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Amsden H, Kourko O, Roth M, Gee K. Antiviral Activities of Interleukin-27: A Partner for Interferons? Front Immunol 2022; 13:902853. [PMID: 35634328 PMCID: PMC9134790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of new, pandemic-level viral threats has brought to the forefront the importance of viral immunology and continued improvement of antiviral therapies. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Accumulating evidence has revealed potent antiviral activities of IL-27 against numerous viruses, including HIV, influenza, HBV and more. IL-27 contributes to the immune response against viruses indirectly by increasing production of interferons (IFNs) which have various antiviral effects. Additionally, IL-27 can directly interfere with viral infection both by acting similarly to an IFN itself and by modulating the differentiation and function of various immune cells. This review discusses the IFN-dependent and IFN-independent antiviral mechanisms of IL-27 and highlights the potential of IL-27 as a therapeutic cytokine for viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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2
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Pang XX, Luo SD, Zhang T, Shi F, Wang CF, Chen XH, Wei YX, Qin L, Wei JX, Luo XQ, Wang JL. Association of interleukin-27 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to HIV infection and disease progression. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2410-2418. [PMID: 30632263 PMCID: PMC6433771 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin‐27 (IL‐27) gene polymorphisms are linked to infectious disease susceptibility and IL‐27 plasma level is associated with HIV infection. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between IL‐27 polymorphisms and susceptibility to HIV infection and disease progression. A total of 300 patients with HIV infection (48 long‐term nonprogressors and 252 typical progressors) and 300 healthy controls were genotyped for three IL‐27 polymorphisms, rs17855750, rs181206, rs40837 which were performed by using multiple single nucleotide primer extension technique. Significant association was found between IL‐27 rs40837 polymorphisms with susceptibility to HIV infection (AG vs AA: adjusted OR = 1.60, 95% CI, 1.11‐2.30, P = 0.012; AG+GG vs AA: adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI, 1.02‐2.03, P = 0.038) and disease progression (LTNP: AG vs AA: adjusted OR = 2.33, 95% CI, 1.13‐4.80, P = 0.021; TP: AG vs AA: adjusted OR = 1.50, 95% CI, 1.04‐2.24, P = 0.030). Serum IL‐27 levels were significantly lower in cases compared to controls (P < 0.001). There were lower serum IL‐27 levels in TPs than in LTNPs (P < 0.001). We further found that LTNPs with rs40837 AG or GG genotype had lower serum IL‐27 levels than with AA genotype (P < 0.05). The CD4+T counts in cases were significantly lower than controls (P < 0.001). In contrast, individuals with rs40837 AG genotype had lower CD4+T counts than with AA genotype in cases (P < 0.05). In addition, CD4+T counts in TPs were significantly lower than LTNPs (P < 0.001). IL‐27 rs40837 polymorphism might influence the susceptibility to HIV infection and disease progression probably by regulating the level of serum IL‐27 or the quantity of CD4+T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Pang
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Shun-Da Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Chun-Fang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xing-Hong Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yu-Xia Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Li Qin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jing-Xi Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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3
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Hotter D, Kirchhoff F. Interferons and beyond: Induction of antiretroviral restriction factors. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:465-477. [PMID: 29345347 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0717-307r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral restriction factors are structurally and functionally diverse cellular proteins that play a key role in the first line of defense against viral pathogens. Although many cell types constitutively express restriction factors at low levels, their induction in response to viral exposure and replication is often required for potent control and repulse of the invading pathogens. It is well established that type I IFNs efficiently induce antiviral restriction factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that other types of IFN, as well as specific cytokines, such as IL-27, and other activators of the cell are also capable of enhancing the expression of restriction factors and hence to establish an antiviral cellular state. Agents that efficiently induce restriction factors, increase their activity, and/or render them resistant against viral antagonists without causing general inflammation and significant side effects hold some promise for novel therapeutic or preventive strategies. In the present review, we summarize some of the current knowledge on the induction of antiretroviral restriction factors and perspectives for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hotter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Gajanayaka N, O'Hara S, Konarski Y, Fernandes J, Muthumani K, Kozlowski M, Angel JB, Kumar A. HIV and HIV-Tat inhibit LPS-induced IL-27 production in human macrophages by distinct intracellular signaling pathways. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:925-939. [PMID: 28698313 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0716-332rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived Mϕs (MDMs) from HIV-infected patients and MDM infected in vitro with HIV exhibit a reduced ability to secrete various cytokines, including IL-12. Recently, IL-27, an IL-12 family cytokine, was shown to inhibit HIV replication in Mϕ. Whether HIV infection or HIV accessory protein(s) impact IL-27 production in Mϕs remains unknown. Herein, we show that in vitro HIV infection, as well as intracellular HIV-Tat (Tat) and Tat peptides, inhibit LPS-induced IL-27 production in human MDMs, suggesting impairment of the TLR4 signaling pathway. To understand the signaling pathways governing HIV or Tat-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced IL-27 production, we first demonstrated that p38 MAPK, PI3K, Src-homology region 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), and Src kinases regulate LPS-induced IL-27 production in MDMs. Tat caused down-regulation of TNFR-associated factor (TRAF)-6 and inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP-1) and subsequently decreased phosphorylation of downstream PI3K and p38 MAPKs, which were implicated in LPS-induced IL-27 production. Whereas SHP-1 and Src kinases regulated LPS-induced IL-27 production, Tat did not inhibit these kinases, suggesting that they were not involved in Tat-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced IL-27 production. In contrast to Tat, in vitro HIV infection of MDM inhibited LPS-induced IL-27 production via inhibition of p38 MAPK activation. Overall, HIV and Tat inhibit LPS-induced IL-27 production in human macrophages via distinct mechanisms: Tat through the inhibition of cIAP-1-TRAF-6 and subsequent inhibition of PI3K and p38 MAPKs, whereas HIV through the inhibition of p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjala Gajanayaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shifawn O'Hara
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yulia Konarski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maya Kozlowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Angel
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; .,Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Garg A, Trout R, Spector SA. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Inhibit Cytomegalovirus Inflammation through Interleukin-27 and B7-H4. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44485. [PMID: 28338007 PMCID: PMC5364511 DOI: 10.1038/srep44485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV/CMV co-infected persons despite prolonged viral suppression often experience persistent immune activation, have an increased frequency of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We examined how HIV MDSC control CD4+ T cell IFNγ response to a CMVpp65 peptide pool (CMVpp65). We show that HIV/CMV co-infected persons with virologic suppression and recovered CD4+ T cells compared to HIV(−)/CMV(+) controls exhibit an increase in CD4+CX3CR1+IFNγ+ cells in response to CMVpp65; MDSC depletion further augmented CD4+CX3CR1+IFNγ+ cells and IFNγ production. IL-2 and IFNγ in response to CMVpp65 were enhanced with depletion of MDSC expanded in presence of HIV (HIV MDSC), but decreased with culture of HIV MDSC with autologous PBMCs. CMVpp65 specific CD4+CX3CR1+IFNγ+ cells were also decreased in presence of HIV MDSC. HIV MDSC overexpressed B7-H4 and silencing B7-H4 increased the production of IL-2 and IFNγ from autologous cells; a process mediated through increased phosphorylated (p)-Akt upon stimulation with CMVpp65. Additionally, IL-27 regulated the expression of B7-H4 on HIV MDSC, and controlled CMV-specific T cell activity by limiting CMVpp65-IFNγ production and expanding CD4+IL-10+ regulatory T cells. These findings provide new therapeutic targets to control the chronic immune activation and endothelial cell inflammation observed in HIV-infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0672, USA
| | - Rodney Trout
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0672, USA
| | - Stephen A Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0672, USA.,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, 92123, USA
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6
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Beltra JC, Decaluwe H. Cytokines and persistent viral infections. Cytokine 2016; 82:4-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ashrafi Hafez A, Ahmadi Vasmehjani A, Baharlou R, Mousavi Nasab SD, Davami MH, Najafi A, Joharinia N, Rezanezhad H, Ahmadi NA, Imanzad M. Analytical assessment of interleukin - 23 and -27 cytokines in healthy people and patients with hepatitis C virus infection (genotypes 1 and 3a). HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e21000. [PMID: 25386199 PMCID: PMC4221962 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.21000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system plays important roles in determining the outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Interleukin-23 and -27 (IL-23 and IL-27) are two novel IL-12 cytokine family members known to enhance the T-lymphocyte response, but their precise involvement in HCV infection is not well known. OBJECTIVES We investigated the serum IL-27 and IL-23 levels in patients with HCV infection and in healthy individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this case-control study, we assessed IL-23 and IL-27 levels in serum of 37 healthy individuals and 64 patients with chronic HCV using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship of cytokines level with liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), HCV genotype and viral load were analyzed. The differences of these cytokine levels in the groups of treatment and no treatment was compared. HCV genotypes were classified by HCV-specific primers methods. HCV RNA loads were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS Serum level of IL-23 was higher in HCV infected patients compared to control group (P = 0.005). However, no significant difference was seen in IL-27 serum level between patients compared to the control group (P = 0.65). There was no significant difference in IL-23 and IL-27 level between genotype 1 HCV-infected- and 3a HCV-infected- patients. Positive moderate correlation between IL-23 and IL-27 with viral load was found in type 3a and 1 HCV-infected patient. Positive relative correlation was seen between ALT and IL-23 in 1a HCV-infected patients, which was higher than 3a HCV-infected patients; but there were no significant difference between serums liver enzymes with IL-23 and IL-27 in respect to genotype 3a and 1a HCV-infected patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings may reflect a vigorous pro-inflammatory reaction orchestrated by the host immune system against chronic HCV. Also, a better understanding of the involvement mechanism considering the correlation between other genotypes with inflammatory cytokines in various stages of disease can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ashrafi Hafez
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abbas Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hasan Davami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Hasan Davami, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7913336086, Fax: +98-791341509,, E-mail:
| | - Ahmad Najafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | - Negar Joharinia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | - Hasan Rezanezhad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | - Nayeb Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Lab Technology and Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Masoumeh Imanzad
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IR Iran
- Young Researchers Club, Shahr-e-Qods branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
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8
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Swaminathan S, Hu Z, Rupert AW, Higgins JM, Dewar RL, Stevens R, Chen Q, Rehm CA, Metcalf JA, Baseler MW, Lane HC, Imamichi T. Plasma interleukin-27 (IL-27) levels are not modulated in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98989. [PMID: 24896094 PMCID: PMC4045808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IL-27 is an immunomodulatory cytokine with potent anti-HIV properties in PBMCs, CD4+ T cells, macrophages and immature dendritic cells. Previous smaller studies have suggested that HIV-1 infection may alter IL-27 and influence HIV-1 pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma IL-27 levels in a well-characterised cohort of HIV-1 infected patients. METHODS Patients were stratified into four groups based on HIV-1 viral load and matched according to age, gender and those receiving antiretroviral treatment. IL-27 levels and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using electrochemiluminescence assays. D-dimer and CD4+ T cell counts were measured using an Enzyme Linked Fluorescence Assay and FACS, respectively. sCD14 and sCD163 were measured using ELISA. HIV-1 viral load was measured by bDNA or qRT-PCR assays. RESULTS Plasma IL-27 levels were measured in 505 patients (462 HIV+, 43 controls). The mean level (±SEM) of IL-27 in controls was 2990.7±682.1 pg/ml, in the <50 copies/ml group it was 2008.0±274.8 pg/ml, in the 51-10,000 copies group it was 1468.7±172.3 pg/ml, in the 10,001-100,000 copies/ml group it was 1237.9±127.3 pg/ml and in the >100,000 copies/ml group it was 1590.1±223.7 pg/ml. No statistically significant difference in IL-27 levels between groups were seen. There were no correlations noted between IL-27 and HIV-1 viral load or CD4+ T cell counts. There was a small correlation noted between D-dimer and IL-27 (Spearman r = 0.09, p = 0.03) and sCD163 and IL-27 (Spearman r = 0.12, p = 0.005). No correlation was observed between IL-27 and CRP or sCD14 levels. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study examining the levels of plasma IL-27 in HIV-1 infection. While IL-27 levels are not significantly altered in HIV-1 infection compared to uninfected controls there may be a small association between IL-27 and D-dimer levels and IL-27 and sCD163 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Swaminathan
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zonghui Hu
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adam W. Rupert
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeanette M. Higgins
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robin L. Dewar
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Randy Stevens
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Qian Chen
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Rehm
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julia A. Metcalf
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Baseler
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - H. Clifford Lane
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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He L, Zhao J, Wang MH, Siu KKY, Gan YX, Chen L, Zee BCY, Yang L, Kung HF, Yang ZR, He ML. Interleukin-27 is differentially associated with HIV viral load and CD4+ T cell counts in therapy-naïve HIV-mono-infected and HIV/HCV-co-infected Chinese. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96792. [PMID: 24816922 PMCID: PMC4016030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and the resultant Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic are major global health challenges; hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection has made the HIV/AIDS epidemic even worse. Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a cytokine which inhibits HIV and HCV replication in vitro, associates with HIV infection and HIV/HCV co-infection in clinical settings. However, the impact of HIV and HCV viral loads on plasma IL-27 expression levels has not been well characterized. In this study, 155 antiretroviral therapy-naïve Chinese were recruited. Among them 80 were HIV- and HCV-negative healthy controls, 45 were HIV-mono-infected and 30 were HIV/HCV-co-infected. Plasma level HIV, HCV, IL-27 and CD4+ number were counted and their correlation, regression relationships were explored. We show that: plasma IL-27 level was significantly upregulated in HIV-mono-infected and HIV/HCV-co-infected Chinese; HIV viral load was negatively correlated with IL-27 titer in HIV-mono-infected subjects whereas the relationship was opposite in HIV/HCV-co-infected subjects; and the relationships between HIV viral loads, IL-27 titers and CD4+ T cell counts in the HIV mono-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection groups were dramatically different. Overall, our results suggest that IL-27 differs in treatment-naïve groups with HIV mono-infections and HIV/HCV co-infections, thereby providing critical information to be considered when caring and treating those with HIV mono-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai He
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maggie Haitian Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenny K. Y. Siu
- Division of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Xia Gan
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benny C. Y. Zee
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Yang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Yang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10
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Swaminathan S, Dai L, Lane HC, Imamichi T. Evaluating the potential of IL-27 as a novel therapeutic agent in HIV-1 infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:571-7. [PMID: 23962745 PMCID: PMC3851681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is an immunomodulatory cytokine with important roles in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In the last five years, the addition of exogenous IL-27 to primary cell cultures has been demonstrated to decrease HIV-1 replication in a number of cell types including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. These in vitro findings suggest that IL-27 may have therapeutic value in the setting of HIV-1 infection. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the biology of IL-27, its effects primarily on HIV-1 replication but also in other viral infections and explore its potential role as a therapeutic cytokine for the treatment of patients with HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Swaminathan
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lue Dai
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - H. Clifford Lane
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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11
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Infection duration and inflammatory imbalance are associated with atherosclerotic risk in HIV-infected never-smokers independent of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2013; 27:2603-14. [PMID: 24100713 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3283634819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether the reported increased atherosclerotic risk among HIV-infected individuals is related to antiretroviral therapy (ART) or HIV infection, whether this risk persists in never-smokers, and whether inflammatory profiles are associated with higher risk. DESIGN Matched cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 100 HIV-infected patients (50 ART-treated >4 years, 50 ART-naive but HIV-infected >2 years) and 50 HIV-negative controls were recruited in age-matched never-smoking male triads (mean age 40.2 years). Carotid intima-media maximal thickness (c-IMT) was measured across 12 sites. Pro-inflammatory [highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), resistin, interleukin-6, interleukin-18, insulin, serum amyloid A, D-dimer) and anti-inflammatory (total and high molecular weight adiponectin, interleukin-27, interleukin-10) markers were dichotomized into high/low scores (based on median values). c-IMT was compared across HIV/treatment groups or inflammatory profiles using linear regression models adjusted for age, diabetes, hypertension, and, for HIV-infected patients, nadir CD4 cell counts. RESULTS Although adjusted c-IMT initially tended to be thicker in ART-exposed patients (P=0.2), in post-hoc analyses stratifying by median HIV duration we observed significantly higher adjusted c-IMT in patients with longer (>7.9 years: 0.760±0.008 mm) versus shorter prevalent duration of known HIV infection (<7.9 years: 0.731±0.008 mm, P=0.02), which remained significant after additionally adjusting for ART (P=0.04). Individuals with low anti-inflammatory profile (<median versus >median score) had thicker c-IMT (0.754±0.006mm versus 0.722±0.006 mm, P<0.001), with anti-inflammatory markers declining as prevalent duration of HIV infection increased (P for linear trend <0.001). CONCLUSION Known HIV duration is related to thicker c-IMT, irrespective of ART, in these carefully selected age-matched never-smoking HIV-treated and ART-naive male individuals. Higher levels of anti-inflammatory markers appeared protective for atherosclerosis.
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests an essential role of the heterodimeric cytokine, IL-27, for regulating immunity. IL-27 is composed of two subunits (p28 and EBI3) and is classified as a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines. APCs have been recognized as a major cellular source of IL-27 following activation with microbial products or IFNs (types I and II). In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the implications of IL-27 during the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases. Experimental studies have used genetically targeted IL-27RA-/- mice, EBI3-/- mice, and p28-/- mice or involved study designs with administration of bioengineered IL-27/IL-27RA homologs. Whereas many reports have described that IL-27 suppresses inflammation, we also review the current literature, suggesting promotion of inflammation by IL-27 in some settings. Recent advances have also been made in understanding the cross-talk of cleavage products of the complement system with IL-27-mediated immune responses. Additional data on IL-27 have been obtained recently by observational studies in human patients with acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Collectively, the findings from the past decade identify IL-27 as a critical immunoregulatory cytokine, especially for T cells, whereas some controversy is fueled by results challenging the view of IL-27 as a classical silencer of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bosmann
- 1.University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5602, USA.
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13
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Chen Q, Swaminathan S, Yang D, Dai L, Sui H, Yang J, Hornung RL, Wang Y, Huang DW, Hu X, Lempicki RA, Imamichi T. Interleukin-27 is a potent inhibitor of cis HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived dendritic cells via a type I interferon-independent pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59194. [PMID: 23527130 PMCID: PMC3604098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-27, a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines, plays an important and diverse role in the function of the immune system. Whilst generally recognized as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in addition IL-27 has been found to have broad anti-viral effects. Recently, IL-27 has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 infection in CD4+ T cells and macrophages. The main objective of this study was to see whether IL-27 has a similar inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication in dendritic cells (DCs). Monocytes were differentiated into immature DCs (iDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs) with standard techniques using a combination of GM-CSF, IL-4 and LPS. Following differentiation, iDCs were infected with HIV-1 and co-cultured in the presence or absence of IL-27. IL-27 treated DCs were shown to be highly potent inhibitors of cis HIV-1, particularly of CCR5 tropic strains. Of note, other IL-12 family members (IL-12, IL-23 and IL-35) had no effect on HIV-1 replication. Microarray studies of IL-27 treated DCs showed no up-regulation of Type I (IFN) gene expression. Neutralization of the Type-I IFN receptor had no impact on the HIV inhibition. Lastly, IL-27 mediated inhibition was shown to act post-viral entry and prior to completion of reverse transcription. These results show for the first time that IL-27 is a potent inhibitor of cis HIV-1 infection in DCs by a Type I IFN independent mechanism. IL-27 has previously been reported to inhibit HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells and macrophages, thus taken together, this cytokine is a potent anti-HIV agent against all major cell types targeted by the HIV-1 virus and may have a therapeutic role in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate (ADD), Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Swaminathan
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate (ADD), Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - De Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Basic Research Program Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lue Dai
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate (ADD), Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongyan Sui
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate (ADD), Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jun Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, ADD, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ronald L. Hornung
- Immunological Monitoring Laboratory, ADD, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Immunological Monitoring Laboratory, ADD, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Da Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, ADD, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, ADD, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Lempicki
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, ADD, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate (ADD), Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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Dai L, Lidie KB, Chen Q, Adelsberger JW, Zheng X, Huang D, Yang J, Lempicki RA, Rehman T, Dewar RL, Wang Y, Hornung RL, Canizales KA, Lockett SJ, Lane HC, Imamichi T. IL-27 inhibits HIV-1 infection in human macrophages by down-regulating host factor SPTBN1 during monocyte to macrophage differentiation. J Exp Med 2013; 210:517-34. [PMID: 23460728 PMCID: PMC3600911 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of macrophages to HIV-1 infection is modulated during monocyte differentiation. IL-27 is an anti-HIV cytokine that also modulates monocyte activation. In this study, we present new evidence that IL-27 promotes monocyte differentiation into macrophages that are nonpermissive for HIV-1 infection. Although IL-27 treatment does not affect expression of macrophage differentiation markers or macrophage biological functions, it confers HIV resistance by down-regulating spectrin β nonerythrocyte 1 (SPTBN1), a required host factor for HIV-1 infection. IL-27 down-regulates SPTBN1 through a TAK-1-mediated MAPK signaling pathway. Knockdown of SPTBN1 strongly inhibits HIV-1 infection of macrophages; conversely, overexpression of SPTBN1 markedly increases HIV susceptibility of IL-27-treated macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrate that SPTBN1 associates with HIV-1 gag proteins. Collectively, our results underscore the ability of IL-27 to protect macrophages from HIV-1 infection by down-regulating SPTBN1, thus indicating that SPTBN1 is an important host target to reduce HIV-1 replication in one major element of the viral reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Dai
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Kristy B. Lidie
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Qian Chen
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Joseph W. Adelsberger
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Xin Zheng
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - DaWei Huang
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jun Yang
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Richard A. Lempicki
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Tauseef Rehman
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Robin L. Dewar
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Ronald L. Hornung
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Kelsey A. Canizales
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Stephen J. Lockett
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - H. Clifford Lane
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Applied and Developmental Directorate and Advanced Technology Program Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
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Guzzo C, Jung M, Graveline A, Banfield BW, Gee K. IL-27 increases BST-2 expression in human monocytes and T cells independently of type I IFN. Sci Rep 2012; 2:974. [PMID: 23240078 PMCID: PMC3521153 DOI: 10.1038/srep00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-27 modulates inflammatory responses by influencing cytokine secretion and CD4 T cell differentiation. Recently, IL-27 was demonstrated to inhibit HIV replication by inducing type I interferon (IFN) expression and subsequent IFN-dependent expression of apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC)-3 family members, a group of antiviral cytidine deaminases. To characterize other anti-viral genes modulated by IL-27, we examined another IFN-responsive gene: tetherin/bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2). Our study shows that IL-27 can directly induce BST-2 expression, independently of an intermediary type I IFN response. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated IL-27-induced BST-2 mRNA expression as early as 2h after exposure of cells to IL-27. In the presence of the type I IFN-neutralizing protein, B18R, IL-27-induced BST-2 expression was maintained, demonstrating that IFN is not an intermediary in IL-27-induced BST-2. Taken together, our findings identify a novel function of IL-27 as a direct stimulator of BST-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Guzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston ON, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Masany Jung
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston ON, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Ashley Graveline
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston ON, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Bruce W. Banfield
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston ON, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston ON, Canada, K7L 3N6
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Guzzo C, Hopman WM, Che Mat NF, Wobeser W, Gee K. IL-27-induced gene expression is downregulated in HIV-infected subjects. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45706. [PMID: 23049843 PMCID: PMC3458084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the effect of HIV infection on IL-27-induced gene expression. DESIGN During HIV infection, cytokine expression and function become deregulated. IL-27 is an important modulator of inflammatory responses. Interestingly, IL-27 can inhibit HIV replication in T cells and monocytes, implicating IL-27 as a potential adjunct to anti-viral treatment. Our previous work demonstrated that circulating HIV may suppress IL-27 expression, therefore, this study, in continuation of our previous work, aimed to understand how HIV affects expression levels of the IL-27 receptor and downstream functions of IL-27. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from whole blood of HIV negative and HIV positive (viremic) individuals to assess IL-27-induced gene expression by flow cytometry and ELISA. PBMC were also processed for monocyte enrichment to assess IL-27 receptor expression by flow cytometry and real-time PCR. RESULTS Expression of the IL-27 receptor subunit, gp130, was upregulated in response to IL-27 in HIV negative individuals, however, in HIV positive individuals, this IL-27 response was diminished. Furthermore, we observed downregulation of IL-27-induced IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 expression in HIV positive subjects. CONCLUSION In HIV infection, IL-27-induced gene expression was impaired, indicating HIV-mediated dysregulation of IL-27 functions occurs during HIV infection. This study provides evidence for new viral pathogenic mechanisms contributing to the widespread impairment of immune responses observed in HIV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Guzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilma M. Hopman
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nor Fazila Che Mat
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wobeser
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Bosmann M, Haggadone MD, Hemmila MR, Zetoune FS, Sarma JV, Ward PA. Complement activation product C5a is a selective suppressor of TLR4-induced, but not TLR3-induced, production of IL-27(p28) from macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5086-93. [PMID: 22491257 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that the complement activation product, C5a, can orchestrate cellular immune functions. IL-27(p28/EBI3) is an emerging key player essential for regulating inflammatory responses and T cells. In this article, we report that C5a robustly suppressed IL-27(p28) gene expression and release in peritoneal macrophages. These cells from C57BL/6J mice abundantly produced IL-27(p28) after engagement of either the TLR3 (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) or TLR4 (LPS) receptor. Genetic deficiency of either TLR4 or LBP completely incapacitated the ability of macrophages to secrete IL-27(p28) in response to LPS. IL-27(p28)-producing macrophages also expressed the C5aR receptor, thus displaying an IL-27(p28)(+)F4/80(+)C5aR(+) phenotype. C5a suppressed IL-27(p28) in LPS-stimulated macrophages via interactions with the C5aR receptor rather than the C5L2 receptor. After endotoxemia, C5aR(-/-) mice displayed higher plasma levels of IL-27(p28) compared with C57BL/6J mice. C5a did not affect the release of IL-27(p28) or the frequency of IL-27(p28)(+)F4/80(+) macrophages after engagement of TLR3. Mechanistically, LPS activated both the NF-κB and the PI3K/Akt pathways, whereas C5a activated only the PI3K/Akt pathway. Engagement of PI3K/Akt was inhibitory for IL-27(p28) production, because PI3K/Akt pharmacologic blockade resulted in increased amounts of IL-27(p28) and reversed the suppressive effects of C5a. Blockade of PI3K/Akt in endotoxemic C57BL/6J mice resulted in higher generation of IL-27(p28). In contrast, the PI3K/Akt pathway was not involved in TLR3-mediated release of IL-27(p28). These data provide new evidence about how complement activation may selectively interfere with production of T cell regulatory cytokines by APCs in the varying contexts of either bacterial (TLR4 pathway) or viral (TLR3 pathway) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bosmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Liu L, Cao Z, Chen J, Li R, Cao Y, Zhu C, Wu K, Wu J, Liu F, Zhu Y. Influenza A virus induces interleukin-27 through cyclooxygenase-2 and protein kinase A signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11899-910. [PMID: 22343630 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.308064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that IL-27, which belongs to the IL-12 family of cytokines, is elevated in the serum of patients infected with influenza A virus (IAV). Here, we show that the expression of IL-27 was significantly up-regulated in A549 human lung epithelial cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with IAV. Additionally, IAV triggered IL-27 expression through protein kinase A and cAMP-response element-binding protein signaling, which was mediated by cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin E(2). IL-27 inhibited IAV replication by STAT1/2/3 phosphorylation and activated antiviral factor protein kinase R phosphorylation. Clinical analysis showed that IL-27 levels were significantly elevated in a cohort of patients infected with IAV compared with healthy individuals and that circulating IL-27 levels were tightly and positively correlated with prostaglandin E(2) levels. These results indicate that IL-27 expression is one host immune factor produced in response to IAV infection and that elevated IL-27 levels inhibit viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Ansari NA, Kumar R, Gautam S, Nylén S, Singh OP, Sundar S, Sacks D. IL-27 and IL-21 are associated with T cell IL-10 responses in human visceral leishmaniasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3977-85. [PMID: 21357266 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-10 is believed to underlie many of the immunologic defects in human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). We have identified CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(-) T cells as the major source of IL-10 in the VL spleen. IL-27, a member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine family, has been shown to promote development of IL-10-producing T cells, in part by upregulating their production of autocrine IL-21. We investigated whether IL-27 and IL-21 are associated with human VL. IL-27 was elevated in VL plasma, and at pretreatment, spleen cells showed significantly elevated mRNA levels of both IL-27 subunits, IL-27p28 and EBI-3, as well as IL-21, compared with posttreatment biopsies. CD14(+) spleen cells were the main source of IL-27 mRNA, whereas CD3(+) T cells were the main source of IL-21. IL-27 mRNA could be strongly upregulated in normal donor macrophages with IFN-γ and IL-1β, conditions consistent with those in the VL spleen. Last, a whole-blood assay revealed that most VL patients could produce Ag-specific IFN-γ and IL-10 and that the IL-10 could be augmented with recombinant human IL-21. Thus, proinflammatory cytokines acting on macrophages in the VL spleen have the potential to upregulate IL-27, which in turn can induce IL-21 to expand IL-10-producing T cells as a mechanism of feedback control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Akhtar Ansari
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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