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Robles-Matos N, Radaelli E, Simmons RA, Bartolomei MS. Preconception and developmental DEHP exposure alter liver metabolism in a sex-dependent manner in adult mouse offspring. Toxicology 2023; 499:153640. [PMID: 37806616 PMCID: PMC10842112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical periods of development is associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, including hepatic steatosis and obesity. Di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) is an EDC strongly associated with these metabolic abnormalities. DEHP developmental windows of susceptibility are unknown yet have important public health implications. The purpose of this study was to identify these windows of susceptibility and determine whether developmental DEHP exposure alters hepatic metabolism later in life. Dams were exposed to control or feed containing human exposure relevant doses of DEHP (50 μg/kg BW/d) and high dose DEHP (10 mg/kg BW/d) from preconception until weaning or only exposed to DEHP during preconception. Post-weaning, all offspring were fed a control diet throughout adulthood. Using the Metabolon Untargeted Metabolomics platform, we identified 148 significant metabolites in female adult livers that were altered by preconception-gestation-lactation DEHP exposure. We found a significant increase in the levels of acylcarnitines, diacylglycerols, sphingolipids, glutathione, purines, and pyrimidines in DEHP-exposed female livers compared to controls. These changes in fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress-related metabolites were correlated with hepatic changes including microvesicular steatosis, hepatocyte swelling, inflammation. In contrast to females, we observed fewer metabolic alterations in male offspring, which were uniquely found in preconception-only low dose DEHP exposure group. Although we found that preconception-gestational-lactation exposure causes the most liver pathology, we surprisingly found preconception exposure linked to an abnormal liver metabolome. We also found that two doses exhibited non-monotonic DEHP-induced changes in the liver. Collectively, these findings suggest that metabolic changes in the adult liver of offspring exposed periconceptionally to DHEP depends on the timing of exposure, dose, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Robles-Matos
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Al-Saleh I, Elkhatib R, Alnuwaysir H, Aldhalaan H, Binmanee A, Hawari A, Alhazzani F, Jabr MB. The cumulative risk assessment of phthalates exposure in preterm neonates. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114112. [PMID: 36657281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used plasticizers in various consumer products and medical devices, with some reporting as having estrogenic and anti-androgenic endocrine-disrupting effects. Premature neonates may be exposed to high levels of specific phthalates during hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) because of reliance on multiple medical procedures that pose a possible health risk. The present study utilized seven urinary phthalate metabolites of dibutyl phthalate isomers [(di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP)], butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) that had been previously measured in 33 preterm neonates sampled at hospital admission (N = 23) and daily during their NICU stay (N = 260). We aimed to perform: (1) cumulative risk assessment (CRA) using the volume and creatinine-adjusted models; (2) examine the temporal variability of CRA from repeated measures and (3) estimate the risk of cumulative exposure to phthalates based on their anti-androgenic and/or estrogenic properties. We multiplied the relative activity of individual phthalates exhibiting estrogenic or anti-androgenic effects by daily intake. For each preterm neonate, CRA was assessed based on the hazard index (HI) metric [the sum of hazard quotients] based on three reference doses for anti-androgenicity: the tolerable daily intake (TDI) from the European Food Safety Authority, the reference dose (RfD-AA) published in 2010 and newly revised published in 2020 (NRfD-AA). The metabolites of BBzP and DEHP were 2-23 fold higher in preterm neonates during their NICU stay. Median HIs increased in the order of HINRfDAA > HIRfDAA > HITDI. In the creatinine-based model, 87% (92%), 87% (96%), and 100% (100%) of preterm neonates at admission (during NICU stay) showed HITDI, HIRfD-AA, and HINRfD-AA exceeding 1, respectively with DEHP the most prevalent. The temporal reproducibility of HI (based on three reference doses) during preterm neonate stay in the NICU was high, with intra-class correlation coefficients ranging between 0.77 and 0.97, suggesting persistent exposure to phthalates. The four phthalates that preterm neonates were exposed to in the NICU exhibited estrogenic binding and anti-androgenic effects with median values (creatinine-based) of 98.7 and 56.9 μg/kg body weight/day, respectively. This was especially true for DEHP. The results indicate that preterm neonates in this NICU setting are probably at high risk of cumulative phthalate exposure with anti-androgenic properties that may have long-term adverse reproductive and developmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Program, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hissah Alnuwaysir
- Environmental Health Program, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Aldhalaan
- Center for Autism Research, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Binmanee
- Neonatal Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Hawari
- Neonatal Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alhazzani
- Neonatal Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Bin Jabr
- Neonatal Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Optimal Nutrition Parameters for Neonates and Infants with Congenital Heart Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081671. [PMID: 35458233 PMCID: PMC9029500 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects are known causes of malnutrition. Optimal nutritional management is paramount in improving short and long-term prognosis for neonates and infants with congenital heart malformations, as current strategies target preoperative and postoperative feeding requirements. Standardized enteral and/or parenteral feeding protocols, depending on the systemic implications of the cardiac defect, include the following common practices: diagnosing and managing feeding intolerance, choosing the right formula, and implementing a monitoring protocol. The latest guidelines from the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, as well as a significant number of recent scientific studies, offer precious indications for establishing the best feeding parameters for neonates and infants with heart defects.
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Parenteral Nutrition and Oxidant Load in Neonates. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082631. [PMID: 34444799 PMCID: PMC8401055 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates with preterm, gastrointestinal dysfunction and very low birth weights are often intolerant to oral feeding. In such infants, the provision of nutrients via parenteral nutrition (PN) becomes necessary for short-term survival, as well as long-term health. However, the elemental nutrients in PN can be a major source of oxidants due to interactions between nutrients, imbalances of anti- and pro-oxidants, and environmental conditions. Moreover, neonates fed PN are at greater risk of oxidative stress, not only from dietary sources, but also because of immature antioxidant defences. Various interventions can lower the oxidant load in PN, including the supplementation of PN with antioxidant vitamins, glutathione, additional arginine and additional cysteine; reduced levels of pro-oxidant nutrients such as iron; protection from light and oxygen; and proper storage temperature. This narrative review of published data provides insight to oxidant molecules generated in PN, nutrient sources of oxidants, and measures to minimize oxidant levels.
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Specification and Evaluation of Plasticizer Migration Simulants for Human Blood Products: A Delphi Study. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081081. [PMID: 34439748 PMCID: PMC8392596 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentially toxic plasticizers are commonly added to polyvinyl chloride medical devices for transfusion in order to improve their flexibility and workability. As the plasticizers are not chemically bonded to the PVC, they can be released into labile blood products (LBPs) during storage. Ideally, LBPs would be used in laboratory studies of plasticizer migration from the medical device. However, short supply (i.e., limited stocks of human blood in collection centres) has prompted the development of specific simulants for each type of LBP in the evaluation of new transfusion devices. We performed a Delphi study with a multidisciplinary panel of 24 experts. In the first (qualitative) phase, the panel developed consensus definitions of the specification criteria to be met by each migration simulant. Next, we reviewed the literature on techniques for simulating the migration of plasticizers into LBPs. A questionnaire was elaborated and sent out to the experts, and the replies were synthesized in order to obtain a consensus. The qualitative study established specifications for each biological matrix (whole blood, red blood cell concentrate, plasma, and platelet concentrate) and defined the criteria required for a suitable LBP simulant. Ten criteria were suggested: physical and chemical characteristics, opacity, form, stability, composition, ability to mimic a particular clinical situation, ease and safety of use, a simulant–plastic interaction correlated with blood, and compatibility with analytical methods. The questionnaire data revealed a consensus on the use of natural products (such as pig’s blood) to mimic the four LBPs. Opinions diverged with regard to synthetic products. However, an isotonic solution and a rheological property modifier were considered to be of value in the design of synthetic simulants. Consensus reached by the Delphi group could be used as a database for the development of simulants used to assess the migration of plasticizers from PVC bags into LBPs.
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DEHP Nanodroplets Leached From Polyvinyl Chloride IV Bags Promote Aggregation of IVIG and Activate Complement in Human Serum. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:429-442. [PMID: 31229435 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Concerns regarding the impact of subvisible particulate impurities on the safety and efficacy of therapeutic protein products have led manufacturers to implement strategies to minimize protein aggregation and particle formation during manufacturing, storage, and shipping. However, once these products are released, manufacturers have limited control over product handling. In this work, we investigated the effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) nanodroplets generated in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags of intravenous (IV) saline on the stability and immunogenicity of IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) formulations. We showed that PVC IV bags containing saline can release DEHP droplets into the solution when agitated or transported using a pneumatic tube transportation system in a clinical setting. We next investigated the effects of emulsified DEHP nanodroplets on IVIG stability and immunogenicity. IVIG adsorbed strongly to DEHP nanodroplets, forming a monolayer. In addition, DEHP nanodroplets accelerated IVIG aggregation in agitated samples. The immunogenicity of DEHP nanodroplets and IVIG aggregates generated in these formulations were evaluated using an in vitro assay of complement activation in human serum. The results suggested DEHP nanodroplets shed from PVC IV bags could reduce protein stability and induce activation of the complement system, potentially contributing to adverse immune responses during the administration of therapeutic proteins.
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Tortolano L, Matmati H, Bourhis M, Manerlax K, Lemare F, Saunier J, Yagoubi N. DinCH and ESBO actual migration from PVC infusion tubings used in an oncopediatric unit. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Tortolano
- EA 401: Matériaux et santé; Université Paris-Saclay, UFR Pharmacie; Châtenay-Malabry F-92290 France
- Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor, Department of Pharmacy; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Créteil F-94010 France
| | - Houssem Matmati
- EA 401: Matériaux et santé; Université Paris-Saclay, UFR Pharmacie; Châtenay-Malabry F-92290 France
| | - Matthieu Bourhis
- Département de Pharmacie Clinique; Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay; Villejuif F-94805 France
| | - Katia Manerlax
- EA 401: Matériaux et santé; Université Paris-Saclay, UFR Pharmacie; Châtenay-Malabry F-92290 France
| | - François Lemare
- Département de Pharmacie Clinique; Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay; Villejuif F-94805 France
- Chair of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy of Paris; Sorbonne-Paris University; Paris F-75006 France
- EA 7348 (MOS) de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes de Santé Publique; Rennes F-35000 France
| | - Johanna Saunier
- EA 401: Matériaux et santé; Université Paris-Saclay, UFR Pharmacie; Châtenay-Malabry F-92290 France
| | - Najet Yagoubi
- EA 401: Matériaux et santé; Université Paris-Saclay, UFR Pharmacie; Châtenay-Malabry F-92290 France
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Al Salloum H, Saunier J, Dazzi A, Vigneron J, Etcheberry A, Marlière C, Aymes-Chodur C, Herry JM, Bernard M, Jubeli E, Yagoubi N. Characterization of the surface physico-chemistry of plasticized PVC used in blood bag and infusion tubing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:317-334. [PMID: 28415468 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Commercial infusion tubing and blood storage devices (tubing, blood and platelets bags) made of plasticized PVC were analyzed by spectroscopic, chromatographic and microscopic techniques in order to identify and quantify the additives added to the polymer (lubricants, thermal stabilizers, plasticizers) and to put into evidence their blooming onto the surface of the devices. For all the samples, deposits were observed on the surface but with different kinds of morphologies. Ethylene bis amide lubricant and metallic stearate stabilizers were implicated in the formation of these layers. In contact with aqueous media, these insoluble deposits were damaged, suggesting a possible particulate contamination of the infused solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Al Salloum
- IFR 141, EA 401, UFR de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - J Saunier
- IFR 141, EA 401, UFR de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France.
| | - A Dazzi
- LCP, CNRS-UMR8000, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Vigneron
- ILV, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats Unis, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - A Etcheberry
- ILV, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats Unis, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - C Marlière
- ISMO, UMR CNRS 8214, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - C Aymes-Chodur
- IFR 141, EA 401, UFR de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - J M Herry
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M Bernard
- IFR 141, EA 401, UFR de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - E Jubeli
- IFR 141, EA 401, UFR de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - N Yagoubi
- IFR 141, EA 401, UFR de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France
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Faessler D, McCombie G, Biedermann M, Felder F, Subotic U. Leaching of plasticizers from polyvinylchloride perfusion lines by different lipid emulsions for premature infants under clinical conditions. Int J Pharm 2017; 520:119-125. [PMID: 28126549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasticizers migrate from polyvinylchloride (PVC) infusion systems into lipid emulsions. The aim of this study was to investigate the leaching of different plasticizers from PVC perfusion lines by a selection of lipid emulsions under clinical conditions. Seven PVC perfusion lines with an equal length of 150cm and three internal diameters were perfused with three lipid emulsions: Intralipid® 20%, ClinOleic® 20% and SMOFlipid® 20%, mimicking clinical conditions. The concentrations of the plasticizers were measured directly in the emulsions by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Of the four plasticizers examined in this study, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) leached the most and was found, on average, at 46.5μg/ml in the emulsions - around one order of magnitude higher than the other plasticizers. This study demonstrates that the leaching of DEHP by lipid emulsions in conditions of total parenteral nutrition is many times higher than should be accepted and higher when compared to the other plasticizers. There was no significant difference in leaching of plasticizers in relation to the type of lipid emulsion. The influence of tube diameter on the leaching rate of plasticizers should be taken into account especially in particular exposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Faessler
- Division of Visceral, Neonatal, and Fetal Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor McCombie
- :Official Food Control Laboratory of the Canton of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurus Biedermann
- :Official Food Control Laboratory of the Canton of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Felder
- :Official Food Control Laboratory of the Canton of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Subotic
- Division of Visceral, Neonatal, and Fetal Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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Al Salloum H, Saunier J, Tfayli A, Yagoubi N. Studying DEHP migration in plasticized PVC used for blood bags by coupling Raman confocal microscopy to UV spectroscopy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 61:56-62. [PMID: 26838824 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasticized PVC is widely used to make medical devices such as tubing, perfusion bags and blood bags. By using confocal Raman microscopy on a PVC sheet plasticized with around 40% of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), we propose a simple and sensitive approach to studying and understanding the diffusion of plasticizers from polymers into the surrounding media. Moreover, we sought to correlate our findings to standard measurements conducted by UV spectroscopy. This study showed differences in the concentration gradient observed due to the diffusion of the plasticizer inside a PVC sheet. We can thus follow the critical DEHP ratios that can impact the diffusion process. Water and ethanol were chosen as storage media: in ethanol, the lowest concentration of DEHP was observed at the surface resulting in the formation of a less plasticized layer near the interface; unlike ethanol, PVC sheets stored in water showed a greater concentration of DEHP on the film surface as an exudation of DEHP onto the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Al Salloum
- IFR 141, EA 401, UFR de Pharmacie - Université Paris Sud, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - J Saunier
- IFR 141, EA 401, UFR de Pharmacie - Université Paris Sud, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France.
| | - A Tfayli
- Lip(Sys)(2), UFR de Pharmacie - Université Paris Sud, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - N Yagoubi
- IFR 141, EA 401, UFR de Pharmacie - Université Paris Sud, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France
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Martinez-Arguelles DB, Papadopoulos V. Mechanisms mediating environmental chemical-induced endocrine disruption in the adrenal gland. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:29. [PMID: 25788893 PMCID: PMC4349159 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are continuously exposed to hundreds of man-made chemicals that pollute the environment in addition to multiple therapeutic drug treatments administered throughout life. Some of these chemicals, known as endocrine disruptors (EDs), mimic endogenous signals, thereby altering gene expression, influencing development, and promoting disease. Although EDs are eventually removed from the market or replaced with safer alternatives, new evidence suggests that early-life exposure leaves a fingerprint on the epigenome, which may increase the risk of disease later in life. Epigenetic changes occurring in early life in response to environmental toxicants have been shown to affect behavior, increase cancer risk, and modify the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Thus, exposure to an ED or combination of EDs may represent a first hit to the epigenome. Only limited information is available regarding the effect of ED exposure on adrenal function. The adrenal gland controls the stress response, blood pressure, and electrolyte homeostasis. This endocrine organ therefore has an important role in physiology and is a sensitive target of EDs. We review herein the effect of ED exposure on the adrenal gland with particular focus on in utero exposure to the plasticizer di(2-ethylehyl) phthalate. We discuss the challenges associated with identifying the mechanism mediating the epigenetic origins of disease and availability of biomarkers that may identify individual or population risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Martinez-Arguelles
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Daniel B. Martinez-Arguelles and Vassilios Papadopoulos, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room C10-148, Montréal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada e-mail: ;
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Daniel B. Martinez-Arguelles and Vassilios Papadopoulos, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room C10-148, Montréal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada e-mail: ;
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12
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Perspectives on alternatives to phthalate plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) in medical devices applications. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Phthalates are multifunctional chemicals used in personal care products, medications, and plastics. We reviewed the epidemiological literature examining the relationship between early life phthalate exposure and pediatric health outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Five studies from Asia, Europe, and the United States suggest that childhood exposure to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP) may increase the risk of allergic diseases including asthma and eczema. Six studies from four different prospective cohorts report that gestational BBzP, DEHP, di-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di-ethyl phthalate (DEP) exposures are associated with alterations in infant/toddler physical development as well as parent-reported externalizing, internalizing, and autistic-like child behavior. However, there are inconsistencies related to the specific phthalates and behavioral domains. Two small studies report shorter anogenital distance among male infants with higher gestational phthalate exposure. SUMMARY Several epidemiological studies suggest fetal and childhood exposure to some phthalates may perturb normal development, with several studies consistently reporting increased risk of allergic diseases with DEHP and BBzP exposure. Although anticipatory guidance is not evidence-based at this time, providers can counsel concerned patients to reduce phthalate exposures in order to protect the developing fetus and child from potential adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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14
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Bagel S, Dessaigne B, Bourdeaux D, Boyer A, Bouteloup C, Bazin JE, Chopineau J, Sautou V. Influence of Lipid Type on Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) Leaching From Infusion Line Sets in Parenteral Nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2011; 35:770-5. [PMID: 21868720 DOI: 10.1177/0148607111414021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bagel
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Pharmacy, G Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bérangère Dessaigne
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Pharmacy, G Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Bourdeaux
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Pharmacy, G Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Biotechnics, University Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne Boyer
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Pharmacy, G Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Biotechnics, University Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Bouteloup
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Estaing Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Etienne Bazin
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Estaing Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean Chopineau
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Pharmacy, G Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Biotechnics, University Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Sautou
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Pharmacy, G Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Biotechnics, University Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Alvarez Hernández J. [Parenteral nutrition at home]. ENDOCRINOLOGIA Y NUTRICION : ORGANO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ENDOCRINOLOGIA Y NUTRICION 2010; 57:287-289. [PMID: 20580330 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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