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Ghasemi E, Bahrami T, Majdzadeh R, Negarandeh R, Rajabi F. Peer interventions to improve HIV testing uptake among immigrants: A realist review. Health Promot Perspect 2024; 14:19-31. [PMID: 38623348 PMCID: PMC11016139 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.42639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As a vulnerable group in HIV control programs, immigrants face various obstacles to HIV testing. Despite the effectiveness of peer interventions on health promotion in HIV testing, relatively little is known about how these interventions work. This realist review aims to understand why, how, and under what conditions peer interventions can improve immigrants' HIV testing uptake. Methods We followed the steps suggested by Pawson and colleagues for conducting the realist review. To test a initial program theory, we first systematically searched databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane, as well as the websites of UNAIDS, World Bank, Global Fund, WHO, and IOM. After data extraction and quality appraisal, data synthesis was conducted to explain the intervention pathways corresponding to context-mechanism-outcome configurations. Results Seventeen studies were included in the review. Peer interventions for improving immigrants' HIV testing uptake worked through four pathways: Following the improvement of communications (as a proximal mechanism): 1) increasing awareness, 2) reduced stigma, 3) improved support, and 4) increased access to services could lead to improved HIV testing uptake among immigrants. The identified mechanisms were influenced by three groups of individual/ interpersonal, service delivery, and structural factors. Conclusion Peer interventions with multiple strategies to be designed and implemented considering the barriers to HIV testing and also moving beyond one-size-fits-all approaches can successfully improve the immigrants' HIV testing uptake. The refined program theory in this study can help the healthcare providers and policy-makers promote the immigrants' HIV testing uptake and reduce the risk of disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghasemi
- Community Based Participatory Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Bahrami
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Majdzadeh
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
- Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Negarandeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- Community Based Participatory Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Academic and Health Policy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Essayagh T, Essayagh M, Essayagh F, Rattal M, Bukassa G, Lemriss H, Mahdaoui EK, Himmouche N, Kouyate MF, Essayagh S. Prevalence and determinants of intercourse without condoms among migrants and refugees in Morocco, 2021: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22491. [PMID: 36577780 PMCID: PMC9797539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the world's migratory flow, the risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among migrants is increasing. The prevalence of intercourse without condoms with a casual or commercial sex partner, a high-risk sexual behavior for HIV infection, is unknown among migrants. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of intercourse without condoms among migrants and the risk factors associated with not using condoms. In Oujda, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 416 sexually active migrants. We used a multistage sampling method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants to collect socio-demographic information, disease perception, behavioral habits, sexual behavioral habits, and para-clinical parameters. A multivariate logistical regression analysis identified the risk factors associated with high-risk HIV sexual behaviors. The prevalence of intercourse without condoms with a casual or commercial sex partner was 72.8%, with a median age of 25.0 years, and 212 (69.9%) were males. The prevalence of HIV was 0.2%. Being homeless, having difficulty obtaining condoms, and only having a basic education were all risk factors for these sexual behaviors. Migrants with precarious living conditions are at increased risk of having intercourse without condoms. This group must be prioritized by strengthening public health programs targeting the health of migrants as well as the intervention of thematic non-governmental organizations. Vigilant monitoring of the HIV epidemic, with a focus on vulnerable populations, should be a high priority in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touria Essayagh
- grid.440487.b0000 0004 4653 426XLaboratoire Sciences et Technologies de la Santé, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Meriem Essayagh
- Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits Alimentaires, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Firdaous Essayagh
- grid.20715.310000 0001 2337 1523Laboratoire Droit Privé et Enjeux de Développement, Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco
| | - Mourad Rattal
- grid.440487.b0000 0004 4653 426XLaboratoire Sciences et Technologies de la Santé, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Germain Bukassa
- Department of Indigenous Services Canada/Government of Canada, Health Surveillance and Assessment Unit, First Nations and Inuit Health, Saskatchewan Region, Regina, SK Canada
| | - Hajar Lemriss
- grid.440487.b0000 0004 4653 426XLaboratoire Sciences et Technologies de la Santé, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - El Khansa Mahdaoui
- grid.463252.4Ministère de la Santé et de la Protection Sociale, Direction d’Epidémiologie et de Lutte contre les Maladies, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naoufal Himmouche
- grid.440487.b0000 0004 4653 426XInstitut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Laboratoire Ingénierie Didactique, Entrepreneuriat, Arts et Littératures, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Mady Fanta Kouyate
- Unité Investigation et Recherche, Département de Surveillance à l’Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Sanah Essayagh
- grid.440487.b0000 0004 4653 426XLaboratoire Agroalimentaire et Santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
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Vasylyev M, Skrzat-Klapaczyńska A, Bernardino JI, Săndulescu O, Gilles C, Libois A, Curran A, Spinner CD, Rowley D, Bickel M, Aichelburg MC, Nozza S, Wensing A, Barber TJ, Waters L, Jordans C, Bramer W, Lakatos B, Tovba L, Koval T, Kyrychenko T, Dumchev K, Buhiichyk V, Smyrnov P, Antoniak S, Antoniak S, Vasylyeva TI, Mazhnaya A, Kowalska J, Bhagani S, Rokx C. Unified European support framework to sustain the HIV cascade of care for people living with HIV including in displaced populations of war-struck Ukraine. THE LANCET HIV 2022; 9:e438-e448. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(22)00125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Harsono D, Peterson H, Nyhan K, Khoshnood K. Factors associated with HIV acquisition in the context of humanitarian crises: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2022; 20:1852-1860. [PMID: 35249997 PMCID: PMC10395317 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-21-00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to describe the global evidence on factors associated with HIV acquisition among individuals affected by humanitarian crises. INTRODUCTION Humanitarian crises are described as an event or series of events originating from natural causes or human intervention that represents a critical threat to the health, safety, security, and well-being of a community. Humanitarian crises have generated a continued rise in the number of displaced persons worldwide. This forcible displacement may increase the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among the affected populations through poverty, food insecurity, social instability, and lack of access to health services during and after a crisis. Understanding factors that may contribute to HIV acquisition among these populations will allow stakeholders to be better equipped in providing HIV prevention services and programs in humanitarian settings and to prioritize research efforts. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider studies containing empirical data published in peer-reviewed and gray literature that investigate factors associated with HIV acquisition in populations affected by humanitarian crises caused by natural disasters and human-made complex emergencies. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health (all accessed via Ovid), Scopus, and gray literature will be systematically searched. Studies published in English from 1990 will be included. Titles and abstracts of identified citations will be screened independently and assessed for eligibility by two authors. Potentially relevant full-text studies and data will be extracted by these authors using a data extraction form. Data will be presented in tabular form, figures, and a narrative summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Harsono
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Gebreyesus H, Berhe T, Welegebriel Z, Wubayehu T, Hailemariam G, Gebrekirstos G, Teweldemedhin M. Premarital sexual practice and associated factors among adolescents in the refugee camps in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:415. [PMID: 31307553 PMCID: PMC6631621 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Premarital sexual practice during adolescence time may lead to different sexual and reproductive health problems including HIV/AIDS. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of premarital sexual practice and associated factors among adolescents living in the refugee camps in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. RESULT The prevalence of premarital sexual practice was 47.6% [95% CI (43.3%, 51.9%)]. The age (mean ± SD) of the study participants was 17.4 ± 2.71 (15-24 years) and 68.8% of them were males. Being in the age group 14-19 years [AOR = 4.50, 95% CI (2.29-8.84)] or 20-24 years [AOR = 9.76, CI (4.58-20.82)], living with friends [AOR = 5.24, 95% CI (2.28-12.05)] or alone [AOR = 5.72, 95% CI (2.69-12.19)], being in primary school [AOR = 6.93, 95% CI (3.08-15.57)] or college [AOR = 4.33, CI (1.44-13.02)], getting pocket money [AOR = 4.14, 95% CI (2.31-7.41)], parents being either divorced [AOR = 5.11, 95% CI (2.42-10.80)] or widowed [AOR = 3.52, 95% CI (1.69-7.33)], alcohol consumption [AOR = 1.99, 95% CI (1.20-3.38)] were independent predictors of premarital sexual practice among the adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailay Gebreyesus
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Aksum University, P.O. Box 298, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfay Berhe
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Aksum University, P.O. Box 298, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Zemichael Welegebriel
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Aksum University, P.O. Box 298, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Tewolde Wubayehu
- School of Medicine, College of Health Science, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Gebretsadik Hailemariam
- Administration for Refugee and Returnee Affairs Adiharsh Eritrean Refugee Camps Health and Neutrino Coordinator, Adiharsh,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gebretsadkan Gebrekirstos
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
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Logie CH, Khoshnood K, Okumu M, Rashid SF, Senova F, Meghari H, Kipenda CU. Self care interventions could advance sexual and reproductive health in humanitarian settings. BMJ 2019; 365:l1083. [PMID: 30936067 PMCID: PMC6441869 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Forcibly displaced people often lack access to adequate sexual and reproductive health services. Carmen Logie and colleagues examine the role of self care interventions in filling the gap
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen H Logie
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Moses Okumu
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabina Faiz Rashid
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fidan Senova
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Balcalı Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hamza Meghari
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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Chamla D, Luo C, Idele P. Children, HIV, emergencies and Sustainable Development Goals: roadblocks ahead and possible solutions. J Int AIDS Soc 2018; 21 Suppl 1. [PMID: 29485728 PMCID: PMC5978666 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dick Chamla
- UNICEF Emergency Response Team, Health section, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chewe Luo
- UNICEF HIV Section, New York, NY, USA
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Serbessa MK, Mariam DH, Kassa A, Alwan F, Kloos H. HIV/AIDS among pastoralists and refugees in north-east Africa: a neglected problem. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2016; 15:45-54. [PMID: 27002357 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2016.1148060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The eight member states (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda) of the Intergovernmental Authority for Development (IGAD) have the largest proportions of cross-border mobile pastoralists and refugees in Africa. Although all IGAD countries have had national HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment programmes since the late 1980s, the IGAD Regional HIV & AIDS Partnership Program was (IRAPP) established in 2007 to mitigate the challenges of HIV among neglected pastoral and refugee communities. This article assesses vulnerability of pastoralists and refugee communities to HIV and interventions targeting these groups in the IGAD countries. Outcomes from this study may serve as a baseline for further research and to improve interventions. Published articles were accessed through web searches using PubMed and Google Scholar engines and unpublished documents were collected manually. The search terms were HIV risk behaviour, vulnerability, HIV prevalence and interventions, under the headings pastoralists, refugees, IGAD and north-east Africa for the period 2001-2014. Of the 214 documents reviewed, 78 met the inclusion criteria and were included. Most HIV/AIDS related studies focusing of pastoral communities in IGAD countries were found to be limited in scope and coverage but reveal precarious situations. Sero-prevalence among various pastoral populations ranged from 1% to 21% in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia and Uganda and from 1% to 5% among refugees in Sudan, Kenya and Uganda. Socioeconomic, cultural, logistic, infrastructure and programmatic factors were found to contribute to continuing vulnerability to HIV. Interventions need to be further contextualised to the needs of those impoverished populations and integrated into national HIV/AIDS programmes. HIV/AIDS remains a major public health concern among the pastoral and refugee communities of IGAD countries. This calls for IGAD to collaborate with national and international partners in designing and implementing more effective prevention and control programmes. Furthermore, interventions must extend beyond the health sector and improve the livelihood of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damen Haile Mariam
- a School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences , Addis Ababa University
| | - Afework Kassa
- b IGAD Regional HIV/AIDS Partnership Program-Programme Facilitation Office (IRAPP-PFO) , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Fathia Alwan
- c Intergovernmental Authority for Development (IGAD) Secretariat , Djibouti
| | - Helmut Kloos
- d Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of California , San Francisco , USA
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Michalopoulos LM, Aifah A, El-Bassel N. A Systematic Review of HIV Risk Behaviors and Trauma Among Forced and Unforced Migrant Populations from Low and Middle-Income Countries: State of the Literature and Future Directions. AIDS Behav 2016; 20:243-61. [PMID: 25662963 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-015-1014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current systematic review is to examine the relationship between trauma and HIV risk behaviors among both forced and unforced migrant populations from low and middle income countries (LMIC). We conducted a review of studies published from 1995 to 2014. Data were extracted related to (1) the relationship between trauma and HIV risk behaviors, (2) methodological approach, (3) assessment methods, and (4) differences noted between forced and unforced migrants. A total of 340 records were retrieved with 24 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Our review demonstrated an overall relationship between trauma and HIV risk behaviors among migrant populations in LMIC, specifically with sexual violence and sexual risk behavior. However, findings from 10 studies were not in full support of the relationship. Findings from the review suggest that additional research using more rigorous methods is critically needed to understand the nature of the relationship experienced by this key-affected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Murphy Michalopoulos
- Social Intervention Group, Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, Room 804, Mail Code 4600, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Angela Aifah
- Social Intervention Group, Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, Room 804, Mail Code 4600, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Nabila El-Bassel
- Social Intervention Group, Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, Room 804, Mail Code 4600, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Pyone T, Dickinson F, Kerr R, Boschi-Pinto C, Mathai M, van den Broek N. Data collection tools for maternal and child health in humanitarian emergencies: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 2015; 93:648-658A-M. [PMID: 26478629 PMCID: PMC4581640 DOI: 10.2471/blt.14.148429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe tools used for the assessment of maternal and child health issues in humanitarian emergency settings. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge and POPLINE databases for studies published between January 2000 and June 2014. We also searched the websites of organizations active in humanitarian emergencies. We included studies reporting the development or use of data collection tools concerning the health of women and children in humanitarian emergencies. We used narrative synthesis to summarize the studies. FINDINGS We identified 100 studies: 80 reported on conflict situations and 20 followed natural disasters. Most studies (76/100) focused on the health status of the affected population while 24 focused on the availability and coverage of health services. Of 17 different data collection tools identified, 14 focused on sexual and reproductive health, nine concerned maternal, newborn and child health and four were used to collect information on sexual or gender-based violence. Sixty-nine studies were done for monitoring and evaluation purposes, 18 for advocacy, seven for operational research and six for needs assessment. CONCLUSION Practical and effective means of data collection are needed to inform life-saving actions in humanitarian emergencies. There are a wide variety of tools available, not all of which have been used in the field. A simplified, standardized tool should be developed for assessment of health issues in the early stages of humanitarian emergencies. A cluster approach is recommended, in partnership with operational researchers and humanitarian agencies, coordinated by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thidar Pyone
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, E3 5QA, England
| | - Fiona Dickinson
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, E3 5QA, England
| | - Robbie Kerr
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, E3 5QA, England
| | - Cynthia Boschi-Pinto
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child & Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthews Mathai
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child & Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nynke van den Broek
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, E3 5QA, England
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