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Dagher S, Mobarki M, Chauleur C, Papoudou-Bai A, Péoc’h M, Karpathiou G. Artefacts in Hysterectomies with a Special Focus on Vascular Pseudoinvasion. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1833. [PMID: 39202321 PMCID: PMC11353742 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14161833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the advent of laparoscopic hysterectomy, several studies have described artefacts, such as vascular pseudoinvasion, constituting potential pitfalls in the histological evaluation of these specimens. The use of an intrauterine manipulator is often suggested as the factor creating these artefacts. OBJECTIVES To describe possible artefacts, such as vascular pseudoinvasion, myometrial clefts, and tumor cells in the lumen of the cervix, on the serosa, and in the tubal lumen, and to correlate them with clinical and pathological characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a retrospective monocentric study of 60 patients having been treated for benign (n = 27, 45%) or malignant (n = 33, 55%) uterine pathologies. RESULTS Vascular pseudoinvasion was found in 13 (22%) adenocarcinomas and in one (2%) benign uterine pathology. Clefts within the myometrium were observed in 16 (27%) uteri. Cells in the tubal lumen were observed in six (10%) hysterectomies. True vascular emboli were not correlated with the use of an intrauterine manipulator (p = 0.47) or the type of surgery (p = 0.21). Vascular pseudoinvasion was correlated with the presence of tumor cells in the lumen of the cervix (p = 0.013) and the presence of clefts in the myometrium (p < 0.001), but not with the other factors studied. CONCLUSIONS Overall, in our series, we did not observe any statistical association between the use of an intrauterine manipulator and the presence of true emboli or vascular pseudoinvasion during hysterectomy in women with malignant or benign uterine pathologies. Vascular pseudoinvasion was also associated with the presence of other artefacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Dagher
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France; (S.D.); (M.P.); (G.K.)
| | - Mousa Mobarki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Pathology), Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Celine Chauleur
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Alexandra Papoudou-Bai
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Michel Péoc’h
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France; (S.D.); (M.P.); (G.K.)
| | - Georgia Karpathiou
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France; (S.D.); (M.P.); (G.K.)
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Quintana-Bertó R, Padilla-Iserte P, Lago V, Tauste C, Díaz-Feijoo B, Cabrera S, Oliver-Pérez R, Coronado PJ, Martín-Salamanca MB, Pantoja-Garrido M, Marcos-Sanmartin J, Cazorla E, Lorenzo C, Rodríguez-Hernández JR, Roldán-Rivas F, Gilabert-Estellés J, Muruzábal JC, Cañada A, Domingo S. Endometrial cancer: predictors and oncological safety of tumor tissue manipulation. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1098-1105. [PMID: 37668932 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main goal of this study is to assess the impact of tumor manipulation on the presence of lympho-vascular space invasion and its influence on oncological results. METHODS We performed a retrospective multi-centric study amongst patients who had received primary surgical treatment for apparently early-stage endometrial cancer. A multivariate statistical analysis model was designed to assess the impact that tumor manipulation (with the use of uterine manipulator or preoperative hysteroscopy) has on lympho-vascular development (LVSI) in the final surgical specimen. RESULTS A total of 2852 women from 15 centers were included and divided into two groups based on the lympho-vascular status in the final surgical specimen: 2265 (79.4%) had no LVSI and 587 (20.6%) presented LVSI. The use of uterine manipulator was associated with higher chances of lympho-vascular involvement regardless of the type used: Balloon manipulator (HR: 95% CI 4.64 (2.99-7.33); p < 0.001) and No-Balloon manipulator ([HR]: 95% CI 2.54 (1.66-3.96); p < 0.001). There is no evidence of an association between the use of preoperative hysteroscopy and higher chances of lympho-vascular involvement (HR: 95% CI 0.90 (0.68-1.19); p = 0.479). CONCLUSION Whilst performing common gynecological procedures, iatrogenic distention and manipulation of the uterine cavity are produced. Our study suggests that the use of uterine manipulator increases the rate of LVSI and, therefore, leads to poorer oncological results. Conversely, preoperative hysteroscopy does not show higher rates of LVSI involvement in the final surgical specimen and can be safely used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Quintana-Bertó
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, València, Spain.
| | - Pablo Padilla-Iserte
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, València, Spain
| | - Víctor Lago
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, València, Spain
| | - Carmen Tauste
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Berta Díaz-Feijoo
- Institute Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Cabrera
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reyes Oliver-Pérez
- Gynecologic Oncology-Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, 12 de Octubre Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pluvio J Coronado
- Women's Health Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Pantoja-Garrido
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Josefa Marcos-Sanmartin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Miguel Hernández University, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Eduardo Cazorla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Lorenzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Nuestra Señora de La Calendaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Roldán-Rivas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinico Lozano Blesa Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Gilabert-Estellés
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital of València, València, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Muruzábal
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Antonio Cañada
- Department of Biostatistics, Health Research Institute La Fe, València, Spain
| | - Santiago Domingo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, València, Spain
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Blaauwgeers H, Filipello F, Lissenberg-Witte B, Doglioni C, Radonic T, Bahce I, Minami Y, Schonau A, Vincenten JPL, Smit AAJ, Dickhoff C, Thunnissen E. Loose Tumor Cells in Pulmonary Arteries of Lung Adenocarcinoma Resection Specimens: No Correlation With Survival, Despite High Prevalence. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:588-594. [PMID: 37638545 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0009-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Loose tumor cells and tumor cell clusters can be recognized in the lumen of intratumoral pulmonary arteries of resected non-small cell lung cancer specimens. It is unclear whether these should be considered tumor-emboli, and as such could predict a worsened prognosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the nature and prognostic impact of pulmonary artery intraluminal tumor cells. DESIGN This multicenter study involved an exploratory pilot study and a validation study from 3 institutions. For the exploratory pilot study, a retrospective pulmonary resection cohort of primary adenocarcinomas, diagnosed between November 2007 and November 2010, were scored for the presence of tumor cells, as well as potentially other cells in the intravascular spaces, using hematoxylin-eosin and cytokeratin 7 (CK7) stains. In the validation part, 2 retrospective cohorts of resected pulmonary adenocarcinomas, between January 2011 and December 2016, were included. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) data were collected. RESULTS In the pilot study, CK7+ intravascular cells, mainly tumor cells, were present in 23 of 33 patients (69.7%). The 5-year OS for patients with intravascular tumor cells was 61%, compared with 40% for patients without intravascular tumor cells (P = .19). In the validation study, CK7+ intravascular tumor cells were present in 41 of 70 patients (58.6%). The 5-year RFS for patients with intravascular tumor cells was 80.0%, compared with 80.6% in patients without intravascular tumor cells (P = .52). The 5-year OS rates were, respectively, 82.8% and 71.6% (P = .16). CONCLUSIONS Loose tumor cells in pulmonary arterial lumina were found in most non-small cell lung cancer resection specimens and were not associated with a worse RFS or OS. Therefore, most probably they represent an artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Blaauwgeers
- From the Department of Pathology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis LAB BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Blaauwgeers)
| | - Federica Filipello
- the Department of Pathology, Michele and Pietro Ferrero Hospital, Verduno, Italy (Filipello)
| | | | - Claudio Doglioni
- the Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (Doglioni)
| | - Teodora Radonic
- the Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands(Radonic, Thunnissen)
| | - Idris Bahce
- the Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands(Bahce)
| | - Yuko Minami
- the Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Ibarakihigashi National Hospital, The Center of Chest Diseases and Severe Motor & Intellectual Disabilities, Ibaraki, Japan (Minami)
| | | | - Julien P L Vincenten
- the Department of Pulmonology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, theNetherlands (Vincenten)
| | - Adrianus A J Smit
- the Department of Pulmonology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Smit)
| | - Chris Dickhoff
- the Department of Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC-Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dickhoff)
| | - Erik Thunnissen
- the Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands(Radonic, Thunnissen)
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Zorzato PC, Uccella S, Biancotto G, Bosco M, Festi A, Franchi M, Garzon S. Intrauterine manipulator during hysterectomy for endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of oncologic outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:185-198.e4. [PMID: 37704174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effects on oncologic outcomes of intrauterine manipulator use during laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search was performed by an expert librarian in multiple electronic databases from inception to January 31, 2023. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included all studies in the English language that compared oncologic outcomes (recurrence-free, cause-specific, or overall survival) between endometrial cancer patients who underwent total laparoscopic or robotic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer with vs without the use of an intrauterine manipulator. Studies comparing only peritoneal cytology status or lymphovascular space invasion were summarized for completeness. No selection criteria were applied to the study design. METHODS Four reviewers independently reviewed studies for inclusion, assessed their risk of bias, and extracted data. Pooled hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated for oncologic outcomes using the random effect model. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 tests. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Egger test. RESULTS Out of 350 identified references, we included 2 randomized controlled trials and 12 observational studies for a total of 14 studies and 5,019 patients. The use of an intrauterine manipulator during hysterectomy for endometrial cancer was associated with a pooled hazard ratio for recurrence of 1.52 (95% confidence interval, 0.99-2.33; P=.05; I2=31%; chi square P value=.22). Pooled hazard ratio for recurrence was 1.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.25-8.76; P=.62; I2=67%; chi square P value=.08) when only randomized controlled trials were considered. Pooled hazard ratio for overall survival was 1.07 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-1.76; P=0.79; I2=44%; chi square P value=.17). The rate of positive peritoneal cytology or lymphovascular space invasion did not differ using an intrauterine manipulator. CONCLUSION Intrauterine manipulator use during hysterectomy for endometrial cancer was neither significantly associated with recurrence-free and overall survival nor with positive peritoneal cytology or lymphovascular space invasion, but further prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Carlo Zorzato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Uccella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Giulia Biancotto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Bosco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Festi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Franchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Garzon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Al Qa’qa’ S, Downes MR, Jain R, van der Kwast T. Morphologic Pattern, Frequency, and Spatial Distribution of Lymphovascular Invasion Foci in Radical Prostatectomy Specimens. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:939-948. [PMID: 35816346 PMCID: PMC10492436 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221110456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an adverse pathological finding in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens associated with increased risk of metastatic disease. Its variable incidence may be attributed to underreporting. We characterized the location, quantity, and morphology of LVI foci in RP specimens and assessed the relationship between LVI and cribriform and intraductal carcinoma and metastatic risk. Methods. Two pathologists reviewed retrospectively 54 RP specimens reported as positive for LVI. Ambiguous cases were confirmed by immunostaining for ERG, CD31 and D2-40. Results. In 4/54 (7.4%), LVI could not be confirmed. Main mimickers of LVI were retraction artifact and dislodged tumor cells. Based on our review, the most important criteria to distinguish LVI from its mimickers were a corrugated lining of vascular spaces, endothelial nuclei bulging into the lumen, and presence of proteinaceous material. The LVI frequency per case ranged from 1 to 109 (median 7.5). In 47/50 (94%) cases with LVI, the associated carcinoma comprised cribriform pattern and/or intraductal carcinoma. The most common morphology of LVI foci was cribriform, occurring in 43/50 specimens, representing 469/843 (56%) of LVI foci. Most LVI foci were intraprostatic and located at the carcinoma-stroma interface. Particularly the risk of bone metastases during follow-up was independently associated with higher frequency of LVI foci (P = .009). Conclusions. The detailed description of prostatic LVI, and awareness of their predominant location and morphology may help its identification and improve the diagnostic accuracy of LVI in pathology reporting. The clinical impact of LVI quantification in prostate cancer needs validation by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifaa’ Al Qa’qa’
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Anatomic Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michelle R. Downes
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rahi Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
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Sallée C, Lacorre A, Despoux F, Mbou VB, Margueritte F, Gauthier T. Use of uterine manipulator and uterine perforation in minimally invasive endometrial cancer surgery. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2023; 52:102621. [PMID: 37301478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Safety of the uterine manipulator (UM) within endometrial cancer (EC) surgery is being questioned. Its use might be one of the issues for potential tumor dissemination during the procedure, especially in the case of uterine perforation (UP). No prospective data on this surgical complication, nor on the oncological consequences exist. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of UP while using UM when performing surgery for EC and the impact of UP on the choice of adjuvant treatment. METHODS We conducted a prospective single-center cohort study from November 2018 to February 2022, considering all EC cases surgically treated by a minimally invasive approach with the help of a UM. Demographic, preoperative, postoperative and adjuvant treatment corresponding to the included patients were collected and comparatively analyzed according to the absence or presence of a UP. RESULTS Of the 82 patients included in the study, 9 UPs (11%) occurred during surgery. There was no significant difference in demographics and disease characteristics at diagnosis that may have induced UP. The type of UM used or the approach (laparoscopic vs. robotic) did not influence the occurrence of UP (p = 0.44). No positive peritoneal cytology was found post hysterectomy. There was a statistically significantly higher rate of lymph-vascular space invasion within the perforation group, 67% vs. 25% in the no perforation group, p = 0.02. Two out of nine (22%) adjuvant therapies were changed because of UP. The median follow-up time for patients was 7.6 months (range 0.5-33.1 months). No recurrence was found in the UP group. CONCLUSION Our study found a uterine perforation rate of 11%. This information needs to be further integrated to consider the usefulness of MU for EC surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sallée
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHU Limoges, 8 Avenue Dominique Larrey, Cedex, Limoges 87042, France.
| | - A Lacorre
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHU Limoges, 8 Avenue Dominique Larrey, Cedex, Limoges 87042, France
| | - F Despoux
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHU Limoges, 8 Avenue Dominique Larrey, Cedex, Limoges 87042, France
| | - V B Mbou
- Department of Anatomopathology, CHU Limoges, 8 avenue Dominique Larrey, Cedex, Limoges 87042, France
| | - F Margueritte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHI Poissy, 10 rue du Champ Gaillard, Poissy 78300, France
| | - T Gauthier
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHU Limoges, 8 Avenue Dominique Larrey, Cedex, Limoges 87042, France
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Rafiee A, Mohammadizadeh F. Association of Lymphovascular Space Invasion (LVSI) with Histological Tumor Grade and Myometrial Invasion in Endometrial Carcinoma: A Review Study. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:159. [PMID: 37564444 PMCID: PMC10410422 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_52_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most frequent gynecological cancers in developed countries. Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), histological grade, and myometrial invasion (MMI) are important prognostic factors of endometrial carcinoma. LVSI is considered an independent poor prognostic factor in endometrial carcinoma. Based on the importance of LVSI, this study aimed to discuss the association of LVSI with tumor grade and MMI. A search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library was carried out to collect related studies. Consequently, most studies showed that LVSI is significantly associated with higher histologic grade and deep MMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Rafiee
- Pathologist, Iranian Medical and Pathology Laboratory, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mohammadizadeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Matias-Guiu X, Selinger CI, Anderson L, Buza N, Ellenson LH, Fadare O, Ganesan R, Ip PPC, Palacios J, Parra-Herran C, Raspollini MR, Soslow RA, Werner HMJ, Lax SF, McCluggage WG. Data Set for the Reporting of Endometrial Cancer: Recommendations From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR). Int J Gynecol Pathol 2022; 41:S90-S118. [PMID: 36305536 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) developed a standardized endometrial cancer data set in 2011, which provided detailed recommendations for the reporting of resection specimens of these neoplasms. A new data set has been developed, which incorporates the updated 2020 World Health Organization Classification of Female Genital Tumors, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) molecular classification of endometrial cancers, and other major advances in endometrial cancer reporting, all of which necessitated a major revision of the data set. This updated data set has been produced by a panel of expert pathologists and an expert clinician and has been subject to international open consultation. The data set includes core elements which are unanimously agreed upon as essential for cancer diagnosis, clinical management, staging, or prognosis and noncore elements which are clinically important, but not essential. Explanatory notes are provided for each element. Adoption of this updated data set will result in improvements in endometrial cancer patient care.
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9
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Scutiero G, Vizzielli G, Taliento C, Bernardi G, Martinello R, Cianci S, Riemma G, Scambia G, Greco P. Influence of uterine manipulator on oncological outcome in minimally invasive surgery of endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2022; 48:2112-2118. [PMID: 35725683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The endoscopic approach for early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) treatment is considered gold standard. Some authors expressed their concern regarding uterine manipulator (UM) as a risk factor for tumor spillage and dissemination allowing peritoneal or lympho-vascular spaces invasion (LVSI). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of UM on the presence of LVSI, recurrence rate and presence of atypical or malignant peritoneal cytology in patients with endometrial cancer. METHODS We searched electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The pooled results were used to evaluate the association between the use of UM and oncological outcomes. This systematic review was reported according to PRISMA statement 2020. Statistical meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software. RESULTS This systematic review included 18 studies (3 prospective studies, 13 retrospective studies, and 2 RCT). The pooled results showed no significant difference (RR: 0.86, 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.08) in the incidence of LVSI between manipulated hysterectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and between UM group and non-UM group in minimally invasive surgery (RR: 1.18, 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.85), no significant difference in the rate of recurrence (RR: 1.11, 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.74), in the incidence of positive peritoneal cytology between manipulated and non-manipulated hysterectomies in minimally invasive surgery (RR: 1.89, 95% CI, 0.74 to 4.83) and before and after the use of uterine manipulator (RR: 1.21, 95% CI, 0.68 to 2.16). We found a positive association between malignant cytology and hysterectomies in which a uterine manipulator had been used in a sub-group analysis where LH/LAVH were compared to TAH. (RR = 2.26, 95% CI, 1.08-4.71. P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis supports that the use of uterine manipulator for minimally invasive treatment of endometrial cancer does not increase the rate of recurrence and LVSI. Therefore, the opportunity of any other studies on its use in endometrial cancer women should be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Scutiero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Vizzielli
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Santa Maria Della Misericordia" University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy.
| | - C Taliento
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Bernardi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Martinello
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Cianci
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "G. Barresi", Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - G Riemma
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - G Scambia
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione "Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - P Greco
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ferrara, Italy
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10
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Gueli Alletti S, Perrone E, Fedele C, Cianci S, Pasciuto T, Chiantera V, Uccella S, Ercoli A, Vizzielli G, Fagotti A, Gallotta V, Cosentino F, Costantini B, Restaino S, Monterossi G, Rosati A, Turco LC, Capozzi VA, Fanfani F, Scambia G. A Multicentric Randomized Trial to Evaluate the ROle of Uterine MANipulator on Laparoscopic/Robotic HYsterectomy for the Treatment of Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: The ROMANHY Trial. Front Oncol 2021; 11:720894. [PMID: 34568050 PMCID: PMC8461311 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.720894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective randomized trial aimed to assess the impact of the uterine manipulator in terms of lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI) in patients undergoing minimally invasive staging for early-stage endometrial cancer. METHODS In this multicentric randomized trial, enrolled patients were randomly allocated in two groups according to the no use (arm A) or the use (arm B) of the uterine manipulator. Inclusion criteria were G1-G2 early-stage endometrial cancer at preoperative evaluation. The variables collected included baseline demographic characteristics, perioperative data, final pathology report, adjuvant treatment, and follow-up. RESULTS In the study, 154 patients (76 in arm A and 78 in arm B) were finally included. No significant differences were recorded regarding the baseline characteristics. A statistically significant difference was found in operative time for the laparoscopic staging (p=0.005), while no differences were reported for the robotic procedures (p=0.419). The estimated blood loss was significantly lower in arm A (p=0.030). No statistically significant differences were recorded between the two study groups in terms of peritoneal cytology, LVSI (p=0.501), and pattern of LVSI (p=0.790). No differences were detected in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival (p=0.996 and p=0.480, respectively). Similarly, no differences were recorded in the number of recurrences, 6 (7.9%) in arm A and 4 (5.2%) in arm B (p=0.486). The use of the uterine manipulator had no impact on DFS both at univariable and multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS The intrauterine manipulator does not affect the LVSI in early-stage endometrial cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic/robotic staging. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier (NCT: 02762214).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Gueli Alletti
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Perrone
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Fedele
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianci
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood “G. Barresi,” Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Tina Pasciuto
- STAR Center (Statistics Technology Archiving Research), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Chiantera
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Uccella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ercoli
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università degli studi di Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vizzielli
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Gallotta
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Gemelli-Molise, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Barbara Costantini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Restaino
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University-Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giorgia Monterossi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Rosati
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Carlo Turco
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Andrea Capozzi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Parma, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Fanfani
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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11
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Nasioudis D, Ko EM, Cory L, Latif N. Impact of surgical approach on prevalence of positive peritoneal cytology and lymph-vascular invasion in patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma: a National Cancer Database study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021; 31:1001-1006. [PMID: 33853880 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-002445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of positive peritoneal cytology and lymph-vascular invasion by surgical approach among patients with early stage endometrioid endometrial carcinoma undergoing hysterectomy. METHODS The National Cancer Database was accessed and patients with FIGO stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (with no history of another tumor diagnosed) who underwent simple hysterectomy (open or minimally invasive) between January 2010 and December 2015 and had available data on the presence of lymph-vascular invasion and/or status of peritoneal cytology were selected for further analysis. The impact of a surgical approach on the odds of lymph-vascular invasion and positive peritoneal cytology was calculated after controlling for tumor grade, size, and depth of myometrial invasion. RESULTS A total of 74 732 patients who met the inclusion criteria were identified. The rate of minimally invasive hysterectomy was 75.7%. Data on peritoneal cytology status and lymph-vascular invasion were available for 50 185 and 71 641 patients, respectively. A higher proportion of patients who had minimally invasive hysterectomy had positive peritoneal cytology (4.4% vs 2.3%, p<0.001), and presence of lymph-vascular invasion (10.4% vs 9.2%, p<0.001). After controlling for tumor size, tumor grade, and disease substage, the performance of minimally invasive surgery was associated with higher odds of positive peritoneal cytology (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.83 to 2.37) and presence of lymph-vascular invasion (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.41). After controlling for confounders there was no difference in survival between open and minimally invasive surgery groups (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.004). CONCLUSIONS Minimally invasive surgery may be associated with a higher incidence of positive peritoneal cytology and lymph-vascular invasion among patients with early stage endometrioid endometrial cancer. There was no difference in overall survival between patients who had laparotomy or minimally invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Nasioudis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily M Ko
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lori Cory
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nawar Latif
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Moatasim A, Hameed Z, Ahmad I. Assessment of lymphovascular invasion in early stage endometrial carcinoma -a retrospective study. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-021-00091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Endometrial carcinoma is associated with several known prognostic factors. Recently, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) has gained a prominent position in the risk assessment of early endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, in identifying patients who can benefit from adjuvant radiation therapy. This study aims to assess LVI in early-stage endometrioid endometrial carcinoma accurately with emphasis on its extent /grading. We also propose a few local recommendations for improving LVI reproducibility in endometrial carcinoma to guide future studies.
Methods
The duration of this retrospective study was 2 years. Early-stage I (Ia and Ib), and grade 1 and 2 endometrioid endometrial carcinomas were included. 03 reviewers independently recorded their findings on H&E stained slides. LVI was graded as none, focal and substantial. In discordant cases, immunohistochemical stain CD 31 was used.
All the data was entered in the statistical software SPSS version 26 and analyzed for frequencies. The relationships between various histological parameters assessed and the degree of reproducibility for LVI amongst various observers were also determined.
Results
Out of a total of 70 cases of endometrioid carcinoma diagnosed on hysterectomy specimen, only 32 met our inclusion criteria. The rate of LVI positivity was 6.3 %, 34.4 %, and 37.5 % respectively for reviewers 1, 2, and 3. The degree of reproducibility in LVI assessment and LVI grading was significant amongst reviewers 2 and 3. Also, a significant association was drawn between tumor grade and LVI.
Conclusion
Despite limitations in our study we recommend including both LVI assessment and grading in routine reporting formats locally. By adding a second reviewer in LVI assessment and using CD31 in discrepant cases LVI positivity can be significantly increased.
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Oliver-Perez MR, Magriña J, Villalain-Gonzalez C, Jimenez-Lopez JS, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Barcena C, Martinez-Biosques C, Gil-Ibañez B, Tejerizo-Garcia A. Lymphovascular space invasion in endometrial carcinoma: Tumor size and location matter. Surg Oncol 2021; 37:101541. [PMID: 33713972 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze histological factors possibly associated with lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and to determine which of those can act as independent surrogate markers. METHODS Retrospective cohort study performed between January 2001 and December 2014. LVSI was defined as the presence of tumor cells inside a space completely surrounded by endothelial cells. Risk factors evaluated included myometrial invasion, tumor grade, size, location, and cervical invasion. Univariate logistical regression models were applied to study any possible association of LVSI with these factors. Values were adjusted by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 327 patients with endometrial carcinoma treated in our Centre were included. LVSI was observed in 120 patients (36.7%). Lower uterine segment involvement (OR 5.21, 95% CI:2.6-10.4, p < 0.001) and size ≥2 cm (OR 2.62, 95% CI: 1.14-6.1, p < 0.001) were independent factors for LSVI in multivariate analysis. In univariate analysis, LVSI was a surrogate marker in type 1 tumors with deep myometrial invasion (IB, 51.9% vs. IA, 16.0%; p < 0.001), grade 3 (G3 55.8% vs. G1 16.2%; p < 0.001), size ≥2 cm (37.9% vs. 16.1%, p = 0.005), those with involving the lower segment of the uterus (58.9% vs. 22.5%, p < 0.001) and/or with cervical stromal invasion (65.4% vs. 26.1%, p < 0.001), and in type 2 tumors (61.5% vs. 30.5%, p < 0.001). The use of uterine manipulator did not increase the rate of LVSI (35.5% vs. 40.5%, p = 0.612) as compared to no manipulator use. CONCLUSIONS Size ≥2 cm and involvement of the lower uterine segment are independent factors for LSVI, in type 1 tumors, which can be used for surgical planning. LVSI is also more common in type 1 tumors with deep myometrial invasion, grade 3 and/or cervical stromal invasion, and also in type 2 tumors. The use of a uterine manipulator does not increase LVSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reyes Oliver-Perez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. University Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Magriña
- Department of Medical and Surgical Gynecology. Mayo Clinic. Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Cecilia Villalain-Gonzalez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. University Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus S Jimenez-Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Hospital Regional de Málaga, Andalucia, Spain
| | - Gregorio Lopez-Gonzalez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. University Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Barcena
- Department of Pathology. University Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Blanca Gil-Ibañez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. University Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Tejerizo-Garcia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. University Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Vascular pseudoinvasion or displacement of tumor or normal endometrial tissue is a potential pitfall in uterine pathology. The proposed mechanisms of this phenomenon are mostly associated with the uterine manipulator used during minimally invasive hysterectomies. The aim of this report is to describe vascular pseudoinvasion in a still unreported setting, that of a postendometrial ablation hysterectomy, and to provide a summary of studies dealing with artifactual or nonmalignant myometrial vessel involvement by normal or neoplastic endometrial tissue.
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Capozzi VA, Rosati A, Uccella S, Riemma G, Tarascio M, Torella M, De Franciscis P, Colacurci N, Cianci S. Role of uterine manipulator during laparoscopic endometrial cancer treatment. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:7759-7766. [PMID: 35117378 PMCID: PMC8799210 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy with 61,000 new cases diagnosed per year in the USA. Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) LAP2 randomized study demonstrated a superimposable 5-year overall survival between laparotomic and laparoscopic approaches in EC treatment. In this context the uterine manipulator (UM) represents a valuable tool in order to increase the ergonomics of surgical gesture during a laparoscopic total hysterectomy. Despite the proven safety of the minimally invasive approach in EC treatment, neither the indication whether to use or not, nor the recommendation concerning a specific type of UM are provided by international guidelines. This narrative review aims to collect all the main findings in the literature about UM use to investigate its safety in EC patients. Based on the analysis of the literature research, the main results were categorized into two manipulator-related problems: the iatrogenic LVSI, and the retrograde tumor spillage. LVSI is defined as the presence of tumor cells within an endothelium-lined space. An electronic search was performed using the following keywords: 'uterine manipulator', and 'endometrial cancer'. The electronic database search provided a total of 93 studies. Of whom, 12 case reports, 5 studies not in English language, and 65 works not fitting the review scope were excluded from the analysis. Eleven studies were considered eligible for the purpose of the study. The most recent studies have highlighted the safety of the uterine manipulator in the early-stage EC laparoscopic treatment. All types of manipulators are considered to be fairly safe but its application should be tailored according to tumor dimension and grade of myometrial infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Rosati
- Unità Operativa Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Fondazione Policlinico Univeristario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Uccella
- Nuovo Ospedale degli Infermi Dipartimento di Oncologia di Biella, Ponderano, Italy
| | - Gaetano Riemma
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mattia Tarascio
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania- via S. Maria La Grande, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Torella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Colacurci
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianci
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Mabuchi S, Niiro E, Nagayasu M. The Development of a New Uterine Manipulation Method during Minimally Invasive Radical Hysterectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020; 28:1000-1005. [PMID: 32979532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The use of a vaginal uterine manipulator may compromise the oncological outcomes of patients with cervical cancer undergoing minimally invasive radical hysterectomy (MIS-RH). We aimed to describe the safety and efficacy of a novel uterine manipulation device during MIS-RH. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING A university hospital and a tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS Patients with early-stage cervical cancer who were treated with MIS-RH. INTERVENTIONS We developed the U-traction, a new device that consists of a 65-mm half-curved cutting needle with a 2.5-mm polyester tape (45-cm long), and investigated its utility to manipulate the uterus during MIS-RH. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS This study describes the utility and safety of the U-traction for uterine manipulation during laparoscopic or robotic RH in 8 patients with cervical cancer. Uterine manipulation was successfully and safely performed using the U-traction during laparoscopic or robotic RH in patients with cervical cancer without any complications. The application time was less than 5 minutes. In all cases, the use of a vaginal manipulator, an additional incision for an extra port, or the need for assistant surgeons for uterine manipulation was avoided. CONCLUSION The novel U-traction device allows for easy and reproducible uterine manipulation during MIS-RH. With this device, the use of a vaginal uterine manipulator can be avoided, and MIS-RH can be safely performed without the need for an assistant surgeon for uterine manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Mabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan (all authors)..
| | - Emiko Niiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan (all authors)
| | - Mika Nagayasu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan (all authors)
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Clair KH, Tewari KS. Robotic surgery for gynecologic cancers: indications, techniques and controversies. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:828-843. [PMID: 32410262 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery for gynecologic cancers is associated with fewer postoperative complications including less blood loss and quicker recovery time compared to traditional laparotomy. The robotic platform has allowed patients access to minimally invasive surgery due to its increased utilization by gynecologic oncologists. Many surgeons have embraced the robotic platform due to its technological advances over traditional laparoscopy including high-definition 3D optics, wristed instrumentation, camera stability and improved ergonomics. While robotic surgery continues as a mainstay in the management of gynecologic cancers, it remains controversial in regards to its cost effectiveness and more recently, its long-term impact on clinical and oncologic outcomes. A strong component of the justification of this surgical platform is based on extrapolated data from traditional laparoscopy despite limited prospective randomized trials for robotic-assisted surgery. In this review, we highlight the use of robotic surgery in the management of gynecologic cancers in special populations: fertility sparing patients, the morbidly obese, the elderly, and patients with a favorable response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran H Clair
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Krishnansu S Tewari
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, USA
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18
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Meng Y, Liu Y, Lin S, Cao C, Wu P, Gao P, Zhi W, Peng T, Gui L, Wu P. The effects of uterine manipulators in minimally invasive hysterectomy for endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46:1225-1232. [PMID: 32360066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.03.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive surgery has achieved great success in the surgical treatment of many kinds of cancer. This study aimed to systematically review the available evidence evaluating the effects of the use of uterine manipulators in minimally hysterectomies for endometrial cancer patients. METHODS We searched the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov databases to Sep. 12, 2019 to identify relevant prospective or retrospective studies, using the intersection of "endometrial neoplasms", "endometrial carcinoma", "endometrial cancer"; "uterine manipulator", and "intrauterine manipulator". The initial search identified 251 items in total. The main outcomes of interest were the presence of LVSI (lymphovascular space invasion), the incidence of positive peritoneal cytology, and the presence of recurrence during follow-up. RESULTS After screening for eligibility, 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis finally. The timing of uterine manipulators insertion during MIS for endometrial cancer was not associated with an increased risk of positive peritoneal cytology (RR: 1.21, 95% CI, 0.68 to 2.16). Moreover, there was no significant difference for the rate of positive peritoneal cytology (RR: 1.53, 95% CI, 0.85 to 2.77), LVSI (RR: 1.18, 95% CI, 0.66 to 2.11) or the rate of recurrence (RR: 1.25, 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.74) regarding the use of uterine manipulators for laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of endometrial cancer patients. CONCLUSION We found that the use of uterine manipulators is not associated with an increased incidence of positive peritoneal cytology, LVSI, or recurrence among patients with endometrial cancer. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42020147111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Meng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shitong Lin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Canhui Cao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Zhi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Gui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Kanao H, Matsuo K, Aoki Y, Tanigawa T, Nomura H, Okamoto S, Takeshima N. Feasibility and outcome of total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with no-look no-touch technique for FIGO IB1 cervical cancer. J Gynecol Oncol 2019; 30:e71. [PMID: 30887768 PMCID: PMC6424854 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2019.30.e71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Intraoperative tumor manipulation and dissemination may possibly compromise survival of women with early-stage cervical cancer who undergo minimally-invasive radical hysterectomy (RH). The objective of the study was to examine survival related to minimally-invasive RH with a “no-look no-touch” technique for clinical stage IB1 cervical cancer. Methods This retrospective study compared patients who underwent total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (TLRH) with no-look no-touch technique (n=80) to those who underwent an abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH; n=83) for stage IB1 (≤4 cm) cervical cancer. TLRH with no-look no-touch technique incorporates 4 specific measures to prevent tumor spillage: 1) creation of a vaginal cuff, 2) avoidance of a uterine manipulator, 3) minimal handling of the uterine cervix, and 4) bagging of the specimen. Results Surgical outcomes of TLRH were significantly superior to ARH for operative time (294 vs. 376 minutes), estimated blood loss (185 vs. 500 mL), and length of hospital stay (14 vs. 18 days) (all, p<0.001). Oncologic outcomes were similar between the 2 groups, including disease-free survival (DFS) (p=0.591) and overall survival (p=0.188). When stratified by tumor size (<2 vs. ≥2 cm), DFS was similar between the 2 groups (p=0.897 and p=0.602, respectively). The loco-regional recurrence rate following TLRH was similar to the rate after ARH (6.3% vs. 9.6%, p=0.566). Multiple-pelvic recurrence was observed in only 1 patient in the TLRH group. Conclusion Our study suggests that the no-look no-touch technique may be a useful surgical procedure to reduce recurrence risk via preventing intraoperative tumor spillage during TLRH for early-stage cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yoichi Aoki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terumi Tanigawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nomura
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanshiro Okamoto
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takeshima
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Seifi F, Parkash V, Clark M, Menderes G, Tierney C, Silasi DA, Azodi M. Pseudovascular Invasion: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Endometrial Cancer. JSLS 2019; 23:JSLS.2019.00021. [PMID: 31285650 PMCID: PMC6596444 DOI: 10.4293/jsls.2019.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To determine if the use of an intrauterine manipulator is associated with an increased incidence of pseudovascular invasion on pathologic evaluation of hysterectomy specimens for endometrial cancer and to assess the possible implications of pseudovascular space invasion in the treatment of endometrial cancer. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with early stage (I/II) endometrial cancer who underwent minimally invasive surgical staging. The following data were abstracted: race, body mass index, grade, age, stage, histology, presence or absence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), peritoneal cytology, and adjuvant treatment. Slides were blindly reviewed by a gynecologic pathologist. Results: Of the104 patients meeting eligibility criteria, 74 cases were reviewed in detail (the study was terminated early based on the results of an interim analysis). Patients in the no-manipulator group were older (P = .02) and had a higher stage 1B/II (P = .01) than patients in the manipulator group. No difference was found in the incidence of pseudovascular invasion between the manipulator and the no-manipulator groups (P = .86). Subgroup analysis showed no association of pseudovascular invasion with tumor grade (P = .79). Five patients were identified to have pseudovascular invasion misdiagnosed as true LVSI—4 had endometrioid and 1 had serous histology. Of these, 3 were in the manipulator group. Two received adjuvant radiotherapy which they not have gotten, absent reported lymphovascular invasion. Conclusion: The use of a uterine manipulator does not appear to increase the rate of pseudovascular invasion in our limited data set. Misdiagnosis of pseudovascular invasion as LVSI can result in risk migration of patients with potential for harm from unwarranted adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Seifi
- Obstetrics/Gynecology Department, Division of Gynecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Vinita Parkash
- Department of Pathology, New Haven Hospital, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Mitchell Clark
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT
| | - Gulden Menderes
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, New Haven Hospital, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Christina Tierney
- Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecology Surgery, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT
| | - Dan-Arin Silasi
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, New Haven Hospital, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Masoud Azodi
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, New Haven Hospital, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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21
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Peters EEM, Bartosch C, McCluggage WG, Genestie C, Lax SF, Nout R, Oosting J, Singh N, Smit HCSH, Smit VTHBM, Van de Vijver KK, Bosse T. Reproducibility of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) assessment in endometrial cancer. Histopathology 2019; 75:128-136. [PMID: 31155736 PMCID: PMC6852322 DOI: 10.1111/his.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aims Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in endometrial cancer (EC) is an important prognostic variable impacting on a patient's individual recurrence risk and adjuvant treatment recommendations. Recent work has shown that grading the extent of LVSI further improves its prognostic strength in patients with stage I endometrioid EC. Despite this, there is little information on the reproducibility of LVSI assessment in EC. Therefore, we designed a study to evaluate interobserver agreement in discriminating true LVSI from LVSI mimics (Phase I) and reproducibility of grading extent of LVSI (Phase II). Methods and results Scanned haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides of endometrioid EC (EEC) with a predefined possible LVSI focus were hosted on a website and assessed by a panel of six European gynaecological pathologists. In Phase I, 48 H&E slides were included for LVSI assessment and in Phase II, 42 H&E slides for LVSI grading. Each observer was instructed to apply the criteria for LVSI used in daily practice. The degree of agreement was measured using the two‐way absolute agreement average‐measures intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Reproducibility of LVSI assessment (ICC = 0.64, P < 0.001) and LVSI grading (ICC = 0.62, P < 0.001) in EEC was substantial among the observers. Conclusions Given the good reproducibility of LVSI, this study further supports the important role of LVSI in decision algorithms for adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke E M Peters
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - W Glenn McCluggage
- Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Catherine Genestie
- Department of BioPathology, University Paris-Saclay, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Sigurd F Lax
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Graz II and Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Remi Nout
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Oosting
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naveena Singh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Huub C S H Smit
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent T H B M Smit
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Rao ST, Nusrath S, Iyer RR, Patnaik SC, Saksena AR, Vanzar P, Shukla S. Interpretation and Implications of LACC Trial. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-019-0278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy with Enclosed Colpotomy and without the Use of Uterine Manipulator for Early-Stage Cervical Cancer. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019; 26:1193-1198. [PMID: 30802608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It was reported recently that minimally invasive radical hysterectomy was associated with worse prognosis than the open abdominal counterpart for the management of early-stage cervical cancer. Uterine manipulator and intracorporeal open colpotomy may be the 2 main suspects responsible for the inferiority. We hypothesize that minimally invasive radical hysterectomy with enclosed colpotomy and without the use of a uterine manipulator will improve survival. Thus, laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with abdominal uterine manipulation and enclosed colpotomy was performed in women with early-stage cervical cancer. The round ligament, the ovary ligament, and the fallopian tube were sutured together for the abdominal manipulation of the uterus. Meanwhile, the upper vagina was ligated before colpotomy to avoid tumor spillage. There were no intraoperative and postoperative complications. The abdominal uterine manipulation and enclosed colpotomy technique, which are both safe and feasible in this study, provide a relatively tumor-free approach for minimally invasive radical hysterectomy. Further investigation of oncologic outcomes in larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis.
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Intrauterine Manipulator Use During Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy and Risk of Lymphovascular Space Invasion in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 28:208-219. [PMID: 29324541 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine an association between intrauterine manipulator (IUM) use and frequency of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in women with endometrial cancer undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy. METHODS A retrospective case-control study was conducted among stage I-IV endometrial cancer patients who underwent hysterectomy between 2008 and 2015. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, surgical details, and tumor characteristics. Women who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) with IUM use were compared with women who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). Review of archived medical record for data collection and propensity score matching were performed to adjust for background differences between TLH-IUM and TAH groups. A systematic literature review with pooled analysis was performed to examine frequency of LVSI. RESULTS There were 687 women who underwent hysterectomy for endometrial cancer. Of those, 419 women underwent TLH with IUM use and 194 women underwent TAH. The most common type of IUM was VCare (89.5%). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of LVSI between the 2 groups: 15.1% for TLH-IUM vs 19.9% for TAH (P = 0.14). After propensity score matching, frequencies of LVSI were similar between the 2 groups: 21.2% for TLH-IUM vs 19.6% for TAH (P = 0.78). Systematic literature review identified 1371 cases of TLH-IUM and 1246 cases of TAH performed for endometrial cancer, and frequencies of LVSI were similar between the 2 groups (15.0% vs 13.6%, P = 0.31). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that IUM use during TLH for endometrial cancer is not associated with increased frequency of LVSI.
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25
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Blaauwgeers H, Russell PA, Jones KD, Radonic T, Thunnissen E. Pulmonary loose tumor tissue fragments and spread through air spaces (STAS): Invasive pattern or artifact? A critical review. Lung Cancer 2018; 123:107-111. [PMID: 30089579 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The concept of loose tumor tissue fragments as a pattern of invasion in lung carcinoma has recently been proposed and is included in the 2015 WHO fascicle on the classification of lung tumors, so-called "spread through airs paces" or STAS. This inclusion is controversial, as there are significant data to support that this histologic finding represents an artifact of tissue handling and processing rather than a pattern of invasion. These data are summarized in this review. These data are summarized in this review and support the conclusion that the inclusion of STAS in the WHO classification for lung cancer as a pattern of invasion was premature and erroneous. In our opinion, these tumor cell clusters or loose cells appear to be simply an artifact, although one which may or may not pinpoint to a high-grade tumor with discohesive cells and adverse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Blaauwgeers
- Department of Pathology, OLVG, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Prudence A Russell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, 3065, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirk D Jones
- Department of Pathology, UCSF Medical Center, 550 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Thunnissen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Kanao H, Aoki Y, Takeshima N. Unexpected result of minimally invasive surgery for cervical cancer. J Gynecol Oncol 2018; 29:e73. [PMID: 29770633 PMCID: PMC5981114 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2018.29.e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Aoki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takeshima
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Abstract
Accurate staging of cancers is an important determinant of prognosis and guides optimal patient treatment. Although the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting recommends that endometrial cancers (including carcinosarcomas) are pathologically staged using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 system, in many areas TNM [American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) or Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)] staging is used or even mandated; these latter systems are based on FIGO 2009. In this review, areas of difficulty in the pathologic staging of endometrial carcinomas are covered with practical advice for the reporting pathologist. These include issues regarding the assessment of the depth of myometrial involvement (which may be rendered difficult due to a variety of factors), tumor involvement of adenomyosis, and assessment of cervical and uterine serosal involvement. Although not included in the FIGO staging system, the issue of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is covered as this is of prognostic importance and there are multiple problems in the pathologic assessment of this. One important point is that tumors should not be upstaged based on the presence of LVSI alone without tissue involvement; for example, the presence of LVSI in the outer half of the myometrium or in cervical or adnexal vessels in a carcinoma with myoinvasion confined to the inner half of the myometrium is still FIGO stage IA. The issue of simultaneously occurring tumors of the endometrium and adnexa is also covered with advice on how to distinguish between synchronous independent and metastatic neoplasms of both endometrioid and nonendometrioid types. Recent molecular evidence showing that simultaneously occurring endometrioid carcinomas of the endometrium and ovary are clonal and thus probably represent metastatic disease from the endometrium to the ovary rather than synchronous independent neoplasms, as is widely assumed, is discussed.
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Lymphovascular Space Invasion for Endometrial Cancer: Undertreatment and Overtreatment Risks: A Survey of the Spanish Gynecologic Oncology Group. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:1191-1199. [PMID: 28557833 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to asses the impact of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) present in early-stage endometrial cancer, regarding its therapeutic management and prognosis knowledge, based on a survey among Spanish oncologic gynecologist. METHODS/MATERIALS Between October and November 2014, the Young Spanish Onco-gynecologist Group carried out a survey to perform a cross-sectional study about the management of LVSI. All active members in the oncology field of the Spanish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics were invited to participate in the survey. RESULTS Most respondents consider LVSI a bad prognosis factor for endometrial cancer (66%) and also consider that it should be included in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification (56%). Seventy-five percent of all gynecologists did not modify their surgical treatment. Regarding follow-up, 38% of the respondents do not change their surveillance, 28% modify it, and 31% reported any change only with additional factors. Forty-seven percent of respondents advise systemic treatment with chemotherapy.Data were dichotomized between less than or equal to 20 versus greater than 20 years of OB-GYN specialist and less than or equal to 5 versus greater than 5 years of main dedication to gynecology oncology, but it was not possible to show any significant differences among the groups. The response rate (34 individuals) was too low to expect any significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that LVSI remains a controversial issue in the management of patients with endometrial cancer. Acquiring a deeper knowledge and uniform criteria could avoid the risk of undertreatment and overtreatment in this group of patients with early-stage endometrial cancer. The identification of vascular pseudoinvasion is recommended, although the clinical and prognostic implications still need to be determined.
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Nomogram to Predict Risk of Lymph Node Metastases in Patients With Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2017; 35:395-401. [PMID: 26598977 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pelvic lymphadenectomy in early-stage endometrial cancer is controversial, but the findings influence prognosis and treatment decisions. Noninvasive tools to identify women at high risk of lymph node metastasis can assist in determining the need for lymph node dissection and adjuvant treatment for patients who do not have a lymph node dissection performed initially. A retrospective review of surgical pathology was conducted for endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma at our institution. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of selected pathologic features were performed. A nomogram to predict for lymph node metastasis was constructed. From August 1996 to October 2013, 296 patients underwent total abdominal or laparoscopic hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and selective lymphadenectomy for endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Median age at surgery was 62.7 yr (range, 24.9-93.6 yr). Median number of lymph nodes removed was 13 (range, 1-72). Of all patients, 38 (12.8%) had lymph node metastases. On univariate analysis, tumor size ≥4 cm, grade, lymphovascular space involvement, cervical stromal involvement, adnexal or serosal or parametrial involvement, positive pelvic washings, and deep (more than one half) myometrial invasion were all significantly associated with lymph node involvement. In a multivariate model, lymphovascular space involvement, deep myometrial invasion, and cervical stromal involvement remained significant predictors of nodal involvement, whereas tumor size of ≥4 cm was borderline significant. A lymph node predictive nomogram was constructed using these factors. Our nomogram can help estimate risk of nodal disease and aid in directing the need for additional surgery or adjuvant therapy in patients without lymph node surgery. Lymphovascular space involvement is the most important predictor for lymph node metastases, regardless of grade, and should be consistently assessed.
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30
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Uccella S, Bonzini M, Malzoni M, Fanfani F, Palomba S, Aletti G, Corrado G, Ceccaroni M, Seracchioli R, Shakir F, Ferrero A, Berretta R, Tinelli R, Vizza E, Roviglione G, Casarella L, Volpi E, Cicinelli E, Scambia G, Ghezzi F. The effect of a uterine manipulator on the recurrence and mortality of endometrial cancer: a multi-centric study by the Italian Society of Gynecological Endoscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 216:592.e1-592.e11. [PMID: 28147240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although widely adopted, the use of a uterine manipulator during laparoscopic treatment of endometrial cancer represents a debated issue, and some authors hypothesize that it potentially may cause an increased risk of relapse, particularly at specific sites. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate the risk and site of disease recurrence, overall survival, and disease-specific survival in women who had laparoscopic surgery with and without the use of a uterine manipulator. STUDY DESIGN Data were reviewed from consecutive patients who had laparoscopic surgery for endometrial cancer staging in 7 Italian centers. Subjects were stratified according to whether a uterine manipulator was used during surgery; if so, the type of manipulator was identified. Multivariable analysis to correct for possible confounders and propensity score that matched the minimize selection bias were utilized. The primary outcome was the risk of disease recurrence. Secondary outcomes were disease-specific and overall survival and the site of recurrence, according to the use or no use of the uterine manipulator and to the different types of manipulators used. RESULTS We included 951 patients: 579 patients in the manipulator group and 372 patients in the no manipulator group. After a median follow-up period of 46 months (range,12-163 months), the rate of recurrence was 13.5% and 11.6% in the manipulator and no manipulator groups, respectively (P=.37). Positive lymph nodes and myometrial invasion of >50% were associated independently with the risk of recurrence after adjustment for possible confounders. The use of a uterine manipulator did not affect the risk of recurrence, both at univariate (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.77) and multivariable analysis (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-1.70). Disease-free, disease-specific, and overall survivals were similar between groups. Propensity-matched analysis confirmed these findings. The site of recurrence was comparable between groups. In addition, the type of uterine manipulator and the presence or not of a balloon at the tip of the device were not associated significantly with the risk of recurrence. CONCLUSION The use of a uterine manipulator during laparoscopic surgery does not affect the risk of recurrence and has no impact on disease-specific or overall survival and on the site of recurrence in women affected by endometrial cancer.
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Hanley KZ, Birdsong GG, Mosunjac MB. Recent Developments in Surgical Pathology of the Uterine Corpus. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:528-541. [PMID: 28353387 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0284-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There have been several updates recently on the classification of uterine tumors. Endometrial carcinomas have traditionally been divided into 2 types, but some are difficult to classify and do not fit readily into either of the currently recognized categories. The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network has recently defined 4 new categories of endometrial cancer on the basis of mutational spectra, copy number alteration, and microsatellite instability, which might provide independent prognostic information beyond established risk factors. The Society of Gynecologic Oncology, moreover, now recommends systematic screening of every patient with endometrial cancer for Lynch syndrome. The new definition of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma disregards the number of mitotic figures as a primary diagnostic criterion and instead specifies moderate atypia still resembling stromal origin but lacking the pleomorphism of undifferentiated uterine sarcoma; these tumors also harbor a JAZF1-SUZ12 gene rearrangement. Mitotic count, atypia, and coagulative necrosis are the main histologic criteria that define leiomyosarcoma. Determining the type of necrosis can be very challenging in patients receiving various treatment modalities for symptomatic fibroids before myomectomy, since key histologic features of ischemic-type necrosis are often absent. Ancillary stains including p16, p53, MIB-1, trichrome, and reticulin may be helpful in tumors harboring necrosis that is difficult to classify. Minimally invasive gynecologic surgeries have introduced histologic artifacts that complicate the diagnosis. It is essential to recognize these as procedure-related artifacts to avoid upstaging tumors and triggering unnecessary adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina B Mosunjac
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Hanley); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia (Drs Birdsong and Mosunjac)
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van der Putten LJM, Wollinga T, Pijnenborg JMA. Letter-to-the-Editor "Laparoscopic treatment of early-stage endometrial cancer with and without uterine manipulator: Our experience and review of literature" by Tinelli R et al. (Surgical Oncology 25 (2016) 98-103). Surg Oncol 2016; 33:189-190. [PMID: 27262493 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis J M van der Putten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Wollinga
- Erasmus University Medical Faculty, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M A Pijnenborg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
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French BL, Zynger DL. Do Histopathologic Variables Affect the Reporting of Lymphovascular Invasion in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors? Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 145:341-9. [PMID: 27124916 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identification of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) is a challenging yet important aspect of cancer staging that can alter therapeutic management. Our study aimed to identify pathologic features that affect the reporting of LVI. METHODS Pathology report and slide review of orchiectomies performed at our institution between 2007 and 2013 for testicular GCTs were performed. RESULTS Seminomas grossed by residents had a higher rate of reported LVI compared with specimens grossed by pathology assistants (46% vs 15%). Tumor displacement artifact was more frequent in seminomas vs mixed GCTs (60% vs 38%). LVI concordance was high upon review (κ = 0.77), with displacement artifact present in all discrepancies. Tumor emboli from cases reported to have LVI had a higher frequency of tumor cohesiveness, smooth contours, and adherence to vessel walls compared with tumor emboli that were considered pseudo-LVI. Presence of fibrin and RBCs were features found at a similar frequency in emboli that were reported as LVI compared with those deemed artifactual. CONCLUSIONS Grosser type, tumor subtype, tumor displacement artifact, and characteristics of tumor emboli are pathologic features that affect the interpretation of LVI in testicular GCTs. Pathologists should be aware of these variables to more accurately diagnose LVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce L French
- From the Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Debra L Zynger
- From the Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus.
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Soslow RA. Practical issues related to uterine pathology: staging, frozen section, artifacts, and Lynch syndrome. Mod Pathol 2016; 29 Suppl 1:S59-77. [PMID: 26715174 PMCID: PMC4821462 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review covers three areas in endometrial tumor pathology: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, the use of frozen section, and Lynch syndrome. The section on FIGO staging will emphasize problems that practicing pathologists often confront, such as measuring the depth of myometrial invasion, assessing for the presence of cervical stromal invasion, detecting low-volume lymph node metastases, and recognizing synchronous endometrial and ovarian tumors and artifacts. The frozen section portion of this review will focus on the performance characteristics of intraoperative examination of the uterus to determine tumor grade and depth of myometrial invasion, including suggestions for alternative methods. The last portion of this review will provide an overview of Lynch syndrome and a discussion of the rationale and methods of screening for Lynch syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Soslow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, Tel. 212-639-5905
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Rutgers JKL. Update on pathology, staging and molecular pathology of endometrial (uterine corpus) adenocarcinoma. Future Oncol 2015; 11:3207-18. [PMID: 26551559 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is comprised of two major groups: type I that is hormonally driven with a good prognosis and type II that is hormone independent with a poor prognosis. The two most common subtypes are endometrioid adenocarcinoma, the prototypic type I cancer, and uterine serous carcinoma, the prototypic type II cancer, each with their own distinct precursor lesion. The histologic type, as codified by the WHO Tumor Classification system, grade, and stage are used to guide treatment. There is an increasing interest in screening for familial risk factors, specifically Lynch syndrome. A molecular classification of endometrial cancers holds promise for future improvements in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne K L Rutgers
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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van den Haak L, Alleblas C, Nieboer TE, Rhemrev JP, Jansen FW. Efficacy and safety of uterine manipulators in laparoscopic surgery: a review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 292:1003-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hopkins MR, Richmond AM, Cheng G, Davidson S, Spillman MA, Sheeder J, Post MD, Guntupalli SR. Lymphovascular space invasion in robotic surgery for endometrial cancer. JSLS 2014; 18:e2014.00021. [PMID: 25392608 PMCID: PMC4154398 DOI: 10.4293/jsls.2014.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive surgery has become a standard treatment for endometrial cancer and offers significant benefits over abdominal approaches. There are discrepant data regarding lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and positive peritoneal cytology with the use of a uterine manipulator, with previous small-scale studies demonstrating an increased incidence of these prognostically important events. We sought to determine if there was a higher incidence of LVSI in patients who underwent robot-assisted surgery for endometrial cancer. METHODS We performed a single-institution review of medical records for patients who underwent open abdominal or robot-assisted hysterectomy for endometrial cancer over a 24-month period. The following data were abstracted: age, tumor grade and stage, size, depth of invasion, LVSI, and peritoneal cytology. For patients with LVSI, slides were reviewed by 2 pathologists for confirmation of LVSI. RESULTS Of 104 patients identified, LVSI was reported in 39 (37.5%) and positive peritoneal cytology in 6 (4.8%). Rates of peritoneal cytology were not significantly different between the 2 groups (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-3.17; P=.50). LVSI was reported in significantly fewer robot-assisted hysterectomies than open procedures (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.92; P=.03). In subgroup analyses restricted to early-stage disease (stage≤II), there was no significant difference in LVSI between open and robot-assisted hysterectomies (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.85; P=.43). CONCLUSION In this retrospective study, we found that use of a uterine manipulator in robot-assisted surgery did not increase the incidence of LVSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hopkins
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Zhang C, Havrilesky LJ, Broadwater G, Di Santo N, Ehrisman JA, Lee PS, Berchuck A, Alvarez Secord A, Bean S, Bentley RC, Valea FA. Relationship between minimally invasive hysterectomy, pelvic cytology, and lymph vascular space invasion: a single institution study of 458 patients. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 133:211-5. [PMID: 24582867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine whether a minimally invasive approach to hysterectomy is associated with an increased rate of lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI) and/or malignant pelvic peritoneal cytology in endometrial cancer. METHODS We performed a single institution analysis of 458 women with endometrial cancer who underwent either total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) or minimally invasive hysterectomy (MIH) with use of a disposable uterine manipulator. All patients had endometrial cancer diagnosed by endometrial biopsy at a single academic institution between 2002 and 2012. Exclusion criteria were pre-operative D&C and/or hysteroscopy, uterine perforation or morcellation, and conversion to laparotomy. Multivariate logistic regression models to determine if type of hysterectomy predicts either LVSI or presence of abnormal cytology were controlled for grade, stage, depth of invasion, tumor size, cervical and adnexal involvement. RESULTS LVSI was identified in 39/214 (18%) MIH and 44/242 (18%) TAH (p=0.99). Pelvic washings were malignant in 14/203 (7%) MIH and 16/241 (7%) TAH (p=1.0). Washings were atypical or inconclusive in 16/203 (8%) MIH and 6/241 (2.5%) TAH (p=0.014). In multivariate analyses, type of hysterectomy was not a significant predictor of either LVSI (p=0.29) or presence of malignant washings (p=0.66), but was a predictor of atypical or inconclusive washings (p=0.03). CONCLUSION Minimally invasive hysterectomy with use of a uterine manipulator for endometrial cancer is not associated with LVSI or malignant cytology. Algorithms that better determine the etiology and implications of inconclusive or atypical pelvic cytology are needed to inform the possible additional risk associated with a minimally invasive approach to endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Zhang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laura J Havrilesky
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Gloria Broadwater
- Biostatistics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicola Di Santo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jessie A Ehrisman
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Paula S Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sarah Bean
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rex C Bentley
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fidel A Valea
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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McFarland M, Craig E, Lioe TF, Dobbs SP, McCluggage WG. Artefactual displacement of cervical epithelium showing CIN III to fallopian tubes during laparoscopic hysterectomy with intrauterine balloon manipulator. Histopathology 2014; 65:139-41. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie McFarland
- Department of Pathology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
| | - Elaine Craig
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
| | - Tong F Lioe
- Department of Pathology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
| | - Stephen P Dobbs
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
| | - W Glenn McCluggage
- Department of Pathology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
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Sneige N, Dawlett MA, Kologinczak TL, Guo M. Endosalpingiosis in peritoneal washings in women with benign gynecologic conditions: thirty-eight cases confirmed with paired box-8 immunohistochemical staining and correlation with surgical biopsy findings. Cancer Cytopathol 2013; 121:582-90. [PMID: 23674372 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better define the cytomorphologic spectrum of endosalpingiosis in peritoneal washings (PWs) and thereby facilitate their distinction from well differentiated serous carcinoma, the authors examined PWs from women who underwent surgery and pathologic staging of lesions other than Mullerian malignancies and correlated the findings with surgical specimens. METHODS This was a retrospective review of medical records and PW specimens from 100 consecutive patients who had PWs coded as both "endosalpingiosis" and "negative for carcinoma" between 2002 and 2012. Thirty-eight of these patients had no gynecologic malignancies. Specimens had been prepared using cytocentrifugation and were stained using the Papanicolaou method. The cytologic findings evaluated were cell arrangement, number of cell groups per case, cellular atypia, and psammoma bodies. Smears also were assessed for paired box-8 (PAX8) immunostaining. The authors compared patients' staging biopsy findings with the findings from a review of the PWs. RESULTS PW specimens from 35 of 38 patients (92%) exhibited classic endosalpingiosis features: tubular or small branching papillary structures, some with psammoma bodies. Specimens from the 3 remaining patients displayed nonclassic features consistent with dislodged fallopian tube epithelium or endometriosis. From 2 to 20 clusters per slide and from 4 to 50 groups per case were identified. In a few cases, some cell clusters exhibited up to moderate cytologic atypia. Surgical findings included endometriosis, endosalpingiosis, both endometriosis and endosalpingiosis (12 patients; 31.6%), and a variety of unrelated pelvic lesions. All cases were PAX8-positive, confirming their Mullerian origin. CONCLUSIONS Endosalpingiosis in PWs can be diagnostically challenging. Awareness of intraoperative techniques and correlation with surgical biopsy findings are necessary to avoid a misdiagnosis of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Sneige
- Department of Pathology, Section of Cytology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Laury AR, Quick CM. Diagnostic dilemmas and potential pitfalls in the evaluation of endometrial adenocarcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Momeni M, Kolev V, Cardenas-Goicoechea J, Getrajdman J, Fishman D, Chuang L, Kalir T, Rahaman J, Zakashansky K. Does the type of surgery for early-stage endometrial cancer affect the rate of reported lymphovascular space invasion in final pathology specimens? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208:71.e1-6. [PMID: 23099190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH), which usually involves the use of an intrauterine manipulator for optimal surgical control, has been shown to be as effective and safe as conventional total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) for the staging of endometrial carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of an intrauterine manipulator was associated with an increase in the pathologic reporting of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), which is an important determinant in choosing adjuvant therapy. We hypothesized that intracavitary manipulation and an increase of the intrauterine pressure could cause pseudolymphovascular invasion. STUDY DESIGN We performed a retrospective chart review of endometrial cancer patients treated at our institution from January 1996 through January 2006. Records were reviewed for patient's age, preoperative diagnosis, procedure type, final surgical staging, and final pathology report. Using the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging, we included all patients having stage IA or IB endometrioid-type endometrial cancer who had undergone either a TAH or LAVH with or without pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection. The χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used to measure the association between risk of positive lymphovascular invasion and surgical groups. RESULTS Of 568 women identified as having endometrioid-type endometrial cancer, 486 (85.6%) met criteria for stage IA-IB endometrioid histology, grade 1, 2, or 3. LVSI was reported in 553/568 cases, with LVSI positivity in 16.9% (n = 96/568). The mean ages of the LAVH and TAH groups were significantly different (59.4 vs 62.4 years, respectively, P = .0050). Also, mean estimated blood loss and uterine weight significantly varied between TAH and LAVH groups (P = .0001 and .008, respectively). For stage IA, 17/220 (7.7%) who had been treated with LAVH had positive LVSI compared with 20/199 (10.1%) of patients receiving TAH (P = .73). For stage IB, 11/25 (44.0%) of patients treated with LAVH had positive LVSI compared with 10/31 (32.3%) of patients receiving TAH (P = .53). The stage I cancer patients were further subdivided into histological grades 1, 2, and 3, and LVSI was not significantly different between TAH and LAVH groups per grade of cancer. We found no differences between TAH and LAVH in early-stage endometrial cancer (stage IA and IB), with respect to the presence of positive peritoneal washings. CONCLUSION In early-stage endometrial cancer (stage IA and IB), there were no differences between TAH and LAVH in the final pathologic report of LVSI. The use of an intrauterine manipulator for LAVH was not associated with an increased detection of LVSI.
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Rakowski JA, Tran TAN, Ahmad S, James JA, Brudie LA, Pernicone PJ, Radi MJ, Holloway RW. Does a uterine manipulator affect cervical cancer pathology or identification of lymphovascular space involvement? Gynecol Oncol 2012; 127:98-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer Using an Intrauterine Manipulator: Is It a Bias for Frozen Section Analysis? Case-Control Study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011; 18:184-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Well Differentiated Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Corpus. Surg Pathol Clin 2011; 4:149-98. [PMID: 26837292 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The distinction between atypical endometrial hyperplasia and well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is one of the more difficult differential diagnoses in gynecologic pathology. Different pathologists apply different histologic criteria, often with different individual thresholds for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and grade 1 adenocarcinoma. While some classifications are based on a series of molecular genetic alterations (which may or may not translate into biologically or clinically relevant risk lesions), almost all current diagnostic criteria use a series of histologic features - usually a combination of architecture and cytology - for diagnosing atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. This article presents evidence-based histologic criteria for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and low grade endometrial carcinoma (both FIGO grade 1 and 2) with emphasis on common and not so common histologic mimics. Grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma is discussed in the Oliva and Soslow article in this publication.
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Folkins AK, Nevadunsky NS, Saleemuddin A, Jarboe EA, Muto MG, Feltmate CM, Crum CP, Hirsch MS. Evaluation of vascular space involvement in endometrial adenocarcinomas: laparoscopic vs abdominal hysterectomies. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:1073-9. [PMID: 20473276 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have described 'vascular pseudoinvasion' in total laparoscopic hysterectomies with endometrial carcinoma. To better understand this phenomenon, we compared pathologic findings in these laparoscopic and total abdominal hysterectomies performed for uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Reports from 58 robotically assisted laparoscopic and 39 abdominal hysterectomies with grade 1 or 2 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas were reviewed for stage, depth of invasion, vascular space involvement, uterine weight, and lymph node metastases. In addition, attention was given to possible procedural artifacts, including vertical endomyometrial clefts, and inflammatory debris, benign endometrial glands, and disaggregated tumor cells in vascular spaces. All foci with vascular involvement were reviewed by three gynecologic pathologists. Nine of the 58 (16%) laparoscopic and 3 of the 39 (7%) abdominal hysterectomies contained vascular space involvement based on the original pathology reports (P-value=0.0833). No one histologic feature consistently distinguished laparoscopic from abdominal cases on blind review of the available cases. Disaggregated intravascular tumor cells were significantly associated with reported vascular involvement in both procedures (P-values<0.001 and 0.016), most of which were corroborated on review. Laparoscopic procedures tend to have a higher index of vascular involvement, which is associated with lower stage, fewer lymph node metastases, and less myometrial invasion; however, pathologists cannot consistently determine the procedure on histologic findings alone. Moreover, there is significant inter-observer variability in distinguishing true from artifactual vascular space involvement, even among pathologists at the same institution. The clinical significance of apparent true vascular space involvement seen adjacent to artifacts is unclear, as is the impact of laparoscopic hysterectomy on recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann K Folkins
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Vascular Involvement in Adenomyosis: Report of a Large Series of a Common Phenomenon With Observations on the Pathogenesis of Adenomyosis. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2010; 29:117-21. [DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e3181b7018d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jorns JM, Knoepp SM. Occult fallopian tube carcinoma detected in routine pelvic washing specimens submitted for staging: Another justification for pelvic washing cytology? Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:923-9. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.21129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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McCluggage WG. Problematic areas in the reporting of endometrial carcinomas in hysterectomy specimens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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