1
|
Barbaresi P, Fabri M, Lorenzi T, Sagrati A, Morroni M. Intrinsic organization of the corpus callosum. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1393000. [PMID: 39035452 PMCID: PMC11259024 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1393000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum-the largest commissural fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres-is considered essential for bilateral sensory integration and higher cognitive functions. Most studies exploring the corpus callosum have examined either the anatomical, physiological, and neurochemical organization of callosal projections or the functional and/or behavioral aspects of the callosal connections after complete/partial callosotomy or callosal lesion. There are no works that address the intrinsic organization of the corpus callosum. We review the existing information on the activities that take place in the commissure in three sections: I) the topographical and neurochemical organization of the intracallosal fibers, II) the role of glia in the corpus callosum, and III) the role of the intracallosal neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Barbaresi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mara Fabri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Teresa Lorenzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Sagrati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Manrico Morroni
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
D'Amico F, Lugarà C, Luppino G, Giuffrida C, Giorgianni Y, Patanè EM, Manti S, Gambadauro A, La Rocca M, Abbate T. The Influence of Neurotrophins on the Brain-Lung Axis: Conception, Pregnancy, and Neonatal Period. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2528-2543. [PMID: 38534776 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are four small proteins produced by both neuronal and non-neuronal cells; they include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). NTs can exert their action through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms by interacting with specific receptors. Initial studies on NTs have identified them only as functional molecules of the nervous system. However, recent research have shown that some tissues and organs (such as the lungs, skin, and skeletal and smooth muscle) as well as some structural cells can secrete and respond to NTs. In addition, NTs perform several roles in normal and pathological conditions at different anatomical sites, in both fetal and postnatal life. During pregnancy, NTs are produced by the mother, placenta, and fetus. They play a pivotal role in the pre-implantation process and in placental and embryonic development; they are also involved in the development of the brain and respiratory system. In the postnatal period, it appears that NTs are associated with some diseases, such as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), asthma, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica D'Amico
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Cecilia Lugarà
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luppino
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Giuffrida
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Giorgianni
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maria Patanè
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Manti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Gambadauro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria La Rocca
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Abbate
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dos-Santos RC, Silva-Almeida CD, Marinho BG, Conceição RRD, Côrtes WDS, Ahmed RG, Laureano-Melo R. Perinatal N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester administration decreases anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adult mice. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2023; 21:eAO0302. [PMID: 38055553 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023ao0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that perinatal manipulations of the nitrergic system would affect adult animal behaviors. METHODS We tested this hypothesis by perinatally administering N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a non-specific antagonist of nitric oxide synthase for 15 days and assessed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adult mice. At 70 days of age, the mice were subjected to a battery of tests consisting of the open-field, light/dark box, forced swim, and tail-flick tests. The tests were performed at two-day intervals, and the order of the tests within the battery was determined according to the progressive invasiveness degree. RESULTS L-NAME-treated animals exhibited decreased anxiety-like behavior in the light/dark box and open field tests, with no change in locomotor activity. Additionally, they demonstrated decreased depression-like behavior in the forced swim test and no change in pain perception in the tail-flick test. CONCLUSION The nitrergic system is possibly involved in neural circuitry development that regulates behaviors since blocking perinatal nitric oxide production decreases anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adult mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoni Conceição Dos-Santos
- Department of Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Guimarães Marinho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues da Conceição
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ragab Gaber Ahmed
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Roberto Laureano-Melo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Behavioral Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Universidade Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Azargoonjahromi A. Dual role of nitric oxide in Alzheimer's Disease. Nitric Oxide 2023; 134-135:23-37. [PMID: 37019299 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an enzymatic product of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been associated with a variety of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). NO has long been thought to contribute to neurotoxic insults caused by neuroinflammation in AD. This perception shifts as more attention is paid to the early stages before cognitive problems manifest. However, it has revealed a compensatory neuroprotective role for NO that protects synapses by increasing neuronal excitability. NO can positively affect neurons by inducing neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, and myelination, as well as having cytolytic activity to reduce inflammation. NO can also induce long-term potentiation (LTP), a process by which synaptic connections among neurons become more potent. Not to mention that such functions give rise to AD protection. Notably, it is unquestionably necessary to conduct more research to clarify NO pathways in neurodegenerative dementias because doing so could help us better understand their pathophysiology and develop more effective treatment options. All these findings bring us to the prevailing notion that NO can be used either as a therapeutic agent in patients afflicted with AD and other memory impairment disorders or as a contributor to the neurotoxic and aggressive factor in AD. In this review, after presenting a general background on AD and NO, various factors that have a pivotal role in both protecting and exacerbating AD and their correlation with NO will be elucidated. Following this, both the neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of NO on neurons and glial cells among AD cases will be discussed in detail.
Collapse
|
5
|
Loron G, Pansiot J, Olivier P, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Baud O. Inhaled Nitric Oxide Promotes Angiogenesis in the Rodent Developing Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065871. [PMID: 36982947 PMCID: PMC10054632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a therapy used in neonates with pulmonary hypertension. Some evidence of its neuroprotective properties has been reported in both mature and immature brains subjected to injury. NO is a key mediator of the VEGF pathway, and angiogenesis may be involved in the reduced vulnerability to injury of white matter and the cortex conferred by iNO. Here, we report the effect of iNO on angiogenesis in the developing brain and its potential effectors. We found that iNO promotes angiogenesis in the developing white matter and cortex during a critical window in P14 rat pups. This shift in the developmental program of brain angiogenesis was not related to a regulation of NO synthases by exogenous NO exposure, nor the VEGF pathway or other angiogenic factors. The effects of iNO on brain angiogenesis were found to be mimicked by circulating nitrate/nitrite, suggesting that these carriers may play a role in transporting NO to the brain. Finally, our data show that the soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP signaling pathway is likely to be involved in the pro-angiogenetic effect of iNO through thrombospondin-1, a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix, inhibiting soluble guanylate cyclase through CD42 and CD36. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the biological basis of the effect of iNO in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier Loron
- Service de Médecine Néonatale et de Réanimation Pédiatrique, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CReSTIC, CHU Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Julien Pansiot
- Inserm, NeuroDiderot, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Paul Olivier
- Inserm, NeuroDiderot, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Baud
- Inserm, NeuroDiderot, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Siahanidou T, Spiliopoulou C. Pharmacological Neuroprotection of the Preterm Brain: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:479-491. [PMID: 32961562 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in viability, the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm babies remain serious concern as a significant percentage of these infants develop neurological and/or intellectual impairment, and they are also at increased risk of psychiatric illnesses later in life. The current challenge is to develop neuroprotective approaches to improve adverse outcomes in preterm survivors. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the current evidence on pharmacological agents targeting the neuroprotection of the preterm brain. Among them, magnesium sulfate, given antenatally to pregnant women with imminent preterm birth before 30 to 34 weeks of gestation, as well as caffeine administered to preterm infants after birth, exhibited neuroprotective effects for human preterm brain. Erythropoietin treatment of preterm infants did not result in neuroprotection at 2 years of age in two out of three published large randomized controlled trials; however, long-term follow-up of these infants is needed to come to definite conclusions. Further studies are also required to assess whether melatonin, neurosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide, allopurinol, or dietary supplements (omega-3 fatty acids, choline, curcumin, etc.) could be implemented as neuroprotectants in clinical practice. Furthermore, other pharmacological agents showing promising signs of neuroprotective efficacy in preclinical studies (growth factors, hyaluronidase inhibitors or treatment, antidiabetic drugs, cannabidiol, histamine-H3 receptor antagonists, etc.), as well as stem cell- or exosomal-based therapies and nanomedicine, may prove useful in the future as potential neuroprotective approaches for human preterm brain. KEY POINTS: · Magnesium and caffeine have neuroprotective effects for the preterm brain.. · Follow-up of infants treated with erythropoietin is needed.. · Neuroprotective efficacy of several drugs in animals needs to be shown in humans..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Siahanidou
- Neonatal Unit of the First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nakashima K, Hirahara Y, Koike T, Tanaka S, Gamo K, Oe S, Hayashi S, Seki-Omura R, Nakano Y, Ohe C, Yoshida T, Kataoka Y, Tsuda M, Yamashita T, Honke K, Kitada M. Sulfatide with ceramide composed of phytosphingosine (t18:0) and 2-hydroxy fatty acids in renal intercalated cells. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100210. [PMID: 35439525 PMCID: PMC9157219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse molecular species of sulfatide with differences in FA lengths, unsaturation degrees, and hydroxylation statuses are expressed in the kidneys. However, the physiological functions of specific sulfatide species in the kidneys are unclear. Here, we evaluated the distribution of specific sulfatide species in the kidneys and their physiological functions. Electron microscopic analysis of kidneys of Cst-deficient mice lacking sulfatide showed vacuolar accumulation in the cytoplasm of intercalated cells in the collecting duct, whereas the proximal and distal tubules were unchanged. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that vacuolar H+-ATPase-positive vesicles were accumulated in intercalated cells in sulfatide-deficient kidneys. Seventeen sulfatide species were detected in the murine kidney by iMScope MALDI-MS analysis. The distribution of the specific sulfatide species was classified into four patterns. Although most sulfatide species were highly expressed in the outer medullary layer, two unique sulfatide species of m/z 896.6 (predicted ceramide structure: t18:0-C22:0h) and m/z 924.6 (predicted ceramide structure: t18:0-C24:0h) were dispersed along the collecting duct, implying expression in intercalated cells. In addition, the intercalated cell-enriched fraction was purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using the anti-vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit 6V0A4, which predominantly contained sulfatide species (m/z 896.6 and 924.6). The Degs2 and Fa2h genes, which are responsible for ceramide hydroxylation, were expressed in the purified intercalated cells. These results suggested that sulfatide molecular species with ceramide composed of phytosphingosine (t18:0) and 2-hydroxy FAs, which were characteristically expressed in intercalated cells, were involved in the excretion of NH3 and protons into the urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research; Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuyuki Yamashita
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Nangoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Nangoku, Kochi, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Perinatal Hyperoxia and Developmental Consequences on the Lung-Brain Axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5784146. [PMID: 35251477 PMCID: PMC8894035 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5784146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 11.1% of all newborns worldwide are born preterm. Improved neonatal intensive care significantly increased survival rates over the last decades but failed to reduce the risk for the development of chronic lung disease (i.e., bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)) and impaired neurodevelopment (i.e., encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP)), two major long-term sequelae of prematurity. Premature infants are exposed to relative hyperoxia, when compared to physiological in-utero conditions and, if needed to additional therapeutic oxygen supplementation. Both are associated with an increased risk for impaired organ development. Since the detrimental effects of hyperoxia on the immature retina are known for many years, lung and brain have come into focus in the last decade. Hyperoxia-induced excessive production of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to pulmonary growth restriction and abnormal neurodevelopment, including myelination deficits. Despite a large body of studies, which unraveled important pathophysiological mechanisms for both organs at risk, the majority focused exclusively either on lung or on brain injury. However, considering that preterm infants suffering from BPD are at higher risk for poor neurodevelopmental outcome, an interaction between both organs seems plausible. This review summarizes recent findings regarding mechanisms of hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung and brain injury. We will discuss common pathophysiological pathways, which potentially link both injured organ systems. Furthermore, promises and needs of currently suggested therapies, including pharmacological and regenerative cell-based treatments for BPD and EoP, will be emphasized. Limited therapeutic approaches highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying detrimental effects of hyperoxia on the lung-brain axis in order to pave the way for the development of novel multimodal therapies, ideally targeting both severe preterm birth-associated complications.
Collapse
|
9
|
August PM, Klein CP, Grings M, Sagini JP, Rodrigues PIDL, Stocher DP, Stone V, Silva YD, Couto PRG, Salomon TB, Benfato MDS, Leipnitz G, Matté C. Maternal polyphenol intake impairs cerebellar redox homeostasis in newborn rats. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2066-2076. [PMID: 34076555 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1933330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polyphenols are compounds found in plants that have been extensively studied due to the health benefits of its consumption in adulthood. Meanwhile, recent evidence suggests that polyphenol consumption during pregnancy may not be safe for the fetus. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of naringenin supplementation during pregnancy on brain redox homeostasis and mitochondrial activity of the newborn rat. METHODS Adult female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: (1) vehicle (1 mL/Kg p.o.) or (2) naringenin (50 mg/Kg p.o.). Naringenin was administered once a day during pregnancy. The offspring were euthanized on postnatal day 7, as well the dams, and brain regions were dissected. RESULTS The offspring cerebellum was the most affected region, presenting increased activity of the mitochondrial electron transport system, allied to increased reactive species levels, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione concentration. The nitric oxide levels suffered structure-dependent alteration, with decreased levels in the pups' cerebellum and increased in the hippocampus. The offspring parietal cortex was not affected, as well as the parameters evaluated in the dams' brains. CONCLUSION Maternal consumption of naringenin alters offspring cerebellar redox homeostasis, which could be related to adverse effects on the motor and cognitive development in the descendants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Maciel August
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Peres Klein
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grings
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Sagini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Pereira Stocher
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Stone
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Yasmini Dandara Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pablo Ribeiro Gonçalves Couto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Boeira Salomon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mara da Silveira Benfato
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matté
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nitric oxide and the brain. Part 1: Mechanisms of regulation, transport and effects on the developing brain. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:738-745. [PMID: 32563183 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its known actions as a pulmonary vasodilator, nitric oxide (NO) is a key signal mediator in the neonatal brain. Despite the extensive use of NO for pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), its actions in the setting of brain hypoxia and ischemia, which co-exists with PAH in 20-30% of affected infants, are not well established. This review focuses on the mechanisms of actions of NO covering the basic, translational, and clinical evidence of its neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties. In this first part, we present the physiology of transport and delivery of NO to the brain and the regulation of cerebrovascular and systemic circulation by NO, as well the role of NO in the development of the immature brain. IMPACT: NO can be transferred from the site of production to the site of action rapidly and affects the central nervous system. Inhaled NO (iNO), a commonly used medication, can have significant effects on the neonatal brain. NO regulates the cerebrovascular and systemic circulation and plays a role in the development of the immature brain. This review describes the properties of NO under physiologic conditions and under stress. The impact of this review is that it describes the effects of NO, especially regarding the vulnerable neonatal brain, and helps understand the conditions that could contribute to neurotoxicity or neuroprotection.
Collapse
|
11
|
S-nitrosylation of the Peroxiredoxin-2 promotes S-nitrosoglutathione-mediated lung cancer cells apoptosis via AMPK-SIRT1 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:329. [PMID: 30988280 PMCID: PMC6465399 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosylation, the redox-based posttranslational modification of a cysteine thiol by the attachment of a nitric oxide (NO) group, is responsible for a variety of signaling effects. Dysregulation of S-nitrosylation may be directly linked to cancer apoptotic resistance and cancer therapy outcomes, emphasizing the importance of S-nitrosylation in cancer. Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prdx2), an antioxidant enzyme, plays an important role in the protection of cancer cells from oxidative radical damage caused by hydrogen dioxide (H2O2), which is a potential target for cancer therapy. Our studies showed that, as an endogenous NO carrier, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells via nitrosylating Prdx2. The nitrosylation of Prdx2 at Cys51 and Cys172 sites disrupted the formation of Prdx2 dimer and repressed the Prdx2 antioxidant activity, causing the accumulation of endogenous H2O2. H2O2 activated AMPK, which then phosphorylated SIRT1 and inhibited its deacetylation activity toward p53 in A549 cells or FOXO1 in NCI-H1299 cells. Taken together, our results elucidate the roles and mechanisms of Prdx2 S-nitrosylation at Cys51 and Cys172 sites in lung cancer cells apoptosis and this finding provides an effective lung cancer treatment strategy for managing aberrant Prdx2 activity in lung cancers.
Collapse
|
12
|
Barbaresi P, Mensà E, Sagrati A, Graciotti L. Postnatal development of the distribution of nitric oxide-producing neurons in the rat corpus callosum. Neurosci Res 2019; 151:15-30. [PMID: 30796928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The postnatal development of nitric oxide (NO)-producing intracallosal neurons was studied in rats by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry from postnatal day 0 (P0) to P30. NADPH-d-positive neurons (NADPH-d+Ns) were detected already at P0, mainly in the rostral region of the corpus callosum (cc). Their location and the intensity of staining allowed them to be classified as type I NO-producing neurons. At P0, tufts of intensely labeled fibers, probably corresponding to the callosal septa described in the monkey and human cc, entered the ventral cc region and reached its dorsal portion. From P5, cell bodies and dendrites were often associated to blood vessels. The number of intracallosal NADPH-d+Ns rose in the first postnatal days to peak at P5, it declined until P10, and then remained almost constant until P30. Their size increased from P0 to P30, dramatically so (>65%) from P0 to P15. From P10 onward their distribution was adult-like, i.e. NADPH-d+Ns were more numerous in the lateral and intermediate portions of the cc and diminished close to the midline. In conjunction with previous data, these findings indicate that intracallosal NADPH-d+Ns could have a role in callosal axon guidance, myelination, refinement processes, and callosal blood flow regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Barbaresi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, I-60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mensà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, I-60020, Ancona, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology, Marche Polytechnic University, I-60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Sagrati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, I-60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Graciotti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology, Marche Polytechnic University, I-60020, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Garthwaite J. NO as a multimodal transmitter in the brain: discovery and current status. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:197-211. [PMID: 30399649 PMCID: PMC6295412 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NO operates throughout the brain as an intercellular messenger, initiating its varied physiological effects by activating specialized GC-coupled receptors, resulting in the formation of cGMP. In line with the widespread expression of this pathway, NO participates in numerous different brain functions. This review gives an account of the discovery of NO as a signalling molecule in the brain, experiments that originated in the search for a mysterious cGMP-stimulating factor released from central neurones when their NMDA receptors were stimulated, and summarizes the subsequent key steps that helped establish its status as a central transmitter. Currently, various modes of operation are viewed to underlie its diverse behaviour, ranging from very local signalling between synaptic partners (in the orthograde or retrograde directions) to a volume-type transmission whereby NO synthesized by multiple synchronous sources summate spatially and temporally to influence intermingled neuronal or non-neuronal cells, irrespective of anatomical connectivity. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Garthwaite
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Panthi S, Manandhar S, Gautam K. Hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, and neurodegenerative disorders. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:3. [PMID: 29456842 PMCID: PMC5810063 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Nitric Oxide (NO) have become recognized as important gaseous signaling molecules with enormous pharmacological effects, therapeutic value, and central physiological roles. NO is one of the most important regulators of the pathophysiological condition in central nervous system (CNS). It is critical in the various functioning of the brain; however, beyond certain concentration/level, it is toxic. H2S was regarded as toxic gas with the smell like rotten egg. But, it is now regarded as emerging neuroprotectant and neuromodulator. Recently, the use of donors and inhibitors of these signaling molecules have helped us to identify their accurate and precise biological effects. The most abundant neurotransmitter of CNS (glutamate) is the initiator of the reaction that forms NO, and H2S is highly expressed in brain. These molecules are shedding light on the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. This review is mainly focused on the importance of H2S and NO for normal functioning of CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh Panthi
- Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Kripa Gautam
- China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barbaresi P, Mensà E, Bastioli G, Amoroso S. Substance P NK1 receptor in the rat corpus callosum during postnatal development. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00713. [PMID: 28638718 PMCID: PMC5474716 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The expression of substance P (SP) receptor (neurokinin 1, NK1) was studied in the rat corpus callosum (cc) from postnatal day 0 (the first 24 hr from birth, P0) to P30. METHODS We used immunocytochemistry to study the presence of intracallosal NK1-immunopositive neurons (NK1IP-n) during cc development. RESULTS NK1IP-n first appeared on P5. Their number increased significantly between P5 and P10, it remained almost constant between P10 and P15, then declined slightly until P30. The size of intracallosal NK1IP-n increased constantly from P5 (102.3 μm2) to P30 (262.07 μm2). From P5 onward, their distribution pattern was adult-like, that is, they were more numerous in the lateral and intermediate parts of the cc, and declined to few or none approaching the midline. At P5, intracallosal NK1IP-n had a predominantly round cell bodies with primary dendrites of different thickness from which originated thinner secondary branches. Between P10 and P15, dendrites were longer and more thickly branched, and displayed several varicosities as well as short, thin appendages. Between P20 and P30, NK1IP-n were qualitatively indistinguishable from those of adult animals and could be classified as bipolar (fusiform and rectangular), round-polygonal, and pyramidal (triangular-pyriform). CONCLUSIONS Number of NK1IP-n increase between P5 and P10, then declines, but unlike other intracallosal neurons, NK1IP-n make up a significant population in the adult cc. These findings suggest that NK1IP-n may be involved in the myelination of callosal axons, could play an important role in their pathfinding. Since they are also found in adult rat cc, it is likely that their role changes during lifetime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Barbaresi
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Marche Polytechnic University Ancona Italy
| | - Emanuela Mensà
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Marche Polytechnic University Ancona Italy
| | - Guendalina Bastioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health Marche Polytechnic University Ancona Italy
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health Marche Polytechnic University Ancona Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hirahara Y, Wakabayashi T, Mori T, Koike T, Yao I, Tsuda M, Honke K, Gotoh H, Ono K, Yamada H. Sulfatide species with various fatty acid chains in oligodendrocytes at different developmental stages determined by imaging mass spectrometry. J Neurochem 2016; 140:435-450. [PMID: 27861899 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HSO3-3-galactosylceramide (Sulfatide) species comprise the major glycosphingolipid components of oligodendrocytes and myelin and play functional roles in the regulation of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin formation. Although various sulfatide species contain different fatty acids, it is unclear how these sulfatide species affect oligodendrogenesis and myelination. The O4 monoclonal antibody reaction with sulfatide has been widely used as a useful marker for oligodendrocytes and myelin. However, sulfatide synthesis during the pro-oligodendroblast stage, where differentiation into the oligodendrocyte lineage has already occurred, has not been examined. Notably, this stage comprises O4-positive cells. In this study, we identified a sulfatide species from the pro-oligodendroblast-to-myelination stage by imaging mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that short-chain sulfatides with 16 carbon non-hydroxylated fatty acids (C16) and 18 carbon non-hydroxylated fatty acids (C18) or 18 carbon hydroxylated fatty acids (C18-OH) existed in restricted regions of the early embryonic spinal cord, where pro-oligodendroblasts initially appear, and co-localized with Olig2-positive pro-oligodendroblasts. C18 and C18-OH sulfatides also existed in isolated pro-oligodendroblasts. C22-OH sulfatide became predominant later in oligodendrocyte development and the longer C24 sulfatide was predominant in the adult brain. Additionally, the presence of each sulfatide species in a different area of the adult brain was demonstrated by imaging mass spectrometry at an increased lateral resolution. These findings indicated that O4 recognized sulfatides with short-chain fatty acids in pro-oligodendroblasts. Moreover, the fatty acid chain of the sulfatide became longer as the oligodendrocyte matured. Therefore, individual sulfatide species may have unique roles in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 356.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Hirahara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuji Mori
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.,School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Taro Koike
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yao
- Department of Optical Imaging, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- The Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Science Research Center, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Gotoh
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pham H, Duy AP, Pansiot J, Bollen B, Gallego J, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Baud O. Impact of inhaled nitric oxide on white matter damage in growth-restricted neonatal rats. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:563-9. [PMID: 25580736 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction is the second leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and neonates with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) have increased neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric morbidity. These neurocognitive impairments are mainly related to injury of the developing brain associated with IUGR. Growing evidence from preclinical models of brain injury in both adult and neonatal rodents supports the view that nitric oxide can promote neuroprotection. METHODS In a model of IUGR induced by protracted gestational hypoxia leading to diffuse white matter injury, we subjected neonatal rats to low dose (5 ppm) but long-lasting (7 d) exposure to inhaled NO (iNO). We used a combination of techniques, including immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR, and cognitive assessment, to assess neuroprotection. RESULTS Antenatal hypoxia-induced IUGR was associated with severe neuroinflammation and delayed myelination. iNO exposure during the first postnatal week significantly attenuated cell death and microglial activation, enhanced oligodendroglial proliferation and finally improved myelination. Remarkably, iNO was associated with the specific upregulation of P27kip1, which initiates oligodendrocytic differentiation. Finally, iNO counteracted the deleterious effects of hypoxia on learning abilities. CONCLUSION This study provides new evidence that iNO could be effective in preventing brain damage and/or enhancing repair of the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Pham
- 1] INSERM UMR1141, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France [2] PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
| | - An Phan Duy
- 1] INSERM UMR1141, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France [2] PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Julien Pansiot
- 1] INSERM UMR1141, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France [2] PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Bieke Bollen
- 1] INSERM UMR1141, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France [2] PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Gallego
- 1] INSERM UMR1141, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France [2] PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Baud
- 1] INSERM UMR1141, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France [2] PremUP Foundation, Paris, France [3] Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Robert Debré Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Phan Duy A, Pham H, Pansiot J, Gressens P, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Baud O. Nitric Oxide Pathway and Proliferation of Neural Progenitors in the Neonatal Rat. Dev Neurosci 2015; 37:417-27. [PMID: 25791196 DOI: 10.1159/000375488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence demonstrate that inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) not only acts locally on the pulmonary vasculature but also has remote effects on the mature and developing brain under basal or pathological conditions by modulating cerebral blood flow and microvascularization, white matter maturation, inflammation, and subsequent brain repair. Previously, consistent studies demonstrated that increased levels of guanosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), the main effector of biological effect induced by nitric oxide (NO), significantly augment proliferation and neuronal differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs). In the present study, we ask the question whether iNO could promote the proliferation of NPCs in the uninjured developing brain. We first reported that iNO exposure at a concentration of 20 ppm during the first 7 days of life was associated with a significant but transient elevation of brain cGMP concentration 2 h after the onset of iNO exposure and a subsequent increase in myelin content of the developing white matter at postnatal day (P) 10. Using BrDu labelling and colabelling with specific cell-type markers we found that iNO exposure of rat pups results in an increased NPC proliferation in several layers of the subventricular zone (SVZ) at both early (30 h) and late (P7) time points. These proliferating NPCs were found to be sustainably viable and subsequently differentiated into oligodendroglial cells in the developing white matter and cortex. We also found that NG2 immunoreactivity around vessel walls, labeling pericyte cells, was increased in NO-exposed rat pups in the periventricular SVZ. In conclusion, iNO appears to act on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, leading to increased density of mature oligodendrocytes and myelin content in the immature rat brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Phan Duy
- INSERM, UMR1141, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Garry PS, Ezra M, Rowland MJ, Westbrook J, Pattinson KTS. The role of the nitric oxide pathway in brain injury and its treatment--from bench to bedside. Exp Neurol 2014; 263:235-43. [PMID: 25447937 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signalling molecule in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. This review summarises current evidence regarding the role of NO in the regulation of cerebral blood flow at rest, under physiological conditions, and after brain injury, focusing on subarachnoid haemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and ischaemic stroke and following cardiac arrest. We also review the role of NO in the response to hypoxic insult in the developing brain. NO depletion in ischaemic brain tissue plays a pivotal role in the development of subsequent morbidity and mortality through microcirculatory disturbance and disordered blood flow regulation. NO derived from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) appears to have neuroprotective properties. However NO derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may have neurotoxic effects. Cerebral NO donor agents, for example sodium nitrite, appear to replicate the effects of eNOS derived NO, and therefore have neuroprotective properties. This is true in both the adult and immature brain. We conclude that these agents should be further investigated as targeted pharmacotherapy to protect against secondary brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Garry
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - M Ezra
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - M J Rowland
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - J Westbrook
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - K T S Pattinson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Garthwaite G, Hampden-Smith K, Wilson GW, Goodwin DA, Garthwaite J. Nitric oxide targets oligodendrocytes and promotes their morphological differentiation. Glia 2014; 63:383-99. [PMID: 25327839 PMCID: PMC4309495 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, nitric oxide (NO) transmits signals from one neurone to another, or from neurones to astrocytes or blood vessels, but the possibility of oligodendrocytes being physiological NO targets has been largely ignored. By exploiting immunocytochemistry for cGMP, the second messenger generated on activation of NO receptors, oligodendrocytes were found to respond to both exogenous and endogenous NO in cerebellar slices from rats aged 8 days to adulthood. Atrial natriuretic peptide, which acts on membrane-associated guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptors, also raised oligodendrocyte cGMP in cerebellar slices. The main endogenous source of NO accessing oligodendrocytes appeared to be the neuronal NO synthase isoform, which was active even under basal conditions and in a manner that was independent of glutamate receptors. Oligodendrocytes in brainstem slices were also shown to be potential NO targets. In contrast, in the optic nerve, oligodendrocyte cGMP was raised by natriuretic peptides but not NO. When cultures of cerebral cortex were continuously exposed to low NO concentrations (estimated as 40–90 pM), oligodendrocytes responded with a striking increase in arborization. This stimulation of oligodendrocyte growth could be replicated by low concentrations of 8-bromo-cGMP (maximum effect at 1 µM). It is concluded that oligodendrocytes are probably widespread targets for physiological NO (or natriuretic peptide) signals, with the resulting rise in cGMP serving to enhance their growth and maturation. NO might help coordinate the myelination of axons to the ongoing level of neuronal activity during development and could potentially contribute to adaptive changes in myelination in the adult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giti Garthwaite
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Back SA, Rosenberg PA. Pathophysiology of glia in perinatal white matter injury. Glia 2014; 62:1790-815. [PMID: 24687630 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Injury to the preterm brain has a particular predilection for cerebral white matter. White matter injury (WMI) is the most common cause of brain injury in preterm infants and a major cause of chronic neurological morbidity including cerebral palsy. Factors that predispose to WMI include cerebral oxygenation disturbances and maternal-fetal infection. During the acute phase of WMI, pronounced oxidative damage occurs that targets late oligodendrocyte progenitors (pre-OLs). The developmental predilection for WMI to occur during prematurity appears to be related to both the timing of appearance and regional distribution of susceptible pre-OLs that are vulnerable to a variety of chemical mediators including reactive oxygen species, glutamate, cytokines, and adenosine. During the chronic phase of WMI, the white matter displays abberant regeneration and repair responses. Early OL progenitors respond to WMI with a rapid robust proliferative response that results in a several fold regeneration of pre-OLs that fail to terminally differentiate along their normal developmental time course. Pre-OL maturation arrest appears to be related in part to inhibitory factors that derive from reactive astrocytes in chronic lesions. Recent high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data support that three distinct forms of chronic WMI exist, each of which displays unique MRI and histopathological features. These findings suggest the possibility that therapies directed at myelin regeneration and repair could be initiated early after WMI and monitored over time. These new mechanisms of acute and chronic WMI provide access to a variety of new strategies to prevent or promote repair of WMI in premature infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Back
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kadar H, Pham H, Touboul D, Brunelle A, Baud O. Impact of inhaled nitric oxide on the sulfatide profile of neonatal rat brain studied by TOF-SIMS imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5233-45. [PMID: 24670476 PMCID: PMC4013560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in neonatal intensive care leading to an increased survival rate in preterm infants, brain lesions and subsequent neurological handicaps following preterm birth remain a critical issue. To prevent brain injury and/or enhance repair, one of the most promising therapies investigated in preclinical models is inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). We have assessed the effect of this therapy on brain lipid content in air- and iNO-exposed rat pups by mass spectrometry imaging using a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) method. This technique was used to map the variations in lipid composition of the rat brain and, particularly, of the white matter. Triplicate analysis showed a significant increase of sulfatides (25%–50%) in the white matter on Day 10 of life in iNO-exposed animals from Day 0–7 of life. These robust, repeatable and semi-quantitative data demonstrate a potent effect of iNO at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Kadar
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91198, France.
| | - Hoa Pham
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1141, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris-cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, Paris 75019, France.
| | - David Touboul
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91198, France.
| | - Alain Brunelle
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91198, France.
| | - Olivier Baud
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1141, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris-cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, Paris 75019, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pham H, Vottier G, Pansiot J, Duong-Quy S, Bollen B, Dalous J, Gallego J, Mercier JC, Dinh-Xuan AT, Bonnin P, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Baud O. Inhaled NO prevents hyperoxia-induced white matter damage in neonatal rats. Exp Neurol 2013; 252:114-23. [PMID: 24322053 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
White matter damage (WMD) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are the two main complications occurring in very preterm infants. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has been proposed to promote alveolarization in the developing lung, and we have reported that iNO promotes myelination and induces neuroprotection in neonatal rats with excitotoxic brain damage. Our hypothesis is that, in addition to its pulmonary effects, iNO may be neuroprotective in rat pups exposed to hyperoxia. To test this hypothesis, we exposed rat pups to hyperoxia, and we assessed the impact of iNO on WMD and BPD. Rat pups were exposed to either hyperoxia (80% FiO2) or to normoxia for 8 days. Both groups received iNO (5 ppm) or air. We assessed the neurological and pulmonary effects of iNO in hyperoxia-injured rat pups using histological, molecular and behavioral approaches. iNO significantly attenuated the severity of hyperoxia-induced WMD induced in neonatal rats. Specifically, iNO decreased white matter inflammation, cell death, and enhanced the density of proliferating oligodendrocytes and oligodendroglial maturation. Furthermore, iNO triggered an early upregulation of P27kip1 and brain-derived growth factor (BDNF). Whereas hyperoxia disrupted early associative abilities, iNO treatment maintained learning scores to a level similar to that of control pups. In contrast to its marked neuroprotective effects, iNO induced only small and transient improvements of BPD. These findings suggest that iNO exposure at low doses is specifically neuroprotective in an animal model combining injuries of the developing lung and brain that mimicked BPD and WMD in preterm infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Pham
- INSERM, UMR 676, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, UFR de médecine Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; PremUP foundation, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Vottier
- INSERM, UMR 676, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, UFR de médecine Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; PremUP foundation, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Julien Pansiot
- INSERM, UMR 676, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, UFR de médecine Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; PremUP foundation, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sy Duong-Quy
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Service de Physiologie, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Bieke Bollen
- INSERM, UMR 676, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, UFR de médecine Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; PremUP foundation, 75014 Paris, France; University of Leuven, Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jérémie Dalous
- INSERM, UMR 676, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, UFR de médecine Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; PremUP foundation, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jorge Gallego
- INSERM, UMR 676, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, UFR de médecine Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; PremUP foundation, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Mercier
- Université Paris Diderot, UFR de médecine Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Pediatric emergency department, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Service de Physiologie, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- Université Paris Diderot, UFR de médecine Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR 965, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Christiane Charriaut-Marlangue
- INSERM, UMR 676, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, UFR de médecine Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; PremUP foundation, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Baud
- INSERM, UMR 676, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, UFR de médecine Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; PremUP foundation, 75014 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Neonatal intensive care unit, 75019 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Durrmeyer X, Hummler H, Sanchez-Luna M, Carnielli VP, Field D, Greenough A, Van Overmeire B, Jonsson B, Hallman M, Mercier JC, Marlow N, Johnson S, Baldassarre J. Two-year outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants. Pediatrics 2013; 132:e695-703. [PMID: 23940237 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The European Union Nitric Oxide trial was designed to assess the potential benefits of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) compared with placebo in infants with respiratory failure. This follow-up study evaluated respiratory, neurodevelopmental, and other outcomes for infants entered into the European Union Nitric Oxide trial to age 2 years. METHODS In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, preterm infants born at <29 weeks' gestation with moderate respiratory failure were allocated to receive iNO (5 ppm) or placebo for 7 to 21 days. Subjects underwent assessments at 1 and 2 years corrected for prematurity. RESULTS At 36 weeks' postmenstrual age, 696 of 792 infants were alive; 4 in the iNO arm subsequently died before age 2 years compared with 7 in the control arm. We evaluated 95% of the survivors at 12 months and 90% at 2 years. In the iNO arm, 244 of 363 (67.2%) infants had survived without disability at age 2 years compared with 270 of 374 (72.2%) who received placebo (P = .094). Mean (SD) cognitive composite scores (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition) were 94 (13) in the iNO group and 95 (14) in the placebo group; in the iNO group, 19% scored <85 and 9.5% developed cerebral palsy compared with 13.3% and 9%, respectively. There were no significant differences in hospitalizations overall or due to respiratory illness in use of home oxygen therapy or respiratory medications, in growth, or in other health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS At 2 years of age, low-dose (5 ppm) iNO started early (<24 hours after birth) for a median of 20 days did not affect neurodevelopmental or other health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Durrmeyer
- Department of Neonatology, CRC, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Charriaut-Marlangue C, Bonnin P, Pham H, Loron G, Leger PL, Gressens P, Renolleau S, Baud O. Nitric oxide signaling in the brain: A new target for inhaled nitric oxide? Ann Neurol 2013; 73:442-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.23842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hoa Pham
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U676; Paris; France
| | - Gauthier Loron
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U676; Paris; France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Charriaut-Marlangue C, Bonnin P, Gharib A, Leger PL, Villapol S, Pocard M, Gressens P, Renolleau S, Baud O. Inhaled Nitric Oxide Reduces Brain Damage by Collateral Recruitment in a Neonatal Stroke Model. Stroke 2012; 43:3078-84. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.664243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
We recently demonstrated that endogenous nitric oxide (NO) modulates collateral blood flow in a neonatal stroke model in rats. The inhalation of NO (iNO) has been found to be neuroprotective after ischemic brain damage in adults. Our objective was to examine whether iNO could modify cerebral blood flow during ischemia–reperfusion and reduce lesions in the developing brain.
Methods—
In vivo variations in cortical NO concentrations occurring after 20-ppm iNO exposure were analyzed using the voltammetric method in P7 rat pups. Inhaled NO-mediated blood flow velocities were measured by ultrasound imaging with sequential Doppler recordings in both internal carotid arteries and the basilar trunk under basal conditions and in a neonatal model of ischemia–reperfusion. The hemodynamic effects of iNO (5 to 80 ppm) were correlated with brain injury 48 hours after reperfusion.
Results—
Inhaled NO (20 ppm) significantly increased NO concentrations in the P7 rat cortex and compensated for the blockade of endogenous NO synthesis under normal conditions. Inhaled NO (20 ppm) during ischemia increased blood flow velocities and significantly reduced lesion volumes by 43% and cellular damage. In contrast, both 80 ppm iNO given during ischemia and 5 or 20 ppm iNO given 30 minutes after reperfusion were detrimental.
Conclusions—
Our findings strongly indicate that, with the appropriate timing, 20 ppm iNO can be transported into the P7 rat brain and mediated blood flow redistribution during ischemia leading to reduced infarct volume and cell injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Charriaut-Marlangue
- From the University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U676, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., S.V., P.G., O.B.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., P.G., O.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie clinique–Explorations-Fonctionnelles, Paris, France (P.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, U965, Paris, France (P.B., M.P.); Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CarMeN Lyon-1, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France (A.G.)
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- From the University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U676, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., S.V., P.G., O.B.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., P.G., O.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie clinique–Explorations-Fonctionnelles, Paris, France (P.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, U965, Paris, France (P.B., M.P.); Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CarMeN Lyon-1, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France (A.G.)
| | - Abdallah Gharib
- From the University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U676, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., S.V., P.G., O.B.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., P.G., O.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie clinique–Explorations-Fonctionnelles, Paris, France (P.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, U965, Paris, France (P.B., M.P.); Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CarMeN Lyon-1, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France (A.G.)
| | - Pierre-Louis Leger
- From the University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U676, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., S.V., P.G., O.B.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., P.G., O.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie clinique–Explorations-Fonctionnelles, Paris, France (P.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, U965, Paris, France (P.B., M.P.); Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CarMeN Lyon-1, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France (A.G.)
| | - Sonia Villapol
- From the University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U676, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., S.V., P.G., O.B.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., P.G., O.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie clinique–Explorations-Fonctionnelles, Paris, France (P.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, U965, Paris, France (P.B., M.P.); Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CarMeN Lyon-1, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France (A.G.)
| | - Marc Pocard
- From the University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U676, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., S.V., P.G., O.B.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., P.G., O.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie clinique–Explorations-Fonctionnelles, Paris, France (P.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, U965, Paris, France (P.B., M.P.); Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CarMeN Lyon-1, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France (A.G.)
| | - Pierre Gressens
- From the University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U676, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., S.V., P.G., O.B.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., P.G., O.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie clinique–Explorations-Fonctionnelles, Paris, France (P.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, U965, Paris, France (P.B., M.P.); Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CarMeN Lyon-1, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France (A.G.)
| | - Sylvain Renolleau
- From the University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U676, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., S.V., P.G., O.B.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., P.G., O.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie clinique–Explorations-Fonctionnelles, Paris, France (P.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, U965, Paris, France (P.B., M.P.); Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CarMeN Lyon-1, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France (A.G.)
| | - Olivier Baud
- From the University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U676, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., S.V., P.G., O.B.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., P.G., O.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie clinique–Explorations-Fonctionnelles, Paris, France (P.B.); University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, U965, Paris, France (P.B., M.P.); Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CarMeN Lyon-1, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France (A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Antenatal insults modify newborn olfactory function by nitric oxide produced from neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Exp Neurol 2012; 237:427-34. [PMID: 22836143 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Newborn feeding, maternal, bonding, growth and wellbeing depend upon intact odor recognition in the early postnatal period. Antenatal stress may affect postnatal odor recognition. We investigated the exact role of a neurotransmitter, nitric oxide (NO), in newborn olfactory function. We hypothesized that olfactory neuron activity depended on NO generated by neuronal NO synthase (NOS). Utilizing in vivo functional manganese enhanced MRI (MEMRI) in a rabbit model of cerebral palsy we had shown previously that in utero hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) at E22 (70% gestation) resulted in impaired postnatal response to odorants and poor feeding. With the same antenatal insult, we manipulated NO levels in the olfactory neuron in postnatal day 1 (P1) kits by administration of intranasal NO donors or a highly selective nNOS inhibitor. Olfactory function was quantitatively measured by the response to amyl acetate stimulation by MEMRI. The relevance of nNOS to normal olfactory development was confirmed by the increase of nNOS gene expression from fetal ages to P1 in olfactory epithelium and bulbs. In control kits, nNOS inhibition decreased NO production in the olfactory system and increased MEMRI slope enhancement. In H-I kits the MEMRI slope did not increase, implicating modification of endogenous NO-mediated olfactory function by the antenatal insult. NO donors as a source of exogenous NO did not significantly change function in either group. In conclusion, olfactory epithelium nNOS in newborn rabbits probably modulates olfactory signal transduction. Antenatal H-I injury remote from delivery may affect early functional development of the olfactory system by decreasing NO-dependent signal transduction.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Premature birth often is associated with neurodevelopmental disabilities. In this issue of Science Translational Medicine, a pair of papers investigate--in patients and in a reliable animal model--the effects of glucocorticoids on cerebellar development after premature birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Baud
- Inserm, U676, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris 75019, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kuzmanić Samija R, Primorac D, Resić B, Lozić B, Krzelj V, Tomasović M, Stoini E, Samanović L, Benzon B, Pehlić M, Boraska V, Zemunik T. Association of NOS3 tag polymorphisms with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Croat Med J 2012; 52:396-402. [PMID: 21674837 PMCID: PMC3118712 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2011.52.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To test the association of NOS3 gene with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods The study included 110 unrelated term or preterm born children (69 boys and 41 girls) with HIE and 128 term and preterm born children (60 boys and 68 girls) without any neurological problems after the second year of life. Children with perinatal HIE fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for perinatal asphyxia. All children were admitted to the Clinical Hospital Split between 1992 and 2008. We analyzed 6 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within NOS3 gene (rs3918186, rs3918188, rs1800783, rs1808593, rs3918227, rs1799983), in addition to previously confirmed NOS3-associated SNP rs1800779. Genotyping was conducted using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Association analyses were performed according to allelic and genotypic distribution. Results Allelic test did not show any SNP association with HIE. SNP rs1808593 showed genotype association (P = 0.008) and rs1800783-rs1800779 TG haplotype showed an association with HIE (P < 0.001). The study had 80% statistical power to detect (α = 0.05) an effect with odds ratio (OR) = 2.07 for rs3918186, OR = 1.69 for rs3918188, OR = 1.70 for rs1800783, OR = 1.80 for rs1808593, OR = 2.10 for rs3918227, OR = 1.68 for rs1800779, and OR = 1.76 for rs1799983, assuming an additive model. Conclusion Despite the limited number of HIE patients, we observed genotypic and haplotype associations of NOS3 polymorphisms with HIE.
Collapse
|
31
|
El Ghazi F, Desfeux A, Brasse-Lagnel C, Roux C, Lesueur C, Mazur D, Remy-Jouet I, Richard V, Jégou S, Laudenbach V, Marret S, Bekri S, Prevot V, Gonzalez BJ. NO-dependent protective effect of VEGF against excitotoxicity on layer VI of the developing cerebral cortex. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 45:871-86. [PMID: 22209711 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In industrialized countries, cerebral palsy affects 2.5‰ of preterm and term infants. At a neurochemical level, the massive release of glutamate constitutes a major process leading to excitotoxicity and neonatal brain lesions. Previous studies, conducted in the laboratory, revealed that, in (δ/δ)VEGF(A) transgenic mice, glutamate-induced brain lesions are exacerbated suggesting that VEGF(A) could play a protective action against excitotoxicity. Using a model of cultured cortical brain slices, the aim of the study was to characterize the central effects of VEGF against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in neonates. Exposure of brain slices to glutamate induced a strong increase of necrotic cell death in the deep cortical layer VI and a decrease of apoptotic death in superficial layers II-IV. When administered alone, a 6-h treatment with VEGF(A) had no effect on both apoptotic and necrotic deaths. In contrast, VEGF(A) abolished the glutamate-induced necrosis observed in layer VI. While MEK and PI3-K inhibitors had no effect on the protective action of VEGF(A), L-NAME, a pan inhibitor of NOS, abrogated the effect of VEGF(A) and exacerbated the excitotoxic action of glutamate. Calcimetry experiments performed on brain slices revealed that VEGF(A) reduced the massive calcium influx induced by glutamate in layer VI and this effect was blocked by L-NAME. Neuroprotective effect of VEGF(A) was also blocked by LNIO and NPLA, two inhibitors of constitutive NOS, while AGH, an iNOS inhibitor, had no effect. Nitrite measurements, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and immunohistochemistry indicated that glutamate was a potent inducer of NO production via activation of nNOS in the cortical layer VI. In vivo administration of nNOS siRNA promoted excitotoxicity and mimicked the effects of L-NAME, LNIO and NPLA. A short-term glutamate treatment increased nNOS Ser1412 phosphorylation, while a long-term exposure inhibited nNOS/NR2B protein-protein interactions. Altogether, these findings indicate that, in deep cortical layers of mice neonates, glutamate stimulates nNOS activity. Contrasting with mature brain, NO production induced by high concentrations of glutamate is neuroprotective and is required for the anti-necrotic effect of VEGF(A).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiza El Ghazi
- EA NeoVasc 4309, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Rouen Institute for Biomedical Research, European Institute for Peptide Research (IFR 23), University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hawkes M, Opoka RO, Namasopo S, Miller C, Conroy AL, Serghides L, Kim H, Thampi N, Liles WC, John CC, Kain KC. Nitric oxide for the adjunctive treatment of severe malaria: hypothesis and rationale. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:437-44. [PMID: 21745716 PMCID: PMC3162048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that supplemental inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) will improve outcomes in children with severe malaria receiving standard antimalarial therapy. The rationale for the hypothesized efficacy of iNO rests on: (1) biological plausibility, based on known actions of NO in modulating endothelial activation; (2) pre-clinical efficacy data from animal models of experimental cerebral malaria; and (3) a human trial of the NO precursor l-arginine, which improved endothelial function in adults with severe malaria. iNO is an attractive new candidate for the adjunctive treatment of severe malaria, given its proven therapeutic efficacy in animal studies, track record of safety in clinical practice and numerous clinical trials, inexpensive manufacturing costs, and ease of administration in settings with limited healthcare infrastructure. We plan to test this hypothesis in a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01255215).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hawkes
- Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|