1
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Lee S, Kim E, Park DG. Peritoneal metastatic mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a case report. Ann Coloproctol 2024; 40:S18-S22. [PMID: 36404497 PMCID: PMC11162840 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2022.00339.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 61-year-old man presented with abdominal distension without any symptoms. On colonoscopy and computed tomography findings, it was clinically diagnosed as peritoneal metastasis of sigmoid colon cancer, and diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. Only the peritoneum was partially resected, and the pathology was signet ring cell carcinoma with predominantly local mucinous carcinoma component. However, the patient complained of persistent symptoms and, despite the progress of chemotherapy, the peritoneal dissemination worsened, and additional cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) was performed. Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) were reported in the appendix with perforated visceral peritoneum. After additional chemotherapy, the patient was discharged. Patients with advanced MANEC with peritoneal spreading may benefit from aggressive treatment by cytoreduction surgery with HIPEC, followed by intravenous chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungchul Lee
- Department of Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong-Guk Park
- Department of Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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2
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Dohner E, Kierdorf FJ, Langer R, Zuber M, Fahrner R. Retrospective analysis of the incidence of appendiceal neoplasm and malignancy in patients treated for suspected acute appendicitis. BMC Surg 2024; 24:121. [PMID: 38658891 PMCID: PMC11040831 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonoperative management of uncomplicated appendicitis is currently being promoted as treatment option, albeit 0.7-2.5% of appendectomies performed due to suspected acute appendicitis show histologically malignant findings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of neoplasm and malignancy of the appendix in patients presenting with suspected acute appendicitis in real world setting. METHODS This is a retrospective single-centre investigation of 457 patients undergoing appendectomy between the years 2017-2020. The patients' demographics, symptoms and diagnosis, intraoperative findings, and histopathological results were analysed. RESULTS In 3.7% (n = 17) histological analysis revealed neoplasms or malignancies. Median age was 48 years (20-90 years), without sex predominance. Leukocytes (11.3 ± 3.7 G/l) and C-reactive protein (54.2 ± 69.0 mg/l) were elevated. Histological analysis revealed low-grade mucinous appendiceal neoplasia (n = 3), sessile serrated adenoma of the appendix (n = 3), neuroendocrine tumours (n = 7), appendiceal adenocarcinoma of intestinal type (n = 3), and goblet cell carcinoma (n = 1). Additional treatment varied between no treatment or follow-up due to early tumour stage (n = 4), follow-up care (n = 3), additional surgical treatment (n = 8), or best supportive care (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative diagnosis of appendiceal tumours is difficult. Nonoperative management of patients with acute, uncomplicated appendicitis potentially prevents the correct diagnosis of malignant appendiceal pathologies. Therefore, close follow-up or surgical removal of the appendix is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Dohner
- Department of Surgery, Bürgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Zuber
- Department of Surgery, Bürgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
- Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital Basel and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - René Fahrner
- Department of Surgery, Bürgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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3
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Oh CE, Kim SE, Oh SJ. A rare goblet cell adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's esophagus: the first reported case in the esophagus. J Pathol Transl Med 2024; 58:81-86. [PMID: 38178706 PMCID: PMC10948254 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2023.12.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCA) is a rare and distinctive amphicrine tumor comprised of goblet-like mucinous cells and neuroendocrine cells. It is believed to originate from pluripotent stem cells located at the base of crypts. GCA predominantly arises from the appendix, with a few reported cases in extra-appendiceal locations such as the colorectum, small intestine, and stomach. In this case report, we present a unique instance of a 64-year-old male who initially received a diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma in the distal esophagus based on biopsy but, following resection, was subsequently re-diagnosed with GCA arising from Barrett's esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Eun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan,
Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan,
Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Oh
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan,
Korea
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4
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Yamakawa D, Yuguchi S, Yoshinaga A, Ikeda J, Noguchi M. A case of diffuse goblet cell adenocarcinoma of the appendix showing carcinoid-like expansion. Pathol Int 2023; 73:527-529. [PMID: 37655540 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Yamakawa
- Department of Pathology, Naritatomisato Tokushukai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shu Yuguchi
- Department of Pathology, Naritatomisato Tokushukai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Arinobu Yoshinaga
- Department of Surgery, Yotsukaidou Tokushukai Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Naritatomisato Tokushukai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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5
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Padmanabhan Nair Sobha R, Jensen CT, Waters R, Calimano-Ramirez LF, Virarkar MK. Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Comprehensive Review. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2023:00004728-990000000-00239. [PMID: 37574653 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) is the most common adult appendiceal malignant tumor, constituting 16% of gastrointestinal NENs. They are versatile tumors with varying morphology, immunohistochemistry, secretory properties, and cancer genomics. They are slow growing and clinically silent, to begin with, or present with features of nonspecific vague abdominal pain. Most acute presentations are attributed clinically to appendicitis, with most cases detected incidentally on pathology after an appendectomy. Approximately 40% of them present clinically with features of hormonal excess, which is likened to the functional secretory nature of their parent cell of origin. The symptoms of carcinoid syndrome render their presence clinically evident. However, slow growing and symptomatically silent in its initial stages, high-grade neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the appendix are aggressive and usually have hepatic and lymph node metastasis at presentation. This review article focuses on imaging characteristics, World Health Organization histopathological classification and grading, American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union or International Cancer Control, European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society staging, European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society standardized guidelines for reporting, data interpretation, early-stage management protocols, and advanced-stage appendiceal NENs. Guidelines are also set for the follow-up and reassessment. The role of targeted radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and high-dose somatostatin analogs in treating advanced disease are discussed, along with types of ablative therapies and liver transplantation for tumor recurrence. The search for newer location-specific biomarkers in NEN is also summarized. Regarding the varying aggressiveness of the tumor, there is a scope for research in the field, with plenty of data yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corey T Jensen
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Rebecca Waters
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Mayur K Virarkar
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
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6
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Constantin M, Petrescu L, Mătanie C, Vrancianu CO, Niculescu AG, Andronic O, Bolocan A. The Vermiform Appendix and Its Pathologies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3872. [PMID: 37568688 PMCID: PMC10417615 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The vermiform appendix is a muscular cylindrical structure originating near the junction of the cecum and ileum, averaging 9 cm (5-35 cm) in size. As the most mobile viscera, it can adopt several positions, the most common being the retrocecal position. Perceived as an atavistic organ lacking physiological relevance, the vermiform appendix appears to be involved in immune function, serving in the maturation of B lymphocytes and the production of immunoglobulin A, in endocrine function, excreting amines and hormones in the 2-3 mL of mucus secreted daily, and in digestive function, by storing beneficial bacteria from where they can recolonize the colon. With a lumen of about 6 mm, the vermiform appendix has a reduced storage capacity, so any blockage of the appendix with fecoliths (fecaliths), seeds derailed from the colon, or enlarged lymph nodes prevents drainage and intraluminal accumulation of secreted mucus. Unable to relax, the appendix wall severely limits its intraluminal volume, so mucus accumulation leads to inflammation of the appendix, known generically as appendicitis. In addition, the vermiform appendix may be the site of the development of neoplastic processes, which may or may not involve mucus production, some of which can significantly affect the standard of living and ultimately lead to death. In general, mucinous tumors may have a better prognosis than non-mucinous tumors. This review takes a comprehensive path, starting by describing the anatomy and embryology of the vermiform appendix and further detailing its inflammatory pathologies, pathologies related to congenital anomalies, and appendix tumors, thus creating an up-to-date framework for better understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of these health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Constantin
- Institute of Biology of Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, ICUB, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Livia Petrescu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, DAFAB, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (L.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Mătanie
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, DAFAB, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (L.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, ICUB, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- Microbiology—Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, ICUB, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Andronic
- University Emergency Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexandra Bolocan
- University Emergency Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.A.); (A.B.)
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7
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Gaillard M, Van Eyken P, Verswijvel G, Van der Speeten K. Appendiceal Goblet Cell Carcinoma: Role of Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC). Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:240-249. [PMID: 37359931 PMCID: PMC10284751 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC) encompasses a separate entity in appendiceal neoplasms with mixed glandular and neuro-endocrine pathological features. GCC mostly presents as an acute appendicitis duo to luminal obstruction or as an incidental finding on the surgical appendectomy specimen. In case of tumour perforation or presence of other risk factors, guidelines suggest additional treatment with a completing right hemicolectomy or cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). We report the case of a 77-year-old male with symptoms of appendicitis for which an appendectomy was performed. The appendix was ruptured during the procedure. There was an incidental finding of GCC on the pathological specimen. Because of possible tumour soiling, the patient received a prophylactic CRS-HIPEC. A literature review was performed to investigate the potential role for CRS-HIPEC as a curative treatment in patients with GCC. GCC of the appendix is an aggressive type of tumour with a high risk of peritoneal and systemic dissemination. CRS and HIPEC is a treatment option: both in a prophylactic setting and in patients with established peritoneal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gaillard
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - P. Van Eyken
- Department of Pathology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - G. Verswijvel
- Department of Radiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - K. Van der Speeten
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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8
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Chen I, Liu X, Kovar-Peltz S, Conrad SJ, Chen HH, Liao X. Clinicopathological spectrums and prognosis of primary appendiceal adenocarcinoma, goblet cell adenocarcinoma, and low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. Pathology 2023; 55:375-382. [PMID: 36454563 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Primary appendiceal adenocarcinoma (APCA), goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCA), and low/high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN/HAMN) are distinct entities with overlapping clinical presentation and histomorphology, leading to diagnostic challenges. We retrospectively reviewed our archived cases between 2010 and 2018 for diagnosis reappraisal and comparative analysis using updated terminology and modern parameters. A total of 87 cases (22 APCA, 40 GCA, and 25 LAMN pT≥3) were included. The entire cohort had 49 women and 38 men with a median age of 59.9 (range 26-88) years. There were no statistically significant differences in age and sex among the three groups. Clinically, patients with GCA were more likely to present with acute appendicitis (65%) and more likely to have appendectomy as initial surgery (68%). Both APCA and GCA were more likely to involve the proximal appendix while LAMN was more likely to involve the distal appendix (p<0.05). All APCAs were associated with mucosal precursor lesions, most commonly tubular, tubulovillous, or villous adenoma, flat LAMN/HAMN-pTis mucinous epithelium, or mixed, which correlated with distinct histomorphology, tumour differentiation, and stage. Although polypoid precursor lesions were rare in GCA, a significant proportion of GCA showed crypt atypia associated with neoplastic cells. Immunohistochemically, APCA had more frequent β-catenin nuclear positivity and loss of SATB2 expression (p<0.05). KRAS mutation was more common in APCA than in GCA (8/11 vs 1/7, p<0.01). We further validated the three-tiered grading system (G1, G2, G3) in GCA, which correlated well with tumour stage and patient survival. APCA had worse progression-free and disease-specific survivals than GCA and LAMN (pT≥3) with the latter being relatively indolent even when perforated with peritoneal spread. Our study is the first comprehensive comparison between all three appendiceal neoplasms. We also describe a spectrum of previously under-recognised crypt atypia in GCA, which should trigger a diligent search for GCA if present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sierra Kovar-Peltz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie J Conrad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah H Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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9
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Fleming AM, Deschner BW, Williard FW, Drake JA, Vanderwalde A, Xiu J, Somer BG, Yakoub D, Tsao MW, Glazer ES, Dickson PV, Shibata D, Philip PA, Hwang JJ, Shields AF, Marshall JL, Korn WM, Lenz HJ, Deneve JL. Peritoneal metastases from primary appendiceal and colorectal carcinomas demonstrate distinct molecular identities on comprehensive tumor analysis. J Surg Oncol 2023; 127:815-822. [PMID: 36629137 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Published data comparing peritoneal metastases from appendiceal cancers (pAC) and colorectal cancers (pCRC) remain sparse. We compared pAC and pCRC using comprehensive tumor profiling (CTP). METHODS CTP was performed, including next-generation sequencing and analysis of copy number variation (CNV), microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB). RESULTS One hundred thirty-six pAC and 348 pCRC samples underwent CTP. The cohorts' age and gender were similar. pCRC demonstrated increased pathogenic variants (PATHs) in APC (48% vs. 3%, p < 0.01), ARID1A (12% vs. 2%, p < 0.01), BRAF (12% vs. 2%, p < 0.01), FBXW7 (7% vs. 2%, p < 0.01), KRAS (52% vs. 41%, p < 0.05), PIK3CA (15% vs. 2%, p < 0.01), and TP53 (53% vs. 23%, p < 0.01), and decreased PATHs in GNAS (8% vs. 31%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in CNV, fusion rate, or MSI. Median TMB was higher in pCRC (5.8 vs. 5.0 mutations per megabase, p = 0.0007). Rates of TMB-high tumors were similar (pAC 2.1% vs. pCRC 9.0%, p = 0.1957). pCRC had significantly more TMB-high tumors at lower thresholds. CONCLUSIONS Despite a reduced overall TMB, pAC demonstrated mutations distinct from those seen in pCRC. These may serve as discrete biomarkers for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Fleming
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benjamin W Deschner
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Forrest W Williard
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin A Drake
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ari Vanderwalde
- West Cancer Center, Germantown, Tennessee, USA.,Caris Life Sciences, Irving, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Danny Yakoub
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Miriam W Tsao
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Evan S Glazer
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paxton V Dickson
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jimmy J Hwang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Atrium Health Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - John L Marshall
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - W Michael Korn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeremiah L Deneve
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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10
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Shiota T, Murata K, Kishimoto M, Yao T, Noura S, Morita S, Akiyoshi T, Okamura S, Imasato M, Furuhata T, Suto T, Takemasa I, Shingai T, Ueda M, Mizuno H, Hisamatsu Y, Takeda T, Fujii M, Kagawa Y, Sugihara K. Clinicopathological features of appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma in Japan: a multicenter retrospective study. Surg Today 2023; 53:174-181. [PMID: 35913635 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-022-02562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification, appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCA) is categorized separately from neuroendocrine tumors and other appendiceal adenocarcinomas. We clarified the clinicopathological characteristics of Japanese appendiceal GCA. METHODS We designed a retrospective multicenter cohort study and retrieved the data of patients with appendiceal neoplasms and histologically diagnosed appendiceal goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) treated from January 2000 to December 2017 in Japan. The available GCC slides were reviewed and diagnosed with a new grading system of GCA. RESULTS A total of 922 patients from 43 institutions were enrolled; of these, 32 cases were patients with GCC (3.5%), and 20 cases were ultimately analyzed. The 5-year survival rate was 61.4% (95% confidence interval: 27.4-83.2), and the median survival time was 93.1 months. For peritoneal metastasis, regional lymph node metastasis was a significant factor (p = 0.04), and Grade 3 was a potential factor (p = 0.07). No peritoneal metastasis was observed in either T1/2 patients (n = 2) or Grade 1 patients (n = 4). We were unable to detect any significant factors associated with regional lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION For peritoneal metastasis, regional lymph node metastasis was a significant factor, and Grade 3 was a potential factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Shiota
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Kohei Murata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Noura
- Department of Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunji Morita
- Department of Surgery, Itami City Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Akiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Okamura
- Department of Surgery, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tomohisa Furuhata
- Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, St. Marianna University Toyoko Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemasa
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, and Science, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Shingai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saiseikai Senri Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Higashiosaka City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hisamatsu
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Minoh City Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujii
- Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Bell PD, Pai RK. Goblet cell adenocarcinoma of the appendix: an update and practical approach to diagnosis and grading. Hum Pathol 2023; 132:183-196. [PMID: 35691370 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Goblet cell adenocarcinoma is a rare appendiceal tumour with amphicrine differentiation that has distinct morphologic and clinical features compared to carcinomas seen elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. These tumors have engendered considerable confusion in the literature regarding their classification, and they have been described under several different names including goblet cell carcinoid, adenocarcinoid, and adenocarcinoma, among others. In the recent fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Digestive System Tumors, goblet cell adenocarcinoma is the preferred diagnosis because of the increasing recognition of a frequent co-existing high-grade adenocarcinoma component. This review will present the clinicopathologic, molecular, and immunohistochemical features of goblet cell adenocarcinoma and discuss the current challenges in diagnosis, grading, and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoenix D Bell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Reetesh K Pai
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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12
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The Incidental Goblet Cell Adenocarcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 2022; 65:1301-1304. [PMID: 36228498 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000002595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Goblet Cell Carcinoma of the Appendix with Synchronous Adenocarcinoma of the Cecum: Distinct or Related Entities? Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10040077. [PMID: 36278575 PMCID: PMC9590081 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC) is a rare primary tumor of the appendix characterized by both epithelial and neuroendocrine components containing goblet cells. While in the past, the GCC has been associated with neuroendocrine tumors, recent studies consider that GCC is closer to adenocarcinoma than a neuroendocrine component. The association between gastro-intestinal (GI) carcinoids and second primary malignancies (SPMs) is widely described in the literature, but there is no reported case of GCC and synchronous adjacent adenocarcinoma of the colon. We describe the first case in the literature, to our knowledge, of synchronous colorectal adenocarcinoma of the cecum and GCC of the appendix that are incidentally discovered in the resected primary cancer specimen. The association between the two neoplasms seems to be not causal and maybe the “paracrine-effect theory” may explain the development of a second tumor close to the primary.
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14
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Cho YM, Abidoye O, Wang J, Bhushan S, Miyara SJ, Guevara S, Molmenti EP, LoCicero RJ, Ilyas JA. A rare case of advance goblet cell carcinoma and a narrative review. CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER: CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpccr.2022.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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15
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Palmer K, Weerasuriya S, Chandrakumaran K, Rous B, White BE, Paisey S, Srirajaskanthan R, Ramage JK. Goblet Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix: A Systematic Review and Incidence and Survival of 1,225 Cases From an English Cancer Registry. Front Oncol 2022; 12:915028. [PMID: 35903705 PMCID: PMC9314749 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.915028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGoblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCA) of the appendix is a rare and aggressive tumour with varying nomenclature and classification systems. This has led to heterogeneity in published data, and there is a lack of consensus on incidence, survival, and management.MethodsWe provide an overview of GCA with a comprehensive systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology and a retrospective analysis of all cases recorded in the English National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service database between 1995 and 2018. The Kaplan–Meier estimator was used to calculate overall survival, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify prognostic factors.ResultsThe systematic review demonstrated an incidence of 0.05–0.3 per 100,000 per year among North American registry studies. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate was 95.5%, 85.9%–87.6%, and 76.0%–80.6%, respectively. Age, stage, and grade were identified as prognostic factors for survival. Our analysis included 1,225 cases. Age-standardised incidence was 0.0335 per year in 1995 and gradually rose to 0.158 per year in 2018. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate was 90.0% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 85.4–94.0], 76.0% (95% CI: 73.8–80.9), and 68.6% (95% CI: 65.9–72.2), respectively. On univariate Cox regression analyses, female sex, stage, and grade were associated with worse overall survival. On multivariate analysis, only stage remained a statistically significant prognostic factor.ConclusionsGCA of the appendix is rare, but incidence is increasing. We report a lower incidence and survival than North American registry studies. Higher stage was associated with decreased survival. Further prospective studies are required to establish optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Palmer
- Barts Cancer Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Kieran Palmer,
| | - Scott Weerasuriya
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, King’s College Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kandiah Chandrakumaran
- Surgical Division, Hampshire Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Rous
- National Health Service (NHS) Digital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin E. White
- Surgical Division, Hampshire Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, United Kingdom
| | - Sangeeta Paisey
- Surgical Division, Hampshire Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, United Kingdom
| | - Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, King’s College Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John K. Ramage
- Surgical Division, Hampshire Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Barbash D, Trivedi AA, Yang JY, Nguyen RB, Huribal JC, Zuberi J, Elsawy O, Wessner S. Incidental discovery of goblet cell carcinoid, a rare appendiceal malignancy case report. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac356. [PMID: 35919700 PMCID: PMC9341438 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) tumor is a rare appendiceal carcinoma that has had several names throughout its history. Often found incidentally on pathology following an appendectomy, treatment includes a right hemicolectomy and possible adjuvant chemotherapy. Survival rate has been shown to be correlated with the histological features. Here, we report a 45-year-old African American male who presented with signs and symptoms consistent with acute appendicitis, but was ultimately diagnosed with GCC. After undergoing a right hemicolectomy, he continues to undergo long-term surveillance with his oncologist. Due to the rarity of this tumor, we describe the history of GCC and our recommendations for surgical and long-term management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barbash
- Department of Surgery , St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aakash A Trivedi
- Department of Surgery , St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey, USA
| | - James Y Yang
- Department of Surgery , St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey, USA
| | - Richard B Nguyen
- Department of Surgery , St. George’s University, Great River, New York, USA
| | - John C Huribal
- Department of Surgery , St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jamshed Zuberi
- Department of Surgery , St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey, USA
| | - Osama Elsawy
- Department of Surgery , St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey, USA
| | - Scott Wessner
- Department of Surgery , St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey, USA
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17
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Physins in digestive system neoplasms. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 111:157-176. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Gangi A, Shah R. The Landmark Series: Appendiceal Primary Peritoneal Surface Malignancy. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 29:2056-2068. [PMID: 34853944 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Appendiceal primary peritoneal surface malignancies are rare and include a broad spectrum of pathologies ranging from indolent disease to aggressive disease. As such, the data that drive the management of appendiceal peritoneal surface malignancies is generally not based on prospective clinical trial data, but rather consists of level 1 data based on retrospective studies and high-volume institutional experiences. Complete surgical debulking typically offers the best chance for long-term survival. This review highlights the landmark articles on which management of primary appendiceal peritoneal surface malignancies are based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gangi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Rupen Shah
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
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19
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Orr CE, Yantiss RK. Controversies in appendiceal pathology: Mucinous and goblet cell neoplasms. Pathology 2021; 54:167-176. [PMID: 34836648 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinomas and mucinous neoplasms are uncommon compared with other epithelial tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Both tumour types have been subjected to terminology that belies their biological risk and leads to confusion. Goblet cell adenocarcinomas display patchy staining for endocrine markers and, thus, were previously classified as goblet cell carcinoids. Unlike well-differentiated endocrine neoplasms, however, they often contain high-grade glandular elements and pursue an aggressive course akin to that of conventional adenocarcinoma. Although several authors have recently proposed grading schemes to predict behaviour among goblet cell neoplasms, most that contain high-grade components have already spread beyond the appendix at the time of diagnosis, whereas those confined to the appendix almost always have low-grade features; the added value of grading these tumours is limited. Contradictions also surround the nomenclature of mucinous neoplasms. The World Health Organization and others promote non-malignant terminology to describe metastatic mucinous neoplasms of the peritoneum and eliminate a benign category entirely, even though virtually all neoplasms confined to the appendix pose no recurrence risk following appendectomy. 'Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm' now encompasses a spectrum of benign tumours and malignant neoplasms in the appendix and peritoneum. Although using an umbrella term in this fashion simplifies the roles of pathologists, it provides essentially no actionable information beyond that which is already clinically apparent. Broad strokes nomenclature also ensures that many patients with no risk of recurrence will receive unnecessary surveillance while others will undergo inappropriate surgical procedures due to lapses in communication. Moreover, a surprising number of non-neoplastic mucinous lesions are misclassified as low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, which can result in unwarranted patient concern or even mismanagement. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the literature and describe an approach to appendiceal neoplasms that more clearly denotes their biologic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Orr
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rhonda K Yantiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Tamiya M, Matsuda K, Iwamoto H, Mitani Y, Mizumoto Y, Nakamura Y, Sakanaka T, Takemoto N, Hyo T, Iwamoto R, Yamaue H. Appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma with peritoneal recurrence 9 years after surgery. Int Cancer Conf J 2021; 11:57-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s13691-021-00519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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21
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Mitra A, Lee HS, Matsukuma K. Acute Appendicitis with Neuronal Hyperplasia and Swelling: A Novel Histologic Mimic of Appendiceal Goblet Cell Adenocarcinoma and Signet-Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 30:278-281. [PMID: 34617794 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211047979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Goblet cell adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma are well-known diagnostic pitfalls of routine appendectomy specimens. Here we present a case of acute appendicitis with prominent neuronal (ganglion cell) hyperplasia and swelling which histologically mimics goblet cell adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma. Attention to the cytologic features of the lesional cells (absence of atypia, mitotic activity) and their close association with nerves and classic ganglion cells, along with the use of a limited panel of immunostains, ensures proper classification of this rare but striking benign process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Mitra
- 8789University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA
| | - Han S Lee
- 8789University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA
| | - Karen Matsukuma
- 8789University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA
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22
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Brassil M, Lee R, O'Neill D, Woods G, Moloney BM, Dunne R, Morrin M, Lee MJ. Appendiceal tumours - A correlation of CT features and histopathological diagnosis. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2021; 66:92-101. [PMID: 34535980 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Appendiceal tumours are uncommon neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. An understanding of the imaging appearances facilitates an accurate radiological description, which guides surgical and oncological management. In this study, a retrospective review of the CT imaging and histopathology of all cases of appendiceal tumours discussed at the oncology multidisciplinary meetings in a single centre, over an 8-year period (2012-2019) is performed. The array and incidence of both common and rare pathologies are investigated, and important characteristic imaging findings for radiologists to recognize are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brassil
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan Lee
- Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Damien O'Neill
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham Woods
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ruth Dunne
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martina Morrin
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J Lee
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Popa O, Taban SM, Pantea S, Plopeanu AD, Barna RA, Cornianu M, Pascu AA, Dema ALC. The new WHO classification of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors and immunohistochemical expression of somatostatin receptor 2 and 5. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1179. [PMID: 34475969 PMCID: PMC8406677 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of gastrointestinal tumors defines well-differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors, the mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine tumors (MiNENs) and classifies goblet cell carcinoid as goblet cell adenocarcinoma. The expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) is the foundation for somatostatin analogue therapy. At present, there are only a few studies that have analyzed the immunohistochemical reactivity of SSTRs in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of SSTR2 and SSTR5 in gastrointestinal NENs and goblet cell adenocarcinomas and the correlation of these markers with clinical and morphological factors. The study included 67 patients with NENs and 4 patients with adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2018. Tumors were reclassified according to the 2019 WHO classification. Immunohistochemical staining for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, Ki-67, p53, SSTR2, and SSTR5 were performed in all the cases. The results showed that, G1 and G2 neuroendocrine tumors were more common SSTR2-positive in comparison with G3 carcinomas (P<0.0001). In addition, 33.3% of neuroendocrine carcinomas and 2 cases of low-grade adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid were SSTR2-positive. Neuroendocrine carcinomas had significantly lower SSTR2 and SSTR5 expression compared with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (P=0.0130; P=0.0437, respectively). The SSTR2 expression in the early tumor stages was 100%, more often than in advanced stages (55.6%; P=0.0011). The results demonstrated the decrease in SSTR2 expression with increasing malignancy and tumor stage. The SSTR2-positive expression in neuroendocrine carcinomas and adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid provides evidence for the benefits of somatostatin analog treatment associated with surgery and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Popa
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Pathology, ANAPATMOL Research Center, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.,Endocrinology Clinic, 'Pius Brînzeu' County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorina Maria Taban
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Pathology, ANAPATMOL Research Center, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stelian Pantea
- Surgical Emergency Clinic, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Dorel Plopeanu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Pathology, ANAPATMOL Research Center, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.,Anatomic Pathology Service, 'Pius Brînzeu' County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Robert Alexandru Barna
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Pathology, ANAPATMOL Research Center, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine II-Discipline of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marioara Cornianu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Pathology, ANAPATMOL Research Center, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca-Ariana Pascu
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Discipline of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alis Liliana Carmen Dema
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Pathology, ANAPATMOL Research Center, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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24
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Alabraba E, Pritchard DM, Griffin R, Diaz-Nieto R, Banks M, Cuthbertson DJ, Fenwick S. Appendiceal goblet cell carcinomas have poor survival despite completion surgery. Endocrine 2021; 73:734-744. [PMID: 33891259 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Appendiceal goblet cell carcinomas (aGCCs) are rare but aggressive tumours associated with significant mortality. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of aGCC patients treated at our tertiary referral centre. METHODS We analysed aGCC patients, diagnosed between 1990-2016, assessing the impact of completion surgery and tumour factors on survival. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS We identified 41 patients (23 F, 18 M); median age 61 (range 27-79) years. Mean tumour size was 10.5 (range 0.5-50) mm; most tumours were located in the appendiceal tip (n = 18, 45%). Appendicectomy was the index surgery in 32 patients, 24 of whom subsequently underwent completion surgery at median 3 (range 1.3-13.3) months later. Histology from completion surgery showed residual disease in 8 patients: nodal disease (n = 2) or residual tumour (n = 6). Index surgery for the rest was either colectomy (n = 7) or cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) (n = 1). Index and completion surgery had 0% mortality and 2.5% morbidity. Overall and recurrence-free survival were not significantly affected by tumour grade or completion surgery. Disease recurred in 9 patients after a median follow-up of 57.0 (4.6-114.9) months; 7 of these patients died during follow-up. Recurrences were treated with CRS-HIPEC (n = 1), palliative chemotherapy (n = 3) or supportive care (n = 5). Five- and ten- year overall survival were 85.3% and 62.3% respectively; 5-year and 10-year recurrence-free survival were 73.6% and 50.6%. CONCLUSION The prognosis of aGCCs remains relatively poor. Completion surgery did not prevent recurrence or improve survival, but this needs to be verified with a larger patient cohort. The high mortality associated with tumour recurrence questions current treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Alabraba
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - David Mark Pritchard
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Griffin
- Liverpool Clinical and Cancer Research UK Trials Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Diaz-Nieto
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Banks
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel James Cuthbertson
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Fenwick
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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25
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Kowalsky SJ, Nassour I, AlMasri S, Paniccia A, Zureikat AH, Choudry HA, Pingpank JF. Omission of Right Hemicolectomy May be Safe for Some Appendiceal Goblet Cell Adenocarcinomas: A Survival Analysis of the National Cancer Database. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:8916-8925. [PMID: 34409541 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinomas (GCC) are rare tumors with clinical behavior between classic carcinoids and adenocarcinomas. Current guidelines recommend right hemicolectomy for all GCCs. PATIENTS AND METHODS The National Cancer Database was retrospectively queried for appendiceal GCCs undergoing appendectomy or right hemicolectomy between 2004 and 2016. Demographics, tumor characteristics, and post-operative outcomes were collected. The primary outcome was overall survival, which was examined by surgical type and tumor T stage. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to identify predictors of survival. RESULTS In total, 1083 GCCs were included, and 81.8% underwent right hemicolectomy. Mean age was 57 years, and 89% were White. Patients undergoing hemicolectomy had higher T-stage tumors (66.6%/14.4% T3/T4 vs. 55.8%/8.1%, p < 0.001). Lymph node positivity increased with T stage (1.1%, 2.1%, 9.9%, and 29.1% for T1-T4). GCCs undergoing colectomy were more frequently moderately or poorly differentiated (16.7%/9.0% vs. 12.2%/6.6%, p = 0.011). Appendectomy surgical margins were positive in 17.3% (3.4% hemicolectomy, p < 0.001). In T3/T4 tumors, a significant survival benefit at 5 years was observed in patients undergoing colectomy as compared with appendectomy (85.4% vs. 82.0%, p = 0.028). On multivariate analysis, lymph node positivity markedly decreased survival overall for the entire cohort (HR 7.58, p < 0.001) and for T3/T4 tumors (HR 7.63, p < 0.001). In patients with T3/T4 tumors, there was a trend towards improved survival with right hemicolectomy (HR 0.42, p = 0.068). CONCLUSION Omitting right hemicolectomy can be considered for select T1/T2 appendiceal GCCs with negative appendectomy margins, given low rates of lymph node metastases and lack of survival benefit with right hemicolectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy J Kowalsky
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ibrahim Nassour
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samer AlMasri
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Paniccia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amer H Zureikat
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haroon A Choudry
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James F Pingpank
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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26
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Assarzadegan N, Montgomery E. What is New in the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System: Review of Selected Updates on Neuroendocrine Neoplasms, Appendiceal Tumors, and Molecular Testing. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 145:664-677. [PMID: 32233993 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0665-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— The 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of digestive system tumors discusses several advancements and developments in understanding the etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of several digestive tract tumors. OBJECTIVE.— To provide a summary of the updates with a focus on neuroendocrine neoplasms, appendiceal tumors, and the molecular advances in tumors of the digestive system. DATA SOURCES.— English literature and personal experiences. CONCLUSIONS.— Some of the particularly important updates in the 5th edition are the alterations made in the classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms, understanding of pathogenesis of appendiceal tumors and their precursor lesions, and the expanded role of molecular pathology in establishing an accurate diagnosis or predicting prognosis and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naziheh Assarzadegan
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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27
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Ceelen W, De Man M, Willaert W, van Ramshorst GH, Geboes K, Hoorens A. Incidentally found mucinous epithelial tumors of the appendix with or without pseudomyxoma peritonei: diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms based on current evidence. Acta Chir Belg 2021; 121:225-234. [PMID: 33904809 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2021.1894734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mucinous appendiceal tumors with or without the pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) syndrome are rare, but often present as an incidental finding. The confusing histology and lack of large prospective trials result in a considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in these patients. We propose treatment algorithms in patients with incidentally found mucinous epithelial appendiceal tumors, with or without PMP, based on the currently available evidence. The therapeutic approach should take into account the histology and grade of the primary appendix tumor, as well as those of the associated peritoneal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Ceelen
- Department ofGI Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc De Man
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Willaert
- Department ofGI Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Karen Geboes
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Hoorens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Minhas A, Hendrickson J, Minhas SA. Frequency and Risk Factors for Metastasis in Newly Diagnosed Appendiceal Carcinoma. Cureus 2021; 13:e16341. [PMID: 34395124 PMCID: PMC8357020 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Appendiceal carcinoma has an insidious clinical presentation, and these tumors are rarely suspected prior to surgery, potentially leading to late diagnosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of metastatic disease at initial presentation and potentially associated sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology-3 (ICD-O-3) histology/behavior codes between 2010 and 2015. Firth logistic regression was performed to determine the association of metastasis at presentation with tumor subtype, adjusted for age, race, sex, insurance and marital status, tumor grade, and tumor and nodal stage using the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. Results We identified a total of 3,447 patients with known metastatic status. A total of 38.4% had metastatic disease at diagnosis. Compared to colonic-type adenocarcinoma (CA), mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) and signet ring cell carcinoma (SC) were more likely to present with metastasis at diagnosis (OR: 2.34; 95% CI [1.80- 3.06]; OR: 1.93 [1.29-2.89], respectively), however, goblet cell carcinoma (GC) was less likely (OR: 0.59 [0.36-0.93]). Compared to tumors invading the submucosa (T1 stage), tumors invading deeper through the visceral peritoneum or nearby organs (T4 stage) were significantly more likely to present with metastatic disease (OR: 3.46 [2.24-5.51]). Tumors invading the muscularis propria (T2 stage) or deeper into the subserosa, or the mesoappendix (T3 stage) were less likely to present with metastatic disease (OR: 0.34 [0.16-0.71]); OR: 0.55 [0.34-0.91], respectively). Compared to no regional lymph node spread, four or more regional lymph node involvement (N2 stage) was more likely to present with metastatic disease (OR: 2.19 [1.53-3.16]). Men were less likely to present with metastatic disease (OR: 0.60 [0.48-0.73]). A total of 90.1% of CA, 84.2% of GC, 42.2% of MA, and 78.5% of SC patients with metastasis at diagnosis had extraperitoneal distant metastasis (M1b). Conclusions A significant proportion of patients with newly diagnosed appendiceal carcinoma presented with metastatic disease, concerning substantial diagnostic delay and potentiating the need for aggressive treatments. Predictors of metastatic disease included female sex, histologic subtype, and significant regional lymph node involvement. Future research should focus on earlier detection and explore tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Minhas
- Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University's Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, USA
| | - JeanMarie Hendrickson
- Mathematics and Statistics, East Tennessee State University's Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, USA
| | - Sohail A Minhas
- Hematology/Oncology, Baptist Memorial Hospital-Memphis, Memphis, USA
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29
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Kang DW, Kim BH, Kim JM, Kim J, Chang HJ, Chang MS, Sohn JH, Cho MY, Jin SY, Chang HK, Han HS, Kim JY, Kim HS, Park DY, Park HY, Lee SJ, Lee W, Lee HS, Kang YN, Choi Y. Standardization of the pathologic diagnosis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. J Pathol Transl Med 2021; 55:247-264. [PMID: 34233112 PMCID: PMC8353140 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2021.05.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the understanding of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) and their relationship with disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease have advanced, the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of AMNs are still confusing for pathologists and clinicians. The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists (GPSG-KSP) proposed a multicenter study and held a workshop for the “Standardization of the Pathologic Diagnosis of the Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm” to overcome the controversy and potential conflicts. The present article is focused on the diagnostic criteria, terminologies, tumor grading, pathologic staging, biologic behavior, treatment, and prognosis of AMNs and disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease. In addition, GPSG-KSP proposes a checklist of standard data elements of appendiceal epithelial neoplasms to standardize pathologic diagnosis. We hope the present article will provide pathologists with updated knowledge on how to handle and diagnose AMNs and disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Kang
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Baek-Hui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jihun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chang
- Department of Pathology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Sohn
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee-Yon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - So-Young Jin
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Chang
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Han
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology, St. Maria Pathology, Busan, Korea
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Wonae Lee
- Department of Pathology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Na Kang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Younghee Choi
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
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30
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Pérez Montiel CA, Murillo Salas MA, Redondo Bermúdez C. Appendiceal globet cell adenocarcinoma: a rare cause of acute appendicitis. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2021; 113:799-800. [PMID: 34154370 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2021.8056/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of a 70-year-old man who consulted for abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and signs of peritoneal irritation. Histopathology showed goblet-like cells organized in nests, without tubules, with transmural infiltration. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for synaptophysin and chromogranin, diagnosing grade 3 goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCA).
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31
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Webb C, Chang YH, Pockaj BA, Gray RJ, Stucky CC, Wasif N. Lymph node positivity and association with long-term survival for different histologies of appendiceal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2021; 124:88-96. [PMID: 33902156 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appendiceal cancers represent a diverse group of malignancies with varying biological behavior. The significance of lymph node metastases in relation to long-term survival and chemotherapy response is poorly defined. METHODS The National Cancer Database was queried to find patients diagnosed with appendiceal cancer from 1998 to 2012. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to study the association between lymph node status and overall survival. Stage IV patients were excluded. RESULTS The rate of nodal positivity of the 9841 patients with known node status was: signet ring 47.4%, carcinoid 42.3%, nonmucinous adenocarcinoma 28.8%, goblet cell 21.9%, and mucinous adenocarcinoma 20.4%. Node-positive patients had worse long-term survival for all subtypes with the exception of carcinoid tumors (p < 0.001). The strongest association was for signet cell and goblet cell. Adjuvant chemotherapy in node-positive patients improved survival for mucinous, nonmucinous, and signet ring cell histology (p < 0.01), but not for goblet cell. CONCLUSIONS Nodal involvement in patients with appendiceal cancer varies in incidence, association with adverse survival, and response to systemic therapy. Individualized treatment algorithms for the management of the subtypes of appendiceal cancer are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Webb
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA
| | - Yu-Hui Chang
- Department of Surgery, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Surgical Outcomes Program, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA
| | - Barbara A Pockaj
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA
| | - Richard J Gray
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA
| | - Chee-Chee Stucky
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA
| | - Nabil Wasif
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA
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Abstract
Pathology is central to the management of peritoneal surface malignancy. This article highlights some recent advances that have had an impact on patient management or could do so in the near future. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, particularly the epithelioid subtype, is amenable to radical therapy in selected cases, and factors such as ki67 proliferation index, expression of BAP1 and mutation in CDKN2A show promise as prognostic indicators. Our understanding of multicystic mesothelioma has improved in recent years; it is a true neoplasm for which surgery may be indicated. Serous carcinomas involving the peritoneum are now known to originate from tubal epithelium. They are of two distinct types, high grade and low grade, which are now recognized as different neoplasms with distinctive features, oncogenesis and behavior. Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an unusual condition that usually arises from an appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. Recent consensus in the classification and nomenclature of these lesions is discussed, including the distinction between low grade and high grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (HAMN), and the diagnostic criteria for appendiceal adenocarcinoma. PMP is divided into four prognostic groups: acellular mucin, low grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei, high grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei, and high grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei with signet ring cells. The pseudomyxoma microbiome is a promising area for clinical intervention but has been the subject of little research activity. Goblet cell adenocarcinoma (previously known as 'goblet cell carcinoid') is a distinctive type of appendiceal adenocarcinoma. Its behavior correlates with histologic features, but no general consensus for classification has been reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman John Carr
- Peritoneal Malignancy Institute, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, UK
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33
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Hoehn RS, Rieser CJ, Choudry MH, Melnitchouk N, Hechtman J, Bahary N. Current Management of Appendiceal Neoplasms. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 41:1-15. [PMID: 33770459 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_321009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Appendiceal neoplasms include a heterogeneous group of epithelial and nonepithelial tumors that exhibit varying malignant potential. This review article summarizes current diagnostic criteria, classification systems, and optimal therapeutic strategies for the five main histopathologic subtypes of appendiceal neoplasms. In particular, the management of epithelial appendiceal neoplasms has evolved. Although their treatment has historically been extrapolated from colon cancer, improved understanding of their unique histopathologic and molecular characteristics and a growing body of published clinical data support a more nuanced approach to their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Hoehn
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Caroline J Rieser
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M Haroon Choudry
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nelya Melnitchouk
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jaclyn Hechtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nathan Bahary
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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34
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Sigley K, Franklin M, Welch S. Appendiceal Goblet Cell Adenocarcinoma Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2021; 13:e13511. [PMID: 33786220 PMCID: PMC7992912 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute appendicitis is a common presentation to the emergency department. The common pathogenesis thereof relates to obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by an appendicolith, which leads to an increase in intraluminal and intramural pressure. This is followed by distension of the appendix, subsequent small vessel occlusion and lymphatic stasis, and appendiceal wall ischemia and necrosis, eventually leading to rupture if not treated. Occasionally tumors at the base of the appendix can lead to appendicitis via the same process as an appendicolith. Goblet cell adenocarcinoma (alternatively named goblet cell carcinoid) is amongst the most rare appendiceal tumors, with a reported incidence rate of 0.05 cases per 100,000 population per year in the United States. These tumors contain features of both neuroendocrine tumors as well as adenocarcinomas, but behave more similarly to adenocarcinomas. Consensus regarding management of these tumors is lacking, likely due to the rarity of the disease. In this paper, we present a case of appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma causing appendicitis and review the literature regarding these rare epithelial tumors.
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35
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Mikaeel RR, Young JP, Tapia Rico G, Hewett PJ, Hardingham JE, Uylaki W, Horsnell M, Price TJ. Immunohistochemistry features and molecular pathology of appendiceal neoplasms. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2021; 58:369-384. [PMID: 33569997 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2021.1881756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary appendiceal neoplasms (ANs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors. The pathology and classification of ANs have been controversial, and thus, a new classification of these neoplasms was published in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors (5th edition, 2019). However, immunohistochemistry (IHC) features of epithelial ANs are not explained in this edition and the limited data on the molecular pathology of these tumors shows inconsistent findings in various studies. It would be useful to identify biomarkers appropriate for each subtype to better aid in treatment selection. Therefore, we reviewed the literature to investigate what is known of the molecular pathology and IHC features of the most frequently diagnosed pathological subtypes of epithelial ANs based on the recent classification. The inconsistencies in research findings regarding the IHC features and molecular pathology of ANs could be due to differences in the number of samples and their collection and preparation as well as to the lack of a universally accepted classification system for these neoplasms. However, the literature shows that epithelial ANs typically stain positive for MUC2, CK20, and CDX2 and that the expression of SATB2 protein could be used as a biomarker for appendix tumor origin. Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms tend to have mutations in KRAS and GNAS but are usually wild-type for BRAF, APC, and P53. Conversely, appendiceal adenocarcinomas are frequently found with mutations in KRAS, GNAS, P53, PIK3CA, and APC, and have significant nuclear expression of β-catenin, loss of nuclear or nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of SMAD4, and loss of cytoplasmic membranous expression of E-cadherin. Goblet cell carcinomas (GCCs) typically stain positive for keratin and mucin markers and are frequently mutated in P53 and chromatin-modifier genes, but they tend to be wild-type for KRAS, GNAS, APC, and PIK3CA. The expression of CK7 and SATB2 proteins is usually negative in appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms and they lack the mutations in common cancer-associated genes including APC, BRAF, SMAD4, and PIK3C. The available data suggest that GCCs have distinct molecular and immunohistochemical features and that they have characteristics more in common with adenocarcinoma than classical neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, MSI does not seem to have a role in the pathogenesis of epithelial ANs because they are rarely detected in these tumors. Finally, hereditary predisposition may have a role in the development of ANs because heterozygous CTNNβ1, NOTCH1, and NOTCH4 germline mutations have recently been identified in low and high grades ANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reger R Mikaeel
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,SAHMRI Colorectal Node, Basil Hetzel Institute, Woodville South, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan
| | - Joanne P Young
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,SAHMRI Colorectal Node, Basil Hetzel Institute, Woodville South, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Tapia Rico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter J Hewett
- University of Adelaide Department of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jennifer E Hardingham
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,SAHMRI Colorectal Node, Basil Hetzel Institute, Woodville South, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Wendy Uylaki
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mehgan Horsnell
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy J Price
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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36
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Appendiceal tumors with glandular and neuroendocrine features exhibiting peritoneal metastases - Critical evaluation of outcome following cytoreductive surgery with perioperative chemotherapy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:1278-1285. [PMID: 33500181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rare appendiceal malignancy is characterized by both glandular and neuroendocrine histology. It often presents with dissemination of the perforated tumor to peritoneal surfaces. Current treatments involve systemic chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. METHODS The impact of clinical, histological and treatment-related characteristics on survival were evaluated and subjected to univariate statistical analyses. All patients had stage IV disease and were treated by a uniform treatment strategy. Survival was determined from onset of disease until death or most recent follow-up. RESULTS There were 47 patients available for study of whom 17 were male. Median age was 48 with a range of 27-65. None or a single symptom vs. 2 or more symptoms had a significant effect on survival. Median survival of the entire cohort was 45 months and 34.88% and 8.72% of patients survived 5 and 10 years, respectively. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed no impact on survival. Patients with a peritoneal cancer index (PCI) of 0-20 as compared to PCI > 20 survived longer (p = 0.012). The survival of patients able to have a complete resection as compared to an incomplete resection of disease was significant (p = 0.0087). The type of perioperative chemotherapy did not alter survival. CONCLUSIONS These data show that patients with a lesser extent of disease with a complete cytoreduction had an improved prognosis. No benefit from systemic or perioperative regional chemotherapy was apparent. With long-term follow-up, patients with the combined glandular and neuroendocrine histology exhibiting peritoneal metastases have a guarded prognosis.
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37
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Ahadi M, Sokolova A, Brown I, Chou A, Gill AJ. The 2019 World Health Organization Classification of appendiceal, colorectal and anal canal tumours: an update and critical assessment. Pathology 2021; 53:454-461. [PMID: 33461799 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The recently published 5th edition 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System brings significant changes from the 2010 4th edition. An emphasis on uniformity in nomenclature and grading for tumours across all organ systems is a particular feature of the 5th edition blue book series that is reflected in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) classification. For example, simplified two tiered grading is reinforced for preinvasive lesions throughout the GIT, with dysplasia at all sites now being considered either low or high grade. Similarly, a uniform approach to classification and grading of GIT neuroendocrine neoplasms has been consolidated, with an emphasis on distinguishing grade 3 neuroendocrine tumours from neuroendocrine carcinomas. In this review, we discuss and critically assess the important and sometimes controversial changes made to the classification of tumours of the lower GIT, comprising the colorectum, vermiform appendix and anal canal. The particularly controversial decision to endorse the term 'sessile serrated lesion' for lesions previously termed 'sessile serrated polyp/adenoma' is explored. The morphological, molecular, and clinical insights behind the substitution of the term 'goblet cell adenocarcinoma' for 'goblet cell carcinoid' are assessed. The evolution of the classification of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms is considered. Inflammatory bowel disease related dysplasia and its evolving subtypes, with major implications for pathologists in routine practice, is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ahadi
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anna Sokolova
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Ian Brown
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Envoi Pathology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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38
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A Case of Appendiceal Goblet Cell Carcinoid Tumor: Getting it right under the Microscope. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2021; 35:102-104. [PMID: 33442175 PMCID: PMC7784227 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.035.01.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) is a rare neoplasm of the vermiform appendix and can be mistaken as a typical neuroendocrine tumour (TNET). The natural history of this disease is more aggressive compared to TNETs and requires a more aggressive approach. We report a case of a 37-year-old male who was initially diagnosed with TNET, but subsequently revised as Tang's A GCC. He underwent appendectomy and right hemicolectomy. Aside from a persistently elevated carcinoembyrogenic antigen (CEA) result, his 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT and a 68-Gallium DOTATATE PET/CT scan showed no FDG or DOTATATE avid lesions.
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39
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AlMasri S, Paniccia A. ASO Author Reflections: Impact of Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Right Hemicolectomy for Appendiceal Goblet Cell Carcinoid. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:3882-3883. [PMID: 33389287 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samer AlMasri
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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40
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Zakka K, Williamson S, Jiang R, Reid MD, Alese OB, Shaib WL, Wu C, Behera M, El-Rayes BF, Akce M. Is adjuvant chemotherapy beneficial for stage II-III goblet cell carcinoid/goblet cell adenocarcinoma of the appendix? Surg Oncol 2020; 36:120-129. [PMID: 33360118 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC), formerly known as goblet cell carcinoid, of the appendix constitutes less than 14% of all primary appendiceal neoplasms. Surgical resection is the main treatment and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is not established. This study aims to evaluate the impact of AC in stage II-III appendiceal GCC. METHODS Patients with pathological stage II and III GCC who underwent surgical resection between 2006 and 2015 were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) using ICD-O-3 morphology and topography codes: 8243/3 (goblet cell carcinoid) and C18.1. Patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic and/or radiation therapy and adjuvant radiation were excluded. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted, and Kaplan-Meier Curves were used to compare overall survival (OS) based on treatment received with Log-rank test. RESULTS A total of 619 patients were identified. 54.4% males and 89.0% Caucasian; median age 56 (range, 23-90) years. Distribution across pathological stages II-III was 82.7% (N = 512) and 17.3% (N = 107) respectively. AC was administered in 9.4% (N = 48) of stage II and 47.7% (N = 51) of stage III patients. For stage II patients, AC was not associated with better OS in univariate (HR 0.32; 95% CI 0.04-2.34; p = 0.261) or multivariable analyses (HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.04-2.12; p = 0.221). By contrast, in stage III patients, AC was associated with better OS in univariate (HR 0.35; 95% CI 0.17-0.71; p = 0.004) and multivariable analyses (HR 0.25; 95% CI 0.07-0.88; p = 0.031). In the entire cohort 5-year OS for patients that received AC was 85.5% (74.0%, 92.1%) versus 82.7% (77.5%, 86.8%) (p = 0.801) with no AC. For stage II patients, 5-year OS was 96.9% with AC vs. 89.1% with no AC (p = 0.236). For stage III patients, 5-year OS was 77.1% with AC vs. 42.8% with no AC (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION AC was associated with improved OS in patients with pathological stage III GCC of the appendix, but not with pathological stage II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Zakka
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shayla Williamson
- Winship Research Informatics, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Renjian Jiang
- Winship Research Informatics, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michelle D Reid
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Olatunji B Alese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Walid L Shaib
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina Wu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madhusmita Behera
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Research Informatics, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mehmet Akce
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Saito M, Asanuma K, Hatta W, Koike T, Hata T, Fujishima F, Furukawa T, Unno M, Masamune A. Duodenal Obstruction Caused by the Long-term Recurrence of Appendiceal Goblet Cell Carcinoid. Intern Med 2020; 59:3001-3007. [PMID: 32759580 PMCID: PMC7759692 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4548-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A 38-year-old Japanese man who had been diagnosed with appendiceal carcinoid and undergone ileocecal resection 8 years before presented with duodenal obstruction caused by a submucosal tumor-like appearance. He was diagnosed with long-term recurrence of appendiceal goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) with a multi-morphological pattern based on the histological assessment of a duodenal biopsy and his previously resected appendix. He underwent subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with resection of an ileo-colic anastomotic lesion. The GCC recurred at the nearby ileo-colic anastomosis and invaded the duodenum. This late recurrence might have resulted from the unique features of his GCC, which contained cells with different degrees of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Saito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Asanuma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hata
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Fujishima
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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AlMasri S, Nassour I, Kowalsky SJ, Hrebinko K, Singhi AD, Lee KK, Choudry HA, Bartlett D, Zureikat A, Paniccia A. The Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Non-Metastatic Goblet Cell Carcinoid of the Appendix: An 11-Year Experience from the National Cancer Database. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:3873-3881. [PMID: 33231767 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Goblet cell carcinoids (GCC) are an aggressive, albeit rare, subtype of appendiceal tumors that exhibit distinct histologic features and lack clear treatment guidelines. We aimed to ascertain the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for GCC in a national cohort of patients. METHODS Patients who underwent a right hemicolectomy for stage I-III GCC of the appendix between 2006 and 2016 were selected from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Stratification based on AC receipt was performed. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to identify predictors of overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 867 patients were identified, of whom 124 (14%) received AC. Patients in the AC group were significantly younger (54 vs. 57 years; p = 0.006) and were predominantly of male sex (60 vs. 48%; p = 0.012). On histopathology, patients in the AC group had a higher proportion of poorly/undifferentiated grade (27 vs. 5%; p < 0.001), T4 disease (35 vs. 11%; p < 0.001), and lymph node-positive disease (45 vs. 7%; p < 0.001) than patients who did not receive AC. After excluding patients diagnosed in 2016 due to a lack of follow-up data (n = 162), a survival advantage for the AC group was detected only after stratification for lymph node-positive disease (p = 0.007). On Cox proportional hazard regression, AC demonstrated an independent association with improved OS (hazard ratio 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.084-0.683; p = 0.007). CONCLUSION The current analysis from the NCDB supports the role of AC for GCC of the appendix, chiefly for patients with lymph node metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer AlMasri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ibrahim Nassour
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy J Kowalsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine Hrebinko
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth K Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haroon A Choudry
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amer Zureikat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Paniccia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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43
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Nakamoto H, Yokota R, Namba H, Ishikawa T, Yamada K, Hosoda M, Taguchi K. A Benign Appendiceal-Colonic Fistula, Diagnosed and Managed Laparoscopically: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e925946. [PMID: 33162549 PMCID: PMC7666437 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.925946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment methods for appendiceal-colonic fistulas differ greatly depending on whether lesions are benign or malignant. If the tumor is malignant, appendectomy with lymph node resection (ileocecal resection or right hemicolectomy) should be performed. There is no consensus on the method of surgery for organs infiltrated by appendiceal cancer. Furthermore, there are no reported laparoscopic cases that could be prevented from over-surgery by laparoscopy examination or rapid intraoperative pathological examination. CASE REPORT A 76-year-old man presented with positive fecal occult blood. Lower endoscopy revealed a 10-mm tumor in the rectosigmoid colon accompanied by white moss. A biopsy showed inflammatory granulation and no malignancy. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography showed highly increased accumulation at the tip of the appendix, and the standardized uptake value max was 7.3. We suspected a benign lesion rather than appendiceal cancer with infiltration into the rectosigmoid colon; therefore, we performed laparoscopic appendectomy and wedge-shaped resection of the rectum of the sigmoid colon. An intraoperative rapid pathological examination showed no appearance of malignancy; therefore, additional resection was omitted, and an ileostomy was created in the right lower quadrant. A permanent pathological examination showed complicated appendicitis, with no appearance of malignancy. The ileostomy was closed on postoperative day 25, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 32. CONCLUSIONS In cases where there is difficulty in identifying whether the appendiceal-colonic fistula lesion is benign or malignant, laparoscopy and intraoperative rapid pathological examination may be useful in avoiding excessive treatment.
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Arai H, Baca Y, Battaglin F, Kawanishi N, Wang J, Soni S, Zhang W, Millstein J, Johnston C, Goldberg RM, Philip PA, Seeber A, Xiu J, Hwang JJ, Shields AF, Marshall JL, Korn WM, Lenz HJ. Molecular Characterization of Appendiceal Goblet Cell Carcinoid. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2634-2640. [PMID: 33037134 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) is a distinct subtype of appendiceal neoplasm that exhibits unique clinical and pathologic features. We aimed to reveal the molecular profiles of GCC compared with other appendiceal tumors, such as adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors. A total of 495 appendiceal tumor samples (53 GCCs, 428 adenocarcinomas, and 14 neuroendocrine tumors) were tested with next-generation sequencing (NGS) on a 592-gene panel and IHC. Microsatellite instability (MSI)/mismatch repair (MMR) status was tested with a combination of NGS, IHC, and fragment analyses. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was evaluated by NGS, and PD-L1 expression was tested by IHC (SP142). The most prevalent mutated genes within GCCs were TP53 (24.0%), ARID1A (15.4%), SMAD4 (9.4%), and KRAS (7.5%). Pathway-specific alterations were dominantly observed in cell cycle, MAPK, epigenetic, and TGFβ signaling pathways. GCCs as compared with adenocarcinomas exhibited significantly lower mutation rates in KRAS, GNAS, and APC, and significantly higher mutation rates in CDH1, CHEK2, CDC73, ERCC2, and FGFR2 GCCs as compared with neuroendocrine tumors showed significantly lower mutation rates in KRAS, APC, BRCA2, and FANCA In GCCs, MSI high/MMR deficient, TMB high (≥17 mutations/Mb), and PD-L1 expression were seen in 0.0%, 0.0%, and 2.0% of tumors, respectively. No significant differences were observed in any immunotherapy-related markers examined when compared with adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors. In conclusion, GCCs had considerably distinct mutational profiles compared with appendiceal adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors. Understanding these molecular characteristics may be critical for the development of novel and more effective treatment strategies for GCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Francesca Battaglin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Natsuko Kawanishi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shivani Soni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joshua Millstein
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Jimmy J Hwang
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - John L Marshall
- Ruesch Center for The Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | | | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Kato J, Maruta A, Shirakami Y, Mizutani T, Ozawa N, Ideta T, Takada J, Kubota M, Sakai H, Ibuka T, Araki H, Shimizu M. Advanced appendiceal goblet cell carcinoids with intestinal obstruction: two case reports. Clin J Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1205-1212. [PMID: 32989687 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-020-01232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A goblet cell carcinoid is quite rare and has features, wherein, a carcinoid-like image and an adenocarcinoma-like image coexist. We encountered two cases of rare goblet cell carcinoid originating in the appendix. Case 1 is that of a 48-year-old man with a chief complaint of abdominal distension and case 2 is that of a 64-year-old woman with a chief complaint of constipation. At the time of diagnosis, both cases had already metastasized to the peritoneum and other organs, and no radical surgical treatment could be administered in either case. Chemotherapies were performed according to the regimen for colon cancer, and they were effective to a certain extent. During the course of treatment, however, both cases developed intestinal obstruction, presumably due to peritoneal dissemination, which led to worse condition and death several months afterwards. Chemotherapy for goblet cell carcinoids has not yet reached a consensus, and further studies and establishment of therapeutic strategy are desired in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akinori Maruta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Taku Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ozawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takayasu Ideta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Jun Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takashi Ibuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Araki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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46
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Shyu S, Choudry H, Hall L, Pingpank J, Holtzman M, Bartlett D, Pai RK. Clinicopathological analysis of appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma with peritoneal metastasis: World Health Organization grade predicts survival following cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Histopathology 2020; 77:798-809. [PMID: 32557796 DOI: 10.1111/his.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Peritoneal spread is the most common route of metastasis in appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of the World Health Organization (WHO) 5th edition grading criteria in peritoneal metastases of goblet cell adenocarcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the clinicopathological features and survival of 63 patients with peritoneal metastasis of goblet cell adenocarcinoma who underwent cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (CRS-HIPEC), stratified according to the WHO 5th edition and the Tang et al. grading schemes. The patients were also compared with 120 patients with peritoneal metastasis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasia. Most (73%) peritoneal metastases of goblet cell adenocarcinoma were WHO Grade 3 (G3), there being fewer cases of Grade 2 (G2) (16%) and Grade 1 (G1) (11%) disease. No significant differences in overall survival were observed between WHO G1 and G2 tumours or between the three Tang grades. In the multivariable model of survival, WHO G3 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-7.70] and the presence of >50% extracellular mucin (HR 2.30, 95% CI 1.09-4.88) were associated with reduced overall survival for patients with goblet cell adenocarcinoma. As compared with patients with peritoneal metastasis of mucinous neoplasia, patients with goblet cell adenocarcinoma had significantly reduced survival (median overall survival of 37 months versus 102 months, P < 0.001), which was attributed to the reduced survival of patients with G1/G2 goblet cell adenocarcinoma as compared with patients with G1 mucinous neoplasia (median survival of 98 months versus 204 months, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Grade of peritoneal goblet cell adenocarcinoma determined according to the WHO 5th edition criteria is a clinically relevant measure that independently predicts survival in patients treated with CRS-HIPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Shyu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haroon Choudry
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Hall
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James Pingpank
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Holtzman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Bartlett
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Reetesh K Pai
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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47
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Berger Y, Schuitevoerder D, Vining CC, Alpert L, Fenton E, Hindi E, Liao CY, Shergill A, Catenacci DVT, Polite BN, Eng OS, Turaga KK. Novel Application of Iterative Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Unresectable Peritoneal Metastases from High-Grade Appendiceal Ex-Goblet Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:1777-1785. [PMID: 32892267 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal metastases (PMs) from appendiceal ex-goblet adenocarcinoma (AEGA) are associated with a poor prognosis. While cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been shown to prolong survival, the majority of patients are ineligible for complete cytoreduction. We describe a novel approach to the management of such patients with iterative HIPEC (IHIPEC). METHODS Patients with signet ring/poorly differentiated AEGA with high Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) and extensive bowel involvement underwent IHIPEC with mitomycin C at 6-week intervals for a total of three cycles. Survival outcomes for these patients were compared with patients with high-grade appendiceal tumors matched for tumor burden who were treated with other conventional approaches, i.e. systemic chemotherapy only (SCO) or complete CRS + HIPEC. RESULTS Between 2016 and 2019, seven AEGA patients with high PCI (median 32.5 [range 21-36]) underwent 18 IHIPEC cycles (median cycles per patient 3 [2-3]) in combination with systemic chemotherapy (median 2 lines [1-3], 12 cycles [10-28]). IHIPEC was delivered laparoscopically in 14/18 cases. Postoperatively, the median length of stay was 1 day (1-8 days), no procedure-related complications were reported, and five (28%) 90-day readmissions for bowel obstruction were documented. Median overall survival after IHIPEC was better compared with a matched group of patients (n = 16) receiving SCO (24.6 vs. 7.9 months; p = 0.005), and similar to those (n = 7) who underwent CRS + HIPEC (24.6 vs. 16.5 months; p = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS IHIPEC in combination with systemic chemotherapy is tolerable, safe, and may be associated with encouraging survival outcomes compared with SCO in selected patients with high-grade, high-burden AEGA PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Berger
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Charles C Vining
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay Alpert
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily Fenton
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Enal Hindi
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chih-Yi Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ardaman Shergill
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Blase N Polite
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oliver S Eng
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kiran K Turaga
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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48
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Sluiter NR, van der Bilt JD, Croll DMR, Vriens MR, de Hingh IHJT, Hemmer P, Aalbers AGJ, Bremers AJA, Ceelen W, D'Hoore A, Schoonmade LJ, Coupé V, Verheul H, Kazemier G, Tuynman JB. Cytoreduction and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) Versus Surgery Without HIPEC for Goblet-Cell Carcinoids and Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinomas: Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Centers in the Netherlands and Belgium. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2020; 19:e87-e99. [PMID: 32651131 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for patients with peritoneally metastasized goblet-cell carcinoids (GCCs) and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) is currently unclear. We compared outcomes of CRS-HIPEC to surgery alone for peritoneally metastasized GCCs and MANECs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two cohorts were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (n = 569): patients with peritoneally metastasized GCCs and MANECs treated with CRS-HIPEC in Dutch and Belgian centers (n = 45), and patients treated with surgery alone. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were morbidity and hospital mortality. After propensity score matching, OS was compared in univariate and multivariate analyses. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines from database inception to June 25, 2018. RESULTS After matching for sex, tumor stage, lymph node stage, and liver metastases, CRS-HIPEC was associated with improved median OS in the combined GCC and MANEC group and the separate GCC subgroup in univariate (GCC + MANEC: 39 vs. 12 months, P < .001; GCC: 39 vs. 12 months, P = .017) and multivariate analysis (GCC + MANEC: hazard ratio 4.27, 95% confidence interval 1.88-9.66, P = .001; GCC: hazard ratio 2.77, 95% confidence interval 1.06-7.26, P = .038). Acceptable grade III-IV morbidity (17.5%) and mortality (0) were seen after CRS-HIPEC. The literature review supported these findings. CONCLUSION CRS-HIPEC is associated with substantial survival benefit in patients with peritoneally metastasized GCCs and MANECs compared to surgery alone and is a safe treatment option. These data support centralized care of GCC and MANEC patients with peritoneal spread in expert centers offering CRS-HIPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina R Sluiter
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Dorothée M R Croll
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Menno R Vriens
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick Hemmer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend G J Aalbers
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas J A Bremers
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Andre D'Hoore
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Linda J Schoonmade
- Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan B Tuynman
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Jimenez DS, Mentzer CJ, Mount MG, Orr RK, Thurston BC. Goblet Cell Carcinoid Tumors During Emergent General Surgery. Am Surg 2020; 86:1584-1585. [PMID: 32841045 DOI: 10.1177/0003134820940263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis S Jimenez
- Department of Surgery, Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Caleb J Mentzer
- Department of Surgery, Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Michael G Mount
- Department of Surgery, Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Richard K Orr
- Department of Surgery, Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Brian C Thurston
- Department of Surgery, Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, Spartanburg, SC, USA
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50
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Comparative study of mucinous and non-mucinous appendiceal neoplasms with peritoneal dissemination treated by cyoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 47:1132-1139. [PMID: 33280949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appendiceal non-mucinous neoplasms (AnMN) are rare and poorly understood malignancies with no standard treatment. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) is largely used to treat peritoneal disseminations from appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN), but its role with AnMN is unclear. METHODS A prospective database of 315 patients with advanced appendiceal primaries undergoing CRS/HIPEC during 1996-2020 was reviewed. Baseline characteristics, operative and long-term outcomes of AnMN were compared with those of AMN. AMN were categorized according to PSOGI classification into high-grade, low-grade, and acellular mucin (AC), based on peritoneal disease histology. RESULTS Twenty-three patients (7.3%) with goblet cell carcinoma (GCC; n = 9), intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC; n = 12), and mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC; n = 2) were identified. AnMN patients were more likely to be males (P = 0.006), have preoperative systemic chemotherapy (P = 0.001), grossly incomplete CRS (P = 0.001), and nodal metastases (P = 0.001), but not systemic relapse after CRS/HIPEC (P = 0.133). Median follow-up was 25.1 months (range 0.8-77.3) for AnMN, and 80.9 months (range 0.1-279.2) for AMN. Median overall survival was 24.0 months for AnMN, 66.2 months for high-grade AMN (P = 0.015), 160.0 months for low-grade ANM (P = 0.001), and not reached for AC (P = 0.001). Among AnMN patients, median survival was 23.4 months for GCC, 38.7 months for ITAC, 20.3 months for MANEC (P = 0.855). In the overall series, histological subtype (P = 0.001), incomplete cytoreduction (P = 0.001), and positive lymph-nodes (P = 0.003) correlated with poorer survival at multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS AnMN share with AMN a predominant local-regional dissemination pattern, but prognosis after CRS/HIPEC is worse. This strategy needs to be carefully considered for AnMN. PATIENTS
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