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Wen L, Yang K, Cao Y, Qu M, Xiu M. Parental marital status and anxiety symptoms in adolescents: the mediating effect of childhood maltreatment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01717-4. [PMID: 38060034 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies have established the association between parental marital status and mental health problems in adolescents, however, the adverse effects of incomplete family settings and childhood maltreatment on adolescent anxiety symptoms have not been fully investigated. Moreover, whether childhood maltreatment can mediate the relationship between parental marital status and anxiety symptoms remains unclear. A population-based cross-sectional study was performed among 35,573 adolescents in elementary schools across 17 provinces in China. And childhood maltreatment, resilience, and anxiety symptoms were assessed among adolescents, respectively. The parental marital status was self-reported as having two married biological parents, divorced parents, stepparents, and single-parent. We found that the rates of anxiety symptoms among adolescents were 35.1% in intact families, 48.8% in divorced families, 49% in stepparent families, and 48% in single-parent families. Divorced parents (aOR = 1.191, 95% CI [1.060-1.337]) was an independent risk factor for adolescents' anxiety symptom while having stepparents and single-parent were not. In addition, emotional abuse (aOR = 1.300, 95% CI [1.285-1.316]), sexual abuse (aOR = 1.088, 95% CI [1.063-1.114]), and physical neglect (aOR = 1.019, 95% CI [1.007-1.031]) were all independent risk factors for anxiety symptoms in adolescents, while physical abuse and emotional neglect were not. The negative impacts of divorced and remarried parents on adolescent anxiety symptoms were mediated by childhood maltreatment partially (64.9% and 72.2%), while childhood maltreatment completely mediated the adverse impacts of single-parent on adolescent anxiety symptoms. Childhood maltreatment intervention strategies could be necessary for anxiety symptoms of adolescents in divorced/stepparent/single-parent families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wen
- Neurology Department, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Evidence-Based Department, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Cao
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Qu
- Neurology Department, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Changping District, Beijing, 100096, China.
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Ma C, Ma Y, Wang Y. Parental Autonomy Support and Mental Health among Chinese Adolescents and Emerging Adults: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14029. [PMID: 36360911 PMCID: PMC9653793 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Guided by the dual-factor model and self-determination theory, this study explored the relationship between parental autonomy support and mental health (i.e., life satisfaction and emotional problems) in adolescents and emerging adults, with a focus on the mediating role of self-esteem. We conducted two studies among independent samples in China, including 1617 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years (Mage =12.79, SD = 1.63; 50.7% girls; Study 1) and 1274 emerging adults aged 17 to 26 years (Mage = 20.31, SD = 1.63; 56.6% women; Study 2). All participants completed a set of self-reported questionnaires. The results of both studies validated our hypothesis; specifically, parental autonomy support was positively associated with life satisfaction, but negatively associated with emotional problems (emotional symptoms in Study 1 and depressive symptoms in Study 2). Meanwhile, self-esteem partially mediated the positive relationship between parental autonomy support and life satisfaction (R2 = 0.33 in Study 1; R2 = 0.38 in Study 2), and partially mediated the negative relationship between parental autonomy support and emotional problems (R2 = 0.16 in Study 1; R2 = 0.42 in Study 2). In summary, this suggests that the common antecedents of positive and negative indicators of mental health addressed in this study are prevalent in adolescents and emerging adults. These findings have important implications for preventive and interventional efforts aimed at mental health problems in both demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ma
- College of Educational Science and Technology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yongfeng Ma
- College of Educational Science and Technology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Youpeng Wang
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, Lanzhou 730060, China
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Obeid S, Al Karaki G, Haddad C, Sacre H, Soufia M, Hallit R, Salameh P, Hallit S. Association between parental divorce and mental health outcomes among Lebanese adolescents: results of a national study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:455. [PMID: 34657599 PMCID: PMC8522189 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Lebanon, divorce rates have jumped from nearly 7000 in recent years to 8580 in 2017, an increase of 22.5%, with North Lebanon recording the highest number, followed by Beirut, likely resulting in increased behavioral problems in the offspring of divorced parents. Furthermore, one out of two Lebanese adolescents whose biological parents were divorced, separated, or deceased has a psychiatric disorder. More information regarding the impact of divorce on the mental health of Lebanese adolescents is still missing. The objective of this study was to explore the association between divorce and mental health outcomes, particularly depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among Lebanese adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted between January and May 2019 enrolled 1810 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years, using a simple randomization method to choose schools. A proportionate number of schools was selected from each of the five Lebanese Mohafazat (Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North, South, and Beqaa), based on the list of the Ministry of Education and Higher Education. A total of 18 private schools were approached; two declined, and 16 accepted to participate. Results The mean age of participants was 15.42 ± 1.14 years, with 53.3% females. After adjustment for the covariates (age, sex, and house crowding index), the results showed that adolescents whose parents are separated compared to living together had more social fear (Standardized Beta (SB = 0.270) and avoidance (SB = 0.188), higher depression (SB = 0.045), and higher suicidal ideation (SB = 0.370). Conclusion Our findings reveal that teens with divorced parents had higher social fear and avoidance, depression, and suicidal ideation, highlighting the need for adequate prevention programs to support both children and parents during this emotionally difficult period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Obeid
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. .,INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology, and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Gloria Al Karaki
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Université de Limoges, UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology, and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michel Soufia
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology, and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon.,University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
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Exploring psychosocial adjustment profiles in Chinese adolescents from divorced families: The interplay of parental attachment and adolescent’s gender. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kim H, Ryu JM, Kim HW. Characteristics and Trends of Suicide Attempt or Non-suicidal Self-injury in Children and Adolescents Visiting Emergency Department. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e276. [PMID: 32830466 PMCID: PMC7445307 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality are common reasons for child and adolescent psychiatric emergencies. We aimed to investigate the incidence of pediatric emergency department (PED) utilization for psychiatric problems in children and adolescents and to identify demographic and clinical characteristics of youths who visited the PED for suicide attempt (SA) and/or NSSI. METHODS The medical records of children and adolescents who visited the PED for psychiatric problems from January 2015 to November 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical variables including psychiatric disorders were collected. We compared the characteristics of youths who presented to the PED for SA and/or NSSI with those of youths without SA or NSSI. Student's t-test, χ² test, and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS During 59 months of observation, 194 youths visited the PED and the number of total PED visits was 336. Among them, 46 youths (23.7%) visited the PED for SA and/or NSSI at least once, and the number of visits was 91 (27.1% of PED visits). Youths with SA and/or NSSI were older (P = 0.001) and more likely to be a girl (P = 0.005) and to report parental absence (P = 0.023). Bipolar and related disorders (P = 0.032) and depressive disorders (P = 0.004) were more common in youths with SA and/or NSSI, while schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (P = 0.030) and somatic symptom and related disorders (P = 0.007) were more common in those without SA and NSSI. After adjusting for age, sex, and parental marital status, bipolar and related disorders (odds ratio [OR], 6.72), depressive disorders (OR, 9.59), and somatic symptom and related disorders (OR, 0.12) were significantly associated with SA and/or NSSI. Youths with SA and/or NSSI also stayed longer in the PED (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION SA and NSSI are one of the main reasons for child and adolescent admittance to psychiatric services in the PED and are associated with psychiatric comorbidities. An appropriate risk assessment for suicidality and self-injury and proper management and referral to mental health services at the PED are of the utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kwak M, Ahn S. Childhood adversity predicted suicidal ideation in older age: Results from a National Survey in Korea. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1141-1148. [PMID: 31129992 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1616161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Suicide is a major mental health concern in South Korea, where a rapid increase in suicide rates among older adults is evident. This study aims to understand the association of childhood adversity with suicidal ideation in later life, and whether gender differences in the effects of childhood adversity exist.Method: The sample consisted of older adults aged 60 years and more in six waves of the Korea Welfare Panel Study from 2012 to 2017 (N = 4,105). A mixed effect logistic regression with random intercept was used to test the effects of childhood adversity on the risk of 12-month suicidal ideation.Results: After controlling for socioeconomic status, psychosocial resources, and health conditions, the mixed effect models using longitudinal data indicated that parental death predicted an increased risk of suicidal ideation and that a greater number of childhood adversities predicted a higher likelihood of suicidal ideation. No gender differences were found in the effects of childhood adversity on suicidal thoughts.Conclusion: These findings support a life course perspective, highlighting the importance of assessing early life disadvantages to understand suicidal ideation among older adults. The findings suggest that interventions targeting older adults who experienced parental death in childhood or multiple adversities may be effective in preventing suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Kwak
- Department of Social Welfare, Daegu University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seoyeon Ahn
- Pension Research Division, National Pension Research Institute, Jeonju, South Korea
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Auersperg F, Vlasak T, Ponocny I, Barth A. Long-term effects of parental divorce on mental health - A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 119:107-115. [PMID: 31622869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the long-term effects of parental divorce on their offspring's mental health as well as substance-based addiction. We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, Medline, PsyINFO, PsyARTICLES and PsycNET for the time period from 1990 until March 2018 in English language. In total 54 studies were included in the meta-analysis resulting in 117 effect sizes as well as a total sample of 506,299 participants. A significant association between parental divorce and every aspect of mental health was found with the following pooled ORs (95% CIs): Depression 1.29 (1.23-1.35), anxiety 1.12 (1.04-1.12), suicide attempt 1.35 (1.26-1.44), suicidal ideation 1.48 (1.43-1.54), distress 1.48 (1.37-1.6), alcohol 1.43 (1.34-1.53), smoking 1.64 (1.57-1.72) and drugs 1.45 (1.44-1.46) could be estimated. There was significant association between the effect sizes and the publication date specifically for distress (r = -0.995, p = .005). The results of the meta-analysis show a consistent direction of influence regarding the long-term effect of parental divorce on their children. Individuals affected by parental divorce have a higher risk of developing a variety of mental health conditions, although the effect sizes decreased from 1990 to 2017. Further research should focus on developing programmes to promote the resilience of children affected by divorce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Auersperg
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, 1020, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Vlasak
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Linz, 4020, Linz, Austria.
| | - Ivo Ponocny
- Department for Sustainability, Governance, and Methods, MODUL University Vienna, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alfred Barth
- Head of the Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Linz, 4020, Linz, Austria.
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Zineldin M. TCS is to Blame: The Impact of Divorce on Physical and Mental Health. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:141. [PMID: 31516682 PMCID: PMC6710920 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_472_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Divorce rate reaches up to 50–70%. Indisputably divorce recently became one of the most epidemic factors negatively influencing humans' health whereas its impact on the involved couples and their children is serious and sometimes fatal. The article presents the results of a research study to analyze the most critical grounds for divorce leading to negative health-related consequences. Method: This research adopts a cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach based on the data from 195 surveyed respondents. A structured questionnaire covering multiple constructs was used to collect and analyze the data. Results: This study found that the most critical causes of the marriage failure are the lack of trust, commitment and communication, sensuality and sexuality (TCS) as they lead to declining of the marginal utility (DMU). These factors not only lead to divorce, but also increase the probability of facing different diseases such as depression, aggression, increasing levels of neuroendocrine, epinephrine and norepinephrine as well as conflict ACTH levels. The regression model shows that communication (C) was the most significant outcome in relation to the MU = 0.45 and P < 0.0) followed by trust and commitment (TC) (β = 0.34 and P < 0.0) and then by S (β = 0.23 and P < 0.0). Conclusions: The marginal utility (MU) is directly and positively affected by TCS. The study suggests that lack of MU, lack of intimacy, sensual, and sexual components can lead to frustration, annoyance, anxiety and relationship failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosad Zineldin
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-351 95, Växjö, Sweden
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Bozorgmehr A, Alizadeh F, Ofogh SN, Hamzekalayi MRA, Herati S, Moradkhani A, Shahbazi A, Ghadirivasfi M. What do the genetic association data say about the high risk of suicide in people with depression? A novel network-based approach to find common molecular basis for depression and suicidal behavior and related therapeutic targets. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:463-468. [PMID: 29331709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available sources indicate that the risk of suicide in people with major depression is higher than other psychiatric disorders. Although it seems that these two conditions may have a shared cause in some cases, no studies have been conducted to identify a common basis for them. METHODS In this study, following an extensive review of literature, we found almost all the genes that are involved in major depression and suicidal behavior, and we isolated genes shared between the two conditions. Then, we found all physical or functional interactions within three mentioned gene sets and reconstructed three genetic interactive networks. All networks were analyzed topologically and enriched functionally. Finally, using a drug repurposing approach, we found the main available drugs that interacted with the most central genes shared between suicidal behavior and depression. RESULTS The results demonstrated that BDNF, SLC6A4, CREB1, and TNF are the most fundamental shared genes; and generally, disordered dopaminergic, serotonergic, and immunologic pathways in neuronal projections are the main shared deficient pathways. In addition, we found two genes, SLC6A4 and SLC6A2, to be the main therapeutic targets, and Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI) and Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) to be the most effective drugs for individuals with depression at risk for suicide. CONCLUSIONS Our results, in addition to shedding light on the integrated molecular basis of depression-suicide, offer new therapeutic targets for individuals with depression at high risk for suicide and could pave the way for future preclinical and clinical studies. However, integrative systems biology-based studies highly depend on existing data and related databases, as well as the arrival of new experimental data sources in the future, possibly affecting the current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bozorgmehr
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Norouzi Ofogh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Herati
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Atefeh Moradkhani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | - Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghadirivasfi
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behavior (ReCARB), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Astrup A, Pedersen CB, Mok PL, Carr MJ, Webb RT. Self-harm risk between adolescence and midlife in people who experienced separation from one or both parents during childhood. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:582-589. [PMID: 27802894 PMCID: PMC5754328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experience of child-parent separation predicts adverse outcomes in later life. We conducted a detailed epidemiological examination of this complex relationship by modelling an array of separation scenarios and trajectories and subsequent risk of self-harm. METHODS This cohort study examined persons born in Denmark during 1971-1997. We measured child-parent separations each year from birth to 15th birthday via complete residential address records in the Civil Registration System. Self-harm episodes between 15th birthday and early middle age were ascertained through linkage to psychiatric and general hospital registers. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) from Poisson regression models were estimated against a reference category of individuals not separated from their parents. RESULTS All exposure models examined indicated an association with raised self-harm risk. For example, large elevations in risk were observed in relation to separation from both parents at 15th birthday (IRR 5.50, 95% CI 5.25-5.77), experiencing five or more changes in child-parent separation status (IRR 5.24, CI 4.88-5.63), and having a shorter duration of familial cohesion during upbringing. There was no significant evidence for varying strength of association according to child's gender. LIMITATIONS Measuring child-parent separation according to differential residential addresses took no account of the reason for or circumstances of these separations. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings suggest that self-harm prevention initiatives should be tailored toward exposed persons who remain psychologically distressed into adulthood. These high-risk subgroups include individuals with little experience of familial cohesion during their upbringing, those with the most complicated trajectories who lived through multiple child-parent separation transitions, and those separated from both parents during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aske Astrup
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Carsten B. Pedersen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
| | - Pearl L.H. Mok
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Carr
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Roger T. Webb
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom,Corresponding author.
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Abstract
For the past several years in the United States, there have been more than 800 000 divorces and parent separations annually, with over 1 million children affected. Children and their parents can experience emotional trauma before, during, and after a separation or divorce. Pediatricians can be aware of their patients' behavior and parental attitudes and behaviors that may indicate family dysfunction and that can indicate need for intervention. Age-appropriate explanation and counseling for the child and advice and guidance for the parents, as well as recommendation of reading material, may help reduce the potential negative effects of divorce. Often, referral to professionals with expertise in the social, emotional, and legal aspects of the separation and its aftermath may be helpful for these families.
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Thompson RG, Alonzo D, Hu MC, Hasin DS. The influences of parental divorce and maternal-versus-paternal alcohol abuse on offspring lifetime suicide attempt. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 36:408-414. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald G. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York USA
| | - Dana Alonzo
- Graduate School of Social Service; Fordham University; West Harrison USA
| | - Mei-Chen Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York USA
| | - Deborah S. Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York USA
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13
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Parenting Style, Parental Adjustment, and Co-Parental Conflict: Differential Predictors of Child Psychosocial Adjustment Following Divorce. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parents’ adjustment, co-parenting conflict, and parenting style are often intervention targets for parents following divorce. However, little is known about how these three aspects together relate to child outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine how parent adjustment (distress and anger), parenting conflict, and parenting style (laxness and over-reactivity) predict child internalising, externalising, and prosocial behaviours. Participants were a community sample of 109 divorced parents with a child aged 4–17 years. Results showed that increased parental distress and co-parent conflict predicted increased child emotional and behavioural problems; and increased lax parenting also predicted increased externalising behaviour problems. However, greater prosocial behaviour was predicted only by lower lax parenting. The results highlight the differential impact of parenting factors on child outcomes following divorce and have implications for the content and tailoring of interventions for divorced parents.
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Di Manno L, Macdonald JA, Knight T. Family dissolution and offspring depression and depressive symptoms: A systematic review of moderation effects. J Affect Disord 2015; 188:68-79. [PMID: 26342891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental separation is associated with increased risk for offspring depression; however, depression outcomes are divergent. Knowledge of moderators could assist in understanding idiosyncratic outcomes and developing appropriately targeted prevention programs for those at heightened risk of depression following parental separation. Therefore, the objective of the review was to identify and evaluate studies that examined moderators of the relationship between parental separation and offspring depression METHODS A search of scientific, medical and psychological databases was conducted in April 2015 for longitudinal research that had evaluated any moderator/s of the relationship between parental separation or divorce and offspring depression or depressive symptoms. Papers were assessed for quality by evaluating the study's sample, attrition rates, methodology and measurement characteristics. RESULTS Fourteen quantitative studies from five countries assessed sixteen moderating factors of the relationship between parental separation and offspring depression or depressive symptoms. A number of factors were found to moderate this relationship, including offspring gender, age (at assessment and at depression onset), genotype, preadolescent temperament, IQ, emotional problems in childhood and maternal sensitivity. LIMITATIONS While robust longitudinal research was selected for inclusion, common issues with longitudinal studies such as low rates of participation and attrition were among the methodological concerns evident in some of the reviewed papers. CONCLUSIONS The current review is the first to assess interaction effects of the relationship between parental separation and offspring depression or depressive symptoms. While further research is recommended, this assessment is critical in understanding variation in heterogeneous populations and can inform targeted policy and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
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Hasin DS, Grant BF. The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Waves 1 and 2: review and summary of findings. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:1609-40. [PMID: 26210739 PMCID: PMC4618096 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The NESARC, a "third-generation" psychiatric epidemiologic survey that integrated detailed measures of alcohol and drug use and problems has been the data source for over >850 publications. A comprehensive review of NESARC findings and their implications is lacking. METHOD NESARC was a survey of 43,093 participants that covered alcohol, drug and psychiatric disorders, risk factors, and consequences. Wave 1 of the NESARC was conducted in 2001-2002. Three years later, Wave 2 follow-up re-interviews were conducted with 34,653 of the original participants. Scopus and Pubmed were used to search for NESARC papers, which were sorted into topic areas and summarized. RESULT The most common disorders were alcohol and posttraumatic stress disorders, and major depression. Females had more internalizing disorders and males had more externalizing disorders, although the preponderance of males with alcohol disorders (the "gender gap") was less pronounced than it was in previous decades. A race/ethnic "paradox" (lower risk among disadvantaged minorities than whites) remains unexplained. Younger participants had higher risk for substance and personality disorders, but not unipolar depressive or anxiety disorders. Psychiatric comorbidity was extensive and often formed latent trans-diagnostic domains. Since 1991-1992, risk for marijuana and prescription drug disorders increased, while smoking decreased, although smoking decreases were less pronounced among those with comorbidity. A nexus of comorbidity, social support, and stress predicted transitions in diagnostic status between Waves 1 and 2. Childhood maltreatment predicted psychopathology. Alcohol and drug use disorders were seldom treated; attitudinal barriers (little perceived need, perceived alcoholism stigma, pessimism about efficacy) were more important in predicting non-treatment than financial barriers. CONCLUSIONS Understanding comorbidity and the effects of early stressors will require research incorporating biologic components, e.g., genetic variants and brain imaging. The lack of treatment for alcohol and drug disorders, predicted by attitudinal rather than financial variables, suggests an urgent need for public and professional education to reduce the stigma associated with these disorders and increase knowledge of treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Bridget F Grant
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 3077, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
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16
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Chang HY, Chung Y, Keyes KM, Jung SJ, Kim SS. Associations between the timing of childhood adversity and adulthood suicidal behavior: A nationally-representative cohort. J Affect Disord 2015; 186:198-202. [PMID: 26247912 PMCID: PMC4671499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although childhood adversities (CAs) are known to be associated with later suicidal behavior, it is uncertain whether the timing of specific CAs may influence this association. METHODS We analyzed nationally representative data for 9205 participants from the Korean Welfare Panel Study. Four different CAs (parental death, parental divorce, suspension of school education and being raised in a relative's house due to financial strain) were assessed and were categorized as early childhood and adolescent onset. Lifetime experiences of suicidal behaviors along with the age of the first time experience were recorded. Cox regression was used. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, and childhood socioeconomic status, parental death before the age of 12 was associated with adulthood suicidal behavior (ideation HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13, 1.61; attempt HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.02, 2.52), while suspension of school due to financial strain was associated with suicidal behavior when it occurred at adolescence (ideation HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.22, 1.79; plan HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.16, 2.48). When we also adjusted for adulthood SES, which is a potential mediator, there was no significant change except that the association between early parental death and suicidal attempt became non-significant (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 0.92, 2.26). LIMITATIONS Experience of CA was assessed retrospectively, and the assessment of suicidal attempt was not specifically defined. There could be selection bias due to loss to the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS There may be a critical period for the effect of CA on later suicidal behavior depending on the characteristics of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Yoon Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Ajou University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
,Sunflower Center of Southern Gyeonggi for Women and Children Victims of Violence, Suwon, Republic of Korea
,Center for Traumatic Stress, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseung Chung
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, US
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sup Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Lindström M, Rosvall M. Parental separation in childhood, social capital, and suicide thoughts and suicide attempts: A population-based study. Psychiatry Res 2015. [PMID: 26208980 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the association between parental separation in childhood and suicide thoughts and attempts are scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between parental separation/divorce during childhood, and ever having had suicide thoughts and ever having made suicide attempt, adjusting for social capital and other covariates. In 2012 a cross-sectional public health survey was conducted in Scania, southern Sweden, with a postal questionnaire with 28,029 participants aged 18-80. Associations between parental separation/divorce during childhood and ever having considered suicide or having made suicide attempt were analysed by logistic regression. Overall, 12.1% of the men and 15.5% of the women had experienced suicide thoughts, and 3.2% of the men and 5.3% of the women had ever tried committing suicide. Among men, 20.4% had experienced parental separation during childhood until age 18, and among women 22.3%. Parental separation/divorce in childhood was with few exceptions significantly associated with ever having had suicide thoughts with the highest odds ratios for those who had experienced parental separation during ages 0-4 years. Parental separation/divorce in childhood was significantly associated with suicide attempts among men who had experienced parental separation/divorce at ages 0-4 and 15-18, and among women at any age 0-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lindström
- Social Medicine and Health Policy, Department of Clinical Sciences, Southern Sweden University Hospital in Malmö, Lund University, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Centre for Economic Demography, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosvall
- Social Medicine and Health Policy, Department of Clinical Sciences, Southern Sweden University Hospital in Malmö, Lund University, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Centre for Economic Demography, Lund University, Sweden
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18
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The impact of childhood parental loss on risk for mood, anxiety and substance use disorders in a population-based sample of male twins. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:404-9. [PMID: 25146695 PMCID: PMC4385714 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified the relationship between parental loss and psychopathology later in life. However, this relationship varied depending on the kind of loss, the parent involved, and the type of psychopathology. In the present study, we examined the association between parental loss (any loss, death, and separation) during childhood and lifetime risk for seven common psychiatric and substance use disorders in a sample of 2605 male twins from the Virginia population-based twin registry. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we also examined the extent to which the influence of parental loss contributes to adult psychopathology. Parental separation was associated with a wide range of adult psychopathology, whereas parental death was specifically associated with phobia and alcohol dependence. Maternal and paternal separations were almost equally associated with most forms of psychopathology. SEM suggested that parental loss accounted for about 10% of the variance of adult psychopathology, of which parental separation had the strongest impacts on risk for depression and drug abuse/dependence (11% of the total variance). Our findings suggest that early parental separation has stronger and wider effects on adult psychopathology than parental death.
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19
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Colman I, Jones PB, Kuh D, Weeks M, Naicker K, Richards M, Croudace TJ. Early development, stress and depression across the life course: pathways to depression in a national British birth cohort. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2845-2854. [PMID: 25066933 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology of depression is multifactorial, with biological, cognitive and environmental factors across the life course influencing risk of a depressive episode. There is inconsistent evidence linking early life development and later depression. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between low birthweight (LBW), infant neurodevelopment, and acute and chronic stress as components in pathways to depression in adulthood. METHOD The sample included 4627 members of the National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD; the 1946 British birth cohort). Weight at birth, age of developmental milestones, economic deprivation in early childhood, acute stressors in childhood and adulthood, and socio-economic status (SES) in adulthood were assessed for their direct and indirect effects on adolescent (ages 13 and 15 years) and adult (ages 36, 43 and 53 years) measures of depressive symptoms in a structural equation modelling (SEM) framework. A structural equation model developed to incorporate all variables exhibited excellent model fit according to several indices. RESULTS The path of prediction from birthweight to age of developmental milestones to adolescent depression/anxiety to adult depression/anxiety was significant (p < 0.001). Notably, direct paths from birthweight (p = 0.25) and age of developmental milestones (p = 0.23) to adult depression were not significant. Childhood deprivation and stressors had important direct and indirect effects on depression. Stressors in adulthood were strongly associated with adult depression. CONCLUSIONS Depression in adulthood is influenced by an accumulation of stressors across the life course, including many that originate in the first years of life. Effects of early-life development on mental health appear by adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Colman
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine,University of Ottawa,ON,Canada
| | - P B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,UK
| | - D Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care,University College London,UK
| | - M Weeks
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine,University of Ottawa,ON,Canada
| | - K Naicker
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine,University of Ottawa,ON,Canada
| | - M Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care,University College London,UK
| | - T J Croudace
- Department of Health Sciences,University of York,UK
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20
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Gosselin J, Romano E, Bell T, Babchishin L, Buhs IHVD, Gagné A, Gosselin N. Canadian portrait of changes in family structure and preschool children’s behavioral outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025414535121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whereas US-based data have contributed to our understanding of family composition changes over the last decades, data on Canadian families are limited, and previous studies have stressed the need for in depth, longitudinal investigations. This article begins to fill this gap in the literature by providing a current and detailed portrait of family composition changes from 1996 to 2008 (Study 1). Additionally, we performed an analysis of the role of specific child, parent and family characteristics, in interaction with family composition and family transition, in predicting pre-school children’s behavioral outcomes (Study 2). Using nationally-representative Canadian data collected from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), we focus our inquiry on a mean sample for 0–5-year-olds of 2,866 children at cycle 8 (2008). Results show increases in non-traditional family households over time, as well as significant relationships between child characteristics, household characteristics, and family processes in predicting three behavioral outcomes: emotional problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and physical aggression.
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21
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Dick DM, Nasim A, Edwards AC, Salvatore JE, Cho SB, Adkins A, Meyers J, Yan J, Cooke M, Clifford J, Goyal N, Halberstadt L, Ailstock K, Neale Z, Opalesky J, Hancock L, Donovan KK, Sun C, Riley B, Kendler KS. Spit for Science: launching a longitudinal study of genetic and environmental influences on substance use and emotional health at a large US university. Front Genet 2014; 5:47. [PMID: 24639683 PMCID: PMC3944794 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding genes involved in complex behavioral outcomes, and understanding the pathways by which they confer risk, is a challenging task, necessitating large samples that are phenotypically well characterized across time. We describe an effort to create a university-wide research project aimed at understanding how genes and environments impact alcohol use and related substance use and mental health outcomes across time in college students. Nearly 70% of the incoming freshman class (N = 2715) completed on-line surveys, with 80% of the students from the fall completing spring follow-ups. 98% of eligible participants also gave DNA. The participants closely approximated the university population in terms of gender and racial/ethnic composition. Here we provide initial results on alcohol use outcomes from the first wave of the sample, as well as associated predictor variables. We discuss the potential for this kind of research to advance our understanding of genetic and environment influences on substance use and mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Dick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Aashir Nasim
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Seung B Cho
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Amy Adkins
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Meyers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jia Yan
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Megan Cooke
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - James Clifford
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Neeru Goyal
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lisa Halberstadt
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly Ailstock
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zoe Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jill Opalesky
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Linda Hancock
- The Wellness Resource Center, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kristen K Donovan
- The Wellness Resource Center, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Cuie Sun
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Brien Riley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
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22
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Kim SS, Jang H, Chang HY, Park YS, Lee DW. Association between childhood adversities and adulthood depressive symptoms in South Korea: results from a nationally representative longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2013-002680. [PMID: 23878171 PMCID: PMC3717452 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how childhood adversity (ie, parental death, parental divorce, suspension of school education due to financial strain or being raised in a relative's house due to financial strain) is associated with prevalence and incidence of adulthood depressive symptoms and whether this association differs by gender and by age in South Korea. DESIGN Prospective cohort design. SETTING Nationally representative longitudinal survey in South Korea. PARTICIPANTS 11 526 participants in South Korea. OUTCOME MEASURE Prevalence and incidence of adulthood depressive symptoms were assessed as a dichotomous variable using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale in 2006 and 2007. RESULTS In the prevalence analysis, each of the four childhood adversities was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of adulthood depressive symptoms. The higher incidence of depressive symptoms was associated with suspension of school education (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.82) and parental divorce (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.71). In the age-stratified analyses, prevalence of depressive symptoms was associated with all CAs across different adulthoods, except for parental divorce and late adulthood depressive symptoms. After being stratified by gender, the association was significant for parental divorce (OR 3.76, 95% CI 2.34 to 6.03) in the prevalence analysis and for being raised in a relative's house (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.94) in the incidence analysis only among women. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that childhood adversity may increase prevalence and incidence of adulthood depressive symptoms, and the impact of parental divorce or being raised in a relative's house due to financial strain on adulthood depressive symptoms may differ by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Sup Kim
- Healthcare Management, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Hyobum Jang
- Master of Public Health Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hyoung Yoon Chang
- Master of Public Health Program, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Su Park
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Vousoura E, Verdeli H, Warner V, Wickramaratne P, Baily CDR. Parental Divorce, Familial Risk for Depression, and Psychopathology in Offspring: A Three-Generation Study. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2012; 21:718-725. [PMID: 29051699 PMCID: PMC5644394 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-011-9523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests a link between parental divorce and negative child outcomes; however, the presence of parental depression may confound this relationship. Studies exploring the simultaneous effects of depression and parents' divorce on the adjustment of their children are scarce and rarely have a longitudinal design. This is the first three-generation study of the relative effects of depression and divorce on offspring psychopathology, based on data from a 25-year longitudinal study with families at high and low risk for depression. One hundred seventy-eight grandchildren (mean age = 13.9 years) of depressed and nondepressed parents and grandparents were evaluated by raters blind to their parents' and grandparents' clinical status. We found that in both low and high-risk children, divorce had a limited impact on child adjustment over and above familial risk for depression. Divorce had a significant effect on child outcomes only among high-risk grandchildren with a depressed grandparent and non-depressed parents, with this group showing a threefold risk for anxiety disorders. Results support previous findings suggesting that familial risk for depression largely overshadows the effect of parental divorce on child psychopathology. Possible reasons for the lack of association between divorce and child psychopathology among low-risk offspring are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Vousoura
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th street, BOX 102, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Helen Verdeli
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th street, BOX 102, New York, NY 10027, USA. Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia Warner
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Priya Wickramaratne
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA. Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles David Richard Baily
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th street, BOX 102, New York, NY 10027, USA
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24
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Fuller-Thomson E, Dalton AD. Suicidal ideation among individuals whose parents have divorced: findings from a representative Canadian community survey. Psychiatry Res 2011; 187:150-5. [PMID: 21251718 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study used a large, nationally representative sample to examine the gender-specific association between parental divorce and the cumulative lifetime incidence of suicidal ideation. Known risk factors for suicidal ideation, such as childhood stressors, socioeconomic factors, adult health behaviors and stressors, marital status, and any history of mood and/or anxiety disorders were controlled. Gender-specific analyses revealed that for men, the parental divorce-suicidal ideation relationship remained statistically significant even when the above-listed cluster of risk factors were included in the analyses (odds ratio (OR)=2.36, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.56, 3.58). For women, the association between parental divorce and suicidal ideation was reduced to non-significance when other adverse childhood experiences were included in the analyses (full adjustment OR=1.04, 95% CI=0.72, 1.50). These findings indicate a need for screening of suicidal ideation among individuals, particularly men and those with mood and/or anxiety disorders, who have experienced parental divorce. Future research should focus on the mechanisms linking parental divorce and suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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25
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The role of depression in the differential effect of childhood parental divorce on male and female adult offspring suicide attempt risk. J Nerv Ment Dis 2010; 198:687-90. [PMID: 20823733 PMCID: PMC3755764 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181ef218c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies by our group, we found that female offspring of parental divorce and parental remarriage are more susceptible to suicide attempt than male offspring. In this study, we examine whether these findings remain even after controlling for offspring depression. The sample consists of respondents from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Multivariable regressions controlled for offspring depression, parental depression, age, race/ethnicity, income, and marital status. Our previous findings that female offspring of parental divorce and parental remarriage are more likely to report a lifetime suicide attempt than male offspring remained even after controlling for offspring depression. Findings suggest that focusing on engaging female offspring who demonstrate symptoms of depression is not sufficient to reduce suicide attempt risk in this group as many at risk individuals will remain unrecognized.
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