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Hachtel H, Deuring G, Graf M, Vogel T. Impact of psychosocial stress on facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia and controls: an experimental study in a forensic sample. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1358291. [PMID: 39081531 PMCID: PMC11287427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1358291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psychotic disorders have been associated with dysregulated stress reactions and adaptation. Little is known about the neuroendocrine responses to psychosocial stress in justice-involved individuals with schizophrenia. Methods Using an experimental research design, the present study aims to examine differences in the subjective and neuroendocrine responses to psychosocial stress and its impact on facial emotion recognition (FER) and performance on an arithmetic task in chronically ill justice-involved individuals with schizophrenia (PAT) and a healthy control group. PAT undergoing treatment in forensic psychiatric inpatient wards (n = 17) and a healthy control group (n = 17) were assessed regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Additionally, salivary cortisol levels, measured before and after performing a psychosocial stress task [Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST)], and performance on an arithmetic problem-solving task and two FER tasks were recorded. Two participants dropped out, one from each group. Therefore, the final sample consisted of 32 individuals. Results Significant group differences in FER were recorded. There was a significant rise in subjective perception of momentary strain relating to the induction of psychosocial stress in both groups. Notably, the pre-stress level of subjective strain was higher in the PAT group than controls. Acute psychosocial stress induced an increase in FER performance in a sub-task related to naming emotions in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Discussion The results underline the importance of psychosocial and therapeutic interventions aimed at strengthening stress resilience in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hachtel
- Forensic Department, University Psychiatric Clinic Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Deuring
- Forensic Department, University Psychiatric Clinic Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Graf
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Russell MT, Hajdúk M, Springfield CR, Klein HS, Bass EL, Mittal VA, Williams TF, O’Toole AJ, Pinkham AE. Identity recognition from faces and bodies in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 36:100307. [PMID: 38486791 PMCID: PMC10937230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Deficits in facial identity recognition and its association with poor social functioning are well documented in schizophrenia, but none of these studies have assessed the role of the body in these processes. Recent research in healthy populations shows that the body is also an important source of information in identity recognition, and the current study aimed to thoroughly examine identity recognition from both faces and bodies in schizophrenia. Sixty-five individuals with schizophrenia and forty-nine healthy controls completed three conditions of an identity matching task in which they attempted to match unidentified persons in unedited photos of faces and bodies, edited photos showing faces only, or edited photos showing bodies only. Results revealed global deficits in identity recognition in individuals with schizophrenia (ηp2 = 0.068), but both groups showed better recognition from bodies alone as compared to faces alone (ηp2 = 0.573), suggesting that the ability to extract useful information from bodies when identifying persons may remain partially preserved in schizophrenia. Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between face/body processing, identity recognition, and functional outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madisen T. Russell
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michal Hajdúk
- Department of Psychology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Gondova 2, 811 02 Bratislava 1, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- The Center for Psychiatric Disorders Research, Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 8, 841 04 Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
| | - Cassi R. Springfield
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Hans S. Klein
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Emily L. Bass
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd., 102 Swift Hall, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Trevor F. Williams
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd., 102 Swift Hall, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Alice J. O’Toole
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Amy E. Pinkham
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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Mandal MK, Habel U, Gur RC. Facial expression-based indicators of schizophrenia: Evidence from recent research. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:335-344. [PMID: 36709656 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Impaired ability to recognize emotion in other's face (decoding) or to express emotion through the face (encoding) are considered critical in schizophrenia. The topic of research draws considerable attention since clinicians rely heavily on the patient's facial expressions for diagnosis and on the patient's ability to understand the clinician's communicative intent. While most researchers argue in favor of a generalized emotion deficit, others indicate an emotion-specific deficit in schizophrenia. An early review (Mandal et al., 1998) indicated a possible breakdown in perception-expression-experience link of emotion; later reviews (Kohler et al., 2010; Chan et al., 2010) pointed to a generalized emotion processing deficit due to perceptual deficits in schizophrenia. The present review (2010-2022) revisits this controversy with 47 published studies (37 decoding, 10 encoding) conducted on 2364 patients in 20 countries. Schizophrenia is characterized by reduced emotion processing ability, especially with negative symptoms and at an acute state of illness. It is however still unclear whether this dysfunction is independent of a generalized face perception deficit or of subjective experience of emotion in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas K Mandal
- Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur, India.
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Deng Y, Han S, Cheng D, Li H, Zhang B, Kong Y, Lin Y, Li Y, Wen G, Liu K. Simultaneously decreased temporal variability and enhanced variability-strength coupling of emotional network connectivities are related to positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:76-84. [PMID: 32803661 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that decreased temporal variability of emotional network connectivities, corresponding to a continual state of hyperactivity, may play a role in mediating symptoms in schizophrenia. Resting-state magnetic resonance data were collected from 64 subjects, including 21 positive symptom profile schizophrenia patients (PSZ group), 19 negative symptom profile schizophrenia patients (NSZ group), and 24 healthy controls. The emotional brain network was defined based on the coordinates obtained from multi-level kernel density analysis. The temporal variability of intra-network functional connectivities (FCs) was calculated by constructing networks from blood oxygen level-dependent signals at successive, non-overlapping time windows, and was compared between groups. The results showed that the mean FC-variability of the whole emotional network (P = 0.021), and the FC-variabilities in the bilateral anterior insula (both, P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the PSZ group compared with the control and NSZ groups. Abnormally enhanced negative coupling between variability and FC strength (V-S coupling) was observed in the PSZ group (P = 0.027). In summary, this study found a relation between the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and decreased variability of emotional network connectivities. These findings may help us better understand the neurobiological effect of the time-varying properties of the brain network in schizophrenia patients, and the underlying relation to the generation of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjia Deng
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Shuguang Han
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youyong Kong
- Lab of Image Science and Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjia Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Wen
- Medical Imaging Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China.
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China.
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Varga E, Herold R, Tényi T, Endre S, Fekete J, Bugya T. Social Cognition Analyzer Application-A New Method for the Analysis of Social Cognition in Patients Diagnosed With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:912. [PMID: 31920759 PMCID: PMC6934064 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Because of the importance of the assessment of social cognitive impairments in schizophrenia in clinical settings, a new computer application called SCAN (Social Cognition Analyzer applicatioN) was developed. Our first aim was to examine if patients diagnosed with schizophrenia could be differentiated from healthy individuals based on the results of SCAN, taking into consideration both response rates and response times. Our second aim was to create Scanalizer, as part of SCAN, to produce social cognitive profiles of individual patients. Materials and Methods: 86 patients (SG) and 101 healthy participants (CG) were examined with SCAN. The domains were: ToM, irony, metaphor, emotion perception from prosody and social perception. SCAN displayed the tasks, recorded the answers and the response times. For the differentiation of the two groups a two-dimensional scatter plot was used. For the graphical presentation of the social cognitive profile of patients, the calculation of the distributions of CG's results was made with Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness-of-fit Test and with the sum of squared residuals (SSR). Results: We found that the SG's response rates were significantly lower and the SG's response times were significantly slower compared to the CG in every condition. With the two-dimensional comparison of the summary response rates and the summary response times of the participants, the SG could be differentiated from the CG and this differentiation worked irrespective of age and education. For the graphical representation of social cognitive functions of patients, distributions of the results of the CG were calculated. We found normal distributions in the response times of all conditions and in the response rates of the ToM condition. In the low-end tail of the irony condition, and in the metaphor, social perception and emotional prosody conditions, power-law distributions were found. We also found that the summary response rates of the lowest performing 10% of the CG was in the same range as the summary response rates of all examined patients. Discussion: Scanalizer enables clinicians to measure and analyse social cognitive profiles of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Moreover, SCAN could also be used to detect social cognitive disabilities of vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Varga
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Herold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tényi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Endre
- Department of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Fekete
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Titusz Bugya
- Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- CityScience Lab, Hafencity University, Hamburg, Germany
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Shah D, Knott V, Baddeley A, Bowers H, Wright N, Labelle A, Smith D, Collin C. Impairments of emotional face processing in schizophrenia patients: Evidence from P100, N170 and P300 ERP components in a sample of auditory hallucinators. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 134:120-134. [PMID: 30291891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia show impaired face and emotional expression processing that may be due to early perceptual deficits or late impairments in higher-order emotional facial recognition. This study examined event-related potentials (ERPs) in 23 patients with schizophrenia who experience auditory hallucinations and 19 healthy controls. EEG activity was recorded from 32 scalp sites positioned according to the 10-10 placement system. Linked left and right electrodes at the mastoids served as the reference. The P100, N170 and P300 were measured during an emotional facial identification task, which included neutral, joyful, sad, angry and fearful facial expressions and non-face stimuli (chairs). P100 was measured at O1/2 and P7/8. N170 was measured at P7/8. P300 was measured at Pz. Patients with schizophrenia were slower at identifying all facial expressions, including neutral ones. They also showed less positive P100 amplitude to sad, angry and fearful facial expressions. N170 amplitudes were smaller in patients in response to neutral, joyful, sad, angry, and fearful facial expression. Patients showed less positive P300 mean amplitudes to all facial expressions, including neutral ones. Within-group comparisons showed that patients exhibited a different pattern of ERP modulation across facial expressions than controls for P100 and N170, but not for P300. Our findings are compatible with the idea that behavioural and electrophysiological face-processing deficits in schizophrenia arise from early-stage deficits in visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrasti Shah
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Verner Knott
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Baddeley
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hayley Bowers
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicola Wright
- The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allen Labelle
- The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Collin
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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van Rijn S, de Sonneville L, Swaab H. The nature of social cognitive deficits in children and adults with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY). GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 17:e12465. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. van Rijn
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies; Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - L. de Sonneville
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies; Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - H. Swaab
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies; Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition; Leiden The Netherlands
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Engelstad KN, Sundet KS, Andreassen OA, Vaskinn A. Body language reading of emotion in schizophrenia: Associations with symptoms and functional outcome. Scand J Psychol 2017; 58:359-366. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Nymo Engelstad
- Research Department; Vestre Viken Hospital Trust; Drammen Norway
- NORMENT K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction; Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Kjetil S. Sundet
- NORMENT K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction; Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Psychology; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction; Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- NORMENT K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction; Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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Ekstrom T, Maher S, Chen Y. Psychophysical study of face identity discrimination in schizophrenia: association with facial morphology. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2016; 21:525-538. [PMID: 27736366 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2016.1240073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying individual identities from faces is crucial for social functioning. In schizophrenia, previous studies showed mixed results as to whether face identity discrimination is compromised. How a social category factor (such as gender and race) affects schizophrenia patients' facial identity discrimination is unclear. METHODS Using psychophysics, we examined perceptual performance on within- and between- category face identity discrimination tasks in patients (n = 51) and controls (n = 31). Face images from each of six pairs of individuals (two White females, two White males, two Black males, two Asian females, one Black male and one White male, and one White female and one White male) were morphed to create additional images along a continuum of dissimilarity in facial morphology. RESULTS Patients underperformed for five out of the six face pairs (the Black/White male pair was the exception). Perceptual performance was correlated with morphological changes in face images being discriminated, to a greater extent in patients than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Face identity discrimination in schizophrenia was most impaired for those faces that presumably have extensive social exposures (such as White males). Patients' perceptual performance appears to depend more on physical feature changes of faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Ekstrom
- a Visual Psychophysiology Laboratory , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA
| | - Stephen Maher
- a Visual Psychophysiology Laboratory , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Yue Chen
- a Visual Psychophysiology Laboratory , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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Rinaldi R, Lefebvre L. Goal-directed behaviors in patients with schizophrenia: Concept relevance and updated model. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:394-404. [PMID: 27177973 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Goal-directed behaviors are formulated to pursue a given objective by constructing a plan and selecting actions that lead to the intended goal, either immediately or over an extended period. This concept is important to the study of human behavior because of its involvement in the majority of complex or novel situations that an individual may encounter, regardless of the cognitive, affective, or social abilities required. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate the relevance of goal-directed behaviors to our understanding of the cognitive deficits and other symptoms associated with schizophrenia. A systematic analysis of this relation may allow us to develop integrative hypotheses regarding positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia rather than consider them to be distinct issues. In this article, we review previous studies of goal-directed actions in patients with schizophrenia in order to clarify the relevant concepts and provide a theoretical basis for the integration of existing results. Based on available theoretical models and data, we propose an updated model to facilitate further investigation of schizophrenia-related impairments in goal-directed behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Rinaldi
- Department of Cognitive Sciences and Neuropsychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Laurent Lefebvre
- Department of Cognitive Sciences and Neuropsychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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CACNA1C risk variant affects facial emotion recognition in healthy individuals. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17349. [PMID: 26611642 PMCID: PMC4661469 DOI: 10.1038/srep17349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition and correct interpretation of facial emotion is essential for social interaction and communication. Previous studies have shown that impairments in this cognitive domain are common features of several psychiatric disorders. Recent association studies identified CACNA1C as one of the most promising genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders and previous evidence suggests that the most replicated risk variant in CACNA1C (rs1006737) is affecting emotion recognition and processing. However, studies investigating the influence of rs1006737 on this intermediate phenotype in healthy subjects at the behavioral level are largely missing to date. Here, we applied the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test, a facial emotion recognition paradigm in a cohort of 92 healthy individuals to address this question. Whereas accuracy was not affected by genotype, CACNA1C rs1006737 risk-allele carries (AA/AG) showed significantly slower mean response times compared to individuals homozygous for the G-allele, indicating that healthy risk-allele carriers require more information to correctly identify a facial emotion. Our study is the first to provide evidence for an impairing behavioral effect of the CACNA1C risk variant rs1006737 on facial emotion recognition in healthy individuals and adds to the growing number of studies pointing towards CACNA1C as affecting intermediate phenotypes of psychiatric disorders.
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Impairments in Negative Facial Emotion Recognition in Chinese Schizophrenia Patients Detected With a Newly Designed Task. J Nerv Ment Dis 2015; 203:718-24. [PMID: 26252822 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Facial emotion recognition has been found to be impaired in schizophrenia, although overall results have been inconclusive. A new set of facial emotion stimuli with Chinese faces was developed, using static and dynamic avatars, the identification of which were subsequently validated in 562 healthy control subjects. This test was then used to identify facial emotion recognition accuracy in 44 patients with schizophrenia and 41 healthy controls. Overall, patients identified facial emotions significantly worse than healthy controls (p = 0.018) with a significant main effect for type of emotion (p = 0.016). Patients performed significantly worse in fear (p = 0.029) and sadness (p = 0.037), and marginally worse in anger (p = 0.052). No significant differences were evident in contempt (p = 0.254) or happiness (p = 0.943). Regarding error rates of misattribution, patients overidentified contempt (p = 0.035) and sadness (p = 0.01), but not anger, fear, or happiness. Conclusion, patients of Chinese ethnicity with schizophrenia may have significantly greater difficulties identifying negative, but not positive emotions.
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