performed high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for 12 weeks while the control group (n = 25) kept their sedentary lifestyle. The participants' clinical parameters and metabolic profiles were compared between baseline and endpoint. HIIT significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose concentration (p = 0.027) and waist circumference (p = 0.028); and increased maximum oxygen consumption rate and maximum achieved workload (p < 0.001). HIIT resulted in sample-type-specific metabolite changes, including accumulation of amino acids and their derivatives in AT and plasma, while decreasing in urine and stool. Moreover, many of the metabolite level changes especially in the AT were correlated with the clinical parameters monitored during the intervention. In addition, certain lipids increased in plasma and decreased in the stool. Glyco-conjugated bile acids decreased in AT and urine. The 12-week HIIT exercise intervention has beneficial ameliorating effects in NAFLD subjects on a whole-body level, even without dietary changes and weight loss. The metabolomics analysis applied to the four different sample matrices provided an overall view on several metabolic pathways that had tissue-type specific changes after HIIT intervention in subjects with NAFLD. The results highlight especially the role of AT in responding to the HIIT challenge, and suggest that altered amino acid metabolism in AT might play a critical role in e.g. improving fasting plasma glucose concentration. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03995056).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambrin Farizah Babu
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Afekta Technologies Ltd., Yliopistonranta 1L, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susanne Csader
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Milla-Maria Tauriainen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anton Klåvus
- Afekta Technologies Ltd., Yliopistonranta 1L, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Afekta Technologies Ltd., Yliopistonranta 1L, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Afekta Technologies Ltd., Yliopistonranta 1L, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lysophosphatidylethanolamine Affects Lipid Accumulation and Metabolism in a Human Liver-Derived Cell Line. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030579. [PMID: 35276938 PMCID: PMC8839386 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lysoPE) have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of lysoPE on lipogenesis and lipolysis were investigated in a cultured human liver-derived cell line. The intracellular lipid profile was investigated in detail using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to better understand the underlying mechanism. The expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and catabolism was analyzed using real-time PCR. LysoPE supplementation induced cellular lipid droplet formation and altered triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles. Furthermore, lysoPE downregulated expression of the TAG hydrolyzation regulation factor ATGL, and reduced the expression of fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes SREBP1 and SCD1. LC-MS/MS-based lipidomic profiling revealed that the addition of lysoPE 18:2 increased the PE species containing linoleic acyl, as well as the CE 18:2 species, likely due to the incorporation of linoleic acyl from lysoPE 18:2. Collectively, these findings suggest that lysoPE 18:2 is involved in lipid droplet formation by suppressing lipolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis. Thus, lysoPE might play a pathological role in the induction of fatty liver disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li N, Zhao H. Role of Carnitine in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Other Related Diseases: An Update. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:689042. [PMID: 34434943 PMCID: PMC8381051 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.689042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnitine is an amino acid-derived substance that coordinates a wide range of biological processes. Such functions include transport of long-chain fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix, regulation of acetyl-CoA/CoA, control of inter-organellar acyl traffic, and protection against oxidative stress. Recent studies have found that carnitine plays an important role in several diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its effect is still controversial, and its mechanism is not clear. Herein, this review provides current knowledge on the biological functions of carnitine, the “multiple hit” impact of carnitine on the NAFLD progression, and the downstream mechanisms. Based on the “multiple hit” hypothesis, carnitine inhibits β-oxidation, improves mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduces insulin resistance to ameliorate NAFLD. L-carnitine may have therapeutic role in liver diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, alcoholic fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis. We also discuss the prospects of L-carnitine supplementation as a therapeutic strategy in NAFLD and related diseases, and the factors limiting its widespread use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of General Practice, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Health Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brecelj J, Orel R. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070719. [PMID: 34357000 PMCID: PMC8304730 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The prevalence of pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing. A lot of new data are published regularly. Materials and Methods: Original clinical studies, review articles, and guidelines in children were searched for and the most relevant included in this review. Results: A total of 138 retrieved papers were classified into pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Pathogenesis is currently explained with the “multi hit hypothesis”, with complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors which trigger inflammation in steatotic liver. The prevalence is rising. A diagnosis can be made with laboratory tests, imaging, and liver biopsy after the exclusion of other causes of liver steatosis. The mainstay of treatment is lifestyle modification consisting of dietary intervention and increased physical activity. The progression to liver cirrhosis can occur even in children. Conclusions: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children is a part of a metabolic syndrome in the majority of patients. Due to its complex etiology and high prevalence, multidisciplinary teams, together with public health professionals, should be involved in its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Brecelj
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, Bohoriceva 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Bohoriceva 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-5229-276
| | - Rok Orel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, Bohoriceva 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Bohoriceva 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Di Sessa A, Riccio S, Pirozzi E, Verde M, Passaro AP, Umano GR, Guarino S, Miraglia del Giudice E, Marzuillo P. Advances in paediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Role of lipidomics. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3815-3824. [PMID: 34321846 PMCID: PMC8291022 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i25.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due its close relationship with obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major worldwide health issue even in childhood. The most accepted pathophysiological hypothesis is represented by the “multiple hits” theory, in which both hepatic intracellular lipid accumulation and insulin resistance mainly contribute to liver injury through several factors. Among these, lipotoxicity has gained particular attention. In this view, the pathogenic role of different lipid classes in NAFLD (e.g., sphingolipids, fatty acids, ceramides, etc.) has been highlighted in recent lipidomics studies. Although there is some contrast between plasma and liver findings, lipidomic profile in the NAFLD context provides novel insights by expanding knowledge in the intricate field of NAFLD pathophysiology as well as by suggesting innovative therapeutic approaches in order to improve both NAFLD prevention and treatment strategies. Selective changes of distinct lipid species might be an attractive therapeutic target for treating NAFLD. Herein the most recent evidence in this attractive field has been summarized to provide a comprehensive overview of the lipidomic scenario in paediatric NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Simona Riccio
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Emilia Pirozzi
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Martina Verde
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Antonio Paride Passaro
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Stefano Guarino
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pirola CJ, Sookoian S. The lipidome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: actionable targets. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100073. [PMID: 33845089 PMCID: PMC8121699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease. Recent technological advances, combined with OMICs experiments and explorations involving different biological samples, have uncovered vital aspects of NAFLD biology. In this review, we summarize recent work by our group and others that expands what is known about the role of lipidome in NAFLD pathogenesis. We discuss how pathway and enrichment analyses were performed by integrating a list of query metabolites derived from text-mining existing NAFLD-lipidomics studies, resulting in the identification of nine Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes dysregulated pathways, including biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, butanoate metabolism, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, sphingolipid, arachidonic acid and pyruvate metabolism, and numerous nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug pathways predicted from The Small Molecule Pathway Database. We also summarize an integrated pathway-level analysis of genes and lipid-related metabolites associated with NAFLD, which shows overrepresentation of signal transduction, selenium micronutrient network, Class A/1Rhodopsin-like receptors and G protein-coupled receptor ligand binding, and G protein-coupled receptor downstream signaling. Generated gene-metabolite-disease interaction networks indicate that NAFLD and arterial hypertension are interlinked by molecular signatures. Finally, we discuss how mining pathways and associations among metabolites, lipids, genes, and proteins can be exploited to infer networks and potential pharmacological targets and how lipidomic studies may provide insight into the interrelationships among metabolite clusters that modify NAFLD biology, genetic susceptibility, diet, and the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pirola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular de Enfermedades Complejas, Instituto of Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Hepatología Clínica y Molecular, Instituto of Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Suri A, Song E, van Nispen J, Voigt M, Armstrong A, Murali V, Jain A. Advances in the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Pediatric Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Ther 2021; 43:438-454. [PMID: 33597074 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is a major contributor to pediatric liver disease. This review evaluated the current literature on prevalence, screening, diagnosis, and management of NAFL in children and explored recent advances in the field of pediatric NAFL. METHODS A PubMed search was performed for manuscripts describing disease burden, diagnosis, and management strategies in pediatric NAFL published within the past 15 years. Systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines, randomized controlled trials, and cohort and case-control studies were reviewed for the purpose of this article. FINDINGS The prevalence of NAFL in children is increasing. It is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in children. Screening and diagnosis of NAFL in children are a challenge. Lifestyle changes and exercise are the cornerstones of the management of NAFL. IMPLICATIONS Further research is needed to develop better screening and diagnostic tools for pediatric NAFL, including noninvasive diagnostics. NAFL therapeutics is another area of much-needed, ongoing research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anandini Suri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Johan van Nispen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marcus Voigt
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Austin Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Vidul Murali
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ajay Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|