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Donato CM, Handley A, Byars SG, Bogdanovic-Sakran N, Lyons EA, Watts E, Ong DS, Pavlic D, At Thobari J, Satria CD, Nirwati H, Soenarto Y, Bines JE. Vaccine Take of RV3-BB Rotavirus Vaccine Observed in Indonesian Infants Regardless of HBGA Status. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1010-1018. [PMID: 37592804 PMCID: PMC11011179 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) status may affect vaccine efficacy due to rotavirus strains binding to HBGAs in a P genotype-dependent manner. This study aimed to determine if HBGA status affected vaccine take of the G3P[6] neonatal vaccine RV3-BB. METHODS DNA was extracted from stool samples collected in a subset (n = 164) of the RV3-BB phase IIb trial in Indonesian infants. FUT2 and FUT3 genes were amplified and sequenced, with any single-nucleotide polymorphisms analyzed to infer Lewis and secretor status. Measures of positive cumulative vaccine take were defined as serum immune response (immunoglobulin A or serum-neutralizing antibody) and/or stool excretion of RV3-BB virus. Participants were stratified by HBGA status and measures of vaccine take. RESULTS In 147 of 164 participants, Lewis and secretor phenotype were determined. Positive vaccine take was recorded for 144 (97.9%) of 147 participants with the combined phenotype determined. Cumulative vaccine take was not significantly associated with secretor status (relative risk, 1.00 [95% CI, .94-1.06]; P = .97) or Lewis phenotype (relative risk, 1.03 [95% CI, .94-1.14]; P = .33), nor was a difference observed when analyzed by each component of vaccine take. CONCLUSIONS The RV3-BB vaccine produced positive cumulative vaccine take, irrespective of HBGA status in Indonesian infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste M Donato
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne
| | - Amanda Handley
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute
- Medicines Development for Global Health, Southbank
| | - Sean G Byars
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Eleanor A Lyons
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute
| | - Emma Watts
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute
| | - Darren S Ong
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute
| | - Daniel Pavlic
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute
| | | | | | - Hera Nirwati
- Center for Child Health
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
| | - Yati Soenarto
- Center for Child Health
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Julie E Bines
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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Chauwa A, Bosomprah S, Laban NM, Phiri B, Chibuye M, Chilyabanyama ON, Munsaka S, Simuyandi M, Mwape I, Mubanga C, Chobe MC, Chisenga C, Chilengi R. Maternal and Infant Histo-Blood Group Antigen (HBGA) Profiles and Their Influence on Oral Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix TM) Immunogenicity among Infants in Zambia. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1303. [PMID: 37631871 PMCID: PMC10458424 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Live-attenuated, oral rotavirus vaccines have significantly reduced rotavirus-associated diarrhoea morbidity and infant mortality. However, vaccine immunogenicity is diminished in low-income countries. We investigated whether maternal and infant intrinsic susceptibility to rotavirus infection via histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) profiles influenced rotavirus (ROTARIX®) vaccine-induced responses in Zambia. We studied 135 mother-infant pairs under a rotavirus vaccine clinical trial, with infants aged 6 to 12 weeks at pre-vaccination up to 12 months old. We determined maternal and infant ABO/H, Lewis, and secretor HBGA phenotypes, and infant FUT2 HBGA genotypes. Vaccine immunogenicity was measured as anti-rotavirus IgA antibody titres. Overall, 34 (31.3%) children were seroconverted at 14 weeks, and no statistically significant difference in seroconversion was observed across the various HBGA profiles in early infant life. We also observed a statistically significant difference in rotavirus-IgA titres across infant HBGA profiles at 12 months, though no statistically significant difference was observed between the study arms. There was no association between maternal HBGA profiles and infant vaccine immunogenicity. Overall, infant HBGAs were associated with RV vaccine immunogenicity at 12 months as opposed to in early infant life. Further investigation into the low efficacy of ROTARIX® and appropriate intervention is key to unlocking the full vaccine benefits for U5 children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriace Chauwa
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (N.M.L.); (B.P.); (M.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (I.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia;
| | - Samuel Bosomprah
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (N.M.L.); (B.P.); (M.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (I.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG13, Ghana
| | - Natasha Makabilo Laban
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (N.M.L.); (B.P.); (M.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (I.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Bernard Phiri
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (N.M.L.); (B.P.); (M.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (I.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Mwelwa Chibuye
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (N.M.L.); (B.P.); (M.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (I.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Obvious Nchimunya Chilyabanyama
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (N.M.L.); (B.P.); (M.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (I.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Sody Munsaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia;
| | - Michelo Simuyandi
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (N.M.L.); (B.P.); (M.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (I.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Innocent Mwape
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (N.M.L.); (B.P.); (M.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (I.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Cynthia Mubanga
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (N.M.L.); (B.P.); (M.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (I.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Masuzyo Chirwa Chobe
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (N.M.L.); (B.P.); (M.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (I.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Caroline Chisenga
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (N.M.L.); (B.P.); (M.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (I.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Roma Chilengi
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (N.M.L.); (B.P.); (M.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (I.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
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Godefroy E, Barbé L, Le Moullac-Vaidye B, Rocher J, Breiman A, Leuillet S, Mariat D, Chatel JM, Ruvoën-Clouet N, Carton T, Jotereau F, Le Pendu J. Microbiota-induced regulatory T cells associate with FUT2-dependent susceptibility to rotavirus gastroenteritis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123803. [PMID: 36922975 PMCID: PMC10008897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The FUT2 α1,2fucosyltransferase contributes to the synthesis of fucosylated glycans used as attachment factors by several pathogens, including noroviruses and rotaviruses, that can induce life-threatening gastroenteritis in young children. FUT2 genetic polymorphisms impairing fucosylation are strongly associated with resistance to dominant strains of both noroviruses and rotaviruses. Interestingly, the wild-type allele associated with viral gastroenteritis susceptibility inversely appears to be protective against several inflammatory or autoimmune diseases for yet unclear reasons, although a FUT2 influence on microbiota composition has been observed. Here, we studied a cohort of young healthy adults and showed that the wild-type FUT2 allele was associated with the presence of anti-RVA antibodies, either neutralizing antibodies or serum IgA, confirming its association with the risk of RVA gastroenteritis. Strikingly, it was also associated with the frequency of gut microbiota-induced regulatory T cells (Tregs), so-called DP8α Tregs, albeit only in individuals who had anti-RVA neutralizing antibodies or high titers of anti-RVA IgAs. DP8α Tregs specifically recognize the human symbiont Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which strongly supports their induction by this anti-inflammatory bacterium. The proportion of F. prausnitzii in feces was also associated with the FUT2 wild-type allele. These observations link the FUT2 genotype with the risk of RVA gastroenteritis, the microbiota and microbiota-induced DP8α Treg cells, suggesting that the anti-RVA immune response might involve an induction/expansion of these T lymphocytes later providing a balanced immunological state that confers protection against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Godefroy
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Laure Barbé
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Le Moullac-Vaidye
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Jézabel Rocher
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Breiman
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Denis Mariat
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Nathalie Ruvoën-Clouet
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.,ONIRIS, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation, Nantes, France
| | | | - Francine Jotereau
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Le Pendu
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
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4
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El-Heneidy A, Cheung C, Lambert SB, Wang CYT, Whiley DM, Sly PD, Ware RS, Grimwood K. Histo-blood group antigens and rotavirus vaccine virus shedding in Australian infants. Pathology 2022; 54:928-934. [PMID: 35817636 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus vaccine performance varies between high and low income countries. One possible explanation is inherited histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) the expression of which differs between populations. HBGAs are polymorphic glycans on mucosal surfaces. Their presence indicates the secretor phenotype, while their absence identifies a non-secretor status. HBGAs can act as rotavirus receptors and might influence live-attenuated rotavirus vaccine virus replication and shedding. Studies in low and middle income countries of the human rotavirus vaccine Rotarix (RV1), suggest HBGA secretor phenotype is important for vaccine immunogenicity. We investigated in a high income country the association between HBGA phenotype (secretor and Lewis) and the bovine-human reassortment vaccine RotaTeq (RV5) vaccine shedding in the stools of infants following each vaccine dose. Eighty-two infants from an Australian birth cohort provided saliva and weekly stool samples after RV5 vaccination doses. Lewis and secretor HBGA phenotyping was identified from saliva samples and confirmed by genotyping. Vaccine virus strains were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. No significant association between secretor status and vaccine virus shedding was identified. The proportion of infants who shed rotavirus following the first RV5 dose for secretor and non-secretor infants was 57/64 (89%) and 17/18 (94%), respectively, decreasing to 24/64 (33%) and 9/18 (50%) after the second dose and 26/64 (42%) and 8/18 (44%) following the third vaccine dose, respectively. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in vaccine virus shedding by Lewis, or combined Lewis and secretor status, after each vaccine dose. We found HBGAs were not associated with RV5 vaccine virus shedding in Australian infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa El-Heneidy
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Qld, Australia.
| | - Catherine Cheung
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Child Heath Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- Child Heath Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Claire Y T Wang
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Child Heath Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - David M Whiley
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, and Pathology Queensland Central Laboratory, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Qld, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Qld, Australia; Departments of Paediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Qld, Australia
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5
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Association of human milk oligosaccharides and nutritional status of young infants among Bangladeshi mother-infant dyads. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9456. [PMID: 35676397 PMCID: PMC9177541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13296-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) support the development of a healthy gut microbiome and the growth of infants. We aimed to determine the association of different HMOs with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among Bangladeshi young infants. This study was nested within a single-blind, randomized, pilot clinical trial (NCT0366657). A total of 45 breastmilk samples from mothers of < 6 months old infants who had SAM (n = 26) or were non-malnourished (n = 19) and were analyzed for constituent HMOs. Of the infants with SAM, 14 (53.85%) had secretor mothers, and 11 (57.89%) of the non-malnourished infants had secretor mothers. A one-unit increase in the relative abundance of sialylated HMOs was associated with higher odds of SAM in age and sex adjusted model (aOR = 2.00, 90% CI 1.30, 3.06), in age, sex, and secretor status adjusted model (aOR = 1.96, 90% CI 1.29, 2.98), and also in age and sex adjusted model among non-secretor mothers (aOR = 2.86, 90% CI 1.07, 7.62). In adjusted models, there was no evidence of a statistically significant association between SAM and fucosylated or undecorated HMOs. Our study demonstrates that a higher relative abundance of sialylated HMOs in mothers’ breastmilk may have a negative impact on young infants’ nutritional status.
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Cao H, Wu J, Luan N, Wang Y, Lin K, Liu C. Evaluation of a bivalent recombinant vaccine candidate targeting norovirus and rotavirus: Antibodies to rotavirus NSP4 exert antidiarrheal effects without virus neutralization. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3847-3856. [PMID: 35474320 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that when tandemly expressed with SR69A -VP8*, nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) of the rotavirus Wa strain exerts a minor effect on elevating the antibody responses targeting the rotavirus antigen VP8* of the 60-valent nanoparticle SR69A -VP8* but could fully protect mice from diarrhea induced by the rotavirus strain Wa. In this study, we chose comparably less immunogenic norovirus 24-valent P particles with homogenous (i.e., VP8* from rotavirus) and heterogeneous (i.e., protruding domain of norovirus) antigens and in more challenging rotavirus SA11 strain-induced diarrhea mouse models to evaluate its main role in recombinant gastroenteritis virus-specific vaccines. The results showed that although as an adjuvant NSP4 exerted limited effects on the elevation of norovirus-specific or VP8*-specific neutralizing antibody production, as an antigen it could confer potent protection, particularly when synergized with VP8*, in rotavirus SA11 strain-induced diarrhea mouse models, possibly blocking the invasion of the intestinal wall by enterotoxin. NSP4 may be unnecessary for other recombinant vaccines as adjuvants, and its display mode should be evaluated specifically to avoid blocking coexpressed antigens in the norovirus P particles. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinyuan Wu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ning Luan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kangyang Lin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cunbao Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Caddy S, Papa G, Borodavka A, Desselberger U. Rotavirus research: 2014-2020. Virus Res 2021; 304:198499. [PMID: 34224769 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses are major causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide and also cause disease in the young of many other mammalian and of avian species. During the recent 5-6 years rotavirus research has benefitted in a major way from the establishment of plasmid only-based reverse genetics systems, the creation of human and other mammalian intestinal enteroids, and from the wide application of structural biology (cryo-electron microscopy, cryo-EM tomography) and complementary biophysical approaches. All of these have permitted to gain new insights into structure-function relationships of rotaviruses and their interactions with the host. This review follows different stages of the viral replication cycle and summarizes highlights of structure-function studies of rotavirus-encoded proteins (both structural and non-structural), molecular mechanisms of viral replication including involvement of cellular proteins and lipids, the spectrum of viral genomic and antigenic diversity, progress in understanding of innate and acquired immune responses, and further developments of prevention of rotavirus-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Caddy
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease Jeffery Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
| | - Guido Papa
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Alexander Borodavka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
| | - Ulrich Desselberger
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Tenge VR, Hu L, Prasad BVV, Larson G, Atmar RL, Estes MK, Ramani S. Glycan Recognition in Human Norovirus Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:2066. [PMID: 34696500 PMCID: PMC8537403 DOI: 10.3390/v13102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of cell-surface glycans is an important step in the attachment of several viruses to susceptible host cells. The molecular basis of glycan interactions and their functional consequences are well studied for human norovirus (HuNoV), an important gastrointestinal pathogen. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), a family of fucosylated carbohydrate structures that are present on the cell surface, are utilized by HuNoVs to initially bind to cells. In this review, we describe the discovery of HBGAs as genetic susceptibility factors for HuNoV infection and review biochemical and structural studies investigating HuNoV binding to different HBGA glycans. Recently, human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) were developed as a laboratory cultivation system for HuNoV. We review how the use of this novel culture system has confirmed that fucosylated HBGAs are necessary and sufficient for infection by several HuNoV strains, describe mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization of infection that involve blocking of HuNoV binding to HBGAs, and discuss the potential for using the HIE model to answer unresolved questions on viral interactions with HBGAs and other glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R. Tenge
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.R.T.); (B.V.V.P.); (R.L.A.); (M.K.E.)
| | - Liya Hu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - B. V. Venkataram Prasad
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.R.T.); (B.V.V.P.); (R.L.A.); (M.K.E.)
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Robert L. Atmar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.R.T.); (B.V.V.P.); (R.L.A.); (M.K.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.R.T.); (B.V.V.P.); (R.L.A.); (M.K.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.R.T.); (B.V.V.P.); (R.L.A.); (M.K.E.)
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9
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Xu Z, Liu Z, Chen J, Zou S, Jin Y, Zhang R, Sheng Y, Liao N, Hu B, Cheng D. Effect of Direct Viral-Bacterial Interactions on the Removal of Norovirus From Lettuce. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:731379. [PMID: 34557176 PMCID: PMC8453150 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is the main non-bacterial pathogen causing outbreaks of gastroenteritis and is considered to be the leading cause of foodborne illness. This study aims to determine whether lettuce-encapsulated bacteria can express histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)–like substances to bind to NoV and, if so, to explore its role in protecting NoV from disinfection practices. Fifteen bacterial strains (HBGA-SEBs) were isolated from the lettuce microbiome and studied as they were proved to have the ability to express HBGA-like substances through indirect ELISA detection. By using attachment assay, HBGA-SEBs showed great abilities in carrying NoVs regarding the evaluation of binding capacity, especially for the top four strains from genera Wautersiella, Sphingobacterium, and Brachybacterium, which could absorb more than 60% of free-flowing NoVs. Meanwhile, the direct viral–bacterial binding between HBGA-like substance-expressing bacteria (HBGA-SEB) and NoVs was observed by TEM. Subsequently, results of simulated environmental experiments showed that the binding of NoVs with HBGA-SEBs did have detrimental effects on NoV reduction, which were evident in short-time high-temperature treatment (90°C) and UV exposure. Finally, by considering the relative abundance of homologous microorganisms of HBGA-SEBs in the lettuce microbiome (ca. 36.49%) and the reduction of NoVs in the simulated environments, we suggested putting extra attention on the daily disinfection of foodborne-pathogen carriers to overcome the detrimental effects of direct viral–bacterial interactions on the reduction of NoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangkai Xu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zishu Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songyan Zou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Sheng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ningbo Liao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baolan Hu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Cheng
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Abstract
Histo-blood group antigen contains oligosaccharides that serve as receptors for norovirus (NoV) and rotavirus (RV). The receptors are only present on the surface of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells of secretors; therefore, secretors are susceptible to NoV and RV diarrhea and nonsecretors are resistant. The prevalence of secretors in different countries varies between 50% and 90%. Secretor rates evolved in response to environmental pressures such as infectious diseases.
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11
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Abstract
Rotavirus is a major cause of severe pediatric diarrhea worldwide. In 2006, two live, oral rotavirus vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, were licensed for use in infants and were rapidly adopted in many high- and middle-income settings where efficacy had been demonstrated in clinical trials. Following completion of additional successful trials in low-income settings, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended rotavirus vaccination for all infants globally in 2009. In 2018, two new rotavirus vaccines, Rotasiil and Rotavac, were prequalified by WHO, further expanding global availability. As of March 2021, rotavirus vaccines have been introduced nationally in 106 countries. Since introduction, rotavirus vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness against severe disease and mortality, even among age groups not eligible for vaccination. Cross-genotypic protection has also been demonstrated, and the favorable benefit-risk profile of these vaccines continues to be confirmed via post-marketing surveillance. Ongoing research seeks to better understand reasons for the lower effectiveness observed in lower-resource settings, and to use these findings to optimize vaccine strategies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Burke
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Tate
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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De Mattos LC, Ferreira AIC, de Oliveira KY, Nakashima F, Brandão CC. The Potential Contribution of ABO, Lewis and Secretor Histo-Blood Group Carbohydrates in Infection by Toxoplasma gondii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:671958. [PMID: 34222043 PMCID: PMC8251793 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosyltransferases encoded by genes from the human ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group systems synthesize part of the carbohydrate antigens in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues. The combined action of these glycosyltransferases strongly influences cell, tissue, mucosa, and exocrine secretion carbohydrate phenotypes, including those serving as habitat for mutualistic and pathogenic microorganisms. A set of reports investigated associations between Toxoplasma gondii infection and the ABO histo-blood group system, but the results are contradictory. As T. gondii uses the gastrointestinal tract as a route for infection, and in this organ, the expression of ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group carbohydrates occurs, it is reasonable to suppose some biological relationship between them. This text reviewed association studies published in recent decades focusing on the potential contribution of the ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group carbohydrates and infection by T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Carlos De Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Iara Costa Ferreira
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Karina Younan de Oliveira
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Nakashima
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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13
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Muthumuni D, Miliku K, Wade KH, Timpson NJ, Azad MB. Enhanced Protection Against Diarrhea Among Breastfed Infants of Nonsecretor Mothers. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:260-263. [PMID: 33315747 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea is a major cause of infant mortality. Being a "nonsecretor" (having an inactive fucosyltransferase-2 gene) protects against diarrhea by inhibiting enteric infections. Breastfeeding also protects against diarrhea; however, the impact of maternal secretor status is unknown. In the ALSPAC cohort (N = 4971), we found that breastfeeding by nonsecretor mothers was especially protective against diarrhea, which could inform new prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhasni Muthumuni
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba and Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kozeta Miliku
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba and Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kaitlin H Wade
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Meghan B Azad
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba and Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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14
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Otero CE, Langel SN, Blasi M, Permar SR. Maternal antibody interference contributes to reduced rotavirus vaccine efficacy in developing countries. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009010. [PMID: 33211756 PMCID: PMC7676686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) vaccine efficacy is significantly reduced in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries. This review summarizes current research into the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, with a particular focus on the evidence that maternal antibody (matAb) interference is a contributing factor to this disparity. All RV vaccines currently in use are orally administered, live-attenuated virus vaccines that replicate in the infant gut, which leaves their efficacy potentially impacted by both placentally transferred immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA Abs conferred via breast milk. Observational studies of cohorts in LMICs demonstrated an inverse correlation between matAb titers, both in serum and breast milk, and infant responses to RV vaccination. However, a causal link between maternal humoral immunity and reduced RV vaccine efficacy in infants has yet to be definitively established, partially due to limitations in current animal models of RV disease. The characteristics of Abs mediating interference and the mechanism(s) involved have yet to be determined, and these may differ from mechanisms of matAb interference for parenterally administered vaccines due to the contribution of mucosal immunity conferred via breast milk. Increased vaccine doses and later age of vaccine administration have been strategies applied to overcome matAb interference, but these approaches are difficult to safely implement in the setting of RV vaccination in LMICs. Ultimately, the development of relevant animal models of matAb interference is needed to determine what alternative approaches or vaccine designs can safely and effectively overcome matAb interference of infant RV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Otero
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie N. Langel
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maria Blasi
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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15
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Khachou A, Le Moullac-Vaidye B, Peltier C, Breiman A, Imbert-Marcille BM, Ruvoen-Clouet N, Aouni M, Mastouri M, Chouchane S, Le Pendu J. Host-Range Shift Between Emerging P[8]-4 Rotavirus and Common P[8] and P[4] Strains. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:836-839. [PMID: 32188998 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In Tunisia, we observed that rotavirus P[8]-3 and P[4] strains in young children with gastroenteritis associate with secretor histo-blood group phenotype. In contrast, the emerging P[8]-4 strain, representing 10% of cases, was exclusively found in nonsecretor patients. Unlike VP8* from P[8]-3 and P[4] strains, the P[8]-4 VP8* protein attached to glycans from saliva samples regardless of the donor's secretor status. Interestingly, a high frequency of FUT2 enzyme deficiency (nonsecretor phenotype) was observed in the population. This may allow cocirculation of P[8]-3 and P[8]-4 strains in secretor and nonsecretor children, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Khachou
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Béatrice Le Moullac-Vaidye
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Peltier
- Service de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR1064, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Breiman
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Berthe-Marie Imbert-Marcille
- Service de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR1064, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Ruvoen-Clouet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Oniris, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation, Nantes, France
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maha Mastouri
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Slaheddine Chouchane
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire Fattouma-Bourghiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jacques Le Pendu
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
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16
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Campillay-Véliz CP, Carvajal JJ, Avellaneda AM, Escobar D, Covián C, Kalergis AM, Lay MK. Human Norovirus Proteins: Implications in the Replicative Cycle, Pathogenesis, and the Host Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:961. [PMID: 32612600 PMCID: PMC7308418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the cause of more than 95% of epidemic non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with some lethal cases. These viral agents affect people of all ages. However, young children and older adults are the highest-risk groups, being affected with the greatest rate of hospitalizations and morbidity cases. HuNoV structural proteins, especially VP1, have been studied extensively. In contrast, the functions of the non-structural proteins of the virus have been undescribed in depth. Studies on HuNoV non-structural proteins have mostly been made by expressing them individually in in vitro cultures, providing insights of their functions and the role that they play in HuNoV replication and pathogenesis. This review examines exhaustively the functions of both HuNoV structural and non-structural proteins and their possible role within the viral replicative cycle and the pathogenesis of the virus. It also highlights recent findings regarding the host's innate and adaptive immune responses against HuNoV, which are of great relevance for diagnostics and vaccine development so as to prevent infections caused by these fastidious viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P Campillay-Véliz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jonatan J Carvajal
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Andrea M Avellaneda
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Darling Escobar
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Camila Covián
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita K Lay
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Abdollahi A, Mahmoudi-Aliabadi M, Mehrtash V, Jafarzadeh B, Salehi M. The Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Vulnerability Association with ABO/Rh Blood Types. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 15:156-160. [PMID: 32754209 PMCID: PMC7354076 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.125135.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most recent emerging viral disease. Defining the epidemiological aspects and factors influencing the susceptibility of the patients to COVID-19 has been an ongoing struggle. In the present study, we have investigated the connection between ABO histo-blood group phenotypes and the COVID-19. Methods: This study was conducted on 397 patients with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19 admitted to our center. Also, 500 individuals were selected to form the controls, all of whom had been disclosed to the same medical center in June 2019, before the onset of the outbreak. Results: Our results demonstrated ABO histo-blood phenotypes are correlated with patients’ susceptibility to the infection. A higher rate of infection was observed among patients with the AB histo-blood group, while patients with the O histo-blood group have shown a lower rate of infection. The Rh blood group phenotype was not statistically significant in determining a patient’s vulnerability. Conclusion: Similar to several previous studies about other viral diseases’ association with ABO histo-blood groups, we have concluded that an individual’s ABO histo-blood group phenotype and his/her susceptibility to COVID-19 are indeed connected. So far, only one research has been conducted about this association. Interestingly, while we observed a decreased vulnerability to the disease among patients with an O histo-blood group, we have reached discordant results regarding the increased susceptibility among individuals with an AB histo-blood group, unlike A histo-blood group in the previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Mahmoudi-Aliabadi
- Department of Laboratory, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mehrtash
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Jafarzadeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Salehi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Imam Hospital complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Amoroso MG, Langellotti AL, Russo V, Martello A, Monini M, Di Bartolo I, Ianiro G, Di Concilio D, Galiero G, Fusco G. Accumulation and Depuration Kinetics of Rotavirus in Mussels Experimentally Contaminated. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2020; 12:48-57. [PMID: 31691900 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve mollusks as filter-feeders concentrate in their digestive tissue microorganisms likely present in the harvesting water, thus becoming risky food especially if consumed raw or poorly cooked. To eliminate bacteria and viruses eventually accumulated, they must undergo a depuration process which efficacy on viruses is on debate. To better clarify the worth of the depuration process on virus elimination from mussels, in this study we investigated rotavirus kinetics of accumulation and depuration in Mytilus galloprovincialis experimentally contaminated. Depuration process was monitored for 9 days and virus residual presence and infectivity were evaluated by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, cell culture and electron microscopy at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 of depuration. Variables like presence of ozone and of microalgae feeding were also analyzed as possible depuration enhancers. Results showed a two-phase virus removal kinetic with a high decrease in the first 24 h of depuration and 5 days necessary to completely remove rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Amoroso
- Department of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Via Salute, 2, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Antonio Luca Langellotti
- Aquaculture Division, CAISIAL Center, University of Naples Federico II, Via Salute, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Valeria Russo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 2, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Martello
- Aquaculture Division, CAISIAL Center, University of Naples Federico II, Via Salute, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Marina Monini
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Bartolo
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ianiro
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Denise Di Concilio
- Department of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Via Salute, 2, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Giorgio Galiero
- Department of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Via Salute, 2, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Department of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Via Salute, 2, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
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