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Jiang D, Lin S, Gong Q, Hong J, Wang J, Gao H, Guo Y, Tong F, Zhang Y. PAX6 gene promoter methylation is correlated with myopia in Chinese adolescents: a pilot sutdy. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:219-225. [PMID: 38531548 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2024.2315152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A large number of epidemiological studies have shown that myopia is a complex disease involving genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of PAX6 gene methylation in myopia in Chinese adolescents. METHODS Eighty junior high school students were divided into four groups based on their vision test results: mild myopia, moderate myopia, severe myopia, and non-myopia control. The methylation level of PAX6 gene promoter was detected by bisulfate pyrosequencing. RESULTS The methylation level of PAX6 gene in myopia group (8.06% ± 1.43%) was slightly but significantly higher than that in non-myopia controls (7.26% ± 1.17%). In addition, PAX6 gene methylation levels presented a decreasing pattern along with the aggravation of myopia. Post-hoc analysis indicated significant inter-group differences for the mild myopia group and other groups (All p < .05). In the subgroup analysis by gender, the methylation level of PAX6 gene promoter in girls was higher than that in boys (p = .023). The ROC curves showed a high accuracy of PAX6 gene methylation to predict mild myopia (AUC (95% CI) = 0.828 (0.709-0.947), p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The methylation of PAX6 gene might play a role in the onset and progression of myopia in Chinese adolescents. And this could potentially explore the potential molecular mechanisms of juvenile myopia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjie Jiang
- Department of School Health, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Qinghai Gong
- Department of School Health, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Jia Hong
- Department of School Health, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of School Health, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of School Health, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanbo Guo
- Department of School Health, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Feng Tong
- Department of School Health, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of School Health, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
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Karthikeyan SK, Sundaram SM, Ve RS, Souza DD, Biswas S, Shetty MU. Design and development of a noninvasive ocular pressure estimator. Optom Vis Sci 2024; 101:164-172. [PMID: 38546758 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A snapshot intraocular pressure (IOP) is ineffective in identifying the IOP peak and fluctuation, especially during sleep. Because IOP variability plays a significant role in the progression of glaucoma, monitoring the IOP, especially during sleep, is essential to capture the dynamic nature of IOP. PURPOSE We aimed to design an ocular pressure estimator (OPE) that can reliably and accurately measure the IOP noninvasively over closed-eyelid condition. METHODS Ocular pressure estimator works on the principle that the external pressure applied by raising the IOP of the eyeball is transmitted through a compressible septum to the pressure sensor, thus recording the IOP. A fluid-filled pouch with a pressure sensor was placed over a rubber glove mimicking the eyelid (septum), covering the cornea of enucleated goat eyeballs. A pressure-controlled setup was connected to a goat cadaver eye, which was validated by a rebound tonometer. Cannulation of eyeballs through the lower limbus had the least difference from the control setup values documented using rebound tonometer, compared with cannulation through the optic nerve. Intraocular pressures ranging from 3 to 30 mmHg was induced, and the outputs recorded using OPE were amplified and recorded for 10 minutes (n = 10 eyes). We stratified the randomization of the number of times and the induced pressures. RESULTS The measurements recorded were found to be linear when measured against an IOP range of 3 to 30 mmHg. The device has excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.998). The repeatability coefficient and coefficient of variations were 4.24 (3.60 to 4.87) and 8.61% (7.33 to 9.90), respectively. The overall mean difference ± SD between induced IOP and the OPE was 0.22 ± 3.50 (95% confidence interval, -0.35 to 0.79) mmHg across all IOP ranges. CONCLUSIONS Ocular pressure estimator offers a promising approach for reliably and accurately measuring IOP and its fluctuation noninvasively under a condition mimicking a closed eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth K Karthikeyan
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Swaminathan M Sundaram
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh S Ve
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Donson D Souza
- Blackfrog Technologies Pvt Ltd, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sayantan Biswas
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
- School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mayur U Shetty
- Blackfrog Technologies Pvt Ltd, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Lin CW, Wang JJ, Lai CH, Chen CY, Lai IC. Assessing Agreement and Variability Among Alternative Devices for Intraocular Pressure Measurement: A Comparative Study. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:3453-3461. [PMID: 38026610 PMCID: PMC10657745 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s438358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is critical in diagnosing and managing eye conditions. This study aims to assess the comparability of three alternative devices for measuring IOP: Noncontact tonometer, Icare rebound tonometer, and Tono-Pen. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study included 172 adult participants (87 males and 85 females) who underwent IOP and central corneal thickness (CCT) assessments. IOP was measured using Noncontact (Canon TX-20), Icare (Icare TA01i), and Tono-Pen (Tonopen XL). CCT was measured with the built-in pachymetry of the Noncontact tonometer. Correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analyses were conducted to assess the relationships and agreements between these tonometers. Participants were grouped based on IOP and CCT levels. The mean of the standard deviation of the three tonometer results was calculated to evaluate measurement result variability. One-way analysis of variance was conducted for comparing between the groups. Results IOP measurements among the three devices were not significantly different, indicating their comparability. Correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between the tonometers. Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement, with the Icare rebound tonometer and Tono-Pen exhibiting narrower limits of agreement. Furthermore, IOP levels influenced measurement result variability, with higher IOP levels associated with greater variance. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the alternative devices examined can provide reliable IOP measurements. It highlights the potential of these alternative devices for IOP measurement. These findings have implications for clinical practice, offering practitioners additional tools for accurate IOP assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Jhe Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiung Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, 61363, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Yin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Chou Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
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Noya-Padin V, Garcia-Queiruga J, Sabucedo-Villamarin B, Nores-Palmas N, Taboada-Mecias R, Yebra-Pimentel E. Intraocular Pressure Fluctuation Throughout the Day. Cureus 2023; 15:e48826. [PMID: 38106705 PMCID: PMC10722343 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) values at different time points, both in the total sample and according to iridocorneal angle aperture, to assess whether IOP fluctuations were constant throughout the day, and to examine correlations with other factors. Methods Over a single day, the IOP of 34 volunteers was measured at three-hour intervals from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. To avoid any IOP value being affected by other measurements, anamnesis, slit-lamp evaluation (with iridocorneal angle measurement), and refractive status were performed after the final measurement. The differences between IOP values at different time points and IOP fluctuation at three-hour intervals were compared by ANOVA and Friedman test, respectively, both for the total group and according to iridocorneal angle aperture. For relationships, Pearson's correlation was performed for parametric variables and Spearman's correlation for nonparametric variables. Results Significant differences were observed in IOP between time points for the total sample (p < 0.001), but not for a narrow-angle group (p = 0.058). No significant differences were found in IOP fluctuations at three-hour intervals either in the total sample or according to angle aperture (all p ≥ 0.332). There was a positive correlation of IOP at different time points (all r ≥ 0.646, all p < 0.001) but no relationship with spherical equivalent, age, or sleep duration (all p ≥ 0.057). IOP at 12:00 p.m. was correlated with a 12:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. fluctuation (r = 0.428, p = 0.012); and IOP fluctuation between 9:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. was correlated with age (r = 0.485, p = 0.004). Conclusion As IOP decreases from morning until at least 6:00 p.m., measuring these two values during clinical evaluation is essential for the effective monitoring and prevention of IOP-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Noya-Padin
- Department of Applied Physics (Optometry Area), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, ESP
- Department of Optometry, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, ESP
| | - Jacobo Garcia-Queiruga
- Department of Applied Physics (Optometry Area), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, ESP
- Department of Optometry, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, ESP
| | - Belen Sabucedo-Villamarin
- Department of Applied Physics (Optometry Area), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, ESP
| | - Noelia Nores-Palmas
- Department of Applied Physics (Optometry Area), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, ESP
| | - Ricardo Taboada-Mecias
- Department of Applied Physics (Optometry Area), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, ESP
| | - Eva Yebra-Pimentel
- Department of Applied Physics (Optometry Area), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, ESP
- Department of Optometry, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, ESP
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