1
|
Mwachaka PM, Gichangi P, Abdelmalek A, Odula P, Ogeng'o J. Maternal usage of varying levels of dietary folate affects the postnatal development of cerebellar folia and cortical layer volumes. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38367228 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2312304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cerebellum has a long, protracted developmental period; therefore, it is more sensitive to intrauterine and postnatal insults like nutritional deficiencies. Folate is an essential nutrient in fetal and postnatal brain development, and its supplementation during pregnancy is widely recommended. This study aimed to describe the effects of maternal folate intake on postnatal cerebellum development. METHODS Twelve adult female Rattus norwegicus (6-8 weeks old) rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups and given one of four premixed diets: a standard diet (2 mg/kg), a folate-deficient (folate 0 mg/kg), folate-supplemented (8 mg/kg), or folate supra-supplemented (40 mg/kg). The rats began consuming their specific diets 14 days before mating and were maintained on them throughout pregnancy and lactation. Five pups from each group were sacrificed, and their brains processed for light microscopic examination on postnatal days 1, 7, 21, and 35. The data gathered included the morphology of the cerebellar folia and an estimate of the volume of the cerebellar cortical layer using the Cavalieri method. RESULTS Folia of the folate-supplemented and supra-supplemented groups were thicker and showed extensive branching with sub-lobule formation. The folate-deficient diet group's folia were smaller, had more inter-folial spaces, or fused. When compared to the folate-deficient group, the volumes of the cerebellum and individual cerebellar cortical layers were significantly larger in the folate-supplemented and supra-supplemented groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Folate supplementation during pregnancy and lactation improves the degree and complexity of the cerebellar folia and the volumes of individual cerebellar cortical layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Maseghe Mwachaka
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Gichangi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Adel Abdelmalek
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Odula
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julius Ogeng'o
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gebril HM, Lai T, Fedele DE, Wahba A. Developmental and foliation changes due to dysregulation of adenosine kinase in the cerebellum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19831. [PMID: 37963945 PMCID: PMC10645999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-metabolizing enzyme, plays a key role in brain development and disease. In humans, mutations in the Adk gene have been linked to developmental delay, stunted growth, and intellectual disability. To better understand the role of ADK in brain development, it is important to dissect the specific roles of the two isoforms of the enzyme expressed in the cytoplasm (ADK-S) and cell nucleus (ADK-L). We, therefore, studied brain development in Adk-tg transgenic mice, which only express ADK-S in the absence of ADK-L throughout development. In the mutant animals, we found a reduction in the overall brain, body size, and weight during fetal and postnatal development. As a major developmental abnormality, we found a profound change in the foliation pattern of the cerebellum. Strikingly, our results indicated aberrant Purkinje cells arborization at P9 and accelerated cell death at P6 and P9. We found defects in cerebellar cell proliferation and migration using a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-based cell proliferation assay at postnatal day 7. Our data demonstrate that dysregulation of ADK expression during brain development profoundly affects brain growth and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda M Gebril
- Departement of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Tho Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Denise E Fedele
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Amir Wahba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City, 34518, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Three dimensional reconstruction of the mouse cerebellum in Hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma models to identify Norrin-dependent effects on preneoplasia. Commun Biol 2022; 5:569. [PMID: 35680976 PMCID: PMC9184598 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSpontaneous mouse models of medulloblastoma (MB) offer a tractable system to study malignant progression in the brain. Mouse Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-MB tumours first appear at postnatal stages as preneoplastic changes on the surface of the cerebellum, the external granule layer (EGL). Here we compared traditional histology and 3DISCO tissue clearing in combination with light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) to identify and quantify preneoplastic changes induced by disrupting stromal Norrin/Frizzled 4 (Fzd4) signalling, a potent tumour inhibitory signal in two mouse models of spontaneous Shh-MB. We show that 3DISCO-LSFM is as accurate as traditional histology for detecting Norrin/Fzd4-associated changes in PNL formation in Ptch+/− mice and EGL hyperplasia in Neurod2-SmoA1+/− mice. Moreover, we show that the anti-tumour effect of Norrin/Fzd4 signalling is restricted to the posterior region of the cerebellum and is characterized by defective neural progenitor migration away from the EGL. In conclusion, 3DISCO-LSFM is a valid way to monitor tumour initiation events in mouse MB models and reveals an unanticipated regional restriction of stromal signalling in constraining tumour initiation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Winkler CW, Clancy CS, Rosenke R, Peterson KE. Zika virus vertical transmission in interferon receptor1-antagonized Rag1 -/- mice results in postnatal brain abnormalities and clinical disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:46. [PMID: 35379362 PMCID: PMC8981715 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which vertically transmitted Zika virus (ZIKV) causes postnatal brain development abnormalities and congenital disease remain poorly understood. Here, we optimized the established anti-IFNAR1 treated, Rag1-/- (AIR) mouse model of ZIKV infection to examine the consequence of vertical transmission on neonate survival and postnatal brain development. We found that modulating the infectious dose and the frequency of anti-IFNAR1 treatment of pregnant mice (termed AIRlow mice) prolonged neonatal survival allowing for pathogenesis studies of brain tissues at critical postnatal time points. Postnatal AIRlow mice all had chronic ZIKV infection in the brain that was associated with decreased cortical thickness and cerebellar volume, increased gliosis, and higher levels of cell death in many brain areas including cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum when compared to controls. Interestingly, despite active infection and brain abnormalities, the neurodevelopmental program remained active in AIRlow mice as indicated by elevated mRNA expression of critical neurodevelopmental genes in the brain and enlargement of neural-progenitor rich regions of the cerebellum at a developmental time point analogous to birth in humans. Nevertheless, around the developmental time point when the brain is fully populated by neurons, AIRlow mice developed neurologic disease associated with persistent ZIKV infection in the brain, gliosis, and increased cell death. Together, these data show that vertically transmitted ZIKV infection in the brain of postnatal AIRlow mice strongly influences brain development resulting in structural abnormalities and cell death in multiple regions of the brain.
Collapse
|
5
|
Reddy NC, Majidi SP, Kong L, Nemera M, Ferguson CJ, Moore M, Goncalves TM, Liu HK, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Zhao G, Yamada T, Bonni A, Gabel HW. CHARGE syndrome protein CHD7 regulates epigenomic activation of enhancers in granule cell precursors and gyrification of the cerebellum. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5702. [PMID: 34588434 PMCID: PMC8481233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of chromatin plays fundamental roles in the development of the brain. Haploinsufficiency of the chromatin remodeling enzyme CHD7 causes CHARGE syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects the development of the cerebellum. However, how CHD7 controls chromatin states in the cerebellum remains incompletely understood. Using conditional knockout of CHD7 in granule cell precursors in the mouse cerebellum, we find that CHD7 robustly promotes chromatin accessibility, active histone modifications, and RNA polymerase recruitment at enhancers. In vivo profiling of genome architecture reveals that CHD7 concordantly regulates epigenomic modifications associated with enhancer activation and gene expression of topologically-interacting genes. Genome and gene ontology studies show that CHD7-regulated enhancers are associated with genes that control brain tissue morphogenesis. Accordingly, conditional knockout of CHD7 triggers a striking phenotype of cerebellar polymicrogyria, which we have also found in a case of CHARGE syndrome. Finally, we uncover a CHD7-dependent switch in the preferred orientation of granule cell precursor division in the developing cerebellum, providing a potential cellular basis for the cerebellar polymicrogyria phenotype upon loss of CHD7. Collectively, our findings define epigenomic regulation by CHD7 in granule cell precursors and identify abnormal cerebellar patterning upon CHD7 depletion, with potential implications for our understanding of CHARGE syndrome. CHARGE syndrome that affects cerebellar development can be caused by haploinsufficiency of the chromatin remodeling enzyme CHD7; however the precise role of CHD7 remains unknown. Here the authors show CHD7 promotes chromatin accessibility and enhancer activity in granule cell precursors and regulates morphogenesis of the cerebellar cortex, where loss of CHD7 triggers cerebellar polymicrogyria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen C Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shahriyar P Majidi
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,MD-PhD Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lingchun Kong
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mati Nemera
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cole J Ferguson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tassia M Goncalves
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Im Neunheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tomoko Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Azad Bonni
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Harrison W Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alves MJ, Goksel M, Kaya B, Mostafa H, Gygli P, Stephens J, Fair S, Otero JJ, Czeisler CM. CCNA2 Ablation in Aged Mice Results in Abnormal rRNA Granule Accumulation in Hippocampus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:426-439. [PMID: 30579783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence in the literature suggests that RNA-RNA binding protein aggregations can disturb neuronal homeostasis and lead to symptoms associated with normal aging as well as dementia. The specific ablation of cyclin A2 in adult neurons results in neuronal polyribosome aggregations and learning and memory deficits. Detailed histologic and ultrastructural assays of aged mice revealed that post-mitotic hippocampal pyramidal neurons maintain cyclin A2 expression and that proliferative cells in the dentate subgranular zone express cyclin A2. Cyclin A2 loss early during neural development inhibited hippocampal development through canonical/cell-cycle mechanisms, including prolonged cell cycle timing in embryonic hippocampal progenitor cells. However, in mature neurons, cyclin A2 colocalized with dendritic rRNA. Cyclin A2 ablation in adult hippocampus resulted in decreased synaptic density in the hippocampus as well as in accumulation of rRNA granules in dendrite shafts. We conclude that cyclin A2 functions in a noncanonical/non-cell cycle regulatory role to maintain adult pyramidal neuron ribostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele J Alves
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mustafa Goksel
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Behiye Kaya
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hasnaa Mostafa
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Patrick Gygli
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julie Stephens
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Summer Fair
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - José J Otero
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Catherine M Czeisler
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tolcos M, McDougall A, Shields A, Chung Y, O'Dowd R, Turnley A, Wallace M, Rees S. Intrauterine Growth Restriction Affects Cerebellar Granule Cells in the Developing Guinea Pig Brain. Dev Neurosci 2018; 40:162-174. [PMID: 29763885 DOI: 10.1159/000487797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can lead to adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae in postnatal life. However, the effects of IUGR on the cerebellum are still to be fully elucidated. A major determinant of growth and development of the cerebellum is proliferation and subsequent migration of cerebellar granule cells. Our objective was to determine whether IUGR, induced by chronic placental insufficiency (CPI) in guinea pigs, results in abnormal cerebellar development due to deficits suggestive of impaired granule cell proliferation and/or migration. CPI was induced by unilateral ligation of the uterine artery at mid-gestation, producing growth-restricted (GR) foetuses at 52 and 60 days of gestation (dg), and neonates at 1 week postnatal age (term approx. 67 dg). Controls were from sham-operated animals. In GR foetuses compared with controls at 52 dg, the external granular layer (EGL) width and internal granular layer (IGL) area were similar. In GR foetuses compared with controls at 60 dg: (a) the EGL width was greater (p < 0.005); (b) the IGL area was smaller (p < 0.005); (c) the density of Ki67-negative (postmitotic) granule cells in the EGL was greater (p < 0.01); (d) the somal area of Purkinje cells was reduced (p < 0.005), and (e) the linear density of Bergmann glia was similar. The EGL width in GR foetuses at 60 dg was comparable to that of 52 dg control and GR foetuses. The pattern of p27-immunoreactivity in the EGL was the inverse of Ki67-immunoreactivity at both foetal ages; there was no difference between control and GR foetuses at either age in the width of p27-immunoreactivity, or in the percentage of the EGL width that it occupied. In the molecular layer of GR neonates compared with controls there was an increase in the areal density of granule cells (p < 0.05) and in the percentage of migrating to total number of granule cells (p < 0.01) at 1 week but not at 60 dg (p > 0.05). Thus, we found no specific evidence that IUGR affects granule cell proliferation, but it alters the normal program of migration to the IGL and, in addition, the development of Purkinje cells. Such alterations will likely affect the development of appropriate circuitry and have implications for cerebellar function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Tolcos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annie McDougall
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Shields
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yoonyoung Chung
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachael O'Dowd
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann Turnley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Rees
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rosenberg AB, Roco CM, Muscat RA, Kuchina A, Sample P, Yao Z, Graybuck LT, Peeler DJ, Mukherjee S, Chen W, Pun SH, Sellers DL, Tasic B, Seelig G. Single-cell profiling of the developing mouse brain and spinal cord with split-pool barcoding. Science 2018; 360:176-182. [PMID: 29545511 PMCID: PMC7643870 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam8999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate scalable profiling of single cells, we developed split-pool ligation-based transcriptome sequencing (SPLiT-seq), a single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) method that labels the cellular origin of RNA through combinatorial barcoding. SPLiT-seq is compatible with fixed cells or nuclei, allows efficient sample multiplexing, and requires no customized equipment. We used SPLiT-seq to analyze 156,049 single-nucleus transcriptomes from postnatal day 2 and 11 mouse brains and spinal cords. More than 100 cell types were identified, with gene expression patterns corresponding to cellular function, regional specificity, and stage of differentiation. Pseudotime analysis revealed transcriptional programs driving four developmental lineages, providing a snapshot of early postnatal development in the murine central nervous system. SPLiT-seq provides a path toward comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic analysis of other similarly complex multicellular systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles M Roco
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard A Muscat
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna Kuchina
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul Sample
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - David J Peeler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sumit Mukherjee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew L Sellers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Georg Seelig
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Scheuer T, Sharkovska Y, Tarabykin V, Marggraf K, Brockmöller V, Bührer C, Endesfelder S, Schmitz T. Neonatal Hyperoxia Perturbs Neuronal Development in the Cerebellum. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3901-3915. [PMID: 28547531 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired postnatal brain development of preterm infants often results in neurological deficits. Besides pathologies of the forebrain, maldeveolopment of the cerebellum is increasingly recognized to contribute to psychomotor impairments of many former preterm infants. However, causes are poorly defined. We used a hyperoxia model to define neonatal damage in cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs) and in Purkinje cells (PCs) known to be essential for interaction with GCPs during development. We exposed newborn rats to 24 h 80% O2 from age P6 to P7 to identify postnatal and long-term damage in cerebellar GCPs at age P7 after hyperoxia and also after recovery in room air thereafter until P11 and P30. We determined proliferation and apoptosis of GCPs and immature neurons by immunohistochemistry, quantified neuronal damage by qPCR and Western blots for neuronal markers, and measured dendrite outgrowth of PCs by CALB1 immunostainings and by Sholl analysis of Golgi stainings. After hyperoxia, proliferation of PAX6+ GCPs was decreased at P7, while DCX + CASP3+ cells were increased at P11. Neuronal markers Pax6, Tbr2, and Prox1 were downregulated at P11 and P30. Neuronal damage was confirmed by reduced NeuN protein expression at P30. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) was significantly decreased at P7 and P11 after hyperoxia and coincided with lower CyclinD2 and Hes1 expression at P7. The granule cell injury was accompanied by hampered PC maturation with delayed dendrite formation and impaired branching. Neonatal injury induced by hyperoxia inhibits PC functioning and impairs granule cell development. As a conclusion, maldevelopment of the cerebellar neurons found in preterm infants could be caused by postnatal oxygen toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Scheuer
- Department for Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Bioanalytics, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355, Berlin, Germany. .,Klinik für Neonatologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yuliya Sharkovska
- Department for Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Marggraf
- Department for Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vivien Brockmöller
- Department for Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department for Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Schmitz
- Department for Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Czeisler C, Short A, Nelson T, Gygli P, Ortiz C, Catacutan FP, Stocker B, Cronin J, Lannutti J, Winter J, Otero JJ. Surface topography during neural stem cell differentiation regulates cell migration and cell morphology. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:3485-3502. [PMID: 27418162 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine the contribution of scaffold topography to the migration and morphology of neural stem cells by mimicking anatomical features of scaffolds found in vivo. We mimicked two types of central nervous system scaffolds encountered by neural stem cells during development in vitro by constructing different diameter electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber mats, a substrate that we have shown to be topographically similar to brain scaffolds. We compared the effects of large fibers (made to mimic blood vessel topography) with those of small-diameter fibers (made to mimic radial glial process topography) on the migration and differentiation of neural stem cells. Neural stem cells showed differential migratory and morphological reactions with laminin in different topographical contexts. We demonstrate, for the first time, that neural stem cell biological responses to laminin are dependent on topographical context. Large-fiber topography without laminin prevented cell migration, which was partially reversed by treatment with rock inhibitor. Cell morphology complexity assayed by fractal dimension was inhibited in nocodazole- and cytochalasin-D-treated neural precursor cells in large-fiber topography, but was not changed in small-fiber topography with these inhibitors. These data indicate that cell morphology has different requirements on cytoskeletal proteins dependent on the topographical environment encountered by the cell. We propose that the physical structure of distinct scaffolds induces unique signaling cascades that regulate migration and morphology in embryonic neural precursor cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3485-3502, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Czeisler
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Aaron Short
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Tyler Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Patrick Gygli
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Cristina Ortiz
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Fay Patsy Catacutan
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Ben Stocker
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - James Cronin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - John Lannutti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Jessica Winter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, Ohio, 43210. .,William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, Ohio, 43210.
| | - José Javier Otero
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 43210.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Siddiqi F, Wolfe JH. Stem Cell Therapy for the Central Nervous System in Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:749-757. [PMID: 27420186 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases with genetic etiologies result in the loss or dysfunction of neural cells throughout the CNS. At present, few treatment options exist for the majority of neurogenetic diseases. Stem cell transplantation (SCT) into the CNS has the potential to be an effective treatment modality because progenitor cells may replace lost cells in the diseased brain, provide multiple trophic factors, or deliver missing proteins. This review focuses on the use of SCT in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), a large group of monogenic disorders with prominent CNS disease. In most patients the CNS disease results in intellectual disability that is refractory to current standard-of-care treatment. A large amount of preclinical work on brain-directed SCT has been performed in rodent LSD models. Cell types that have been used for direct delivery into the CNS include neural stem cells, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells have been an effective therapy for the CNS in a few LSDs and may be augmented by overexpression of the missing gene. Current barriers and potential strategies to improve SCT for translation into effective patient therapies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faez Siddiqi
- 1 Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John H Wolfe
- 1 Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine and W.F. Goodman Center for Comparative Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gygli PE, Chang JC, Gokozan HN, Catacutan FP, Schmidt TA, Kaya B, Goksel M, Baig FS, Chen S, Griveau A, Michowski W, Wong M, Palanichamy K, Sicinski P, Nelson RJ, Czeisler C, Otero JJ. Cyclin A2 promotes DNA repair in the brain during both development and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:1540-70. [PMID: 27425845 PMCID: PMC4993346 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Various stem cell niches of the brain have differential requirements for Cyclin A2. Cyclin A2 loss results in marked cerebellar dysmorphia, whereas forebrain growth is retarded during early embryonic development yet achieves normal size at birth. To understand the differential requirements of distinct brain regions for Cyclin A2, we utilized neuroanatomical, transgenic mouse, and mathematical modeling techniques to generate testable hypotheses that provide insight into how Cyclin A2 loss results in compensatory forebrain growth during late embryonic development. Using unbiased measurements of the forebrain stem cell niche, we parameterized a mathematical model whereby logistic growth instructs progenitor cells as to the cell-types of their progeny. Our data was consistent with prior findings that progenitors proliferate along an auto-inhibitory growth curve. The growth retardation inCCNA2-null brains corresponded to cell cycle lengthening, imposing a developmental delay. We hypothesized that Cyclin A2 regulates DNA repair and that CCNA2-null progenitors thus experienced lengthened cell cycle. We demonstrate that CCNA2-null progenitors suffer abnormal DNA repair, and implicate Cyclin A2 in double-strand break repair. Cyclin A2's DNA repair functions are conserved among cell lines, neural progenitors, and hippocampal neurons. We further demonstrate that neuronal CCNA2 ablation results in learning and memory deficits in aged mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E. Gygli
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua C. Chang
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hamza N. Gokozan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fay P. Catacutan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Theresa A. Schmidt
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Behiye Kaya
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mustafa Goksel
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Faisal S. Baig
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shannon Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amelie Griveau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Wojciech Michowski
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kamalakannan Palanichamy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine. Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Randy J. Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Catherine Czeisler
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - José J. Otero
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gokozan HN, Baig F, Corcoran S, Catacutan FP, Gygli PE, Takakura AC, Moreira TS, Czeisler C, Otero JJ. Area postrema undergoes dynamic postnatal changes in mice and humans. J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:1259-69. [PMID: 26400711 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The postnatal period in mammals represents a developmental epoch of significant change in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This study focuses on postnatal development of the area postrema, a crucial ANS structure that regulates temperature, breathing, and satiety, among other activities. We find that the human area postrema undergoes significant developmental changes during postnatal development. To characterize these changes further, we used transgenic mouse reagents to delineate neuronal circuitry. We discovered that, although a well-formed ANS scaffold exists early in embryonic development, the area postrema shows a delayed maturation. Specifically, postnatal days 0-7 in mice show no significant change in area postrema volume or synaptic input from PHOX2B-derived neurons. In contrast, postnatal days 7-20 show a significant increase in volume and synaptic input from PHOX2B-derived neurons. We conclude that key ANS structures show unexpected dynamic developmental changes during postnatal development. These data provide a basis for understanding ANS dysfunction and disease predisposition in premature and postnatal humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Numan Gokozan
- The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Faisal Baig
- The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Sarah Corcoran
- The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Fay Patsy Catacutan
- The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Patrick Edwin Gygli
- The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Ana C Takakura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Catherine Czeisler
- The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - José J Otero
- The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| |
Collapse
|