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Ibrahim K, Kahle EM, Christiani Y, Suryani S. Utilization of Social Media for the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS: A Scoping Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:2443-2458. [PMID: 38799010 PMCID: PMC11127661 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s465905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Social media has been used widely in public health for understanding health risks and intervening to improve health. However, the utilization of social media for HIV prevention and control interventions has not been clearly characterized. We conducted a scoping review on the utilization of social media for HIV prevention and control to identify gaps in the literature and highlight opportunities for future research and intervention. A comprehensive search of seven databases was performed: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), PsycInfo (EBSCO), Scopus, and WOS (Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was used as a framework. A total of 790 articles were screened at the title and abstract level, and 78 were screened at the full-text level. Twenty-three articles met the eligibility criteria for review. We found that Facebook was still the most common social media service used to reach target populations. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals were the primary groups and were the most common targets of social media-based HIV prevention interventions. Outcomes of social media-based interventions, such as increased HIV testing, social networking and social support, condom use attitudes, behavioral skills, and research participation, were reported. Most social media-based interventions have emphasized HIV prevention, with fewer interventions focused on improving linkage to care and adherence to treatment among people living with HIV. Future studies may benefit from using social media for interventions to improve HIV-related outcomes in high-risk populations. This review highlights the potential and challenges of social media approaches for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusman Ibrahim
- Postdoctoral Fellow, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Erin M Kahle
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Science, School of Nursing, and Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Suryani Suryani
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Zhang JM, Wang Y, Mouton M, Zhang J, Shi M. Public Discourse, User Reactions, and Conspiracy Theories on the X Platform About HIV Vaccines: Data Mining and Content Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e53375. [PMID: 38568723 PMCID: PMC11024739 DOI: 10.2196/53375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initiation of clinical trials for messenger RNA (mRNA) HIV vaccines in early 2022 revived public discussion on HIV vaccines after 3 decades of unsuccessful research. These trials followed the success of mRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines but unfolded amid intense vaccine debates during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is crucial to gain insights into public discourse and reactions about potential new vaccines, and social media platforms such as X (formerly known as Twitter) provide important channels. OBJECTIVE Drawing from infodemiology and infoveillance research, this study investigated the patterns of public discourse and message-level drivers of user reactions on X regarding HIV vaccines by analyzing posts using machine learning algorithms. We examined how users used different post types to contribute to topics and valence and how these topics and valence influenced like and repost counts. In addition, the study identified salient aspects of HIV vaccines related to COVID-19 and prominent anti-HIV vaccine conspiracy theories through manual coding. METHODS We collected 36,424 English-language original posts about HIV vaccines on the X platform from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022. We used topic modeling and sentiment analysis to uncover latent topics and valence, which were subsequently analyzed across post types in cross-tabulation analyses and integrated into linear regression models to predict user reactions, specifically likes and reposts. Furthermore, we manually coded the 1000 most engaged posts about HIV and COVID-19 to uncover salient aspects of HIV vaccines related to COVID-19 and the 1000 most engaged negative posts to identify prominent anti-HIV vaccine conspiracy theories. RESULTS Topic modeling revealed 3 topics: HIV and COVID-19, mRNA HIV vaccine trials, and HIV vaccine and immunity. HIV and COVID-19 underscored the connections between HIV vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines, as evidenced by subtopics about their reciprocal impact on development and various comparisons. The overall valence of the posts was marginally positive. Compared to self-composed posts initiating new conversations, there was a higher proportion of HIV and COVID-19-related and negative posts among quote posts and replies, which contribute to existing conversations. The topic of mRNA HIV vaccine trials, most evident in self-composed posts, increased repost counts. Positive valence increased like and repost counts. Prominent anti-HIV vaccine conspiracy theories often falsely linked HIV vaccines to concurrent COVID-19 and other HIV-related events. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight COVID-19 as a significant context for public discourse and reactions regarding HIV vaccines from both positive and negative perspectives. The success of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines shed a positive light on HIV vaccines. However, COVID-19 also situated HIV vaccines in a negative context, as observed in some anti-HIV vaccine conspiracy theories misleadingly connecting HIV vaccines with COVID-19. These findings have implications for public health communication strategies concerning HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueman M Zhang
- Harrington School of Communication and Media, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Magali Mouton
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jixuan Zhang
- Polk School of Communications, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Molu Shi
- College of Business, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Jing F, Li Z, Qiao S, Zhang J, Olatosi B, Li X. Using geospatial social media data for infectious disease studies: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH 2023; 16:130-157. [PMID: 37997607 PMCID: PMC10664840 DOI: 10.1080/17538947.2022.2161652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Geospatial social media (GSM) data has been increasingly used in public health due to its rich, timely, and accessible spatial information, particularly in infectious disease research. This review synthesized 86 research articles that use GSM data in infectious diseases published between December 2013 and March 2022. These articles cover 12 infectious disease types ranging from respiratory infectious diseases to sexually transmitted diseases with spatial levels varying from the neighborhood, county, state, and country. We categorized these studies into three major infectious disease research domains: surveillance, explanation, and prediction. With the assistance of advanced statistical and spatial methods, GSM data has been widely and deeply applied to these domains, particularly in surveillance and explanation domains. We further identified four knowledge gaps in terms of contextual information use, application scopes, spatiotemporal dimension, and data limitations and proposed innovation opportunities for future research. Our findings will contribute to a better understanding of using GSM data in infectious diseases studies and provide insights into strategies for using GSM data more effectively in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Jing
- Geoinformation and Big Data Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Geoinformation and Big Data Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shan Qiao
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Banky Olatosi
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Burgess R, Feliciano JT, Lizbinski L, Ransome Y. Trends and Characteristics of #HIVPrevention Tweets Posted Between 2014 and 2019: Retrospective Infodemiology Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e35937. [PMID: 35969453 PMCID: PMC9412898 DOI: 10.2196/35937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twitter is becoming an increasingly important avenue for people to seek information about HIV prevention. Tweets about HIV prevention may reflect or influence current norms about the acceptability of different HIV prevention methods. Therefore, it may be useful to empirically investigate trends in the level of attention paid to different HIV prevention topics on Twitter over time. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to investigate temporal trends in the frequency of tweets about different HIV prevention topics on Twitter between 2014 and 2019. METHODS We used the Twitter application programming interface to obtain English-language tweets employing #HIVPrevention between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019 (n=69,197, globally). Using iterative qualitative content analysis on samples of tweets, we developed a keyword list to categorize the tweets into 10 prevention topics (eg, condom use, preexposure prophylaxis [PrEP]) and compared the frequency of tweets mentioning each topic over time. We assessed the overall change in the proportions of #HIVPrevention tweets mentioning each prevention topic in 2019 as compared with 2014 using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. We also conducted descriptive analyses to identify the accounts posting the most original tweets, the accounts retweeted most frequently, the most frequently used word pairings, and the spatial distribution of tweets in the United States compared with the number of state-level HIV cases. RESULTS PrEP (13,895 tweets; 20.08% of all included tweets) and HIV testing (7688, 11.11%) were the most frequently mentioned topics, whereas condom use (2941, 4.25%) and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP; 823, 1.19%) were mentioned relatively less frequently. The proportions of tweets mentioning PrEP (327/2251, 14.53%, in 2014, 5067/12,971, 39.1%, in 2019; P≤.001), HIV testing (208/2251, 9.24%, in 2014, 2193/12,971, 16.91% in 2019; P≤.001), and PEP (25/2251, 1.11%, in 2014, 342/12,971, 2.64%, in 2019; P≤.001) were higher in 2019 compared with 2014, whereas the proportions of tweets mentioning abstinence, condom use, circumcision, harm reduction, and gender inequity were lower in 2019 compared with 2014. The top retweeted accounts were mostly UN-affiliated entities; celebrities and HIV advocates were also represented. Geotagged #HIVPrevention tweets in the United States between 2014 and 2019 (n=514) were positively correlated with the number of state-level HIV cases in 2019 (r=0.81, P≤.01). CONCLUSIONS Twitter may be a useful source for identifying HIV prevention trends. During our evaluation period (2014-2019), the most frequently mentioned prevention topics were PrEP and HIV testing in tweets using #HIVPrevention. Strategic responses to these tweets that provide information about where to get tested or how to obtain PrEP may be potential approaches to reduce HIV incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Burgess
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Josemari T Feliciano
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Leonardo Lizbinski
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yusuf Ransome
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Oh J, Bonett S, Kranzler EC, Saconi B, Stevens R. User and Message Level Correlates of Endorsement and Engagement for HIV-related Messages on Twitter: cross sectional study (Preprint). JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 8:e32718. [PMID: 35713945 PMCID: PMC9250060 DOI: 10.2196/32718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Youth and young adults continue to experience high rates of HIV and are also frequent users of social media. Social media platforms such as Twitter can bolster efforts to promote HIV prevention for these individuals, and while HIV-related messages exist on Twitter, little is known about the impact or reach of these messages for this population. Objective This study aims to address this gap in the literature by identifying user and message characteristics that are associated with tweet endorsement (favorited) and engagement (retweeted) among youth and young men (aged 13-24 years). Methods In a secondary analysis of data from a study of HIV-related messages posted by young men on Twitter, we used model selection techniques to examine user and tweet-level factors associated with tweet endorsement and engagement. Results Tweets from personal user accounts garnered greater endorsement and engagement than tweets from institutional users (aOR 3.27, 95% CI 2.75-3.89; P<.001). High follower count was associated with increased endorsement and engagement (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06; P<.001); tweets that discussed STIs garnered lower endorsement and engagement (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47-1.74; P<.001). Conclusions Findings suggest practitioners should partner with youth to design and disseminate HIV prevention messages on social media, incorporate content that resonates with youth audiences, and work to challenge stigma and foster social norms conducive to open conversation about sex, sexuality, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Oh
- Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Bonett
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Bruno Saconi
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robin Stevens
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Abstract
The articles in this special issue of AIDS focus on the application of the so-called Big Data science (BDS) as applied to a variety of HIV-applied research questions in the sphere of health services and epidemiology. Recent advances in technology means that a critical mass of HIV-related health data with actionable intelligence is available for optimizing health outcomes, improving and informing surveillance. Data science will play a key but complementary role in supporting current efforts in prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and response needed to end the HIV epidemic. This collection provides a glimpse of the promise inherent in leveraging the digital age and improved methods in Big Data science to reimagine HIV treatment and prevention in a digital age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bankole Olatosi
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Sten H. Vermund
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
- Department of Health Promotion, Behavior and Education, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
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