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Szukiewicz D. Insight into the Potential Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption by Dietary Phytoestrogens in the Context of the Etiopathogenesis of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12195. [PMID: 37569571 PMCID: PMC10418522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens (PEs) are estrogen-like nonsteroidal compounds derived from plants (e.g., nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables) and fungi that are structurally similar to 17β-estradiol. PEs bind to all types of estrogen receptors, including ERα and ERβ receptors, nuclear receptors, and a membrane-bound estrogen receptor known as the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). As endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with pro- or antiestrogenic properties, PEs can potentially disrupt the hormonal regulation of homeostasis, resulting in developmental and reproductive abnormalities. However, a lack of PEs in the diet does not result in the development of deficiency symptoms. To properly assess the benefits and risks associated with the use of a PE-rich diet, it is necessary to distinguish between endocrine disruption (endocrine-mediated adverse effects) and nonspecific effects on the endocrine system. Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease of unknown etiopathogenesis, in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) grows outside of the uterus with subsequent complications being manifested as a result of local inflammatory reactions. Endometriosis affects 10-15% of women of reproductive age and is associated with chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility. In this review, the endocrine-disruptive actions of PEs are reviewed in the context of endometriosis to determine whether a PE-rich diet has a positive or negative effect on the risk and course of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Anguiano B, Álvarez L, Delgado-González E, Ortiz-Martínez Z, Montes de Oca C, Morales G, Aceves C. Protective effects of iodine on rat prostate inflammation induced by sex hormones and on the DU145 prostate cancer cell line treated with TNF. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 572:111957. [PMID: 37192707 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular iodine (I2) prevents oxidative stress and prostate hyperplasia induced by hyperandrogenism and reduces cell viability in prostate cancer cell lines. Here, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of I2 and testosterone (T) on hyperestrogenism-induced prostate inflammation. Additionally, the effects of I2 and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on cell viability and interleukin 6 (IL6) secretion were evaluated in a prostate cancer cell line (DU145). We also investigated whether the effects of I2 on viability are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)-dependent. Castrated (Cx) rats received pellets of either 17β estradiol (E2) or E2 and T and were treated with I2 (0.05%) in the drinking water for four weeks. The experimental groups were sham, Cx, Cx + E2, Cx + E2+I2, Cx + E2+T, and Cx + E2+T + I2. As expected, inflammation was triggered in the Cx + E2 group (high inflammation score; increase in TNF and transcriptional activity of RELA [nuclear factor-kappa B p65 subunit]), and this effect was diminished in the Cx + E2+T group (medium inflammation score and decrease in TNF). The lowest inflammation score (decrease of TNF and RELA and increase of PPARG) was obtained in the Cx + E2+T + I2 group. In DU145 cells, I2 (400 μM) and TNF (10 ng/ml) additively reduced cell viability, and I2 reduced the production of TNF-stimulated IL6. The PPARG antagonist (GW9662) did not inhibit the effects of I2 on the loss of cell viability. In summary, our data suggest that I2 and T exert a synergistic anti-inflammatory action on the normal prostate, and the interrelationship between I2 and TNF leads to anti-proliferative effects in DU145 cells. PPARG does not seem to participate in the I2-induced cell viability loss in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Anguiano
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Lourdes Álvarez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Evangelina Delgado-González
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Zamira Ortiz-Martínez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carlos Montes de Oca
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Giapsy Morales
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carmen Aceves
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
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3
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Trivedi S, Labuz D, Deering-Rice CE, Kim CU, Christensen H, Aamodt S, Huecksteadt T, Sanders K, Warren KJ. IL-33 induces NF-κB activation in ILC2 that can be suppressed by in vivo and ex vivo 17β-estradiol. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:1062412. [PMID: 36506643 PMCID: PMC9732027 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1062412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthmatic women tend to develop severe airway disease in their reproductive years, and 30%-40% of asthmatic women have peri-menstrual worsening of asthma symptoms. This indicates that fluctuations in ovarian hormones are involved in advancement of asthmatic disease and exacerbation of symptoms. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells, or ILC2, are readily detected in allergic conditions, such as rhinosinusitis, in individuals that develop nasal polyps do to allergen exposures, and in allergic asthma. ILC2 are airway localized immune cells activated by IL-33, an innate cytokine that perpetuates allergic inflammation by driving the production of IL-5 and IL-13. We have previously shown that ILC2 are highly activated in naïve and ovalbumin (OVA) challenged, female BALB/c mice in comparison to male mice following stimulation with IL-33. Here, we investigated the effect of steady-state ovarian hormones on ILC2 and the NF-κB signaling pathway following OVA sensitization and challenge. We found that estrogen-treated ovariectomized mice (OVX-E2) that had been challenged with OVA had reduced IL-5 and IL-13 production by lung ILC2 as compared to lung ILC2 isolated from intact male and female sham-operated controls that had been treated with OVA. ILC2 were isolated from untreated animals and co-cultured ex vivo with and without estrogen plus IL-33. Those estrogen-treated ILC2 similarly produced less IL-5 and IL-13 in comparison to untreated, and had reduced NF-κB activation. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that 120 genes were differentially expressed in male and female ILC2, and Nfkb1 was found among top-ranked regulatory interactions. Together, these results provide new insight into the suppressive effect of estrogen on ILC2 which may be protective in female asthmatics. Understanding further how estrogen modulates ILC2 may provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- George E Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Daniel Labuz
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Chu Un Kim
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Hayden Christensen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sam Aamodt
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Tom Huecksteadt
- George E Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Karl Sanders
- George E Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kristi J. Warren
- George E Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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4
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Namba MD, Phillips MN, Neisewander JL, Olive MF. Nuclear factor kappa B signaling within the rat nucleus accumbens core sex-dependently regulates cue-induced cocaine seeking and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:252-265. [PMID: 35259426 PMCID: PMC9116481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic drug self-administration and withdrawal are associated with distinct neuroimmune adaptations that may increase drug craving and relapse vulnerability in humans. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway is a critical regulator of many immune- and addiction-related genes such as the extracellular matrix enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which is a known modulator of learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. While some studies suggest striatal NF-κB signaling may regulate drug-conditioned behavior, no studies to date have examined whether NF-κB signaling within the nucleus accumbens core (NAc core) alters downstream neuroimmune function and cue-motivated cocaine seeking following a period of forced abstinence, whether any effects are specific to cocaine over other reinforcers, or whether sex differences exist. Here, we examined whether viral-mediated knockdown of the p65 subunit of NF-κB within the NAc core would alter MMP-9 expression and cue-induced cocaine- and sucrose-seeking behavior following a period of forced abstinence in male and female rats. We demonstrate that NAc core p65 knockdown results in a significant decrease in cue-induced cocaine seeking in males but not females. This effect was specific to cocaine, as p65 knockdown did not significantly affect cue-induced sucrose seeking in either males or females. Moreover, we demonstrate that males express higher levels of MMP-9 within the NAc core and nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) compared to females, and that p65 knockdown significantly decreases MMP-9 in the NAc core of males but not females among cocaine cue-exposed animals. Altogether, these results suggest that NAc core NF-κB signaling exerts modulatory control over cue-motivated drug-seeking behavior and downstream neuroimmune function in a sex-specific manner. These findings highlight the need to consider sex as an important biological variable when examining immunomodulatory mechanisms of cocaine seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Namba
- School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Megan N Phillips
- School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - M Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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5
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Change in expression of NFκb and MUC5AC in nasal mucosa during pregnancy. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.789704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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6
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Soler L, Stella A, Seva J, Pallarés FJ, Lahjouji T, Burlet-Schiltz O, Oswald IP. Proteome changes induced by a short, non-cytotoxic exposure to the mycoestrogen zearalenone in the pig intestine. J Proteomics 2020; 224:103842. [PMID: 32454255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial homeostasis is regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways. Among them is estrogen signaling, important for the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells, immune signaling and metabolism. The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogen disruptor naturally found in food and feed. The exposure of the intestine to ZEN has toxic effects including alteration of the immune status and is possibly implicated in carcinogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms linked with these effects are not clear. Our objective was to explore the proteome changes induced by a short, non-cytotoxic exposure to ZEN in the intestine using pig jejunal explants. Our results indicated that ZEN promotes little proteome changes, but significantly related with an induction of ERα signaling and a consequent disruption of highly interrelated signaling cascades, such as NF-κB, ERK1/2, CDX2 and HIF1α. The toxicity of ZEN leads also to an altered immune status characterized by the activation of the chemokine CXCR4/SDF-1 axis and an accumulation of MHC-I proteins. Our results connect the estrogen disrupting activity of ZEN with its intestinal toxic effect, associating the exposure to ZEN with cell-signaling disorders similar to those involved in the onset and progression of diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammatory disorders. SIGNIFICANCE: The proteomics results presented in our study indicate that the endocrine disruptor activity of ZEN is able to regulate a cascade of highly inter-connected signaling events essential for the small intestinal crypt-villus cycle and immune status. These molecular mechanisms are also implicated in the onset and progress of intestinal immune disorders and cancer indicating that exposure to ZEN could play an important role in intestinal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Soler
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Alexandre Stella
- Toulouse Proteomics Infrastructure, Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan Seva
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Excellence Campus, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Jose Pallarés
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Excellence Campus, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tarek Lahjouji
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Toulouse Proteomics Infrastructure, Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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7
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Palumbo S, Mariotti V, Anastasio T, Rota G, Lucchi L, Manfrinati A, Rumiati R, Lotto L, Sarlo M, Pietrini P, Pellegrini S. A genetic profile of oxytocin receptor improves moral acceptability of outcome-maximizing harm in male insurance brokers. Behav Brain Res 2020; 392:112681. [PMID: 32387223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, conflicting findings have been reported in the scientific literature about the influence of dopaminergic, serotonergic and oxytocinergic gene variants on moral behavior. Here, we utilized a moral judgment paradigm to test the potential effects on moral choices of three polymorphisms of the Oxytocin receptor (OXTR): rs53576, rs2268498 and rs1042770. We analyzed the influence of each single polymorphism and of genetic profiles obtained by different combinations of their genotypes in a sample of male insurance brokers (n = 129), as compared to control males (n = 109). Insurance brokers resulted significantly more oriented to maximize outcomes than control males, thus they expressed more than controls the utilitarian attitude phenotype. When analyzed individually, none of the selected variants influenced the responses to moral dilemmas. In contrast, a composite genetic profile that potentially increases OXTR activity was associated with higher moral acceptability in brokers. We hypothesize that this genetic profile promotes outcome-maximizing behavior in brokers by focusing their attention on what represents a greater good, that is, saving the highest number of people, even though at the cost of sacrificing one individual. Our data suggest that investigations in a sample that most expresses the phenotype of interest, combined with the analysis of composite genetic profiles rather than individual variants, represent a promising strategy to find out weak genetic influences on complex phenotypes, such as moral behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Palumbo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Mariotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Teresa Anastasio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Manfrinati
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rino Rumiati
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorella Lotto
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Sarlo
- Department of General Psychology and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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8
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Sanese P, Forte G, Disciglio V, Grossi V, Simone C. FOXO3 on the Road to Longevity: Lessons From SNPs and Chromatin Hubs. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:737-745. [PMID: 31303978 PMCID: PMC6606898 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Health span is driven by a precise interplay between genes and the environment. Cell response to environmental cues is mediated by signaling cascades and genetic variants that affect gene expression by regulating chromatin plasticity. Indeed, they can promote the interaction of promoters with regulatory elements by forming active chromatin hubs. FOXO3 encodes a transcription factor with a strong impact on aging and age-related phenotypes, as it regulates stress response, therefore affecting lifespan. A significant association has been shown between human longevity and several FOXO3 variants located in intron 2. This haplotype block forms a putative aging chromatin hub in which FOXO3 has a central role, as it modulates the physical connection and activity of neighboring genes involved in age-related processes. Here we describe the role of FOXO3 and its single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in healthy aging, with a focus on the enhancer region encompassing the SNP rs2802292, which upregulates FOXO3 expression and can promote the activity of the aging hub in response to different stress stimuli. FOXO3 protective effect on lifespan may be due to the accessibility of this region to transcription factors promoting its expression. This could in part explain the differences in FOXO3 association with longevity between genders, as its activity in females may be modulated by estrogens through estrogen receptor response elements located in the rs2802292-encompassing region. Altogether, the molecular mechanisms described here may help establish whether the rs2802292 SNP can be taken advantage of in predictive medicine and define the potential of targeting FOXO3 for age-related diseases.
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Key Words
- 3C, Chromosome conformation capture
- 5′UTR, Five prime untranslated region
- ACH, Active chromatin hub
- Aging
- Chromatin hub
- ER, Estrogen receptor
- ERE, Estrogen-responsive element
- FHRE, Forkhead response element
- FOXO3
- FOXO3, Forkhead box 3
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GWAS, Genome-wide association study
- HPS, Hamartomatous polyposis syndrome
- HSE, Heat shock element
- HSF1, Heat shock factor 1
- IGF-1, Insulin growth factor-1
- LD, Linkage disequilibrium
- Longevity
- PHTS, PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
- PJS, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SNP
- SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism
- SNV, Single nucleotide variant
- SOD2, Superoxide dismutase 2
- TAD, Topologically associated domain
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Forte
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Vittoria Disciglio
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.,Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
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9
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Hwang HV, Lin Y, Rebuffatti MN, Tran DT, Lee L, Gomes AV, Li CS, Knowlton AA. Impaired proteostasis in senescent vascular endothelial cells: a perspective on estrogen and oxidative stress in the aging vasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H421-H429. [PMID: 30499713 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00318.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock response is an important cytoprotective mechanism for protein homeostasis and is an essential protective response to cellular stress and injury. Studies on changes in the heat shock response with aging have been mixed with regard to whether it is inhibited, and this, at least in part, reflects different tissues and different models. Cellular senescence is a key feature in aging, but work on the heat shock response in cultured senescent (SEN) cells has largely been limited to fibroblasts. Given the prevalence of oxidative injury in the aging cardiovascular system, we investigated whether SEN primary human coronary artery endothelial cells have a diminished heat shock response and impaired proteostasis. In addition, we tested whether this downregulation of heat shock response can be mitigated by 17β-estradiol (E2), which has a critical cardioprotective role in women, as we have previously reported that E2 improves the heat shock response in endothelial cells (Hamilton KL, Mbai FN, Gupta S, Knowlton AA. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24: 1628-1633, 2004). We found that SEN endothelial cells, despite their unexpectedly increased proteasome activity, had a diminished heat shock response and had more protein aggregation than early passage cells. SEN cells had increased oxidative stress, which promoted protein aggregation. E2 treatment did not decrease protein aggregation or improve the heat shock response in either early passage or SEN cells. In summary, cellular senescence in adult human endothelial cells is accompanied by increased oxidative stress and a blunting of proteostasis, and E2 did not mitigate these changes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Senescent human endothelial cells have a diminished heat shock response and increased protein aggregates. Senescent human endothelial cells have increased basal oxidative stress, which increases protein aggregates. Physiological level of 17β-estradiol did not improve proteostasis in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunTae V Hwang
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Yun Lin
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michelle N Rebuffatti
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Darlene T Tran
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Lily Lee
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Chin-Shang Li
- School of Nursing, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anne A Knowlton
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Sacramento, California.,Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California
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10
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Panic A, Stanimirovic J, Obradovic M, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Perovic M, Lackovic M, Petrovic N, Isenovic ER. Estradiol-mediated regulation of hepatic iNOS in obese rats: Impact of Src, ERK1/2, AMPKα, and miR-221. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:797-806. [PMID: 29957877 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate in vivo effects of estradiol on the regulation of hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity. Also, we aimed to investigate whether activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Src kinase, and miR-221 is involved in estradiol-mediated regulation of iNOS in the liver of obese male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a standard laboratory diet or a HF diet for 10 weeks. Half of HF rats were treated with estradiol intraperitoneally (40 μg/kg), whereas the other half were placebo-treated 24 H before euthanasia. Results show that estradiol treatment of HF rats decreased hepatic iNOS mRNA (P < 0.05) and protein expression (P < 0.01), the protein levels of p65 subunit of nuclear factor κB (P < 0.05) and ERα (P < 0.05), ERK1/2 phosphorylation (P < 0.001), and ERα/Src kinase association (P < 0.05). By contrast, hepatic Src protein level (P < 0.05), AMPKα phosphorylation (P < 0.05), and miR-221 expression (P < 0.05) were increased in HF rats after estradiol treatment. Our results indicate that estradiol in vivo regulates hepatic iNOS expression in obese rats via molecular mechanisms involving ERK1/2, AMPK, Src, and miR-221 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasija Panic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Julijana Stanimirovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emina Sudar-Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Perovic
- Clinic for Gineacology and Obstetrics "Narodni front,", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Lackovic
- Clinical Hospital Centre Zemun, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Petrovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Karki P, Hong P, Johnson J, Pajarillo E, Son DS, Aschner M, Lee EY. Arundic Acid Increases Expression and Function of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporter EAAT1 Via the ERK, Akt, and NF-κB Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5031-5046. [PMID: 28812276 PMCID: PMC5964991 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, but excessive synaptic glutamate must be removed to prevent excitotoxic injury and death. Two astrocytic glutamate transporters, excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 1 and 2, play a major role in eliminating excess glutamate from the synapse. Dysregulation of EAAT1 contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), ataxia, traumatic brain injuries, and glaucoma. In the present study, we investigated the effect of arundic acid on EAAT1 to determine its efficacy in enhancing the expression and function of EAAT1, and its possible mechanisms of action. The studies were carried out in human astrocyte H4 cells as well as in human primary astrocytes. Our findings show that arundic acid upregulated EAAT1 expression at the transcriptional level by activating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Arundic acid increased astrocytic EAAT1 promoter activity, messenger RNA (mRNA)/protein levels, and glutamate uptake, while pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB or mutation on NF-κB binding sites in the EAAT1 promoter region abrogated these effects. Arundic acid increased NF-κB reporter activity and induced NF-κB nuclear translocation as well as its bindings to the EAAT1 promoter. Furthermore, arundic acid activated the Akt and ERK signaling pathways to enhance EAAT1 mRNA/protein levels. Finally, arundic acid attenuated manganese-induced decrease in EAAT1 expression by inhibiting expression of the transcription factor Ying Yang 1 (YY1). These results demonstrate that arundic acid increases the expression and function of EAAT1 via the Akt, ERK, and NF-κB signaling pathways, and reverses Mn-induced EAAT1 repression by inhibiting the Mn-induced YY1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Peter Hong
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - James Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Eunsook Y Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA.
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12
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Zhang J, Song H, Lu Y, Chen H, Jiang S, Li L. Effects of estradiol on VEGF and bFGF by Akt in endometrial cancer cells are mediated through the NF-κB pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:705-14. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Vicennati V, Garelli S, Rinaldi E, Rosetti S, Zavatta G, Pagotto U, Pasquali R. Obesity-related proliferative diseases: the interaction between adipose tissue and estrogens in post-menopausal women. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 21:75-87. [PMID: 25781553 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that overweight and cancer are closely related, even though obesity alone does not apparently heighten cancer risk by the same amount. Given the low overall risk of all cancers with obesity, it is unlikely that obesity alone causes cancer, but should instead be considered as a tumor promoter. There are three main hypotheses that could explain how obesity might contribute to cancer development and growth: the inflammatory cytokines from adipose tissue hypothesis, the insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia hypothesis, and the unopposed estrogen cancer hypothesis. The link between obesity and cancer is that adipocytes constitute a major component of the tumor microenvironment for breast and abdominally metastasizing cancers, promoting tumor growth. This review will mainly focus attention on the relationship between adipose tissue, estrogens, and cancer risk.
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Kiyama R, Wada-Kiyama Y. Estrogenic endocrine disruptors: Molecular mechanisms of action. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 83:11-40. [PMID: 26073844 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive summary of more than 450 estrogenic chemicals including estrogenic endocrine disruptors is provided here to understand the complex and profound impact of estrogen action. First, estrogenic chemicals are categorized by structure as well as their applications, usage and effects. Second, estrogenic signaling is examined by the molecular mechanism based on the receptors, signaling pathways, crosstalk/bypassing and autocrine/paracrine/homeostatic networks involved in the signaling. Third, evaluation of estrogen action is discussed by focusing on the technologies and protocols of the assays for assessing estrogenicity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of estrogen action is important to assess the action of endocrine disruptors and will be used for risk management based on pathway-based toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoiti Kiyama
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Yuko Wada-Kiyama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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15
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Kimbrough CW, Lakshmanan J, Matheson PJ, Woeste M, Gentile A, Benns MV, Zhang B, Smith JW, Harbrecht BG. Resveratrol decreases nitric oxide production by hepatocytes during inflammation. Surgery 2015; 158:1095-101; discussion 1101. [PMID: 26283207 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The production of excessive amounts of nitric oxide (NO) through inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contributes to organ injury, inflammation, and mortality after shock. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol that decreases shock-induced hepatic injury and inflammation. We hypothesized that RSV would mediate these effects by decreasing hepatocyte iNOS production. METHODS Rat hepatocytes were isolated, cultured with varying concentrations of RSV, and then stimulated to induce iNOS with interleukin-1 and interferon. Induction of iNOS protein was measured by Western blot, iNOS mRNA by polymerase chain reaction, and NO production was measured by culture supernatant nitrite. Activation of intracellular signaling pathways involving Akt, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were measured by Western blot using isoform-specific antibodies. RESULTS RSV decreased the expression of iNOS mRNA, protein, and supernatant nitrite in a dose-dependent manner. Our previous work demonstrated that Akt and JNK both inhibit hepatic iNOS production, whereas NF-κB increases iNOS expression. Analysis of signaling pathways in this study demonstrated that RSV increased JNK phosphorylation but decreased Akt phosphorylation and increased NF-κB activation. CONCLUSION RSV decreases cytokine-induced hepatocyte iNOS expression, possibly through up-regulation of the JNK signaling pathway. RSV merits further investigation to determine its mechanism as a compound that can decrease inflammation after shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Kimbrough
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery and Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Jaganathan Lakshmanan
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery and Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Paul J Matheson
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery and Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Matthew Woeste
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery and Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Andrea Gentile
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery and Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Matthew V Benns
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery and Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Baochun Zhang
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery and Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Jason W Smith
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery and Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Brian G Harbrecht
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery and Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY.
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16
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Heiserman JP, Chen L, Kim BS, Kim SC, Tran AL, Siebenborn N, Knowlton AA. TLR4 mutation and HSP60-induced cell death in adult mouse cardiac myocytes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:527-35. [PMID: 25716072 PMCID: PMC4406935 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular (ex) HSP60 is increasingly recognized as an agent of cell injury. Previously, we reported that low endotoxin exHSP60 causes cardiac myocyte apoptosis. Our findings supported a role for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in HSP60 mediated apoptosis. To further investigate the involvement of TLR4 in cardiac injury, we studied adult cardiac myocytes from C3H/HeJ (HeJ) mice, which have a mutant, nonfunctional TLR4, and compared the results with parallel studies using wild-type (WT) mice. Nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation is an early step downstream of TLR4. NFκB was activated 1 h after treatment with HSP60 in WT, but not HeJ mouse myocytes. ExHSP60 caused apoptosis in cardiac myocytes from WT mice, but not in myocytes from the HeJ mutants. To further elucidate the importance of exHSP60 in cardiac myocyte injury, both WT and HeJ mutant isolated mouse adult cardiac myocytes were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Anti-HSP60 antibody treatment reduced apoptosis in the WT group, but had no effect on the HeJ mutant myocytes. Unexpectedly, necrosis was also decreased in the HeJ mutants. Necrosis after hypoxia/reoxygenation in WT cardiac myocytes was mediated in part by TLR2 and TLR4 through rapid activation of PKCα, followed by increased expression of Nox2, and this was ameliorated by blocking antibodies to TLR2/4. These studies provide further evidence that TLR4 mediates exHSP60-associated apoptosis and that exHSP60 has an important role in cardiac myocyte injury, both apoptotic and necrotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Heiserman
- />Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - L. Chen
- />Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - B. S. Kim
- />Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- />Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S. C. Kim
- />Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - A. L. Tran
- />Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - N. Siebenborn
- />Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - A. A. Knowlton
- />Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- />VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
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17
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Dobo C, Stavale JN, Lima FDO, Ribeiro DA, Arias V, Gomes TS, Oshima CTF. HSP27 is commonly expressed in cervical intraepithelial lesions of Brazilian women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:5007-10. [PMID: 24175767 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that may be constitutively present in cells protecting them from various stresses, such as extreme temperature, anoxia or chemical agents. Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent malignancy of women. In this study, we analyzed the expression of Hsp27 by immunohistochemistry in cervical intraepithelial lesions of Brazilian women, along with samples from non neoplasic lesions (NN). Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (CIN I), II (CIN II) and III (CIN III)/in situ carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were included. Immunostaining was observed in 30 (100%) samples of NN, 46 (92%) in CIN I, 50 (100%) in CIN II, 52 (98.11%) in CIN III/CIS, and 46 (98.11%) in SCC. In group NN Hsp27 immunostaining was heterogeneous, more intense in basal and parabasal layers of the epithelium and less or absent in the intermediate and superficial layer. The majority of the samples of CIS and SCC presented strong staining in allepithelial layers. Metaplasic cells, when present, were strongly stained. In this study, Hsp27 protein was found to be commonly expressed in cervical epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Dobo
- Department of Pathology, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil E-mail : ,
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18
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Estrogen signaling in metabolic inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:615917. [PMID: 25400333 PMCID: PMC4226184 DOI: 10.1155/2014/615917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence supporting the interference of inflammatory activation with metabolism. Obesity, mainly visceral obesity, is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state, triggered by metabolic surplus where specialized metabolic cells such as adipocytes activate cellular stress initiating and sustaining the inflammatory program. The increasing prevalence of obesity, resulting in increased cardiometabolic risk and precipitating illness such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, cirrhosis, and certain types of cancer, constitutes a good example of this association. The metabolic actions of estrogens have been studied extensively and there is also accumulating evidence that estrogens influence immune processes. However, the connection between these two fields of estrogen actions has been underacknowledged since little attention has been drawn towards the possible action of estrogens on the modulation of metabolism through their anti-inflammatory properties. In the present paper, we summarize knowledge on the modification inflammatory processes by estrogens with impact on metabolism and highlight major research questions on the field. Understanding the regulation of metabolic inflammation by estrogens may provide the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to the management of metabolic dysfunctions.
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19
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RAFFO DIEGO, PONTIGGIA OSVALDO, DE KIER JOFFÉ ELISABAL, SIMIAN MARINA. Non-genomic actions of estradiol and 4-OH-tamoxifen on murine breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:439-47. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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20
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Knowlton AA, Korzick DH. Estrogen and the female heart. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 389:31-9. [PMID: 24462775 PMCID: PMC5709037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen has a plethora of effects in the cardiovascular system. Studies of estrogen and the heart span human clinical trials and basic cell and molecular investigations. Greater understanding of cell and molecular responses to estrogens can provide further insights into the findings of clinical studies. Differences in expression and cellular/intracellular distribution of the two main receptors, estrogen receptor (ER) α and β, are thought to account for the specificity and differences in responses to estrogen. Much remains to be learned in this area, but cellular distribution within the cardiovascular system is becoming clearer. Identification of GPER as a third ER has introduced further complexity to the system. 17β-estradiol (E2), the most potent human estrogen, clearly has protective properties activating a signaling cascade leading to cellular protection and also influencing expression of the protective heat shock proteins (HSP). E2 protects the heart from ischemic injury in basic studies, but the picture is more involved in the whole organism and clinical studies. Here the complexity of E2's widespread effects comes into play and makes interpretation of findings more challenging. Estrogen loss occurs primarily with aging, but few studies have used aged models despite clear evidence of differences between the response to estrogen deficiency in adult and aged animals. Thus more work is needed focusing on the effects of aging vs. estrogen loss on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Knowlton
- The Department of Veteran's Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, CA, USA; Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - D H Korzick
- Intercollege Program in Physiology and Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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21
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Karki P, Webb A, Zerguine A, Choi J, Son DS, Lee E. Mechanism of raloxifene-induced upregulation of glutamate transporters in rat primary astrocytes. Glia 2014; 62:1270-83. [PMID: 24782323 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Raloxifene (RX), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), exerts neuroprotection in multiple clinical and experimental settings. Astrocytic glutamate transporters GLT-1 (EAAT2) and GLAST (EAAT1) are the main glutamate transporters in the central nervous system, taking up most of excess glutamate from the synaptic cleft to prevent excitotoxic neuronal death. Since drugs targeting astrocytic glutamate transporters to enhance their expression and function represent potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders associated with excitotoxicity, we tested if RX modulates the expression and function of GLT-1 and GLAST in rat primary astrocytes. The results showed that RX significantly increased glutamate uptake and expression of GLT-1 mRNA and protein levels. RX enhanced GLT-1 expression by the activation of multiple signaling pathways including ERK, EGFR, and CREB mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs) ER-α, ER-β, and GPR30. At the transcriptional level, NF-κB played a critical role in RX-induced GLT-1 expression as RX increased NF-κB reporter activity and induced binding of NF-κB p65 and p50 to the GLT-1 promoter. RX attenuated the reduction of GLT-1 expression and glutamate uptake induced by manganese (Mn) whose chronic high levels of exposure cause manganism. RX also upregulated GLAST by increasing its promoter activity and protein levels via the NF-κB pathway and ERs. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanism of RX-induced enhancement of GLT-1 and GLAST expression, as well as the attenuation of Mn-reduced expression of these transporters. These findings will be highly valuable for developing therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases associated with impaired astrocytic glutamate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
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22
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Chen LC, Lee WS. Estradiol reduces ferrous citrate complex-induced NOS2 up-regulation in cerebral endothelial cells by interfering the nuclear factor kappa B transactivation through an estrogen receptor β-mediated pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84320. [PMID: 24376801 PMCID: PMC3871628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke caused leakage of red blood cells which converts to hemoglobin, heme, and iron accumulated at the lesions. High concentration of ferrous iron from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) induced cerebral vasospasm. Using the two-hemorrhage SAH model in rats, we previously demonstrated that estradiol (E2) significantly attenuated the SAH-induced vasospasm by inhibiting the NOS2 expression. Adding ferrous citrate (FC) complexes to the primary cultured mouse cerebral endothelial cells (CEC) to mimic the SAH conditions, we also showed that FC up-regulates NOS2 through nuclear translocation of NFκB induced by free radicals generation. Here, we further studied the molecular mechanism underlying E2-mediated reduction of the FC-induced up-regulation of NOS2. Treatment with E2 (100 nM) reduced the FC (100 µM)-induced increases of free radical generation and the levels of NOS2 mRNA and protein in the CEC. Moreover, E2 also prevented the FC-induced increases of IκBα phosphorylation, NFκB nuclear translocation, NFκB binding onto the NOS2 promoter, and the NOS2 promoter luciferase activity. However, knock-down the estrogen receptor β (ERβ), but not ERα, abolished the E2-mediated prevention on the FC-induced increases of NOS2 mRNA and protein. The data from the present study suggest that E2 inhibited NOS2 gene expression by interfering with NFκB nuclear translocation and NFκB binding onto the NOS2 through an ERβ-mediated pathway. Our results provide the molecular basis for designing the applicable therapeutic or preventive strategies in the treatment SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ching Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Wang Y, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Li J, Wang Z, Zhang G, Yu J. 10(-7) m 17β-oestradiol enhances odonto/osteogenic potency of human dental pulp stem cells by activation of the NF-κB pathway. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:677-84. [PMID: 24152244 PMCID: PMC4065368 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oestrogen has been proven to significantly enhance osteogenic potency, while oestrogen deficiency usually leads to impaired osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, little is known concerning direct effects of oestrogen on differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, human DPSCs were isolated and treated with 10(-7) m 17β-oestradiol (E2). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and alizarin red staining were performed. RESULTS Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red showed that E2 treatment significantly enhanced ALP activity and mineralization ability of DPSCs, but had no effect on cell proliferation. Real-time RT-PCR and western blot assay demonstrated that odonto/osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2/RUNX2, OSX/OSX, OCN/OCN and DSPP/DSP) were significantly upregulated in the cells after E2 treatment. Moreover, phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IκBα/P65 and expression of nuclear P65 were enhanced in a time-dependent manner following E2 treatment, suggesting activation of NF-κB signaling. Conversely, inhibition of the NF-κB pathway suppressed E2-mediated upregulation of odonto/osteogenic markers, indicating that the NF-κB pathway was pivotal for E2-mediated differentiation. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that 10(-7) m 17β-oestradiol promoted odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human DPSCs via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Endodontic Department, Suzhou Stomatological Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215005, China
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24
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Karki P, Webb A, Smith K, Lee K, Son DS, Aschner M, Lee E. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor κB mediate the tamoxifen-induced up-regulation of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in rat astrocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28975-86. [PMID: 23955341 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.483826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TX), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, exerts antagonistic effects on breast tissue and is used to treat breast cancer. Recent evidence also suggests that it may act as an agonist in brain tissue. We reported previously that TX enhanced the expression and function of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in rat astrocytes, an effect that was mediated by TGF-α. To gain further insight into the mechanisms that mediate TX-induced up-regulation of GLT-1 (EAAT2 in humans), we investigated its effect on GLT-1 at the transcriptional level. TX phosphorylated the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and recruited CREB to the GLT-1 promoter consensus site. The effect of TX on astrocytic GLT-1 was attenuated by the inhibition of PKA, the upstream activator of the CREB pathway. In addition, the effect of TX on GLT-1 promoter activity was abolished by the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, TX recruited the NF-κB subunits p65 and p50 to the NF-κB binding domain of the GLT-1 promoter. Mutation of NF-κB (triple, -583/-282/-251) or CRE (-308) sites on the GLT-1 promoter led to significant repression of the promoter activity, but neither mutant completely abolished the TX-induced GLT-1 promoter activity. Mutation of both the NF-κB (-583/-282/-251) and CRE (-308) sites led to a complete abrogation of the effect of TX on GLT-1 promoter activity. Taken together, our findings establish that TX regulates GLT-1 via the CREB and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- From the Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208
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25
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Jog NR, Caricchio R. Differential regulation of cell death programs in males and females by Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 and 17β estradiol. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e758. [PMID: 23928697 PMCID: PMC3763428 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell death can be divided into the anti-inflammatory process of apoptosis and the
pro-inflammatory process of necrosis. Necrosis, as apoptosis, is a regulated form of cell
death, and Poly-(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and Receptor-Interacting Protein (RIP)
1/3 are major mediators. We previously showed that absence or inhibition of PARP-1
protects mice from nephritis, however only the male mice. We therefore hypothesized that
there is an inherent difference in the cell death program between the sexes. We show here
that in an immune-mediated nephritis model, female mice show increased apoptosis compared
to male mice. Treatment of the male mice with estrogens induced apoptosis to levels
similar to that in female mice and inhibited necrosis. Although PARP-1 was activated in
both male and female mice, PARP-1 inhibition reduced necrosis only in the male mice. We
also show that deletion of RIP-3 did not have a sex bias. We demonstrate here that male
and female mice are prone to different types of cell death. Our data also suggest that
estrogens and PARP-1 are two of the mediators of the sex-bias in cell death. We therefore
propose that targeting cell death based on sex will lead to tailored and better treatments
for each gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Jog
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Temple Autoimmunity Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Malik ZA, Kott KS, Poe AJ, Kuo T, Chen L, Ferrara KW, Knowlton AA. Cardiac myocyte exosomes: stability, HSP60, and proteomics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H954-65. [PMID: 23376832 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00835.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, which are 50- to 100-nm-diameter lipid vesicles, have been implicated in intercellular communication, including transmitting malignancy, and as a way for viral particles to evade detection while spreading to new cells. Previously, we demonstrated that adult cardiac myocytes release heat shock protein (HSP)60 in exosomes. Extracellular HSP60, when not in exosomes, causes cardiac myocyte apoptosis via the activation of Toll-like receptor 4. Thus, release of HSP60 from exosomes would be damaging to the surrounding cardiac myocytes. We hypothesized that 1) pathological changes in the environment, such as fever, change in pH, or ethanol consumption, would increase exosome permeability; 2) different exosome inducers would result in different exosomal protein content; 3) ethanol at "physiological" concentrations would cause exosome release; and 4) ROS production is an underlying mechanism of increased exosome production. We found the following: first, exosomes retained their protein cargo under different physiological/pathological conditions, based on Western blot analyses. Second, mass spectrometry demonstrated that the protein content of cardiac exosomes differed significantly from other types of exosomes in the literature and contained cytosolic, sarcomeric, and mitochondrial proteins. Third, ethanol did not affect exosome stability but greatly increased the production of exosomes by cardiac myocytes. Fourth, ethanol- and hypoxia/reoxygenation-derived exosomes had different protein content. Finally, ROS inhibition reduced exosome production but did not completely inhibit it. In conclusion, exosomal protein content is influenced by the cell source and stimulus for exosome formation. ROS stimulate exosome production. The functions of exosomes remain to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Malik
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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