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Weidlinger S, Winterberger K, Pape J, Weidlinger M, Janka H, von Wolff M, Stute P. Impact of estrogens on resting energy expenditure: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13605. [PMID: 37544655 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The fear of weight gain is one of the main reasons for women not to initiate or to early discontinue hormonal contraception or menopausal hormone therapy. Resting energy expenditure is by far the largest component and the most important determinant of total energy expenditure. Given that low resting energy expenditure is a confirmed predictive factor for weight gain and consecutively for the development of obesity, research into the influence of sex steroids on resting energy expenditure is a particularly exciting area. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of medication with natural and synthetic estrogens on resting energy expenditure in healthy normal weight and overweight women. Through complex systematic literature searches, a total of 10 studies were identified that investigated the effects of medication with estrogens on resting energy expenditure. Our results demonstrate that estrogen administration increases resting energy expenditure by up to +208 kcal per day in the context of contraception and by up to +222 kcal per day in the context of menopausal hormone therapy, suggesting a preventive effect of circulating estrogen levels and estrogen administration on weight gain and obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Weidlinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katja Winterberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janna Pape
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Heidrun Janka
- Medical Library, University Library Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael von Wolff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Petra Stute
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Zuo L, Geng Z, Song X, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Ge S, Wang L, Liu G, Zhang L, Xu M, Zhao Y, Shen L, Ge Y, Wu R, Hu J. Browning of Mesenteric White Adipose Tissue in Crohn's Disease: A New Pathological Change and Therapeutic Target. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1179-1192. [PMID: 36932969 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKROUND Hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue [htMAT] is a distinctive hallmark of Crohn's disease [CD], and it affects enteritis via inflammatory adipokine secretion by dysfunctional white adipocytes. White adipocytes can become beige adipocytes, which are characterized by active lipid consumption and favourable endocrine function, via white adipocyte browning. Our study aimed to determine whether white adipocyte browning occurs in htMAT and its role in CD. METHODS White adipocyte browning was examined in MAT samples from CD patients and controls. Human MAT explants and primary mesenteric adipocytes were cultured for in vitro experiments. Mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid solution [TNBS]-induced colitis were used for in vivo studies. A β3-adrenergic receptor agonist [CL316,243] was used to induce white adipocyte browning, and IL-4/STAT6 signalling was analysed to explore the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of beige adipocytes. RESULTS White adipocyte browning was observed in htMAT from CD patients, as shown by the appearance of uncoupling protein 1 [UCP1]-positive multilocular [beige] adipocytes with lipid-depleting activity and anti-inflammatory endocrine profiles. Both human MAT and primary mesenteric adipocytes from CD patients and controls could be induced to undergo browning, which increased their lipid-depleting and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Inducing MAT browning ameliorated mesenteric hypertrophy and inflammation as well as colitis in TNBS-treated mice in vivo. The anti-inflammatory activity of beige adipocytes was at least partially related to STAT6 signalling activation via the autocrine and paracrine effects of IL-4. CONCLUSION White adipocyte browning is a newly identified pathological change in htMAT of CD patients and a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Guangyong Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Mengyu Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Li Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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3
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Jingyi C, Qing X, Fan Y, Qinqin Y, Chengliang C, Fanglin L. Intracardiac paraganglioma with a cough as the first symptom. J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 18:30. [PMID: 36650563 PMCID: PMC9843092 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-022-02087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac paragangliomas (PGLs) are clinically rare, with hypertension and metabolic changes as the main symptoms. The tumor is highly related to gene mutation, and surgery is presently the effective treatment. Medical history and clinical manifestations of the patient, routine laboratory examinations and imaging examinations, and pathological examination can help the final diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION The present study presents a 31-year-old male patient with a left atrial mass. The initial symptom was cough. Cardiac enlargement was found during the chest X-ray. The follow-up imaging examination revealed a left atrial occupying lesion, and the possibility of malignant occupying lesions was not ruled out. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass. The final pathological result revealed paraganglioma. The thoracic computed tomography review two months after the operation revealed that the original occupying lesion disappeared, and no new lesion was found. CONCLUSIONS Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are a kind of neuroendocrine tumors. PPGLs can cause secondary hypertension, and lead to a series of clinical syndromes, including myocardial injury, metabolic changes, and so on. The occurrence of PPGIs is related to gene mutation. Biochemical detection, imaging examination, and genetic testing can help diagnose. The tumor should be surgically removed as soon as possible after the diagnosis. As a functional tumor, PPGLs should be fully prepared before surgery to avoid anesthesia and huge fluctuations in blood pressure during and after surgery, or the occurrence of fatal hypertensive crisis and intractable hypotension after tumor resection. Adequate preoperative preparation directly affects the prognosis of patients after surgery. Therefore, multidisciplinary cooperation before, during, and after the operation is extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Jingyi
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Qing
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Fan
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Qinqin
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai Chengliang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Fanglin
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
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Solivan-Rivera J, Yang Loureiro Z, DeSouza T, Desai A, Pallat S, Yang Q, Rojas-Rodriguez R, Ziegler R, Skritakis P, Joyce S, Zhong D, Nguyen T, Corvera S. A neurogenic signature involving monoamine Oxidase-A controls human thermogenic adipose tissue development. eLife 2022; 11:e78945. [PMID: 36107478 PMCID: PMC9519151 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that control 'beige/brite' thermogenic adipose tissue development may be harnessed to improve human metabolic health. To define these mechanisms, we developed a species-hybrid model in which human mesenchymal progenitor cells were used to develop white or thermogenic/beige adipose tissue in mice. The hybrid adipose tissue developed distinctive features of human adipose tissue, such as larger adipocyte size, despite its neurovascular architecture being entirely of murine origin. Thermogenic adipose tissue recruited a denser, qualitatively distinct vascular network, differing in genes mapping to circadian rhythm pathways, and denser sympathetic innervation. The enhanced thermogenic neurovascular network was associated with human adipocyte expression of THBS4, TNC, NTRK3, and SPARCL1, which enhance neurogenesis, and decreased expression of MAOA and ACHE, which control neurotransmitter tone. Systemic inhibition of MAOA, which is present in human but absent in mouse adipocytes, induced browning of human but not mouse adipose tissue, revealing the physiological relevance of this pathway. Our results reveal species-specific cell type dependencies controlling the development of thermogenic adipose tissue and point to human adipocyte MAOA as a potential target for metabolic disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Solivan-Rivera
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Zinger Yang Loureiro
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Tiffany DeSouza
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Anand Desai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Sabine Pallat
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Qin Yang
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Raziel Rojas-Rodriguez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Rachel Ziegler
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Pantos Skritakis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Shannon Joyce
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Denise Zhong
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Tammy Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical CenterWorcesterUnited States
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical CenterWorcesterUnited States
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5
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Abdul Sater Z, Jha A, Hamimi A, Mandl A, Hartley IR, Gubbi S, Patel M, Gonzales M, Taïeb D, Civelek AC, Gharib AM, Auh S, O’Mara AE, Pacak K, Cypess AM. Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Patients With Poor Survival Often Show Brown Adipose Tissue Activation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5696788. [PMID: 31903484 PMCID: PMC7059996 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGLs) are neuroendocrine tumors that can secrete norepinephrine (NE). Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is mediated through the action of NE on β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs). In some malignancies, BAT activation is associated with higher cancer activity. OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between BAT activation and PPGL clinical outcomes. DESIGN A retrospective case-control study that included 342 patients with PPGLs who underwent 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). We excluded all patients with parasympathetic tumors and those who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT after PPGL resection. Scans of 205 patients were reviewed by 2 blinded nuclear medicine physicians; 16 patients had BAT activation on 18F-FDG PET/CT [7.80%; age 27.50 (15.00-45.50) years; 10 female/6 male; body mass index [BMI] 24.90 [19.60-25.35] kg/m2). From the remaining 189 patients, we selected 36 matched controls (age 34.4 [25.4-45.5] years; 21 female/15 male; BMI 25.0 [22.0-26.0] kg/m2). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Overall survival. RESULTS The presence of active BAT on 18F-FDG PET/CT was associated with decreased overall survival when compared with the control group (HRz 5.80; 95% CI, 1.05-32.05; P = 0.02). This association remained significant after adjusting for the SDHB mutation. Median plasma NE in the BAT group was higher than the control group [4.65 vs 0.55 times above the upper limit of normal; P < 0.01]. There was a significant association between higher plasma NE levels and mortality in PPGLs in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the detection of BAT activity in PPGL patients is associated with higher mortality. We suggest that BAT activation could either be reflecting or contributing to a state of increased host stress that may predict poor outcome in metastatic PPGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Abdul Sater
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abhishek Jha
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ahmed Hamimi
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adel Mandl
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Iris R Hartley
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sriram Gubbi
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mayank Patel
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa Gonzales
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Taïeb
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, La Timone University Hospital, CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Ali Cahid Civelek
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Radiology, and Imaging Sciences, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ahmed M Gharib
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sungyoung Auh
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alana E O’Mara
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Aaron M. Cypess, MD, PhD, MMSc, Acting Section Chief, Translational Physiology Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, CRC, Room, Bethesda, Maryland 20892–1109 USA. E-mail:
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6
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González-García I, Milbank E, Martinez-Ordoñez A, Diéguez C, López M, Contreras C. HYPOTHesizing about central comBAT against obesity. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 76:193-211. [PMID: 31845114 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a brain region in charge of many vital functions. Among them, BAT thermogenesis represents an essential physiological function to maintain body temperature. In the metabolic context, it has now been established that energy expenditure attributed to BAT function can contribute to the energy balance in a substantial extent. Thus, therapeutic interest in this regard has increased in the last years and some studies have shown that BAT function in humans can make a real contribution to improve diabetes and obesity-associated diseases. Nevertheless, how the hypothalamus controls BAT activity is still not fully understood. Despite the fact that much has been known about the mechanisms that regulate BAT activity in recent years, and that the central regulation of thermogenesis offers a very promising target, many questions remain still unsolved. Among them, the possible human application of knowledge obtained from rodent studies, and drug administration strategies able to specifically target the hypothalamus. Here, we review the current knowledge of homeostatic regulation of BAT, including the molecular insights of brown adipocytes, its central control, and its implication in the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael González-García
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Edward Milbank
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Guglielmi V, Sbraccia P. Obesity phenotypes: depot-differences in adipose tissue and their clinical implications. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:3-14. [PMID: 29230714 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, defined as excess fat mass, increases risks for multiple chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several types of cancer. Beyond adiposity per se, the pattern of fat distribution, android or truncal as compared to gynoid or peripheral, has a profound influence on systemic metabolism and hence risk for obesity complications. Not only factors as genetics, environment, gender, and age account for the apparent compartmentalization of white adipose tissue (WAT) in the body. Indeed, the heterogeneity among different anatomical depots also appears to stem from their intrinsic diversity, including cellular developmental origin, proliferative capacity, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, cytokine pattern, thermogenic ability, and vascularization. Under the obese condition, these depot-specific differences translate into specific WAT distribution patterns, giving rise to different cardiometabolic consequences. This review summarizes the clinical and mechanistic evidence for the depot-specific differences and the phenotypic characteristics of different WAT depots that link their depot-specific biology to obesity-specific complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guglielmi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Internal Medicine Unit and Obesity Center, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine Unit and Obesity Center, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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8
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18F-FDG PET/CT of Brown Adipose Tissue Hyperactivation Associated With Pregnancy and Paraganglioma. Clin Nucl Med 2017; 42:950-951. [PMID: 28806264 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000001819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This 32-year-old woman presented with pregnancy-related arterial hypertension unresponsive to antihypertensive therapy. During cesarean delivery, a lobulated retroperitoneal mass was discovered. F-FDG PET/CT performed 18 days postpartum demonstrated the hyperactive retroperitoneal mass and extensive hyperactivated brown adipose tissue. The mass was surgically removed, revealing a para-aortic multicentric paraganglioma. After surgery, blood pressure normalized, and serum chromogranin A and urinary metanephrines normalized. Brown adipose tissue hypermetabolism disappeared on follow-up FDG PET. Her initial FDG PET demonstrated brown adipose tissue hyperactivation, which may have been caused by the combination of hormonal changes in pregnancy and the paraganglioma.
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9
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Giordano A, Frontini A, Cinti S. Convertible visceral fat as a therapeutic target to curb obesity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:405-24. [PMID: 26965204 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic and preventative strategies are needed to address the growing obesity epidemic. In animal models, brown adipose tissue activation and the associated heat produced contribute to countering obesity and the accompanying metabolic abnormalities. Adult humans also have functional brown fat. Here, we present and discuss the concepts of murine and human white adipose tissue plasticity and the transdifferentiation of white adipocytes into brown adipocytes. Human visceral adipocytes - which are crucial contributors to the burden of obesity and its complications - are particularly susceptible to such transdifferentiation. Therefore, we propose that this process should be a focus of anti-obesity research. Approved drugs that have browning properties as well as future drugs that target molecular pathways involved in white-to-brown visceral adipocyte transdifferentiation may provide new avenues for obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Università Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto, 10/A 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Università Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto, 10/A 60020 Ancona, Italy.,Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Università Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, 60020 Ancona, Italy
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10
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Role of the autonomic nervous system in activation of human brown adipose tissue: A review of the literature. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2015; 41:437-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Evidence from rodents established an important role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in energy expenditure. Moreover, to sustain thermogenesis, BAT has been shown to be a powerful sink for draining and oxidation of glucose and triglycerides from blood. The potential of BAT activity in protection against obesity and metabolic syndrome is recognized. Recently, an unexpected presence and activity of BAT has been found in adult humans. Here we review the most recent research in this field and, specifically, how new findings apply to humans. Moreover, we seek to clarify the underlying biological processes occurring beyond the burst of new nomenclature in the field. The cell type responsible for thermogenesis, the brown adipocyte, arises from complex developmental processes. In addition to 'classical' brown adipocytes, present in developmentally programmed BAT depots, there are brown adipocytes, named 'brite' (from 'brown-in-white') or 'beige', which appear in response to thermogenic stimuli in white fat due to the so-called 'browning' process. Beige/brite cells appear to be important components of BAT depots in adult humans. In addition to the known control of BAT activity by the sympathetic nervous system, metabolic and hormonal signals originating in muscle or liver (e.g. irisin, FGF21) are recognized as activators of BAT and beige/brite adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Cereijo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Barcelona, Catalonia , Spain
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12
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Izzi-Engbeaya C, Salem V, Atkar RS, Dhillo WS. Insights into Brown Adipose Tissue Physiology as Revealed by Imaging Studies. Adipocyte 2015; 4:1-12. [PMID: 26167397 DOI: 10.4161/21623945.2014.965609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been resurgence in interest in brown adipose tissue (BAT) following radiological and histological identification of metabolically active BAT in adult humans. Imaging enables BAT to be studied non-invasively and therefore imaging studies have contributed a significant amount to what is known about BAT function in humans. In this review the current knowledge (derived from imaging studies) about the prevalence, function, activity and regulation of BAT in humans (as well as relevant rodent studies), will be summarized.
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Key Words
- 11C-MHED, [11C]-meta-hydroxyephedrine
- 18F-FDG, [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose
- 99mTc-sestamibi, technetium-99m sestamibi
- 99mTc-tetrofosmin, technetium-99m tetrofosmin
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BMI, body mass index
- BOLD, blood oxygen level dependent
- CIT, cold-induced thermogenesis
- IQR, interquartile range
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NST, non-shivering thermogenesis
- PET-CT, positron emission tomography-computed tomography
- SPECT, single photon emission CT
- UCP-1, uncoupling protein 1
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- brown adipose tissue
- energy expenditure
- imaging
- metabolism
- thermogenesis
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Park JW, Jung KH, Lee JH, Quach CHT, Moon SH, Cho YS, Lee KH. 18F-FDG PET/CT monitoring of β3 agonist-stimulated brown adipocyte recruitment in white adipose tissue. J Nucl Med 2014; 56:153-8. [PMID: 25525187 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.147603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is rising interest in recruitment of brown adipocytes into white adipose tissue (WAT) as a means to augment energy expenditure for weight reduction. We thus investigated the potential of (18)F-FDG uptake as an imaging biomarker that can monitor the process of WAT browning. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated daily with the β3 agonist CL316,243 (5-[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]propyl]-1,3-benzodioxole-2,2-dicarboxylic acid disodium salt), whereas controls received saline. (18)F-FDG small-animal PET/CT was serially performed at 1 h after CL316,243 injection. After sacrifice, interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and WAT depots were extracted, weighed, and measured for (18)F-FDG uptake. Tissues underwent immunostaining, and UCP1 content was quantified by Western blotting. RESULTS PET/CT showed low (18)F-FDG uptake in both BAT and inguinal WAT at baseline. BAT uptake was substantially increased by a single stimulation with CL316,243. Uptake in inguinal WAT was only modestly elevated by the first stimulation uptake but gradually increased to BAT level by prolonged stimulation. Ex vivo measurements recapitulated the PET findings, and measured (18)F-FDG uptake in other WAT depots was similar to inguinal WAT. WAT browning by prolonged stimulation was confirmed by a substantial increase in uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), cytochrome-c oxidase 4 (COX4), and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) staining as markers of brown adipocytes. UCP1 content, which served as a measure for extent of browning, was low in baseline inguinal WAT but linearly increased over 10 d of CL316,243 injection. Finally, image-based and ex vivo-measured (18)F-FDG uptake in inguinal WAT correlated well with UCP1 content. CONCLUSION (18)F-FDG PET/CT has the capacity to monitor brown adipocyte recruitment into WAT depots in vivo and may thus be useful for screening the efficacy of strategies to promote WAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Won Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cung Hoa Thien Quach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seok Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Han Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Banzo J, Ubieto M, Berisa M, Andrés A, Mateo M, Tardín L, Parra A, Razola P, Prats E. Extensive hypermetabolic pattern of brown adipose tissue activation on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient diagnosed of catecholamine-secreting para-vesical paraganglioma. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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