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Leiphrakpam PD, Newton R, Anaya DA, Are C. Evolution and current trends in the management of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Minerva Surg 2024; 79:455-469. [PMID: 38953758 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5691.24.10363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year relative overall survival of up to 20%. The liver is the most common site of distant metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC), with about 50% of CRC patients metastasizing to their liver over the course of their disease. Complete liver resection is the primary modality of treatment for resectable colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM), with an overall 5-year survival rate of up to 58%. However, only 15% to 20% of patients with CRLM are deemed suitable for resection at presentation. For unresectable diseases, the median survival of patients remains low even with the best chemotherapy. In recent decades, the management of CRLM has continued to evolve with the expansion of resection criteria, novel targeted systemic therapies, and improved locoregional therapies. However, due to the heterogeneity of the CRC patient population, the optimal evaluation of treatment options for CRLM remains complex. Therefore, effective management requires a multidisciplinary team to help define resectability and devise a personalized treatment approach, from the initial diagnosis to the final treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premila D Leiphrakpam
- Graduate Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rachael Newton
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Daniel A Anaya
- Section of Hepatobiliary Tumors, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chandrakanth Are
- Graduate Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA -
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Scherr AL, Nader L, Xu K, Elssner C, Ridder DA, Nichetti F, Mastel M, Fritzsche S, Kelmendi E, Schmitt N, Hoffmeister-Wittmann P, Weiler SME, Korell F, Albrecht T, Schwab M, Isele H, Kessler A, Hüllein J, Seretny A, Ye L, Urbanik T, Welte S, Leblond AL, Heilig CE, Rahbari M, Ali A, Gallage S, Lenoir B, Wilhelm N, Gärtner U, Ogrodnik SJ, Springfeld C, Tschaharganeh D, Fröhling S, Longerich T, Schulze-Bergkamen H, Jäger D, Brandl L, Schirmacher P, Straub BK, Weber A, De Toni EN, Goeppert B, Heikenwalder M, Jackstadt R, Roessler S, Breuhahn K, Köhler BC. Etiology-independent activation of the LTβ-LTβR-RELB axis drives aggressiveness and predicts poor prognosis in HCC. Hepatology 2024; 80:278-294. [PMID: 37916976 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HCC is the most common primary liver tumor, with an increasing incidence worldwide. HCC is a heterogeneous malignancy and usually develops in a chronically injured liver. The NF-κB signaling network consists of a canonical and a noncanonical branch. Activation of canonical NF-κB in HCC is documented. However, a functional and clinically relevant role of noncanonical NF-κB and its downstream effectors is not established. APPROACH AND RESULTS Four human HCC cohorts (total n = 1462) and 4 mouse HCC models were assessed for expression and localization of NF-κB signaling components and activating ligands. In vitro , NF-κB signaling, proliferation, and cell death were measured, proving a pro-proliferative role of v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B (RELB) activated by means of NF-κB-inducing kinase. In vivo , lymphotoxin beta was identified as the predominant inducer of RELB activation. Importantly, hepatocyte-specific RELB knockout in a murine HCC model led to a lower incidence compared to controls and lower maximal tumor diameters. In silico , RELB activity and RELB-directed transcriptomics were validated on the The Cancer Genome Atlas HCC cohort using inferred protein activity and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. In RELB-active HCC, pathways mediating proliferation were significantly activated. In contrast to v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A, nuclear enrichment of noncanonical RELB expression identified patients with a poor prognosis in an etiology-independent manner. Moreover, RELB activation was associated with malignant features metastasis and recurrence. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a prognostically relevant, etiology-independent, and cross-species consistent activation of a lymphotoxin beta/LTβR/RELB axis in hepatocarcinogenesis. These observations may harbor broad implications for HCC, including possible clinical exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Scherr
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Nader
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kaiyu Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christin Elssner
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk A Ridder
- Department of General Pathology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Nichetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Diagnostics Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Mastel
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Fritzsche
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eblina Kelmendi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Schmitt
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula Hoffmeister-Wittmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sofia M E Weiler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Korell
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schwab
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Isele
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Kessler
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hüllein
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Diagnostics Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Seretny
- Helmholtz-University Group "Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liangtao Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Toni Urbanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Welte
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Leblond
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph E Heilig
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rahbari
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adnan Ali
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suchira Gallage
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bénédicte Lenoir
- Clinical Cooperation Unit "Applied Tumor Immunity", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Wilhelm
- Clinical Cooperation Unit "Applied Tumor Immunity", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gärtner
- Interfaculty Biomedical Research Facility, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon J Ogrodnik
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Springfeld
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darjus Tschaharganeh
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-University Group "Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lydia Brandl
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Department of General Pathology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrico N De Toni
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- The M3 Research Center, University Clinic Tübingen (UKT), Medical faculty, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno C Köhler
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Xie H, Xiao X, Yi X, Huang K, Wang L. Cell-Membrane-Coated Metal-Organic Framework Nanocarrier Combining Chemodynamic Therapy for the Inhibition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Proliferation. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:619. [PMID: 38794281 PMCID: PMC11124917 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) employs hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to initiate the Fenton reaction and catalyze the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) for targeted therapy. Metal ion-based nanomaterials have garnered significant attention as catalysts due to their potent anti-tumor effects. Hypoxia in the TME is often associated with cancer cell development and metastasis, with HIF-1α being a pivotal factor in hypoxia adaptation. In this study, an organic framework called MIL-101 (Fe) was designed and synthesized to facilitate H2O2-induced ·OH production while also serving as a carrier for the HIF-1α inhibitor Acriflavine (ACF). A biomimetic nanomedical drug delivery system named MIL-101/ACF@CCM was constructed by encapsulating liver cancer cell membranes onto the framework. This delivery system utilized the homologous targeting of tumor cell membranes to transport ACF, inhibiting HIF-1α expression, alleviating tumor hypoxia, and catalyzing ·OH production for effective tumor eradication. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that combining ACF with chemotherapy achieved remarkable tumor inhibition by enhancing ROS production and suppressing HIF-1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Xie
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541006, China; (H.X.); (X.Y.); (K.H.)
| | - Xuhua Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China;
| | - Xiaoyuan Yi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541006, China; (H.X.); (X.Y.); (K.H.)
| | - Kunzhao Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541006, China; (H.X.); (X.Y.); (K.H.)
| | - Liyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China;
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Pan T, Li J, Zhang O, Zhu Y, Zhou H, Ma M, Yu Y, Lyu J, Chen Y, Xu L. Knockdown of ribosome RNA processing protein 15 suppresses migration of hepatocellular carcinoma through inhibiting PATZ1-associated LAMC2/FAK pathway. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:334. [PMID: 38475740 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosomal RNA processing protein 15 (RRP15) has been found to regulate the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the extent to which it contributes to the spread of HCC cells remains uncertain. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the biological function of RRP15 in the migration of HCC. METHODS The expression of RRP15 in HCC tissue microarray (TMA), tumor tissues and cell lines were determined. In vitro, the effects of RRP15 knockdown on the migration, invasion and adhesion ability of HCC cells were assessed by wound healing assay, transwell and adhesion assay, respectively. The effect of RRP15 knockdown on HCC migration was also evaluated in vivo in a mouse model. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis showed that high expression of RRP15 was significantly associated with low survival rate of HCC. The expression level of RRP15 was strikingly upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines compared with the corresponding controls, and TMA data also indicated that RRP15 was a pivotal prognostic factor for HCC. RRP15 knockdown in HCC cells reduced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibited migration in vitro and in vivo, independent of P53 expression. Mechanistically, blockade of RRP15 reduced the protein level of the transcription factor POZ/BTB and AT hook containing zinc finger 1 (PATZ1), resulting in decreased expression of the downstream genes encoding laminin 5 subunits, LAMC2 and LAMB3, eventually suppressing the integrin β4 (ITGB4)/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/nuclear factor κB kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS RRP15 promotes HCC migration by activating the LAMC2/ITGB4/FAK pathway, providing a new target for future HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhai Li
- Department of Liver and Gall Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325200, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ouyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongfei Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengchen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaojian Lyu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lishui People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Chen H, Ye H, Ye L, Lin F, Shi Y, Zhong A, Guan G, Zhuang J. Novel nomograms based on microvascular invasion grade for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3470. [PMID: 38342950 PMCID: PMC10859376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a critical risk factor for postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to firstly develop and validate nomograms based on MVI grade for predicting recurrence, especially early recurrence, and overall survival in patients with early-stage HCC after curative resection. We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with early-stage HCC who underwent curative hepatectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (FHFU) and Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University (MHH). Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyse disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Nomogram models were constructed on the datasets from the 70% samples of and FHFU, which were validated using bootstrap resampling with 30% samples as internal validation and data of patients from MHH as external validation. A total of 703 patients with early-stage HCC were included to create a nomogram for predicting recurrence or metastasis (DFS nomogram) and a nomogram for predicting survival (OS nomogram). The concordance indexes and calibration curves in the training and validation cohorts showed optimal agreement between the predicted and observed DFS and OS rates. The predictive accuracy was significantly better than that of the classic HCC staging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengkai Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20th, Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Honghao Ye
- Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Linfang Ye
- Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, China
| | - Fangzhou Lin
- Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Yingjun Shi
- Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Aoxue Zhong
- Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Guoxian Guan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20th, Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
| | - Jinfu Zhuang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20th, Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
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Hong S, Zhang J, Liu S, Jin Q, Li J, Xia A, Xu J. Protein profiles reveal MSH6/MSH2 as a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:189-200. [PMID: 37776019 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Microvascular invasion (MVI) is an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific protein expression profiles that differentiate HCC with MVI from those without MVI remain unclear. METHODS The profiles of proteins in early-stage HCC tissues and normal liver tissues were characterized by quantitative proteomics techniques. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was undertaken on tissue microarrays from 80 HCC patients to assess the expression of MSH2 and MSH6. Cell counting, colony formation, migration, and invasion assays were carried out in vitro. RESULTS We identified 5164 proteins in both HCC tissues and adjacent normal liver tissues. Compared to HCC without MVI, 148 upregulated proteins and 97 downregulated proteins were found in HCC with MVI. Particularly noteworthy was the remarkable upregulation of MSH6/MSH2 among these dysregulated proteins in HCC with MVI. Further validation through bioinformatics prediction and IHC confirmed the elevated expression of MSH6/MSH2, which correlated with aggressive disease characteristics and poor prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed a substantial area under the curve of 0.761 (specificity 71.79%, sensitivity 73.17%) for the combined use of MSH6/MSH2. Knockdown of MSH6/MSH2 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our study establishes MSH6 or MSH2 as an oncogene that is prominently overexpressed during HCC progression, which provides new targets for HCC with MVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqian Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Quan Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jingqi Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Anliang Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - JianBo Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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Yao LQ, Fan ZQ, Wang MD, Diao YK, Chen TH, Zeng YY, Chen Z, Wang XM, Zhou YH, Li J, Fan XP, Liang YJ, Li C, Shen F, Lv GY, Yang T. Prognostic Value of Serum α-Fetoprotein Level as an Important Characteristic of Tumor Biology for Patients Undergoing Liver Resection of Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma (BCLC Stage 0/A): A Large Multicenter Analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:1219-1231. [PMID: 37925654 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14525-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE According to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) algorithm, tumor burden and liver function, but not tumor biology, are the key factors in determining tumor staging and treatment modality, and evaluating treatment prognosis. The serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level is an important characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biology, and we aimed to evaluate its prognostic value for patients undergoing liver resection of early-stage HCC. METHODS Patients who underwent curative liver resection for early-stage HCC were identified from a multi-institutional database. Patients were divided into three groups according to preoperative AFP levels: low (< 400 ng/mL), high (400-999 ng/mL), and extremely-high (≥ 1000 ng/mL) AFP groups. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence rates were compared among these three groups. RESULTS Among 1284 patients, 720 (56.1%), 262 (20.4%), and 302 (23.5%) patients had preoperative low, high, and extremely-high AFP levels, respectively. The cumulative 5-year OS and recurrence rates were 71.3 and 38.9% among patients in the low AFP group, 66.3 and 48.5% in the high AFP group, and 45.7 and 67.2% in the extremely-high AFP group, respectively (both p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified both high and extremely-high AFP levels to be independent risk factors of OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.275 and 1.978, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.004-1.620 and 1.588-2.464, respectively; p = 0.047 and p < 0.001, respectively) and recurrence (HR 1.290 and 2.050, 95% CI 1.047-1.588 and 1.692-2.484, respectively; p = 0.017 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the important prognostic value of preoperative AFP levels among patients undergoing resection for early-stage HCC. Incorporating AFP to prognostic estimation of the BCLC algorithm can help guide individualized risk stratification and identify neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Qing Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ming-Da Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Kang Diao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Ziyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Yi Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian-Ming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Hao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Xin-Ping Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Pingxiang Mining Group General Hospital, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying-Jian Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Clinical Research Institute, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China.
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Clinical Research Institute, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Tang L, Hou Y, Huang Z, Huang J. Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Lenvatinib Plus Sequential Microwave Ablation for Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma Beyond Up-to-Seven Criteria: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Acad Radiol 2024:S1076-6332(24)00015-1. [PMID: 38290885 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with Lenvatinib plus sequential microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond up-to-seven criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study assessed the medical records of patients with large HCC who underwent TACE combined with Lenvatinib plus sequential MWA (TLM) or TACE plus sequential MWA (TM). Lenvatinib was administered to patients within 3-5 days after TACE and sequential MWA was performed once they met the criteria for curative ablation after TACE or the combination therapy. The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and treatment-related complications were compared between two groups. RESULTS Of the 81 patients who underwent TLM or TM, 64 who met the eligibility criteria were included in this study. Among them, 28 patients underwent TLM and 36 underwent TM. The inverse probability weighting method (IPTW) was used to balance differences between two groups. The TLM group had longer PFS than the TM group (median, before IPTW: 18.53 vs. 5.62 months, p < 0.001; median, after IPTW: 28.27 vs. 5.30 months, p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that TLM and the maximum tumor diameter were independent prognostic factors for PFS. The overall incidence rate of minor complications related to TACE or MWA was lower in the TLM group (32.1% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION TACE combined with Lenvatinib plus sequential MWA can prolong the progression-free survival of patients with large HCC beyond up-to-seven criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.); State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.); Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.); Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.)
| | - Yingwen Hou
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.); State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.); Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.); Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.)
| | - Zhimei Huang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.); State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.); Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.); Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.)
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.); State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.); Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.); Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China (L.T., Y.H., Z.H., J.H.).
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Lin ZP, Huang DB, Zou XG, Chen Y, Li XQ, Zhang J. Percutaneous microwave ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for serum tumor markers and prognostics of middle-late primary hepatic carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:2783-2791. [PMID: 38222024 PMCID: PMC10784823 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i12.2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) has an insidious onset and is usually diagnosed in the middle and late stages. Although transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the preferred option for treating middle- and advanced-stage PHC, it has limited efficacy in killing tumor cells and poor long-term efficacy. TACE plus percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) is more effective than interventional therapy alone and can improve survival time. However, there are few reports on the effects of TACE and PMCT on serum marker levels and the prognosis of patients with advanced PHC. AIM To investigate the effect of PMCT + TACE on serum tumor markers and the prognosis of middle-late PHC. METHODS This retrospective study included 150 patients with middle-late PHC admitted to Zhongshan People's Hospital between March 2018 and February 2021. Patients were divided into a single group (treated with TACE, n = 75) and a combined group (treated with TACE + PMCT, n = 75). Before and after treatment, the clinical efficacy and serum tumor marker levels [carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)] of both groups were observed. The 1-year survival rates and prognostic factors of the two groups were analyzed. RESULTS The combined group had 21 and 35 cases of complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR), respectively. The single group had 13 and 25 cases of CR and PR, respectively. After 4 wk of treatment, the serum CA19-9, CEA, and AFP levels in the single and combined groups decreased, with the decrease in the combined group being more significant (P < 0.05). The 1-year survival rate of the combined group (80.00%) was higher than that of the single group (60.00%) (P < 0.05). The average survival time within 1 year in the combined group was 299.38 ± 61.13 d, longer than that in the single group (214.41 ± 72.97 d, P < 0.05). COX analysis revealed that tumor diameter, tumor number, and the treatment method were prognostic factors for patients with middle-late PHC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION TACE + PMCT is effective in treating patients with mid-late PHC. It reduces the levels of tumor markers, prolongs survival, and improves prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Lin
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Da-Bei Huang
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xu-Gong Zou
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Li
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong Province, China
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Li J, Guo S, Ren J, Li Z, Zhuang X, Xue J, Lei J. A Nomogram of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Preoperative Assessment of Microvascular Invasion and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:4521-4535. [PMID: 37794295 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a predictor of recurrence and overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the preoperative diagnosis of MVI through noninvasive methods play an important role in clinical treatment. AIMS To investigate the effectiveness of radiomics features in evaluating MVI in HCC before surgery. METHODS We included 190 patients who had undergone contrast-enhanced MRI and curative resection for HCC between September 2015 and November 2021 from two independent institutions. In the training cohort of 117 patients, MVI-related radiomics models based on multiple sequences and multiple regions from MRI were constructed. An independent cohort of 73 patients was used to validate the proposed models. A final Clinical-Imaging-Radiomics nomogram for preoperatively predicting MVI in HCC patients was generated. Recurrence-free survival was analyzed using the log-rank test. RESULTS For tumor-extracted features, the performance of signatures in fat-suppressed T1-weighted images and hepatobiliary phase was superior to that of other sequences in a single-sequence model. The radiomics signatures demonstrated better discriminatory ability than that of the Clinical-Imaging model for MVI. The nomogram incorporating clinical, imaging and radiomics signature showed excellent predictive ability and achieved well-fitted calibration curves, outperforming both the Radiomics and Clinical-Radiomics models in the training and validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The Clinical-Imaging-Radiomics nomogram model of multiple regions and multiple sequences based on serum alpha-fetoprotein, three MRI characteristics, and 12 radiomics signatures achieved good performance for predicting MVI in HCC patients, which may help clinicians select optimal treatment strategies to improve subsequent clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggangxi Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggangxi Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggangxi Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggang Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shunlin Guo
- First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggangxi Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggangxi Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jialiang Ren
- GE Healthcare China, Daxing District, Tongji South Road No. 1, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- GE Healthcare China, Yanta District, 12th Jinye Road, Xi'an, 710076, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhuang
- First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggangxi Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggangxi Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jingmei Xue
- First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggangxi Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggangxi Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junqiang Lei
- First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggangxi Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggangxi Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Fanoodi A, Maharati A, Akhlaghipour I, Rahimi HR, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of tumor angiogenesis in liver cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154913. [PMID: 37931431 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies in human digestive system. Despite the recent therapeutic methods, there is a high rate of mortality among liver cancer patients. Late diagnosis in the advanced tumor stages can be one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis in these patients. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms of liver cancer can be helpful for the early stage tumor detection and treatment. Vascular expansion in liver tumors can be one of the important reasons for poor prognosis and aggressiveness. Therefore, anti-angiogenic drugs are widely used in liver cancer patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have key roles in the regulation of angiogenesis in liver tumors. Due to the high stability of miRNAs in body fluids, these factors are widely used as the non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic markers in cancer patients. Regarding, the importance of angiogenesis during liver tumor growth and invasion, in the present review, we discussed the role of miRNAs in regulation of angiogenesis in these tumors. It has been reported that miRNAs mainly exert an anti-angiogenic function by regulation of tumor microenvironment, transcription factors, and signaling pathways in liver tumors. This review can be an effective step to suggest the miRNAs for the non-invasive early detection of malignant and invasive liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fanoodi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Xu J, Zhou Y, Dong K, Gong J, Xiong W, Wang X, Gu C, Lu XY, Huang DP, Shen XD, She XK, Zhao XC, Yu XJ, Zhang H. Gene variation profile and it's potential correlation with clinical characteristics in HBV-associated HCC patients of Sichuan Han nationality in China. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:4371-4377. [PMID: 36894454 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) gene variation profile and clinical characteristics in Han nationality with HBV infection in Sichuan province. METHODS The clinical data and HCC tissues were obtained from the enrolled patients. Whole exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples from HCC. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was measured by an algorithm developed in-house. RESULTS Sixteen high-frequency mutated genes with differential expressions were identified by WES. SMG1 gene variation could be positively correlated with satellite lesions. AMY2B and RGPD4 gene mutation seemed to have a greater chance of vascular invasion. The patients with TATDN1 variation have bigger diameters and greater chances of vascular and microvascular invasion (all P < 0.05). Univariate analysis indicated patients with gene TATDN1 variation had worse prognoses both in disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). In addition, the enrichment analysis showed many pathways, including the cell cycle pathway, viral oncogene pathway, MAPK pathway, PI3K-AKT pathway, etc., may be associated with HCC. CONCLUSION This study explores the gene variation profile of HCC patients with HBV infection in Han nationality of Sichuan Province for the first time, which confirmed the existence of some high-frequency mutated genes and the possibility that the gene variations are involved in the tumorigenesis of HCC through multiple signal pathways. Also, patients with TATDN1 wild type showed a trend of better prognosis both in DFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese Academy of Science Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Medical School, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese Academy of Science Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese Academy of Science Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese Academy of Science Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese Academy of Science Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Chun Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese Academy of Science Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese Academy of Science Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - De-Pei Huang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, 201114, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Shen
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, 201114, PR China
| | - Xue-Ke She
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, 201114, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chen Zhao
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, 201114, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese Academy of Science Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese Academy of Science Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Arvanitakis K, Papadakos SP, Lekakis V, Koufakis T, Lempesis IG, Papantoniou E, Kalopitas G, Georgakopoulou VE, Stergiou IE, Theocharis S, Germanidis G. Meeting at the Crossroad between Obesity and Hepatic Carcinogenesis: Unique Pathophysiological Pathways Raise Expectations for Innovative Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14704. [PMID: 37834153 PMCID: PMC10572430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating global prevalence of obesity and its intricate association with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pose a substantial challenge to public health. Obesity, acknowledged as a pervasive epidemic, is linked to an array of chronic diseases, including HCC, catalyzing the need for a comprehensive understanding of its molecular underpinnings. Notably, HCC has emerged as a leading malignancy with rising incidence and mortality. The transition from viral etiologies to the prominence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)-related HCC underscores the urgent need to explore the intricate molecular pathways linking obesity and hepatic carcinogenesis. This review delves into the interwoven landscape of molecular carcinogenesis in the context of obesity-driven HCC while also navigating using the current therapeutic strategies and future prospects for combating obesity-related HCC. We underscore the pivotal role of obesity as a risk factor and propose an integrated approach encompassing lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, and the exploration of emerging targeted therapies. As the obesity-HCC nexus continues to challenge healthcare systems globally, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms and innovative therapeutic strategies is imperative to alleviate the rising burden of this dual menace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (E.P.); (G.K.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Vasileios Lekakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis G. Lempesis
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Eleni Papantoniou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (E.P.); (G.K.)
| | - Georgios Kalopitas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (E.P.); (G.K.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (E.P.); (G.K.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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Lei Y, Wang X, Tian Y, Xu R, Pei J, Fu Y, Sun H, Wang Y, Zheng P, Xia F, Wang J. Effect of various hepatectomy procedures on circulating tumor cells in postoperative patients: a case-matched comparative study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1209403. [PMID: 37841010 PMCID: PMC10568028 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1209403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study is to elucidate the prevalence of systemic circulating tumor cells (CTCs) prior to and following resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to compare the disparities in postoperative CTCs in terms of quantity and classifications between the open liver resection (OPEN) and laparoscopic liver resection (LAP) cohorts. Patients materials and methods From September 2015 to May 2022, 32 consecutive HCC patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection at Southwest Hospital were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The clinicopathological data were retrieved from a prospectively collected computer database. Patients in the OPEN group matched at a 1:1 ratio with patients who underwent open liver resection during the study period on age, gender, tumor size, number of tumors, tumor location, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, TNM and Child-Pugh staging from the database of patients to form the control group. The Can-Patrol CTC enrichment technique was used to enrich and classify CTCS based on epithelial-mesenchymal transformation phenotypes. The endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS), and the Kaplan-Meier method and multiple Cox proportional risk model were used to analyze the influence of clinicopathological factors such as total CTCs and CTC phenotype on prognosis. Results The mean age of the 64 patients with primary liver cancer was 52.92 years (23-71), and 89.1% were male. The postoperative CTC clearance rate was more significant in the OPEN group. The total residual CTC and phenotypic CTC of the LAP group were significantly higher than those of the OPEN group (p = 0.017, 0.012, 0.049, and 0.030, respectively), which may increase the possibility of metastasis (p = 0.042). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, DFS was associated with several clinicopathological risk factors, including Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, tumor size, and vascular invasion. Of these analyses, BCLC Stage [p = 0.043, HR (95% CI) =2.03(1.022-4.034)], AFP [p = 0.007, HR (95% CI) =1.947 (1.238-3.062)], the number of positive CTCs [p = 0.004, HR (95% CI) =9.607 (2.085-44.269)] and vascular invasion [p = 0.046, HR (95% CI) =0.475 (0.22-1.023)] were significantly associated with DFS. Conclusion In comparison to conventional OPEN technology, LAP technology has the capacity to augment the quantity of epithelial, mixed, and mesenchymal circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Following the surgical procedure, there was a notable increase in the total CTCs, epithelial CTCs, and mixed CTCs within the LAP group, indicating a potential drawback of LAP in facilitating the release of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongRong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - XiShu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - YiChen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Pei
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - YuNa Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - YaNi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - JianHua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Lu G, Lin J, Song G, Chen M. Prognostic significance of CTNNB1 mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9759-9778. [PMID: 37733676 PMCID: PMC10564414 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers in humans and has a high fatality rate. In recent years, researchers have verified that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway affects the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with HCC. Although many studies have investigated the relationship between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and HCC, the prognostic value of β-catenin in HCC remains inconclusive. CTNNB1 (Catenin Beta-1) is an important factor in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, no consensus has been reached on the clinical and prognostic significance of CTNNB1 mutations in HCCs. METHODS Eligible studies and relevant data were obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Embase databases. The correlation between CTNNB1 mutations and clinical/prognosis of patients were evaluated. A fixed- or random-effects model was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Seventeen studies matched the selection criteria, and 1828 patients were included. This meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with HCC with CTNNB1 mutations had favorable clinicopathological features and survival. The combined ORs of 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival were0.52 (n = 6 studies, 95% CI: 0.34-0.81, Z = 2.89, P =0.004, 0.28 (n =6 studies, 95% CI: 0.18-0.42, Z = 6.03, P<0.00001), -0.22 (n = 6 studies, 95% CI: 0.37-0.06, Z = 2.78, P = 0.005), respectively. Additionally, CTNNB1 mutation might be significantly associated with differentiation (OR = 0.54, 95% CI:0.36-0.81, Z = 2.98, P = 0.003), TMN stages (Tumor, Node, Metastasis staging classification) (OR = -0.25, 95% CI:-0.33--0.18, Z = 6.60, P<0.00001), liver cirrhosis (OR = 0.21, 95% CI:0.11-0.39, Z = 4.94, P< = 0.00001), and HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) infection (OR = 0.44, 95% CI:0.31-0.64, Z = 4.37, P<0.0001), but not with tumor size, metastasis, vascular invasion, and HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS CTNNB1 mutation can serve as an indicator of favorable prognosis as well as a novel target for treatment in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genlin Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Guoqiang Song
- Department of Pulmonary, Department of Cancer Center, Changxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou 313100, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
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16
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Peng Y, Tang H, Huang Y, Yuan X, Wang X, Ran Z, Deng W, Liu R, Lan X, Shen H, Zhang J. CT-derived extracellular volume and liver volumetry can predict posthepatectomy liver failure in hepatocellular carcinoma. Insights Imaging 2023; 14:145. [PMID: 37697217 PMCID: PMC10495294 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-023-01496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a severe complication of liver resection. We aimed to develop and validate a model based on extracellular volume (ECV) and liver volumetry derived from computed tomography (CT) for preoperative predicting PHLF in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. METHODS A total of 393 resectable HCC patients from two hospitals were enrolled and underwent multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT before surgery. A total of 281 patients from our hospital were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 181) and an internal validation cohort (n = 100), and 112 patients from another hospital formed the external validation cohort. CT-derived ECV was measured on nonenhanced and equilibrium phase images, and liver volumetry was measured on portal phase images. The model is composed of independent predictors of PHLF. The under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curve were used to reflect the predictive performance and calibration of the model. Comparison of AUCs used the DeLong test. RESULTS CT-derived ECV, measured future liver remnant (mFLR) ratio, and serum albumin were independent predictors for PHLF in resectable HCC patients. The AUC of the model was significantly higher than that of the ALBI score in the training cohort, internal validation cohort, and external validation cohort (all p < 0.001). The calibration curve of the model showed good consistency in the training cohort and the internal and external validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The novel model contributes to the preoperative prediction of PHLF in resectable HCC patients. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The novel model combined CT-derived extracellular volume, measured future liver remnant ratio, and serum albumin outperforms the albumin-bilirubin score for predicting posthepatectomy liver failure in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. KEY POINTS • CT-derived ECV correlated well with the fibrosis stage of the background liver. • CT-derived ECV and mFLR ratio were independent predictors for PHLF in HCC. • The AUC of the model was higher than the CT-derived ECV and mFLR ratio. • The model showed a superior predictive performance than that of the ALBI score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangling Peng
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanying Huang
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijuan Ran
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Renwei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Lan
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hesong Shen
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
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Li H, Wu Z, Chen J, Su K, Guo L, Xu K, Gu T, Jiang Y, Wang P, Zeng H, Chi H, He K, Han Y. External radiotherapy combined with sorafenib has better efficacy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1537-1549. [PMID: 36495367 PMCID: PMC10460724 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a very low resectable rate. This meta-analysis aimed to compare efficacy of three combination strategies in treatment of advanced unresectable HCC with a view of guiding future selection of the best combination therapy for sorafenib and local therapy. A search was conducted to identify relevant literature published between April 2013 and May 2022, and then compared efficacy of sorafenib combined with external radiotherapy (SOF + RT), sorafenib with transarterial chemoembolization (SOF + TACE), sorafenib with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (SOF + HAIC), sorafenib (SOF), external radiotherapy (RT), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) were studied and analyzed. Finally, the results were statistically analyzed using R 3.5.3 software and Stata/SE 15.0 software. A total of 46 studies, involving 7595 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Analysis of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of seven related treatment interventions revealed that the combination therapy had significantly higher efficacy than monotherapies. Among the combination therapies, SOF + RT was associated with the best OS and PFS rates, and the least adverse events compared to the other treatment modalities. The efficacy of combination therapy was better than monotherapy. In combination therapy, the overall survival time and progression-free survival time of SOF + RT were longer, and the adverse reactions were less. Therefore, SOF + RT may be the best choice for sorafenib combined with local therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 TAIPING Street, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 TAIPING Street, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 TAIPING Street, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ke Su
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 TAIPING Street, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 TAIPING Street, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 TAIPING Street, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Gu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 TAIPING Street, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 TAIPING Street, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 TAIPING Street, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 TAIPING Street, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Kun He
- Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Yunwei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 TAIPING Street, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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18
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Zuo D, Li Y, Liu H, Liu D, Fang Q, Li P, Tu L, Xiong Y, Zeng Y, Liu P. Value of Non-tumoral Liver Volume in the Prognosis of Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients After R0 Resection. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:560-571. [PMID: 36969888 PMCID: PMC10037504 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatectomy is an effective treatment for selected patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to develop a nomogram incorporating non-tumoral liver volume (non-TLV) and liver function markers to predict the patients' overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). METHODS Data of 198 consecutive large HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy at the Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University were collected. Another 68 patients from the Mengchao Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital served as an external validation cohort. The nomograms were developed based on the independent prognostic factors screened by multivariate Cox regression analyses. Concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to measure the discrimination and predictive accuracy of the models. RESULTS High HBV DNA level, low non-TLV/ICG, vascular invasion, and a poorly differentiated tumor were confirmed as independent risk factors for both OS and DFS. The model established in this study predicted 5-year post-operative survival and DFS in good agreement with the actual observation confirmed by the calibration curves. The C-indexes of the nomograms in predicting OS and DFS were 0.812 and 0.823 in the training cohort, 0.821 and 0.846 in the internal validation cohort, and 0.724 and 0.755 in the external validation cohort. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of nomograms for predicted OS and DFS at 1, 3, and 5 year were 0.85, 0.86, 0.83 and 0.76, 0.76, 0.63, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Nomograms with non-TLV/ICG predicted the prognosis of single large HCC patients accurately and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Zuo
- Department of Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuntong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinliang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liang Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Correspondence to: Pingguo Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, 201 Hubin South Rd., Xiamen, Fujian 361001, China. Tel/Fax: +86-592-2993141, E-mail: ; Yongyi Zeng, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xihong Road 312, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China. Tel/Fax: +86-591-8370-5927, E-mail:
| | - Pingguo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Correspondence to: Pingguo Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, 201 Hubin South Rd., Xiamen, Fujian 361001, China. Tel/Fax: +86-592-2993141, E-mail: ; Yongyi Zeng, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xihong Road 312, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China. Tel/Fax: +86-591-8370-5927, E-mail:
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19
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Yang P, Teng F, Bai S, Xia Y, Xie Z, Cheng Z, Li J, Lei Z, Wang K, Zhang B, Yang T, Wan X, Yin H, Shen H, Pawlik TM, Lau WY, Fu Z, Shen F. Liver resection versus liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria based on estimated microvascular invasion risks. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2023; 11:goad035. [PMID: 37384119 PMCID: PMC10293589 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may optimize individualized treatment decision-making. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic differences between HCC patients undergoing liver resection (LR) and liver transplantation (LT) based on predicted MVI risks. Methods We analysed 905 patients who underwent LR, including 524 who underwent anatomical resection (AR) and 117 who underwent LT for HCC within the Milan criteria using propensity score matching. A nomogram model was used to predict preoperative MVI risk. Results The concordance indices of the nomogram for predicting MVI were 0.809 and 0.838 in patients undergoing LR and LT, respectively. Based on an optimal cut-off value of 200 points, the nomogram defined patients as high- or low-risk MVI groups. LT resulted in a lower 5-year recurrence rate and higher 5-year overall survival (OS) rate than LR among the high-risk patients (23.6% vs 73.2%, P < 0.001; 87.8% vs 48.1%, P < 0.001) and low-risk patients (19.0% vs 45.7%, P < 0.001; 86.5% vs 70.0%, P = 0.002). The hazard ratios (HRs) of LT vs LR for recurrence and OS were 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.37) and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.04-0.37) among the high-risk patients and 0.37 (95% CI, 0.21-0.66) and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.17-0.78) among the low-risk patients. LT also provided a lower 5-year recurrence rate and higher 5-year OS rate than AR among the high-risk patients (24.8% vs 63.5%, P = 0.001; 86.7% vs 65.7%, P = 0.004), with HRs of LT vs AR for recurrence and OS being 0.24 (95% CI, 0.11-0.53) and 0.17 (95% CI, 0.06-0.52), respectively. The 5-year recurrence and OS rates between patients undergoing LT and AR were not significantly different in the low-risk patients (19.4% vs 28.3%, P = 0.129; 85.7% vs 77.8%, P = 0.161). Conclusions LT was superior to LR for patients with HCC within the Milan criteria with a predicted high or low risk of MVI. No significant differences in prognosis were found between LT and AR in patients with a low risk of MVI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yong Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Xie
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhengqing Lei
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery II and Clinical Research Institute, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Department of Biliary Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery II and Clinical Research Institute, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xuying Wan
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, The Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhiren Fu
- Corresponding authors. Feng Shen, Department of Hepatic Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China. Tel: +86-21-81875005; Fax: +86-21-65562400; ; Zhiren Fu, Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, The Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China. Tel: +86-21-81885741; Fax: +86-21-63276788;
| | - Feng Shen
- Corresponding authors. Feng Shen, Department of Hepatic Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China. Tel: +86-21-81875005; Fax: +86-21-65562400; ; Zhiren Fu, Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, The Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China. Tel: +86-21-81885741; Fax: +86-21-63276788;
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20
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Xing B, Shen C, Yang Q, Wang Z, Tan W. miR-144-3p represses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by affecting cell aerobic glycolysis via FOXK1. Int J Exp Pathol 2023; 104:117-127. [PMID: 36806218 PMCID: PMC10182365 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is a unique mark of cancer cells, which enables therapeutic intervention in cancer. Forkhead box K1 (FOXK1) is a transcription factor that facilitates the progression of multiple cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, it is unclear whether or not FOXK1 can affect HCC cell glycolysis. This study attempted to study the effect of FOXK1 on HCC cell glycolysis. Expression of mature miRNAs and mRNAs, as well as clinical data, was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) dataset. FOXK1 and miR-144-3p levels were assessed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Targeting of the relationship between miR-144-3p and FOXK1 was verified via a dual-luciferase assay. Pathway enrichment analysis of FOXK1 was performed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Cell function assays revealed the glycolytic ability, cell viability, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis of HCC cells in each treatment group. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that FOXK1 was upregulated in tissues of HCC patients, while the upstream miR-144-3p was downregulated in tumour tissues. Dual-luciferase assay implied a targeting relationship between miR-144-3p and FOXK1. Cellular experiments implied that silencing FOXK1 repressed HCC cell glycolysis, which in turn inhibited the HCC malignant progression. Rescue assay confirmed that miR-144-3p repressed glycolysis in HCC cells by targeting FOXK1, and then repressed HCC malignant progression. miR-144-3p/FOXK1 axis repressed malignant progression of HCC via affecting the aerobic glycolytic process of HCC cells. miR-144-3p and FOXK1 have the potential to become new therapeutic targets for HCC, which provide new insights for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Xing
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Cunyi Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qinling Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenjun Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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21
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Sun H, Long J, Zuo B, Li Y, Song Y, Yu M, Xun Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Sang X, Zhao H. Development and validation of a selenium metabolism regulators associated prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:451. [PMID: 37202783 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium metabolism has been implicated in human health. This study aimed to identify a selenium metabolism regulator-based prognostic signature for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and validate the role of INMT in HCC. METHODS Transcriptome sequencing data and clinical information related to selenium metabolism regulators in TCGA liver cancer dataset were analysed. Next, a selenium metabolism model was constructed by multiple machine learning algorithms, including univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Then, the potential of this model for predicting the immune landscape of different risk groups was evaluated. Finally, INMT expression was examined in different datasets. After knockdown of INMT, cell proliferation and colony formation assays were conducted. RESULTS A selenium metabolism model containing INMT and SEPSECS was established and shown to be an independent predictor of prognosis. The survival time of low-risk patients was significantly longer than that of high-risk patients. These two groups had different immune environments. In different datasets, including TCGA, GEO, and our PUMCH dataset, INMT was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues. Moreover, knockdown of INMT significantly promoted HCC cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The current study established a risk signature of selenium metabolism regulators for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients. INMT was identified as a biomarker for poor prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bangyou Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghang Yu
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Xun
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Tang YL, Tao Y, Zhu L, Shen JL, Cheng H. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatocellular carcinoma: A double-edged sword. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110107. [PMID: 37028274 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the study of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has become a hot topic, especially its role in various tumors. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is ranked in the top five in China. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant and typical form of primary liver cancer. Due to the close relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and cancers, many studies have investigated its role in HCC. The results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome participates in both tumor growth inhibition and tumor growth promotion in HCC. Therefore, this review elaborates on the relationship between NLRP3 and HCC and explains its role in HCC. In addition, the potential of NLRP3 as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy is explored, summarizing and classifying impacts of and processes underlying different NLRP3 inflammasome-targeting drugs on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Le Tang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lin Shen
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China.
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23
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Wang WC, Zhang XF, Tang EJ, Li AJ, Chen L, Wang JQ, Ma JY, Zhang XF, Sun B. Thymosin β4, a potential marker of malignancy and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:380-391. [PMID: 36269095 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2136012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of effective early diagnostic markers is an obstacle in clinical diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is an increasing popular approach for identification of clinically relevant parameters including biomarkers. PATIENTS AND METHODS 540 subjects, including 274 HCC, 119 liver cirrhosis, 89 hepatitis, and 58 healthy volunteers were enrolled. MALDI-TOF MS was used to select potential novel biomarkers from serum of HCC patients. Its clinical application was evaluated by experiments and clinical data analysis. RESULTS We identified Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in serum by MALDI-TOF MS. The expression of Tβ4 was detected up-regulating in HCC cells and tissues which enhanced motility of HCC cells. More important, the level of serum Tβ4 was significantly elevated in HCC patients. The AUROC showed the optimum diagnostic cut-off was 1063.6 ng/mL, ROC and 95% CI of Tβ4 (0.908; 0.880-0.935) were larger than that of serum AFP (0.712; 0.662-0.762; p < 0.001). The sensitivity (91.3% vs 83.1%) and specificity (81.2% vs 20.3%) of serum Tβ4 were higher than alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). In AFP-negative HCC, the sensitivity could reach to 80.5%. ROC analysis showed serum Tβ4 had a better performance compared with AFP in distinguishing early-stage and small HCC. Tβ4 is correlated with TNM stage (p = 0.016) and vascular invasion (p = 0.005). Survival analysis indicated the survival time of Tβ4 positive patients was shorter (p < 0.001). Cox analysis suggested Tβ4 could be an independent factor for HCC prognosis. CONCLUSION Tβ4 may serve as a novel biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Er-Jiang Tang
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - A-Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Yong Ma
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Macrotrabecular-massive subtype-based nomogram to predict early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:505-511. [PMID: 36827535 PMCID: PMC9951792 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the predictive factors on early postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to establish a new nomogram to predict early postoperative recurrence of HCC. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 383 patients who had undergone curative resection between February 2012 and September 2020 in our center was performed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival curve analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed to identify independent risk factors associated with early recurrence, and a nomogram for predicting early recurrence of HCC was established. RESULTS A total of 152/383 patients developed recurrence after surgery, of which 83 had recurrence within 1 year. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level ≥400 ng/ml (P = 0.001), tumor diameter ≥5 cm (P = 0.009) and MVI (P = 0.007 and macrotrabecular-massive HCC (P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for early postoperative recurrence of HCC. The macrotrabecular-massive-based nomogram obtained a good C-index (0.74) for predicting early recurrence of HCC, and the area under the curve for predicting early recurrence was 0.767, which was better than the single American Joint Committee on Cancer T stage and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage. CONCLUSIONS The nomogram based on macrotrabecular-massive HCC can effectively predict early postoperative recurrence of HCC.
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Zhang XY, Liu ZX, Zhang YF, Xu LX, Chen MK, Zhou YF, Yu J, Li XX, Zhang N. SEPT2 crotonylation promotes metastasis and recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with poor survival. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:63. [PMID: 36949517 PMCID: PMC10032003 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis and recurrence lead to therapy failure, which are closely associated with the proteome. However, the role of post-translational modification (PTM) in HCC, especially for the recently discovered lysine crotonylation (Kcr), is elusive. RESULTS We investigated the correlation between crotonylation and HCC in 100 tumor tissues and performed stable isotope labeling by amino acids and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in HCC cells, and we found that crotonylation was positively correlated with HCC metastasis, and higher crotonylation in HCC cells facilitated cell invasiveness. Through bioinformatic analysis, we found that the crotonylated protein SEPT2 was significantly hypercrotonylated in highly invasive cells, while the decrotonylated mutation of SEPT2-K74 impaired SEPT2 GTPase activity and inhibited HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SIRT2 decrotonylated SEPT2, and P85α was found to be the downstream effector of SEPT2. Moreover, we identified that SEPT2-K74cr was correlated with poor prognosis and recurrence in HCC patients, thus indicating its clinical potential as an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS We revealed the role of nonhistone protein crotonylation in regulating HCC metastasis and invasion. Crotonylation facilitated cell invasion through the crotonylated SEPT2-K74-P85α-AKT pathway. High SEPT2-K74 crotonylation predicted poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate in HCC patients. Our study revealed a novel role of crotonylation in promoting HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xia Xu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ke Chen
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Chan KM, Lai Y, Hung HC, Lee JC, Cheng CH, Wang YC, Wu TH, Lee CF, Wu TJ, Chou HS, Wang CT, Chai PM, Lien HY, Lee WC. Significance of Physical Status and Liver Function Reserve for Outcome of Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Lenvatinib Treatment. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:281-290. [PMID: 36845025 PMCID: PMC9946007 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s393964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remain the primary therapeutic option for patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the selection of a suitable TKI is an issue in real-world clinical practice. Thus, this study aimed to identify patients most likely to benefit from lenvatinib treatment. Methods A retrospective review of 143 patients with unresectable advanced-stage HCC treated with lenvatinib between January 2020 and December 2021 was performed. Outcomes related to lenvatinib treatment were measured, and the clinical parameters affecting prognosis were analyzed. Results Overall, the median time of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7.1 months and 17.7 months, respectively. Prognostic analyses found that Child-Pugh score > 5 (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55-3.80, p = 0.001) was a significant factor affecting the PFS of HCC after lenvatinib treatment. Child-Pugh score > 5 (HR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.20-3.74, p = 0.009), body weight ≥ 60 kg (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.32-0.90, p = 0.020), and additional trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment (HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.21-0.70, p = 0.003) were significant prognostic factors for OS. However, early α-fetoprotein reduction was not significantly correlated with patient outcomes. Additionally, patients with pre-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio > 4.07 showed a significant worse PFS and OS than other patients. Conclusion The outcome of patients with advanced-stage HCC remains poor. However, the host condition, including good physical status and better functional liver preservation, largely affected the outcome of patients receiving lenvatinib treatment. Moreover, additional locoregional therapy for intrahepatic HCC, other than TKI treatment, can be considered in certain patients to achieve a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ming Chan
- Department of General Surgery and Chang Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Correspondence: Kun-Ming Chan, Department of General Surgery and Chang Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Gui-Shan District, Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan, Tel +886-3-3281200 Ext 3366, Fax +886-3-3285818, Email
| | - Yin Lai
- Department of General Surgery and Chang Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chien Hung
- Department of General Surgery and Chang Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chiao Lee
- Department of General Surgery and Chang Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Cheng
- Department of General Surgery and Chang Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Chang Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Wu
- Department of General Surgery and Chang Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fang Lee
- Department of General Surgery and Chang Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jung Wu
- Department of General Surgery and Chang Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiue Chou
- Department of General Surgery and Chang Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Wang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Mei Chai
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lien
- Graduate School of Education, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Department of General Surgery and Chang Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Yang Y, Sun JH, Tan XY, Lu CD, Huang ZP, Zhu HD, Shi XT, Chen JX, Fang JZ. MTM-HCC at Previous Liver Resection as a Predictor of Overall Survival in Salvage Liver Transplantation. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:2768-2777. [PMID: 36790686 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salvage liver transplantation (sLT) is considered an effective method to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence. This multicenter research aimed to identify the prognostic factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after sLT. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 114 patients who had undergone sLT for recurrent HCC between February 2012 and September 2020 was performed. The baseline and clinicopathological data of the patients were collected. RESULTS The 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS rates after sLT were 88.9%, 75.2%, and 69.2%, respectively, and the OS rates were 96.4%, 78.3%, and 70.8%. A time from liver resection (LR) to recurrence < 1 year, disease beyond the Milan criteria at sLT and macrotrabecular massive (MTM)-HCC were identified as risk factors for RFS and were further identified as independent risk factors. A time from LR to recurrence < 1 year, disease beyond the Milan criteria at sLT and MTM-HCC were also risk factors for OS and were further identified as independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Compared with primary liver transplantation (pLT), more prognostic factors are available from patients who had undergone LR. We suggest that in cases of HCC recurrence within 1 year after LR, disease beyond the Milan criteria at sLT and MTM-HCC patients, sLT should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji-Han Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, 315000, China
| | - Cai-De Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, 315000, China
| | - Hong-Da Zhu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Shi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, 315000, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, 315000, China
| | - Jiong-Ze Fang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
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Combining Preoperative Clinical and Imaging Characteristics to Predict MVI in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020246. [PMID: 36836479 PMCID: PMC9968216 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a rare form of primary liver malignancy. Microvascular invasion (MVI) indicates poor postsurgical prognosis in cHCC-CCA. The objective of this study was to investigate preoperative predictors of MVI in hepatitis B virus (HBV) -related cHCC-CCA patients. METHODS A total of 69 HBV-infected patients with pathologically confirmed cHCC-CCA who underwent hepatectomy were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine independent risk factors that were then incorporated into the predictive model associated with MVI. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the predictive performance of the new model. RESULTS For the multivariate analysis, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (OR, 3.69; p = 0.034), multiple nodules (OR, 4.41; p = 0.042) and peritumoral enhancement (OR, 6.16; p = 0.004) were independently associated with MVI. Active replication of HBV indicated by positive HBeAg showed no differences between MVI-positive and MVI-negative patients. The prediction score using the independent predictors achieved an area under the curve of 0.813 (95% CI 0.717-0.908). A significantly lower recurrence-free survival was observed in the high-risk group with a score of ≥1 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, peritumoral enhancement and multiple nodules were independent preoperative predictors of MVI in HBV-related cHCC-CCA patients. The established prediction score demonstrated satisfactory performance in predicting MVI pre-operatively and may facilitate prognostic stratification.
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Yang C, Wu X, Liu J, Wang H, Jiang Y, Wei Z, Cai Q. Nomogram Based on Platelet-Albumin-Bilirubin for Predicting Tumor Recurrence After Surgery in Alpha-Fetoprotein-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:43-55. [PMID: 36660412 PMCID: PMC9844149 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s396433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we developed a nomogram based on the platelet-albumin-bilirubin (PALBI) score to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) after curative resection in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative (≤20 ng/mL) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Patients and Methods A total of 194 pathologically confirmed AFP-negative HCC patients were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to screen the independent risk factors associated with RFS, and a nomogram prediction model for RFS was established according to the independent risk factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the C-index were used to evaluate the accuracy and the efficacy of the model prediction. The correction curve was used to assess the calibration of the prediction model, and decision curve analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical application value of the prediction model. Results PALBI score, MVI, and tumor size were independent risk factors for postoperative tumor recurrence (P < 0.05). A nomogram prediction model based on the independent predictive factors was developed to predict RFS, and it achieved a good C-index of 0.704 with an area under the ROC curve of 0.661 and the sensitivity was 73.2%. Patients with AFP-negative HCC could be divided into the high-risk group or the low-risk group by the risk score calculated by the nomogram, and there was a significant difference in RFS between the two groups (P < 0.05). Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the nomogram increased the net benefit in predicting the recurrence of AFP-negative HCC and exhibited a wider range of threshold probabilities than the independent risk factors (PALBI score, MVI, and tumor size) by risk stratification. Conclusion The nomogram based on the PALBI score can predict RFS after curative resection in AFP-negative HCC patients and can help clinicians to screen out high-risk patients for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Yang
- The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Wu
- Eastern Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, 350025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, 350025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaxiang Wang
- The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, 350025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, 350025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiucheng Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, 350025, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Qiucheng Cai; Zhihong Wei, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, No. 156 The Second West Ring Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13514072408; +86 18059055977, Email ;
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Yang C, Wang H, Liu J, Yang F, Lv L, Jiang Y, Cai Q. Pre- to postoperative alpha-fetoprotein ratio-based nomogram to predict tumor recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1134933. [PMID: 37124520 PMCID: PMC10140353 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1134933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the role of the alpha fetoprotein (AFP) ratio before and after curative resection in the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to develop a novel pre- to postoperative AFP ratio nomogram to predict recurrence free survival (RFS) for HCC patients after curative resection. Methods A total of 485 pathologically confirmed HCC patients who underwent radical hepatectomy from January 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The independent prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma were identified by multivariate COX proportional model analysis, and the nomogram model was constructed. The receiver operating characteristic and the C-index were used to evaluate the accuracy and efficacy of the model prediction, the correction curve was used to assess the calibration of the prediction model, and decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the clinical application value of the nomogram model. Results A total of 485 HCC patients were divided into the training cohort (n = 340) and the validation cohort (n = 145) by random sampling at a ratio of 7:3. Using X-tile software, it was found that the optimal cut-off value of the AFP ratio in the training cohort was 0.8. In both cohorts, the relapse-free survival of patients with an AFP ratio <0.8 (high-risk group) was significantly shorter than in those with an AFP ratio ≥0.8 (low-risk group) (P < 0.05). An AFP ratio <0.8 was an independent risk factor for recurrence of HCC after curative resection. Based on the AFP ratio, BCLC stage and cirrhosis diagnosis, a satisfactory nomogram was developed. The AUC of our nomogram for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS was 0.719, 0.690, and 0.708 in the training cohort and 0.721, 0.682, and 0.681 in the validation cohort, respectively. Furthermore, our model demonstrated excellent stratification as well as clinical applicability. Conclusion The AFP ratio was a reliable biomarker for tumor recurrence. This easy-to-use AFP ratio-based nomogram precisely predicted tumor recurrence in HCC patients after curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Yang
- The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huaxiang Wang
- The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiucheng Cai, ; Yi Jiang,
| | - Qiucheng Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiucheng Cai, ; Yi Jiang,
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Zhan G, Peng H, Zhou L, Jin L, Xie X, He Y, Wang X, Du Z, Cao P. A web-based nomogram model for predicting the overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with external beam radiation therapy: A population study based on SEER database and a Chinese cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1070396. [PMID: 36798659 PMCID: PMC9927006 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1070396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rarely used in clinical practice. This study aims to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram model to predict overall survival (OS) in HCC patients treated with EBRT. METHOD We extracted eligible data of HCC patients between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Those patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n=1004) and an internal validation cohort (n=429), and an external validation cohort composed of a Chinese cohort (n=95). A nomogram was established based on the independent prognostic variables identified from univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The effective performance of the nomogram was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and calibration curves. The clinical practicability was evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS T stage, N stage, M stage, AFP, tumor size, surgery, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic risk factors that were all included in the nomogram to predict OS in HCC patients with EBRT. In the training cohort, internal validation cohort, and external validation cohort, the C-index of the prediction model was 0.728 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.716-0.740), 0.725 (95% CI:0.701-0.750), and 0.696 (95% CI:0.629-0.763), respectively. The 6-, 12-,18- and 24- month areas under the curves (AUC) of ROC in the training cohort were 0.835 、0.823 、0.810, and 0.801, respectively; and 0.821 、0.809 、0.813 and 0.804 in the internal validation cohort, respectively; and 0.749 、0.754 、0.791 and 0.798 in the external validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curves indicated that the predicted value of the prediction model performed well. The DCA curves showed better clinical practicability. In addition, based on the nomogram, we established a web-based nomogram to predict the OS of these patients visually. CONCLUSION Based on the SEER database and an independent external cohort from China, we established and validated a nomogram to predict OS in HCC patients treated with EBRT. In addition, for the first time, a web-based nomogram model can help clinicians judge the prognoses of these patients and make better clinical decisions.
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Jiang Y, Wang K, Wang YR, Xiang YJ, Liu ZH, Feng JK, Cheng SQ. Preoperative and Prognostic Prediction of Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review Based on Artificial Intelligence. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231212726. [PMID: 37933176 PMCID: PMC10631353 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231212726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma is an important factor affecting tumor recurrence after liver resection and liver transplantation. There are many ways to classify microvascular invasion, however, an international consensus is urgently needed. Recently, artificial intelligence has emerged as an important tool for improving the clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Many studies about microvascular invasion currently focus on preoperative and prognosis prediction of microvascular invasion using artificial intelligence. In this paper, we review the definition and staging of microvascular invasion, especially the diagnosis of it by using artificial intelligence. In preoperative prediction, deep learning based on multimodal data modeling of radiomics-screened features, clinical features, and medical images is currently the most effective means. In prognostic prediction, pathology is the gold standard, and the techniques used should more effectively utilize the global features of the pathology images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ran Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jun Xiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zong-Han Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Kai Feng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Qun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Qi Y, Wang M, Jiang Q. PABPC1--mRNA stability, protein translation and tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1025291. [PMID: 36531055 PMCID: PMC9753129 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1025291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian poly A-binding proteins (PABPs) are highly conserved multifunctional RNA-binding proteins primarily involved in the regulation of mRNA translation and stability, of which PABPC1 is considered a central regulator of cytoplasmic mRNA homing and is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes by regulating almost every aspect of RNA metabolism. Alterations in its expression and function disrupt intra-tissue homeostasis and contribute to the development of various tumors. There is increasing evidence that PABPC1 is aberrantly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues and cancers such as lung, gastric, breast, liver, and esophageal cancers, and PABPC1 might be used as a potential biomarker for tumor diagnosis, treatment, and clinical application in the future. In this paper, we review the abnormal expression, functional role, and molecular mechanism of PABPC1 in tumorigenesis and provide directions for further understanding the regulatory role of PABPC1 in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Second Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Lima HA, Endo Y, Alaimo L, Moazzam Z, Munir MM, Shaikh C, Resende V, Guglielmi A, Marques HP, Cauchy F, Lam V, Poultsides GA, Popescu I, Alexandrescu S, Martel G, Hugh T, Endo I, Kitago M, Shen F, Pawlik TM. Tumor Burden Score and Serum Alpha-fetoprotein Subclassify Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 26:2512-2521. [PMID: 36171471 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-022-05469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resection of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. While not recommended by the BCLC algorithm, some patients may indeed benefit from hepatectomy. We sought to identify that subset of patients who might derive long-term survival benefit from resection. METHODS Intermediate-stage HCC patients who underwent curative-intent resection were identified from an international multi-institutional database. Factors associated with long-term prognosis were identified using multivariate analysis and a risk score was developed and assessed. RESULTS Among 194 patients, most individuals had two tumors (n = 123, 63.4%) with a median size of 6.0 cm (IQR, 4.0-8.4) for a median tumor burden score (TBS) of 6.5 (IQR, 5.0-9.1); median alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 23.9 ng/mL (IQR, 5.0-503.2), and median overall survival (OS) was 69 months (IAR, 60.7-77.3). Factors associated with OS included AFP (referent ≤ 20 ng/mL, > 20 ng/mL: HR 1.78 95%CI, 1.09-2.89) and TBS (referent TBS ≤ 8.0, TBS > 8.0: HR 1.72 95%CI, 1.07-2.75). While 71 (36.6%) patients had neither risk factor, 79 (40.7%) and 44 (22.7%) had 1 or 2, respectively. A simplified score stratified patients relative to recurrence-free survival (RFS) (0: 33.6% vs. 1: 18.0% vs. 2: 14.7%) (AUC 0.60) and recurrence time (i.e., < 6 months after surgery) (0: 21.3% vs. 1: 43.1% vs. 2: 68.6%) (AUC 0.69) (both p < 0.001). Of note, a higher score was also associated with incrementally worse 5-year OS (0: 68.1% vs. 1: 61.0% vs. 2: 29.9%) (AUC 0.62) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Long-term OS and RFS outcomes varied considerably. Using a simple risk score, patients with low AFP and low TBS were identified as the subset of individuals most likely to benefit from resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique A Lima
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH, USA.,Federal University of Minas Gerais School of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yutaka Endo
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura Alaimo
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Zorays Moazzam
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad Musaab Munir
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chanza Shaikh
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vivian Resende
- Federal University of Minas Gerais School of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo P Marques
- Department of Surgery, Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - François Cauchy
- Department of Hepatibiliopancreatic Surgery, APHP, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Vincent Lam
- Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Irinel Popescu
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Tom Hugh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Itaru Endo
- Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Feng Shen
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Fibronectin 1 derived from tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts promotes metastasis through the JUN pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109420. [PMID: 36461607 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment is a potential regulator of metastasis. To explore the specific mechanism, we performed a multi-omics analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multiple omics data including scRNA-seq, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, and methylation data were obtained from GEO and TCGA databases. SCENIC was used to identify key transcription factors and their Regulatory networks. ScMLnet was used to explore the mechanism of intercellular communication in the microenvironment. Multiple omics studies based on RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and methylation data were used to explore downstream mechanisms of key transcription factors. Based on the analysis of cell differentiation trajectory and transcription subtypes, the regulation of cell communication on tumor subtypes was studied, and possible therapeutic compounds were explored. The universality of this mechanism was investigated by post-Pan-cancer analysis. RESULTS JUN and its regulatory network play a key role in HCC, which was mainly positively correlated with tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts. Intercellular communication analysis showed that macrophage and fibroblast-derived FN1 could increase JUN by TNFRSF11B/SMAD3. Multiomics analysis showed that KIF13A was a key downstream gene of JUN, which was involved in the activation of the hippo pathway. Analysis of cell differentiation trajectory, transcriptome subtypes, and neural network modeling showed that intercellular communication in the microenvironment can regulate the transcriptome characterization of HCC. Pan-cancer analysis indicates that this mechanism may be universal. CONCLUSION FN1 derived from tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts promotes metastasis and alters transcriptome subtypes through the JUN-Hippo signaling pathway in HCC, which may be universal in cancers.
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Wang MD, Tang SC, Li C, Sun LY, Xu X, Liang YJ, Liu FB, Gu WM, Wang XM, Zhou YH, Lau WY, Zhang CW, Yao LQ, Diao YK, Gu LH, Shen F, Zeng YY, Yang T. Association of Concurrent Metabolic Syndrome with Long-term Oncological Prognosis Following Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Multicenter Study of 1753 Patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 30:346-358. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zeng ZM, Mo N, Zeng J, Ma FC, Jiang YF, Huang HS, Liao XW, Zhu GZ, Ma J, Peng T. Advances in postoperative adjuvant therapy for primary liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1604-1621. [PMID: 36187393 PMCID: PMC9516643 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous, invasive, and conventional chemotherapy-insensitive tumor with unique biological characteristics. The main methods for the radical treatment of HCC are surgical resection or liver transplantation. However, recurrence rates are as high as 50% and 70% at 3 and 5 years after liver resection, respectively, and even in Milan-eligible recipients, the recurrence rate is approximately 20% at 5 years after liver transplantation. Therefore, reducing the postoperative recurrence rate is key to improving the overall outcome of liver cancer. This review discusses the risk factors for recurrence in patients with HCC radical surgical resection and adjuvant treatment options that may reduce the risk of recurrence and improve overall survival, including local adjuvant therapy (e.g., transcatheter arterial chemoembolization), adjuvant systemic therapy (e.g., molecular targeted agents and immunotherapy), and other adjuvant therapies (e.g., antiviral and herbal therapy). Finally, potential research directions that may change the paradigm of adjuvant therapy for HCC are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ning Mo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fu-Chao Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan-Feng Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hua-Sheng Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Comparison of the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography with shear wave dispersion for pre-operative staging of hepatic fibrosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Radiol 2022; 154:110459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging perfusion can predict microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (between 1 and 5 cm). ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY (NEW YORK) 2022; 47:3264-3275. [PMID: 35113174 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of perfusion parameters with MR imaging of the liver in diagnosing MVI in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (between 1 and 5 cm). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. In 80 patients with 43 MVI( +) and 42 MVI( -) HCC, whole-liver perfusion MR imaging with Cartesian k-space undersampling and compressed sensing reconstruction was performed after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine. Parameters derived from a dual-input single-compartment model of arterial flow (Fa), portal venous flow (Fp), total blood flow (Ft = Fa + Fp), arterial fraction (ART), distribution volume (DV), and mean transit time (MTT) were measured. The significant parameters between the two groups were included to correlate with the presence of MVI at simple and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS In MVI-positive HCC, Fp was significantly higher than in MVI-negative HCC, whereas the reverse was seen for ART (p < 0.001). Tumor size (β = 1.2, p = 0.004; odds ratio, 3.20; 95% CI 1.45, 7.06), Fp (β = 1.1, p = 0.004; odds ratio, 3.09; 95% CI 1.42, 6.72), and ART (β = - 3.1, p = 0.001; odds ratio, 12.13; 95% CI 2.85, 51.49) were independent risk factors for MVI. The AUC value of the combination of all three metrics was 0.931 (95% CI 0.855, 0.975), with sensitivity of 97.6% and specificity of 76.2%. CONCLUSION The combination of Fp, ART, and tumor size demonstrated a higher diagnostic accuracy compared with each parameter used individually when evaluating MVI in HCC (between 1 and 5 cm).
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Integration of OV6 expression and CD68 + tumor-associated macrophages with clinical features better predicts the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101509. [PMID: 36030750 PMCID: PMC9428913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable prognostic indicators for accurately predicting postoperative outcomes in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are lacking. Although cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor microenvironment are implicated in the occurrence and development of HCC, whether the combination of CSC biomarkers and TAM populations could achieve better performance in predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC has been rarely reported. METHODS A total of 306 HCC patients were randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts at a 1:1 ratio, and the expression of OV6 and CD68 was assessed using immunohistochemistry in HCC samples. The prognostic value of these biomarkers for post-surgical survival and recurrence were evaluated by the curve of receiver operating characteristic and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS The density of OV6+ CSCs was positively correlated with the infiltration of CD68+ TAMs in HCC. Both high OV6 expression and CD68+ TAM infiltration was closely associated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of HCC patients. Moreover, overexpression of OV6 and infiltration of CD68+ TAMs were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS after liver resection. The integration of OV6 and CD68 with tumor size and microvascular invasion exhibited highest C-index value for survival predictivity in HCC patients than any other biomarkers or clinical indicators alone. CONCLUSION Incorporating intratumoral OV6 expression and CD68+ TAMs infiltration with established clinical indicators may serve as a promising prognostic signature for HCC, and could more accurately predict the clinical outcomes for HCC patients after liver resection.
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Zhang N, Zheng J, Wu Y, Lv J, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Song T, Kim V, Tohme S, Liu T, Zhang W, Gu J, Wang Z, Suo Y, Wang S, Li W, Zhang L, Xie Y, Zhou Y, Liu J, Qiu Y, Shen Z, Hao J, Geller D, Lu W. Comparison of the long-term outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria treated by ablation, resection, or transplantation. Cancer Med 2022; 12:2312-2324. [PMID: 36016484 PMCID: PMC9939228 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation (LT), resection (LR), and ablation (LA) are three curative-intent treatment options for patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to develop a prognostic calculator to compare the long-term outcomes following each of these therapies. METHODS A total of 976 patients with HCC within the Milan criteria who underwent LT, LR, and LA between 2009 and 2019 from four institutions were evaluated. Multistate competing risks prediction models for recurrence-free survival (RFS), recurrence within the Milan criteria (RWM), and HCC-specific survival (HSS) were derived to develop a prognostic calculator. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 51 months, 420 (43%) patients developed recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, larger tumor size, multinodularity, older age, male, higher alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), higher albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade, and the presence of portal hypertension were significantly associated with higher recurrence and decreased survival rates. The RFS and HSS were both significantly higher among patients treated by LT than by LR or LA and significantly higher between patients treated by LR than by LA (all p < 0.001). For multinodular HCC ≤3 cm, although LT had better RFS and HSS than LR or LA, LA was noninferior to LR. An online prognostic calculator was then developed based on the preoperative clinical factors that were independently associated with outcomes to evaluate RFS, RWM, and HSS at different time intervals for all three treatment options. CONCLUSIONS Although LT resulted in the best recurrence and survival outcomes, LR and LA also offered durable long-term alternatives. This prognostic calculator is a useful tool for clinicians to guide an informed and personalized discussion with patients based on their tumor biology and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning‐Ning Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina,Post‐Doctoral Research CenterNankai UniversityTianjinChina,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ TransplantationTianjinChina
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Statistics and Data ScienceNankai University, Key Laboratory for Medical Data Analysis and Statistical Research of TianjinTianjinChina
| | - Jia‐Yu Lv
- Department of HepatologyThe Third Central Hospital of TianjinTianjinChina
| | - Shu‐Wen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ya‐Min Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ TransplantationTianjinChina
| | - Wen‐Tao Jiang
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesTianjinChina
| | - Tian‐Qiang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liver Cancer CenterTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Human Genetic Resources Sharing Service PlatformTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Victoria Kim
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Samer Tohme
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liver Cancer CenterTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Human Genetic Resources Sharing Service PlatformTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ze‐Yu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yu‐Hong Suo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesTianjinChina
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesTianjinChina
| | - Yong‐He Zhou
- Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical Research Institute of Liver DiseaseTianjinChina
| | - Jian‐Yong Liu
- Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical Research Institute of Liver DiseaseTianjinChina
| | - Yi‐Bo Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhong‐Yang Shen
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesTianjinChina
| | - Ji‐Hui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
| | - David Geller
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Liver Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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The Performance of Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein for Detecting Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Influenced by Antiviral Therapy and Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase: A Study in a Large Cohort of Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081669. [PMID: 36016291 PMCID: PMC9416230 DOI: 10.3390/v14081669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Factors associated with abnormally elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients remain to be studied. We aimed to identify factors associated with elevated serum AFP in patients with non-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and early-stage HCC and their influences on the performance of AFP for detecting early-stage HCC. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted in 4401 patients with chronic HBV infection, including 3680 patients with non-HCC and 721 patients with early-stage HCC. Factors associated with elevated AFP were analyzed. Diagnostic performance of AFP for early-stage HCC were compared among groups through area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Results: When analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, antiviral therapy was negatively associated with elevated AFP, while hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 1× upper limit of normal (ULN) were positively associated with elevated AFP both in patients with non-HCC and early-stage HCC (all p < 0.05). The AUCs of AFP for detecting early-stage HCC in patients with antiviral therapy, HBV DNA (−), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 1× ULN, and AST ≤ 1× ULN were significantly higher compared to those in non-antiviral therapy, HBV DNA (+), ALT > 1× ULN, and AST > 1× ULN groups, respectively. When categorizing patients into AST ≤ 1× ULN and > 1× ULN, AFP achieved the highest AUCs in patients with AST ≤ 1× ULN regardless of antiviral treatment (AUCs = 0.813 and 0.806, respectively). Furthermore, there were considerable differences in the cut-off values of AFP in detecting early-stage HCC in different subgroups when applying similar sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Antiviral therapy and serum AST might be used to help judge and select the specific cut-off values of serum AFP for HCC surveillance in different at-risk populations.
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Bae BK, Park HC, Yu JI, Yoo GS, Sinn DH, Choi MS, Oh JH. Trends in radiotherapy administration in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis of a Korean tertiary hospital registry of hepatocellular carcinoma patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2017. Front Oncol 2022; 12:928119. [PMID: 35936747 PMCID: PMC9355731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.928119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To present the trends in radiotherapy for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at a single tertiary referral hospital in South Korea. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected registry data of patients newly diagnosed with HCC between January 2005 and December 2017 at the Samsung Medical Center. Trends in radiotherapy, delivery techniques, tumor stage, and age were evaluated. Results During the study period, 9,132 patients were newly diagnosed with HCC at our institution. Of these, 2,445 patients (26.8%) received radiotherapy for all lesions, including extrahepatic metastases; 1,865 patients (20.4%) received radiotherapy for intrahepatic lesions alone, and 469 patients (5.1%) received radiotherapy as initial management. Although the proportion of patients receiving radiotherapy increased slightly over the study period (24.2% vs. 26.6%), the proportions of patients receiving radiotherapy for intrahepatic lesions (16.8% vs. 21.9%) and as initial management (0.1% vs. 12.5%) increased dramatically. The majority of patients treated between 2005 and 2008 received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (56.3%), whereas the majority of patients treated between 2018 and 2021 received proton beam therapy (43.6%). With the technical developments, the overall survival (OS) of patients who received radiotherapy as initial management increased significantly (5-year OS: from 5.4% to 30.1%), and the OS difference between patients who did and did not receive radiotherapy as initial management significantly decreased (ratio of restricted mean survival time: from 0.383 to 0.544). Conclusion This registry-based, retrospective study indicated an increasing trend in the utilization of radiotherapy, adoption of advanced radiotherapy techniques, and OS improvements in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Kyung Bae
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Chul Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hee Chul Park, ; Jeong Il Yu,
| | - Jeong Il Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hee Chul Park, ; Jeong Il Yu,
| | - Gyu Sang Yoo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon Seok Choi
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Oh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Feng ZH, Wang MD, Chen Z, Sun LY, Xu X, Kong QY, Chen ZX, Zeng YY, Liang YJ, Chen ZY, Wang H, Zhou YH, Chen TH, Yao LQ, Li C, Pawlik TM, Lau WY, Shen F, Yang T. Risk factors and long-term prognosis of beyond-Milan recurrence after hepatectomy for BCLC stage 0/A hepatocellular carcinoma: A large-scale multicenter study. Surgery 2022; 172:1147-1155. [PMID: 35868902 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on recurrence are important to inform surveillance and improve long-term surgical outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We sought to identify risk factors and long-term prognosis among patients who experienced beyond-Milan recurrence after hepatectomy for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Patients who underwent hepatectomy for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0/A hepatocellular carcinoma were identified from a multi-institutional database. Predictors of beyond-Milan recurrence and risk factors associated with post-recurrence survival among patients with beyond-Milan recurrence were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Among 753 patients (median follow-up, 51.8 months), 138 (18.3%) developed beyond-Milan recurrence. Regular surveillance (interval follow-up ≤3 months within 1 year and ≤6 months in subsequent years after surgery) was not carried out for 53 (38.4%) patients who developed beyond-Milan recurrence. On multivariate analysis, increased risk of beyond-Milan recurrence was independently associated with preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level >400 ng/mL, tumor size >5.0 cm, multifocal disease, microvascular invasion, and no/irregular recurrence surveillance. Median post-recurrence survival among patients with beyond-Milan recurrence was only 8.4 months (95% confidence interval: 7.0-9.8 months). Among patients who developed beyond-Milan recurrence, Child-Pugh grade B/C, early recurrence within 1 year after surgery, macrovascular invasion/distant metastasis, and noncurative treatment of recurrence were independent risk factors associated with worse post-recurrence survival. CONCLUSION Nearly 1 in 5 patients developed beyond-Milan recurrence after hepatectomy for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with beyond-Milan recurrence had a median survival of less than 1 year after diagnosis of the recurrence. Regular surveillance is an important and actionable measure to decrease beyond-Milan recurrence and, in turn, improve long-term survival among patients treated with hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China; Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Ming-Da Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Li-Yang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Qing-Yu Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong-Yi Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jian Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Liuyang People's Hospital, China
| | - Ya-Hao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, China
| | - Ting-Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ziyang First People's Hospital, China
| | - Lan-Qing Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China; Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China; Eastern Hepatobiliary Clinical Research Institute, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China; Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, China; Eastern Hepatobiliary Clinical Research Institute, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Peloso A, Moeckli B, Delaune V, Oldani G, Andres A, Compagnon P. Artificial Intelligence: Present and Future Potential for Solid Organ Transplantation. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10640. [PMID: 35859667 PMCID: PMC9290190 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to computer algorithms used to complete tasks that usually require human intelligence. Typical examples include complex decision-making and- image or speech analysis. AI application in healthcare is rapidly evolving and it undoubtedly holds an enormous potential for the field of solid organ transplantation. In this review, we provide an overview of AI-based approaches in solid organ transplantation. Particularly, we identified four key areas of transplantation which could be facilitated by AI: organ allocation and donor-recipient pairing, transplant oncology, real-time immunosuppression regimes, and precision transplant pathology. The potential implementations are vast—from improved allocation algorithms, smart donor-recipient matching and dynamic adaptation of immunosuppression to automated analysis of transplant pathology. We are convinced that we are at the beginning of a new digital era in transplantation, and that AI has the potential to improve graft and patient survival. This manuscript provides a glimpse into how AI innovations could shape an exciting future for the transplantation community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peloso
- Department of General Surgery, University of Geneva Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Transplantation, University of Geneva Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Andrea Peloso,
| | - Beat Moeckli
- Department of General Surgery, University of Geneva Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Transplantation, University of Geneva Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vaihere Delaune
- Department of General Surgery, University of Geneva Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Graziano Oldani
- Department of General Surgery, University of Geneva Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Transplantation, University of Geneva Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Andres
- Department of General Surgery, University of Geneva Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Transplantation, University of Geneva Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Compagnon
- Department of Transplantation, University of Geneva Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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li B, Zhang X, Wu Z, Chu T, Yang Z, Xu S, Wu S, Qie Y, Lu Z, Qi F, Hu M, Zhao G, Wei J, Zhao Y, Nie G, Meng H, Liu R, Li S. Reducing Postoperative Recurrence of Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma by a Wound-Targeted Nanodrug. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200477. [PMID: 35524631 PMCID: PMC9284141 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
New strategies to decrease risk of relapse after surgery are needed for improving 5-year survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To address this need, a wound-targeted nanodrug is developed, that contains an immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-L1)and an angiogenesis inhibitor (sorafenib)). These nanoparticles consist of highly biocompatible mesoporous silica (MSNP) that is surface-coated with platelet membrane (PM) to achieve surgical site targeting in a self-amplified accumulation manner. Sorafenib is introduced into the MSNP pores while covalently attaching anti-PD-L1 antibody on the PM surface. The resulting nano-formulation, abbreviated as a-PM-S-MSNP, can effectively target the surgical margin when intraperitoneally (IP) administered into an immune competent murine orthotopic HCC model. Multiple administrations of a-PM-S-MSNP generate potent anti-HCC effect and significantly prolong overall mice survival. Immunophenotyping and immunochemistry staining reveal the signatures of favorable anti-HCC immunity and anti-angiogenesis effect at tumor sites. More importantly, microscopic inspection of a-PM-S-MSNP treated mice shows that 2 out 6 are histologically tumor-free, which is in sharp contrast to the control mice where tumor foci can be easily identified. The data suggest that a-PM-S-MSNP can efficiently inhibit post-surgical HCC relapse without obvious side effects and holds considerable promise for clinical translation as a novel nanodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhao li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceJilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- Faculty of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryChinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General HospitalInstitute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLAKey Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary SurgeryPLABeijing100853China
| | - Zhouliang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceJilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Zhenlin Yang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Faculty of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryChinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General HospitalInstitute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLAKey Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary SurgeryPLABeijing100853China
| | - Suying Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yunkai Qie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Zefang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Feilong Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Minggen Hu
- Faculty of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryChinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General HospitalInstitute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLAKey Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary SurgeryPLABeijing100853China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Faculty of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryChinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General HospitalInstitute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLAKey Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary SurgeryPLABeijing100853China
| | - Jingyan Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceJilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for NanotechnologyGuangzhou510530China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for NanotechnologyGuangzhou510530China
| | - Huan Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Rong Liu
- Faculty of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryChinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General HospitalInstitute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLAKey Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary SurgeryPLABeijing100853China
| | - Suping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for NanotechnologyGuangzhou510530China
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Qiu Y, Yang Y, Wang T, Shen S, Wang W. Efficacy of Postoperative Adjuvant Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients With Microscopic Portal Vein Invasion. Front Oncol 2022; 12:831614. [PMID: 35795039 PMCID: PMC9252591 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.831614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microscopic portal vein invasion (MPVI) strongly predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to investigate the impact of MPVI on the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (PA-TACE). Methods From April 2014 to July 2019, a total of 512 HCC patients who underwent curative liver resection (LR) with microscopic vascular invasion (MVI) confirmed by histopathological examination were enrolled and divided into LR alone and PA-TACE groups. They were subsequently stratified into subgroups according to the presence of MPVI. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared using Kaplan–Meier curves and the log-rank test. The efficacy of PA-TACE was tested using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Sensitivity analysis was conducted after propensity score matching (PSM). Results Among all patients, 165 (32.3%) patients underwent PA-TACE, and 196 (38.2%) patients presented MPVI. In the entire cohort, PA-TACE and the presence of MPVI were identified as independent predictors for RFS and OS (all p<0.05). In the subgroup analysis, patients without MPVI who received PA-TACE had significantly better outcomes than those who underwent LR alone before and after PSM (all p<0.05). For patients with MPVI, PA-TACE displayed no significant benefit in terms of improving either RFS or OS, which was consistent with the results from the PSM cohort. Conclusion Among the HCC patients without MPVI who underwent curative liver resection, those who received PA-TACE had better RFS and OS outcomes than those who underwent LR alone. For patients with MPVI, PA-TACE had no significant effect on either RFS or OS outcomes.
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Peng Y, Shen H, Tang H, Huang Y, Lan X, Luo X, Zhang X, Zhang J. Nomogram based on CT-derived extracellular volume for the prediction of post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:8529-8539. [PMID: 35678856 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram based on extracellular volume (ECV) derived from computed tomography (CT) for predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS A total of 202 patients with resectable HCC from two hospitals were enrolled and underwent multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT before surgery. One hundred twenty-one patients from our hospital and 81 patients from another hospital were assigned to the training cohort and the validation cohort, respectively. CT-derived ECV was measured using nonenhanced and equilibrium-phase-enhanced CT images. The nomogram was developed with independent predictors of PHLF. Predictive performance and calibration were assessed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis and Hosmer-Lemeshow test, respectively. The Delong test was used to compare the areas under the curve (AUCs). RESULTS CT-derived ECV had a strong correlation with the postoperative pathological fibrosis stage of the background liver (p < 0.001, r = 0.591). The nomogram combining CT-derived ECV, serum albumin (Alb), and serum total bilirubin (Tbil) obtained higher AUCs than the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score for predicting PHLF in both the training cohort (0.828 vs. 0.708; p = 0.004) and the validation cohort (0.821 vs. 0.630; p < 0.001). The nomogram showed satisfactory goodness of fit for PHLF prediction in the training and validation cohorts (p = 0.621 and 0.697, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The nomogram contributes to the preoperative prediction of PHLF in patients with resectable HCC. KEY POINTS • CT-derived ECV had a strong correlation with the postoperative pathological fibrosis stage of the background liver. • CT-derived ECV was an independent predictor of PHLF in patients with resectable HCC. • The nomogram based on CT-derived ECV showed a superior prediction efficacy than that of clinical models (including Child-Pugh stage, MELD score, and ALBI score).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangling Peng
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hesong Shen
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanying Huang
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Lan
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Siemens Healthineers, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
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Partial hepatectomy vs. transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for multiple hepatocellular carcinomas of BCLC-B stage: A meta-analysis of high-quality studies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2022; 48:1685-1691. [PMID: 35545472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) recommends that transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) are indicated in patients with multiple hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) of BCLC-B stage. However, partial hepatectomy (PH) has increasely performed in these patients. The purpose of this meta-analyses is to illustrate the comparative survival benefits of PH and TACE for patients with multiple HCCs of BCLC-B stage. METHOD Electronic databases were systematically searched for eligible studies that compared PH and TACE performed in patients with multiple HCCs of BCLC-B stage. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed systematically. The reported data were aggregated statistically using the RevMan5.3 software. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoint were the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates, postoperative 30-day mortality and postoperative complications. RESULTS A total of seven high-quality studies (one randomized controlled trial [RCT], six propensity-score matching (PSM) nonrandomized comparative trials [non-RCTs] that met the inclusion criteria, which comprised of 2487 patients (1245 PH and 1242 TACE) in the meta-analysis. When compared with the TACE group, the PH group had a significantly higher OS (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.48-1.84; P = 0.26; I2 = 22%) and 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.59-2.41; P = 0.0005; I2 = 75%; P < 0.00001; OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.94-4.42; P = 0.0001; I2 = 78%; P < 0.00001; OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 2.17-3.11; P = 0.13; I2 = 44%; P < 0.00001; respectively). Survival benefits persisted across sensitivity and subgroup analyses; High heterogeneity remained after sensitivity and subgroup analyses for 3-year survival rates. CONCLUSION PH can provide more survival benefit for patients with multiple HCCs of BCLC-B stage compared with TACE.
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Bae BK, Park HC, Yoo GS, Choi MS, Oh JH, Yu JI. The Significance of Systemic Inflammation Markers in Intrahepatic Recurrence of Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092081. [PMID: 35565210 PMCID: PMC9102776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This retrospective study using the prospectively collected registry data of newly diagnosed, previously untreated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) evaluates the significance of systemic inflammatory markers (SIMs) to intrahepatic recurrence (IHR) after curative treatment. Out of 4076 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 52.6% experienced IHR. SIMs, including pre-treatment platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), post-treatment changes of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio PLR, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio were significantly associated with the prognosis of early-stage HCC patients who received initial curative treatment. The prognostic significances of SIMs were consistent for IHR-free survival, early and late IHR, and overall survival. Abstract Systemic inflammatory markers (SIMs) are known to be associated with carcinogenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the significance of SIMs in intrahepatic recurrence (IHR) of early-stage HCC after curative treatment. This study was performed using prospectively collected registry data of newly diagnosed, previously untreated HCC between 2005 and 2017 at a single institution. Inclusion criteria were patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 or A, who underwent curative treatment. Pre-treatment and post-treatment values of platelet, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) were analyzed with previously well-known risk factors of HCC to identify factors associated with IHR-free survival (IHRFS), early IHR, and late IHR. Of 4076 patients, 2142 patients (52.6%) experienced IHR, with early IHR in 1018 patients (25.0%) and late IHR in 1124 patients (27.6%). Pre-treatment platelet count and PLR and post-treatment worsening of NLR, PLR, and LMR were independently associated with IHRFS. Pre-treatment platelet count and post-treatment worsening of NLR, PLR, and LMR were significantly related to both early and late IHR. Pre-treatment values and post-treatment changes in SIMs were significant factors of IHR in early-stage HCC, independent of previously well-known risk factors of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Kyung Bae
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (B.K.B.); (G.S.Y.)
| | - Hee Chul Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (B.K.B.); (G.S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.P.); (J.I.Y.)
| | - Gyu Sang Yoo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (B.K.B.); (G.S.Y.)
| | - Moon Seok Choi
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (M.S.C.); (J.H.O.)
| | - Joo Hyun Oh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (M.S.C.); (J.H.O.)
| | - Jeong Il Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (B.K.B.); (G.S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.P.); (J.I.Y.)
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