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Jin H, Xue Z, Liu J, Ma B, Yang J, Lei L. Advancing Organoid Engineering for Tissue Regeneration and Biofunctional Reconstruction. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0016. [PMID: 38628309 PMCID: PMC11018530 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage and functional abnormalities in organs have become a considerable clinical challenge. Organoids are often applied as disease models and in drug discovery and screening. Indeed, several studies have shown that organoids are an important strategy for achieving tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction. In contrast to established stem cell therapies, organoids have high clinical relevance. However, conventional approaches have limited the application of organoids in clinical regenerative medicine. Engineered organoids might have the capacity to overcome these challenges. Bioengineering-a multidisciplinary field that applies engineering principles to biomedicine-has bridged the gap between engineering and medicine to promote human health. More specifically, bioengineering principles have been applied to organoids to accelerate their clinical translation. In this review, beginning with the basic concepts of organoids, we describe strategies for cultivating engineered organoids and discuss the multiple engineering modes to create conditions for breakthroughs in organoid research. Subsequently, studies on the application of engineered organoids in biofunction reconstruction and tissue repair are presented. Finally, we highlight the limitations and challenges hindering the utilization of engineered organoids in clinical applications. Future research will focus on cultivating engineered organoids using advanced bioengineering tools for personalized tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Zengqi Xue
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Jinnv Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Binbin Ma
- Department of Biology,
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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2
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Jin Y, Sun Q, Ma R, Li R, Qiao R, Li J, Wang L, Hu Y. The trend of allogeneic tendon decellularization: literature review. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:357-367. [PMID: 37355504 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-023-10097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries repair is a significant burden for orthopaedic surgeons. Finding a proper graft material to repair tendon is one of the main challenges in orthopaedics, for which the requirement of substitute for tendon repair would be different for each clinical application. Among biological scaffolds, the use of decellularized tendon increasingly represents an interesting approach to treat tendon injuries and several articles have investigated the approaches of tendon decellularization. To understand the outcomes of the the approaches of tendon decellularization on effect of tendon transplantation, a literature review was performed. This review was conducted by searching in Pubmed and Embase and 64 studies were included in this study. The findings revealed that the common approaches to decellularize tendon include chemical, physical, and enzymatic decellularization methods or their combination. With the development of tissue engineering, researchers also put forward new theories such as automatic acellular machine, 3D printing technology to manufacture acellular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jin
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongxing Ma
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqi Qiao
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jikai Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Beijing Wonderful Medical Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yongcheng Hu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, 406 Jiefang Southern Road, Tianjin, 300000, China.
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3
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Evrard R, Manon J, Maistriaux L, Rafferty C, Fieve L, Heller U, Cornu O, Gianello P, Schubert T, Lengele B. Decellularization of Massive Bone Allografts By Perfusion: A New Protocol for Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2024; 30:31-44. [PMID: 37698880 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In terms of large bone defect reconstructions, massive bone allografts may sometimes be the only solution. However, they are still burdened with a high postoperative complication rate. Our hypothesis is that the immunogenicity of residual cells in the graft is involved in this issue. Decellularization by perfusion might therefore be the answer to process and create more biologically effective massive bone allografts. Seventy-two porcine bones were used to characterize the efficiency of our sodium hydroxide-based decellularization protocol. A sequence of solvent perfusion through each nutrient artery was set up to ensure the complete decellularization of whole long bones. Qualitative (histology and immunohistochemistry [IHC]) and quantitative (fluoroscopic absorbance and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) evaluations were performed to assess the decellularization and the preservation of the extracellular matrix in the bone grafts. Cytotoxicity and compatibility were also tested. Comparatively to nontreated bones, our experiments showed a very high decellularization quality, demonstrating that perfusion is mandatory to achieve an entire decellularization. Moreover, results showed a good preservation of the bone composition and microarchitecture, Haversian systems and vascular network included. This protocol reduces the human leukocyte antigen antigenic load of the graft by >50%. The majority of measured growth factors is still present in the same amount in the decellularized bones compared to the nontreated bones. Histology and IHC show that the bones were cell compatible, noncytotoxic, and capable of inducing osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Our decellularization/perfusion protocol allowed to create decellularized long bone graft models, thanks to their inner vascular network, ready for in vivo implantation or to be further used as seeding matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Evrard
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo-Skeletal Lab, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Julie Manon
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo-Skeletal Lab, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgique
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Louis Maistriaux
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Chiara Rafferty
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Lies Fieve
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Ugo Heller
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Reconstructrice, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cornu
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo-Skeletal Lab, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Pierre Gianello
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Thomas Schubert
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo-Skeletal Lab, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Benoit Lengele
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique, Reconstructrice et Esthétique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgique
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Hisanaga M, Tsuchiya T, Watanabe H, Shimoyama K, Iwatake M, Tanoue Y, Maruyama K, Yukawa H, Sato K, Kato Y, Matsumoto K, Miyazaki T, Doi R, Tomoshige K, Nagayasu T. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Immune Reactions Against Pig Decellularized Bronchi Engrafted into Rat Tracheal Defects. Organogenesis 2023; 19:2212582. [PMID: 37183703 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2023.2212582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized scaffolds are promising biomaterials for tissue and organ reconstruction; however, strategies to effectively suppress the host immune responses toward these implants, particularly those without chemical crosslinking, remain warranted. Administration of mesenchymal stem cells is effective against immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. Herein, we investigated the effect of isogeneic abdominal adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ADMSCs) on xenogeneic biomaterial-induced immunoreactions. Peripheral bronchi from pigs, decellularized using a detergent enzymatic method, were engrafted onto tracheal defects of Brown Norway (BN) rats. BN rats were implanted with native pig bronchi (Xenograft group), decellularized pig bronchi (Decellularized Xenograft), or Decellularized Xenograft and ADMSCs (Decellularized Xenograft+ADMSC group). In the latter group, ADMSCs were injected intravenously immediately post implantation. Harvested graft implants were assessed histologically and immunohistochemically. We found that acute rejections were milder in the Decellularized Xenograft and Decellularized Xenograft+ADMSC groups than in the Xenograft group. Mild inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced collagen deposition were observed in the Decellularized Xenograft+ADMSC group. Additionally, ADMSC administration decreased CD8+ lymphocyte counts but increased CD163+ cell counts. In the Decellularized Xenograft+ADMSC group, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and IL-10 were elevated and tissue deposition of IgM and IgG was low. The significant immunosuppressive effects of ADMSCs illustrate their potential use as immunosuppressive agents for xenogeneic biomaterial-based implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hisanaga
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hironosuke Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimoyama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Iwatake
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukinori Tanoue
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keizaburo Maruyama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Siceince Directorate, National Institure for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Sato
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kato
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Doi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomoshige
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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5
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Evangelista-Leite D, Carreira ACO, Nishiyama MY, Gilpin SE, Miglino MA. The molecular mechanisms of extracellular matrix-derived hydrogel therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis models. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122338. [PMID: 37820517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressively debilitating lung condition characterized by oxidative stress, cell phenotype shifts, and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Recent studies have shown promising results using decellularized ECM-derived hydrogels produced through pepsin digestion in various lung injury models and even a human clinical trial for myocardial infarction. This study aimed to characterize the composition of ECM-derived hydrogels, assess their potential to prevent fibrosis in bleomycin-induced IPF models, and unravel their underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Porcine lungs were decellularized and pepsin-digested for 48 h. The hydrogel production process, including visualization of protein molecular weight distribution and hydrogel gelation, was characterized. Peptidomics analysis of ECM-derived hydrogel contained peptides from 224 proteins. Probable bioactive and cell-penetrating peptides, including collagen IV, laminin beta 2, and actin alpha 1, were identified. ECM-derived hydrogel treatment was administered as an early intervention to prevent fibrosis advancement in rat models of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. ECM-derived hydrogel concentrations of 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL showed subtle but noticeable effects on reducing lung inflammation, oxidative damage, and protein markers related to fibrosis (e.g., alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen I). Moreover, distinct changes were observed in macroscopic appearance, alveolar structure, collagen deposition, and protein expression between lungs that received ECM-derived hydrogel and control fibrotic lungs. Proteomic analyses revealed significant protein and gene expression changes related to cellular processes, pathways, and components involved in tissue remodeling, inflammation, and cytoskeleton regulation. RNA sequencing highlighted differentially expressed genes associated with various cellular processes, such as tissue remodeling, hormone secretion, cell chemotaxis, and cytoskeleton engagement. This study suggests that ECM-derived hydrogel treatment influence pathways associated with tissue repair, inflammation regulation, cytoskeleton reorganization, and cellular response to injury, potentially offering therapeutic benefits in preventing or mitigating lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Evangelista-Leite
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-010, Brazil; School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana C O Carreira
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-010, Brazil; NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05360-130, Brazil; Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil.
| | - Milton Y Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Sarah E Gilpin
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-010, Brazil.
| | - Maria A Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-010, Brazil.
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6
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Zhang ZJ, Ding LY, Zuo XL, Feng H, Xia Q. A new paradigm in transplant immunology: At the crossroad of synthetic biology and biomaterials. MED 2023:S2666-6340(23)00142-3. [PMID: 37244257 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients require meticulously tailored immunosuppressive regimens to minimize graft loss and mortality. Traditional approaches focus on inhibiting effector T cells, while the intricate and dynamic immune responses mediated by other components remain unsolved. Emerging advances in synthetic biology and material science have provided novel treatment modalities with increased diversity and precision to the transplantation community. This review investigates the active interface between these two fields, highlights how living and non-living structures can be engineered and integrated for immunomodulation, and discusses their potential application in addressing the challenges in SOT clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lu-Yue Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zuo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China; Punan Branch (Shanghai Punan Hospital), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China.
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7
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Hsiung T, James L, Chang SH, Geraci TC, Angel LF, Chan JCY. Advances in lung bioengineering: Where we are, where we need to go, and how to get there. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1147595. [PMID: 38993882 PMCID: PMC11235378 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1147595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is the only potentially curative treatment for end-stage lung failure and successfully improves both long-term survival and quality of life. However, lung transplantation is limited by the shortage of suitable donor lungs. This discrepancy in organ supply and demand has prompted researchers to seek alternative therapies for end-stage lung failure. Tissue engineering (bioengineering) organs has become an attractive and promising avenue of research, allowing for the customized production of organs on demand, with potentially perfect biocompatibility. While breakthroughs in tissue engineering have shown feasibility in practice, they have also uncovered challenges in solid organ applications due to the need not only for structural support, but also vascular membrane integrity and gas exchange. This requires a complex engineered interaction of multiple cell types in precise anatomical locations. In this article, we discuss the process of creating bioengineered lungs and the challenges inherent therein. We summarize the relevant literature for selecting appropriate lung scaffolds, creating decellularization protocols, and using bioreactors. The development of completely artificial lung substitutes will also be reviewed. Lastly, we describe the state of current research, as well as future studies required for bioengineered lungs to become a realistic therapeutic modality for end-stage lung disease. Applications of bioengineering may allow for earlier intervention in end-stage lung disease and have the potential to not only halt organ failure, but also significantly reverse disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Hsiung
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Les James
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephanie H Chang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Travis C Geraci
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Luis F Angel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Justin C Y Chan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Deguchi K, Zambaiti E, De Coppi P. Regenerative medicine: current research and perspective in pediatric surgery. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:167. [PMID: 37014468 PMCID: PMC10073065 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine, encompassing several disciplines including stem cell biology and tissue engineering, continues to advance with the accumulating research on cell manipulation technologies, gene therapy and new materials. Recent progress in preclinical and clinical studies may transcend the boundaries of regenerative medicine from laboratory research towards clinical reality. However, for the ultimate goal to construct bioengineered transplantable organs, a number of issues still need to be addressed. In particular, engineering of elaborate tissues and organs requires a fine combination of different relevant aspects; not only the repopulation of multiple cell phenotypes in an appropriate distribution but also the adjustment of the host environmental factors such as vascularisation, innervation and immunomodulation. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the recent discoveries and development in stem cells and tissue engineering, which are inseparably interconnected. The current status of research on tissue stem cells and bioengineering, and the possibilities for application in specific organs relevant to paediatric surgery have been specifically focused and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Deguchi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Elisa Zambaiti
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- UOC Chirurgia Pediatrica, Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- NIHR BRC SNAPS Great Ormond Street Hospitals, London, UK.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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9
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Derman ID, Singh YP, Saini S, Nagamine M, Banerjee D, Ozbolat IT. Bioengineering and Clinical Translation of Human Lung and its Components. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200267. [PMID: 36658734 PMCID: PMC10121779 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Clinical lung transplantation has rapidly established itself as the gold standard of treatment for end-stage lung diseases in a restricted group of patients since the first successful lung transplant occurred. Although significant progress has been made in lung transplantation, there are still numerous obstacles on the path to clinical success. The development of bioartificial lung grafts using patient-derived cells may serve as an alternative treatment modality; however, challenges include developing appropriate scaffold materials, advanced culture strategies for lung-specific multiple cell populations, and fully matured constructs to ensure increased transplant lifetime following implantation. This review highlights the development of tissue-engineered tracheal and lung equivalents over the past two decades, key problems in lung transplantation in a clinical environment, the advancements made in scaffolds, bioprinting technologies, bioreactors, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip technologies. The review aims to fill the lacuna in existing literature toward a holistic bioartificial lung tissue, including trachea, capillaries, airways, bifurcating bronchioles, lung disease models, and their clinical translation. Herein, the efforts are on bridging the application of lung tissue engineering methods in a clinical environment as it is thought that tissue engineering holds enormous promise for overcoming the challenges associated with the clinical translation of bioengineered human lung and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Deniz Derman
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shweta Saini
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, India
| | - Momoka Nagamine
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University; University Park, PA,16802, USA
| | - Dishary Banerjee
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Cancer Institute, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Neurosurgery Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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10
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Zhu L, Yuhan J, Yu H, Zhang B, Huang K, Zhu L. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Remodeling Bioengineering Organoid's Microenvironment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207752. [PMID: 36929582 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, stem cell- and tumor-derived organoids are the most promising models in developmental biology and disease modeling, respectively. The matrix is one of three main elements in the construction of an organoid and the most important module of its extracellular microenvironment. However, the source of the currently available commercial matrix, Matrigel, limits the application of organoids in clinical medicine. It is worth investigating whether the original decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can be exploited as the matrix of organoids and improving organoid construction are very important. In this review, tissue decellularization protocols and the characteristics of decellularization methods, the mechanical support and biological cues of extraccellular matrix (ECM), methods for construction of multifunctional dECM and responsive dECM hydrogel, and the potential applications of functional dECM are summarized. In addition, some expectations are provided for dECM as the matrix of organoids in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China
| | - Jieyu Yuhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Longjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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11
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Chan JCY, Chaban R, Chang SH, Angel LF, Montgomery RA, Pierson RN. Future of Lung Transplantation: Xenotransplantation and Bioengineering Lungs. Clin Chest Med 2023; 44:201-214. [PMID: 36774165 PMCID: PMC11078107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation promises to alleviate the issue of donor organ shortages and to decrease waiting times for transplantation. Recent advances in genetic engineering have allowed for the creation of pigs with up to 16 genetic modifications. Several combinations of genetic modifications have been associated with extended graft survival and life-supporting function in experimental heart and kidney xenotransplants. Lung xenotransplantation carries specific challenges related to the large surface area of the lung vascular bed, its innate immune system's intrinsic hyperreactivity to perceived 'danger', and its anatomic vulnerability to airway flooding after even localized loss of alveolocapillary barrier function. This article discusses the current status of lung xenotransplantation, and challenges related to immunology, physiology, anatomy, and infection. Tissue engineering as a feasible alternative to develop a viable lung replacement solution is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Y Chan
- NYU Transplant Institute, New York University, 530 1st Avenue, Suite 7R, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Ryan Chaban
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, Bau 505, 5. OG55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Chang
- NYU Transplant Institute, New York University, 530 1st Avenue, Suite 7R, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Luis F Angel
- NYU Transplant Institute, New York University, 530 1st Avenue, Suite 7R, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robert A Montgomery
- NYU Transplant Institute, New York University, 530 1st Avenue, Suite 7R, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Richard N Pierson
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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12
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Zubarevich A, Osswald A, Amanov L, Arjomandi Rad A, Schmack B, Ruhparwar A, Weymann A. Development and evaluation of a novel combined perfusion decellularization heart-lung model for tissue engineering of bioartificial heart-lung scaffolds. Artif Organs 2023; 47:481-489. [PMID: 36219511 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioengineered transplantable heart-lung scaffolds could be potentially lifesaving in a large number of congenital and acquired cardiothoracic disorders including terminal heart-lung disease. METHODS We decellularized heart-lung organ-blocks from rats (n = 10) by coronary and tracheal perfusion with ionic detergents in a modified Langendorff circuit. RESULTS In the present project, we were able to achieve complete decellularization of the heart-lung organ-block. Decellularized heart-lung organ-blocks lacked intracellular components but maintained structure of the cellular walls with collagen and elastic fibers. CONCLUSIONS We present a novel model of combined perfusion and decellularization of heart-lung organ-blocks. This model is the first step on the pathway to creating bioengineered transplantable heart-lung scaffolds. We believe that further development of this technology could provide a life-saving conduit, significantly reducing the risks of heart-lung failure surgery and improving postoperative quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Zubarevich
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Osswald
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukman Amanov
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Arian Arjomandi Rad
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bastian Schmack
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Arjang Ruhparwar
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Weymann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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13
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Sarmah H, Sawada A, Hwang Y, Miura A, Shimamura Y, Tanaka J, Yamada K, Mori M. Towards human organ generation using interspecies blastocyst complementation: Challenges and perspectives for therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1070560. [PMID: 36743411 PMCID: PMC9893295 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1070560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from end-stage refractory diseases. The ideal treatment option for terminally ill patients is organ transplantation. However, donor organs are in absolute shortage, and sadly, most patients die while waiting for a donor organ. To date, no technology has achieved long-term sustainable patient-derived organ generation. In this regard, emerging technologies of chimeric human organ production via blastocyst complementation (BC) holds great promise. To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta Sarmah
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anri Sawada
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Youngmin Hwang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Akihiro Miura
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuko Shimamura
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kazuhiko Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Munemasa Mori
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Meran L, Tullie L, Eaton S, De Coppi P, Li VSW. Bioengineering human intestinal mucosal grafts using patient-derived organoids, fibroblasts and scaffolds. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:108-135. [PMID: 36261633 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that combines stem cells and matrices to form functional constructs that can be used to repair damaged tissues or regenerate whole organs. Tissue stem cells can be expanded and functionally differentiated to form 'mini-organs' resembling native tissue architecture and function. The choice of the scaffold is also pivotal to successful tissue reconstruction. Scaffolds may be broadly classified into synthetic or biological depending upon the purpose of the engineered organ. Bioengineered intestinal grafts represent a potential source of transplantable tissue for patients with intestinal failure, a condition resulting from extensive anatomical and functional loss of small intestine and therefore digestive and absorptive capacity. Prior strategies in intestinal bioengineering have predominantly used either murine or pluripotent cells and synthetic or decellularized rodent scaffolds, thus limiting their translation. Microscale models of human intestinal epithelium on shaped hydrogels and synthetic scaffolds are more physiological, but their regenerative potential is limited by scale. Here we present a protocol for bioengineering human intestinal grafts using patient-derived materials in a bioreactor culture system. This includes the isolation, expansion and biobanking of patient-derived intestinal organoids and fibroblasts, the generation of decellularized human intestinal scaffolds from native human tissue and providing a system for recellularization to form transplantable grafts. The duration of this protocol is 12 weeks, and it can be completed by scientists with prior experience of organoid culture. The resulting engineered mucosal grafts comprise physiological intestinal epithelium, matrix and surrounding niche, offering a valuable tool for both regenerative medicine and the study of human gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laween Meran
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucinda Tullie
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Vivian S W Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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15
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Wang B, Qinglai T, Yang Q, Li M, Zeng S, Yang X, Xiao Z, Tong X, Lei L, Li S. Functional acellular matrix for tissue repair. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100530. [PMID: 36601535 PMCID: PMC9806685 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In view of their low immunogenicity, biomimetic internal environment, tissue- and organ-like physicochemical properties, and functionalization potential, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) materials attract considerable attention and are widely used in tissue engineering. This review describes the composition of extracellular matrices and their role in stem-cell differentiation, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of existing decellularization techniques, and presents methods for the functionalization and characterization of decellularized scaffolds. In addition, we discuss progress in the use of dECMs for cartilage, skin, nerve, and muscle repair and the transplantation or regeneration of different whole organs (e.g., kidneys, liver, uterus, lungs, and heart), summarize the shortcomings of using dECMs for tissue and organ repair after refunctionalization, and examine the corresponding future prospects. Thus, the present review helps to further systematize the application of functionalized dECMs in tissue/organ transplantation and keep researchers up to date on recent progress in dECM usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Tang Qinglai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shiying Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zian Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinying Tong
- Department of Hemodialysis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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16
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Abstract
Chronic lung disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Given the dearth of definitive therapeutic options, there is an urgent need to augment the pool of donor organs for transplantation. One strategy entails building a lung ex vivo in the laboratory. The past decade of whole lung tissue engineering has laid a foundation of systems and strategies for this approach. Meanwhile, tremendous progress in lung stem cell biology is elucidating cues contributing to alveolar repair, and speaks to the potential of whole lung regeneration in the future. This perspective discusses the key challenges facing the field and highlights opportunities to combine insights from biology with engineering strategies to adopt a more deliberate, and ultimately successful, approach to lung engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Leiby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06511
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17
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Singh G, Senapati S, Satpathi S, Behera PK, Das B, Nayak B. Establishment of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold derived from caprine pancreas as a novel alternative template over porcine pancreatic scaffold for prospective biomedical application. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22574. [PMID: 36165227 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200807r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the caprine pancreas has been presented as an alternative to the porcine organ for pancreatic xenotransplantation with lesser risk factors. The obtained caprine pancreas underwent a systematic cycle of detergent perfusion for decellularization. It was perfused using anionic (0.5% w/v sodium dodecyl sulfate) as well as non-ionic (0.1% v/v triton X-100, t-octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol) detergents and washed intermittently with 1XPBS supplemented with 0.1% v/v antibiotic and nucleases in a gravitation-driven set-up. After 48 h, a white decellularized pancreas was obtained, and its extracellular matrix (ECM) content was examined for scaffold-like properties. The ECM content was assessed for removal of cellular content, and nuclear material was evaluated with temporal H&E staining. Quantified DNA was found to be present in a negligible amount in the resultant decellularized pancreas tissue (DPT), thus prohibiting it from triggering any immunogenicity. Collagen and fibronectin were confirmed to be preserved upon trichrome and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. SEM and AFM images reveal interconnected collagen fibril networks in the DPT, confirming that collagen was unaffected. sGAG was visualized using Prussian blue staining and quantified with DMMB assay, where DPT has effectively retained this ECM component. Uniaxial tensile analysis revealed that DPT possesses better elasticity than NPT (native pancreatic tissue). Physical parameters like tensile strength, stiffness, biodegradation, and swelling index were retained in the DPT with negligible loss. The cytocompatibility analysis of DPT has shown no cytotoxic effect for up to 72 h on normal insulin-producing cells (MIN-6) and cancerous glioblastoma (LN229) cells in vitro. The scaffold was recellularized using isolated mouse islets, which have established in vitro cell proliferation for up to 9 days. The scaffold received at the end of the decellularization cycle was found to be non-toxic to the cells, retained biological and physical properties of the native ECM, suitable for recellularization, and can be used as a safer and better alternative as a transplantable organ from a xenogeneic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - Biswajit Das
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bismita Nayak
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
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18
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Petrosyan A, Montali F, Peloso A, Citro A, Byers LN, La Pointe C, Suleiman M, Marchetti A, Mcneill EP, Speer AL, Ng WH, Ren X, Bussolati B, Perin L, Di Nardo P, Cardinale V, Duisit J, Monetti AR, Savino JR, Asthana A, Orlando G. Regenerative medicine technologies applied to transplant medicine.an update. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1015628. [PMID: 36263358 PMCID: PMC9576214 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1015628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) is changing how we think and practice transplant medicine. In regenerative medicine, the aim is to develop and employ methods to regenerate, restore or replace damaged/diseased tissues or organs. Regenerative medicine investigates using tools such as novel technologies or techniques, extracellular vesicles, cell-based therapies, and tissue-engineered constructs to design effective patient-specific treatments. This review illustrates current advancements in regenerative medicine that may pertain to transplant medicine. We highlight progress made and various tools designed and employed specifically for each tissue or organ, such as the kidney, heart, liver, lung, vasculature, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas. By combing both fields of transplant and regenerative medicine, we can harbor a successful collaboration that would be beneficial and efficacious for the repair and design of de novo engineered whole organs for transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astgik Petrosyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Filippo Montali
- Department of General Surgery, di Vaio Hospital, Fidenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Visceral Surgery Division, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Citro
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lori N. Byers
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Mara Suleiman
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Marchetti
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Eoin P. Mcneill
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Allison L Speer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wai Hoe Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jerome Duisit
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, CHU Rennes, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Amish Asthana
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Giuseppe Orlando,
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19
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Tam PKH, Wong KKY, Atala A, Giobbe GG, Booth C, Gruber PJ, Monone M, Rafii S, Rando TA, Vacanti J, Comer CD, Elvassore N, Grikscheit T, de Coppi P. Regenerative medicine: postnatal approaches. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:654-666. [PMID: 35963270 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Paper 2 of the paediatric regenerative medicine Series focuses on recent advances in postnatal approaches. New gene, cell, and niche-based technologies and their combinations allow structural and functional reconstitution and simulation of complex postnatal cell, tissue, and organ hierarchies. Organoid and tissue engineering advances provide human disease models and novel treatments for both rare paediatric diseases and common diseases affecting all ages, such as COVID-19. Preclinical studies for gastrointestinal disorders are directed towards oesophageal replacement, short bowel syndrome, enteric neuropathy, biliary atresia, and chronic end-stage liver failure. For respiratory diseases, beside the first human tracheal replacement, more complex tissue engineering represents a promising solution to generate transplantable lungs. Genitourinary tissue replacement and expansion usually involve application of biocompatible scaffolds seeded with patient-derived cells. Gene and cell therapy approaches seem appropriate for rare paediatric diseases of the musculoskeletal system such as spinal muscular dystrophy, whereas congenital diseases of complex organs, such as the heart, continue to challenge new frontiers of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kwong Hang Tam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region, China; Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Kenneth Kak Yuen Wong
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Giovanni Giuseppe Giobbe
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Booth
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Gruber
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mimmi Monone
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Paul F Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Vacanti
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Organ Fabrication, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carly D Comer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Organ Fabrication, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tracy Grikscheit
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paolo de Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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20
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Mohgan R, Candasamy M, Mayuren J, Singh SK, Gupta G, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Emerging Paradigms in Bioengineering the Lungs. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050195. [PMID: 35621473 PMCID: PMC9137616 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In end-stage lung diseases, the shortage of donor lungs for transplantation and long waiting lists are the main culprits in the significantly increasing number of patient deaths. New strategies to curb this issue are being developed with the help of recent advancements in bioengineering technology, with the generation of lung scaffolds as a steppingstone. There are various types of lung scaffolds, namely, acellular scaffolds that are developed via decellularization and recellularization techniques, artificial scaffolds that are synthesized using synthetic, biodegradable, and low immunogenic materials, and hybrid scaffolds which combine the advantageous properties of materials in the development of a desirable lung scaffold. There have also been advances in the design of bioreactors in terms of providing an optimal regenerative environment for the maturation of functional lung tissue over time. In this review, the emerging paradigms in the field of lung tissue bioengineering will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raxshanaa Mohgan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Jayashree Mayuren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India;
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia;
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, India;
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia;
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Chan JK, Chadwick EA, Taniguchi D, Ahmadipour M, Suzuki T, Romero D, Amon C, Waddell TK, Karoubi G, Bazylak A. Cell Inertia: Predicting Cell Distributions in Lung Vasculature to Optimize Re-endothelialization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:891407. [PMID: 35573256 PMCID: PMC9092599 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.891407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We created a transient computational fluid dynamics model featuring a particle deposition probability function that incorporates inertia to quantify the transport and deposition of cells in mouse lung vasculature for the re-endothelialization of the acellular organ. Our novel inertial algorithm demonstrated a 73% reduction in cell seeding efficiency error compared to two established particle deposition algorithms when validated with experiments based on common clinical practices. We enhanced the uniformity of cell distributions in the lung vasculature by increasing the injection flow rate from 3.81 ml/min to 9.40 ml/min. As a result, the cell seeding efficiency increased in both the numerical and experimental results by 42 and 66%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K.D. Chan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric A. Chadwick
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Ahmadipour
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Takaya Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - David Romero
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cristina Amon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas K. Waddell
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aimy Bazylak
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Aimy Bazylak,
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22
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Shokrani H, Shokrani A, Sajadi SM, Seidi F, Mashhadzadeh AH, Rabiee N, Saeb MR, Aminabhavi T, Webster TJ. Cell-Seeded Biomaterial Scaffolds: The Urgent Need for Unanswered Accelerated Angiogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1035-1068. [PMID: 35309965 PMCID: PMC8927652 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s353062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most arduous challenges in tissue engineering is neovascularization, without which there is a lack of nutrients delivered to a target tissue. Angiogenesis should be completed at an optimal density and within an appropriate period of time to prevent cell necrosis. Failure to meet this challenge brings about poor functionality for the tissue in comparison with the native tissue, extensively reducing cell viability. Prior studies devoted to angiogenesis have provided researchers with some biomaterial scaffolds and cell choices for angiogenesis. For example, while most current angiogenesis approaches require a variety of stimulatory factors ranging from biomechanical to biomolecular to cellular, some other promising stimulatory factors have been underdeveloped (such as electrical, topographical, and magnetic). When it comes to choosing biomaterial scaffolds in tissue engineering for angiogenesis, key traits rush to mind including biocompatibility, appropriate physical and mechanical properties (adhesion strength, shear stress, and malleability), as well as identifying the appropriate biomaterial in terms of stability and degradation profile, all of which may leave essential trace materials behind adversely influencing angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the selection of the best biomaterial and cells still remains an area of hot dispute as such previous studies have not sufficiently classified, integrated, or compared approaches. To address the aforementioned need, this review article summarizes a variety of natural and synthetic scaffolds including hydrogels that support angiogenesis. Furthermore, we review a variety of cell sources utilized for cell seeding and influential factors used for angiogenesis with a concentrated focus on biomechanical factors, with unique stimulatory factors. Lastly, we provide a bottom-to-up overview of angiogenic biomaterials and cell selection, highlighting parameters that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Shokrani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Shokrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, 625, Iraq
- Department of Phytochemistry, SRC, Soran University, Soran, KRG, 624, Iraq
- Correspondence: S Mohammad Sajadi; Navid Rabiee, Email ; ;
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co–Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tejraj Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka, 580 031, India
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, India
| | - Thomas J Webster
- School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Biomaterials, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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23
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Decellularized extracellular matrix mediates tissue construction and regeneration. Front Med 2021; 16:56-82. [PMID: 34962624 PMCID: PMC8976706 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Contributing to organ formation and tissue regeneration, extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents provide tissue with three-dimensional (3D) structural integrity and cellular-function regulation. Containing the crucial traits of the cellular microenvironment, ECM substitutes mediate cell–matrix interactions to prompt stem-cell proliferation and differentiation for 3D organoid construction in vitro or tissue regeneration in vivo. However, these ECMs are often applied generically and have yet to be extensively developed for specific cell types in 3D cultures. Cultured cells also produce rich ECM, particularly stromal cells. Cellular ECM improves 3D culture development in vitro and tissue remodeling during wound healing after implantation into the host as well. Gaining better insight into ECM derived from either tissue or cells that regulate 3D tissue reconstruction or organ regeneration helps us to select, produce, and implant the most suitable ECM and thus promote 3D organoid culture and tissue remodeling for in vivo regeneration. Overall, the decellularization methodologies and tissue/cell-derived ECM as scaffolds or cellular-growth supplements used in cell propagation and differentiation for 3D tissue culture in vitro are discussed. Moreover, current preclinical applications by which ECM components modulate the wound-healing process are reviewed.
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24
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Moreira A, Müller M, Costa PF, Kohl Y. Advanced In Vitro Lung Models for Drug and Toxicity Screening: The Promising Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 6:e2101139. [PMID: 34962104 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The substantial socioeconomic burden of lung diseases, recently highlighted by the disastrous impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accentuates the need for interventive treatments capable of decelerating disease progression, limiting organ damage, and contributing to a functional tissue recovery. However, this is hampered by the lack of accurate human lung research models, which currently fail to reproduce the human pulmonary architecture and biochemical environment. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and organ-on-chip (OOC) technologies possess suitable characteristics for the generation of physiologically relevant in vitro lung models, allowing for developmental studies, disease modeling, and toxicological screening. Importantly, these platforms represent potential alternatives for animal testing, according to the 3Rs (replace, reduce, refine) principle, and hold promise for the identification and approval of new chemicals under the European REACH (registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals) framework. As such, this review aims to summarize recent progress made in human iPSC- and OOC-based in vitro lung models. A general overview of the present applications of in vitro lung models is presented, followed by a summary of currently used protocols to generate different lung cell types from iPSCs. Lastly, recently developed iPSC-based lung models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Müller
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Pedro F Costa
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany.,Postgraduate Course for Toxicology and Environmental Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 28, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Ahmadipour M, Taniguchi D, Duchesneau P, Aoki FG, Phillips G, Sinderby C, Waddell TK, Karoubi G. Use of High-Rate Ventilation Results in Enhanced Recellularization of Bioengineered Lung Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:661-671. [PMID: 34847779 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While transplantation is a viable treatment option for end-stage lung diseases, this option is highly constrained by the availability of organs and postoperative complications. A potential solution is the use of bioengineered lungs generated from repopulated acellular scaffolds. Effective recellularization, however, remains a challenge. In this proof-of-concept study, mice lung scaffolds were decellurized and recellurized using human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS2B). We present a novel liquid ventilation protocol enabling control over tidal volume and high rates of ventilation. The use of a physiological tidal volume (300 μL) for mice and a higher ventilation rate (40 breaths per minute vs. 1 breath per minute) resulted in higher cell numbers and enhanced cell surface coverage in mouse lung scaffolds as determined via histological evaluation, genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and immunohistochemistry. A biomimetic lung bioreactor system was designed to include the new ventilation protocol and allow for simultaneous vascular perfusion. We compared the lungs cultured in our dual system to lungs cultured with a bioreactor allowing vascular perfusion only and showed that our system significantly enhances cell numbers and surface coverage. In summary, our results demonstrate the importance of the physical environment and forces for lung recellularization. Impact statement New bioreactor systems are required to further enhance the regeneration process of bioengineered lungs. This proof-of-concept study describes a novel ventilation protocol that allows for control over ventilation parameters such as rate and tidal volume. Our data show that a higher rate of ventilation is correlated with higher cell numbers and increased surface coverage. We designed a new biomimetic bioreactor system that allows for ventilation and simultaneous perfusion. Compared to a traditional perfusion only system, recellularization was enhanced in lungs recellularized with our new biomimetic bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- MohammadAli Ahmadipour
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal Duchesneau
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabio Gava Aoki
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Christer Sinderby
- Department of Medicine and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Critical Care, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Science Technology (iBEST) at Ryerson University and St-Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Koo MA, Jeong H, Hong SH, Seon GM, Lee MH, Park JC. Preconditioning process for dermal tissue decellularization using electroporation with sonication. Regen Biomater 2021; 9:rbab071. [PMID: 35449827 PMCID: PMC9017362 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularization to produce bioscaffolds composed of the extracellular matrix (ECM) uses enzymatic, chemical and physical methods to remove antigens and cellular components from tissues. Effective decellularization methods depend on the characteristics of tissues, and in particular, tissues with dense, complex structure and abundant lipid content are difficult to completely decellularize. Our study enables future research on the development of methods and treatments for fabricating bioscaffolds via decellularization of complex and rigid skin tissues, which are not commonly considered for decellularization to date as their structural and functional characteristics could not be preserved after severe decellularization. In this study, decellularization of human dermal tissue was done by a combination of both chemical (0.05% trypsin-EDTA, 2% SDS and 1% Triton X-100) and physical methods (electroporation and sonication). After decellularization, the content of DNA remaining in the tissue was quantitatively confirmed, and the structural change of the tissue and the retention and distribution of ECM components were evaluated through histological and histochemical analysis, respectively. Conditions of the chemical pretreatment that increase the efficiency of physical stimulation as well as decellularization, and conditions for electroporation and sonication without the use of detergents, unlike the methods performed in previous studies, were established to enable the complete decellularization of the skin tissue. The combinatorial decellularization treatment formed micropores in the lipid bilayers of the skin tissues while removing all cell and cellular residues without affecting the ECM properties. Therefore, this procedure can be widely used to fabricate bioscaffolds by decellularizing biological tissues with dense and complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ah Koo
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung Hee Hong
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jong-Chul Park
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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27
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Becerra D, Wu T, Jeffs S, Ott HC. High-Throughput Culture Method of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:639-648. [PMID: 34751582 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung regeneration is dependent on the availability of progenitor lung cells. Large numbers of self-renewing, patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell derived alveolar epithelial cells (iPSC-AECs) are needed to adequately recellularize whole organ constructs. Prior methods to generated functional iPSC-AECs are not feasible for large-scale cell production. We present a novel protocol to produce iPSC-AECs which is scalable for whole organ regeneration. Differentiation of iPSCs was performed with genetically modified iPSCs with fluorescent reporters which underwent differentiation in a stepwise protocol mimicking lung development. Cells were purified, sorted, and embedded in a liquid Matrigel precursor to form either adherent droplets or to form cell-laden Matrigel spheroids which were subsequently transferred to spinner flasks with media as floating droplets. After culture, monolayer spheres of iPSC-AECs were isolated to form single cell suspensions. Equal numbers of iPSC-AECs from the two culture conditions were seeded into decellularized lung scaffolds. IPSC-AECs cultured in floating droplets were significantly more proliferative than those in adherent droplets, with significantly higher total cell counts and Ki67 expression. Equivalent expression of the distal lung markers was observed for both culture conditions. Lungs recellularized from both culture groups had similar histologic appearance. Media changes took significantly less time with the floating droplet method and was more cost effective. The floating droplet culture method demonstrated enhanced proliferative capacity, stable distal lung epithelial phenotype, and reduced resources compared to prior culture methods. Here we provide a means for iPSC-AEC production for regeneration of whole lung constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Becerra
- Duke University Medical Center, 22957, Surgery, Durham, North Carolina, United States;
| | - Tong Wu
- Massachusetts General Hospital , Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Harvard Medical School, 1811, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Sydney Jeffs
- Duke University School of Medicine, 12277, Durham, North Carolina, United States;
| | - Harald C Ott
- Harvard Medical School, 1811, Thoracic Surgery, 55 Fruit Street, Founders 7, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115;
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28
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Li M, Yang S, Song J, Fu T, Liang P, Gao Z, Tang J, Guo L. Different grinding speeds affect induced regeneration capacity of human treated dentin matrix. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:755-767. [PMID: 34637601 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human-treated dentin matrix (hTDM) is a biomaterial scaffold, which can induce implant cells to differentiate into odontoblasts and then form neo-dentin. However, hTDM with long storage or prepared by high-speed handpiece would not to form neo-dentin. In this research, we developed two fresh hTDM with different grinding speeds, which were low-speed hTDM (LTDM) with maximum speed of 500 rpm and high-speed hTDM (HTDM) with a speed of 3,80,000 rpm. Here, we aim to understand whether there were induced regeneration capacity differences between LTDM and HTDM. Scanning electron microscope showed that DFCs grew well on both materials, but the morphology of DFCs and the extracellular matrix was different. Especially, the secreted extracellular matrixes on the inner surface of LTDM were regular morphology and ordered arrangement around the dentin tubules. The transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot and immunofluorescence assay showed that the dentin markers DSPP and DMP-1 were about 2× greater in DFCs induced by LTDM than by HTDM, and osteogenic marker BSP was about 2× greater in DFCs induced by HTDM than by LTDM. Histological examinations of the harvested grafts observed the formation of neo-tissue were different, and there were neo-dentin formed on the inner surface of LTDM and neo-cementum formed on the outer surface of HTDM. In summary, it found that the induction abilities of LTDM and HTDM are different, and the dentin matrix is directional. This study lays a necessary foundation for searching the key factors of dentin regeneration in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Medical Cosmetology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Stomatology Center, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Medical University Stomatology College, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiwei Fu
- Chongqing Medical University Stomatology College, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Panpan Liang
- Chongqing Medical University Stomatology College, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
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29
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Engineering a 3D Vascularized Adipose Tissue Construct Using a Decellularized Lung Matrix. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:biomimetics6030052. [PMID: 34562876 PMCID: PMC8482279 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Critically sized defects in subcutaneous white adipose tissue result in extensive disfigurement and dysfunction and remain a reconstructive challenge for surgeons; as larger defect sizes are correlated with higher rates of complications and failure due to insufficient vascularization following implantation. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, a method to engineer perfusable, pre-vascularized, high-density adipose grafts that combine patient-derived adipose cells with a decellularized lung matrix (DLM). The lung is one of the most vascularized organs with high flow, low resistance, and a large blood-alveolar interface separated by a thin basement membrane. For our work, the large volume capacity within the alveolar compartment was repurposed for high-density adipose cell filling, while the acellular vascular bed provided efficient graft perfusion throughout. Both adipocytes and hASCs were successfully delivered and remained in the alveolar space even after weeks of culture. While adipose-derived cells maintained their morphology and functionality in both static and perfusion DLM cultures, perfusion culture offered enhanced outcomes over static culture. Furthermore, we demonstrate that endothelial cells seamlessly integrate into the acellular vascular tree of the DLM with adipocytes. These results support that the DLM is a unique platform for creating vascularized adipose tissue grafts for large defect filling.
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30
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Mahfouzi SH, Safiabadi Tali SH, Amoabediny G. Decellularized human-sized pulmonary scaffolds for lung tissue engineering: a comprehensive review. Regen Med 2021; 16:757-774. [PMID: 34431331 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of lung bioengineering is to produce transplantable lungs for human beings. Therefore, large-scale studies are of high importance. In this paper, we review the investigations on decellularization and recellularization of human-sized lung scaffolds. First, studies that introduce new ways to enhance the decellularization of large-scale lungs are reviewed, followed by the investigations on the xenogeneic sources of lung scaffolds. Then, decellularization and recellularization of diseased lung scaffolds are discussed to assess their usefulness for tissue engineering applications. Next, the use of stem cells in recellularizing acellular lung scaffolds is reviewed, followed by the case studies on the transplantation of bioengineered lungs. Finally, the remaining challenges are discussed, and future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Mahfouzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Safiabadi Tali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabediny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Cohen S, Partouche S, Gurevich M, Tennak V, Mezhybovsky V, Azarov D, Soffer-Hirschberg S, Hovav B, Niv-Drori H, Weiss C, Borovich A, Cohen G, Wertheimer A, Shukrun G, Israeli M, Yahalom V, Leshem-Lev D, Perl L, Kornowski R, Wiznitzer A, Tobar A, Feinmesser M, Mor E, Atar E, Nesher E. Generation of vascular chimerism within donor organs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13437. [PMID: 34183759 PMCID: PMC8238957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole organ perfusion decellularization has been proposed as a promising method to generate non-immunogenic organs from allogeneic and xenogeneic donors. However, the ability to recellularize organ scaffolds with multiple patient-specific cells in a spatially controlled manner remains challenging. Here, we propose that replacing donor endothelial cells alone, while keeping the rest of the organ viable and functional, is more technically feasible, and may offer a significant shortcut in the efforts to engineer transplantable organs. Vascular decellularization was achieved ex vivo, under controlled machine perfusion conditions, in various rat and porcine organs, including the kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, aorta, hind limbs, and pancreas. In addition, vascular decellularization of selected organs was performed in situ, within the donor body, achieving better control over the perfusion process. Human placenta-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were used as immunologically-acceptable human cells to repopulate the luminal surface of de-endothelialized aorta (in vitro), kidneys, lungs and hind limbs (ex vivo). This study provides evidence that artificially generating vascular chimerism is feasible and could potentially pave the way for crossing the immunological barrier to xenotransplantation, as well as reducing the immunological burden of allogeneic grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Cohen
- Laboratory for Organ Bioengineering, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Shirly Partouche
- Laboratory for Organ Bioengineering, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstien Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Michael Gurevich
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Vladimir Tennak
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Vadym Mezhybovsky
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Dmitry Azarov
- Experimental Surgery Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Benny Hovav
- Department of Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Hagit Niv-Drori
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Chana Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Adi Borovich
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Cohen
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Avital Wertheimer
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Golan Shukrun
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Moshe Israeli
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
| | - Vered Yahalom
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Blood Services and Apheresis Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Dorit Leshem-Lev
- Felsenstien Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Leor Perl
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ran Kornowski
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Arnon Wiznitzer
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ana Tobar
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meora Feinmesser
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Mor
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery B, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eli Atar
- Department of Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eviatar Nesher
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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32
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Mahfouzi SH, Amoabediny G, Safiabadi Tali SH. Advances in bioreactors for lung bioengineering: From scalable cell culture to tissue growth monitoring. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2142-2167. [PMID: 33629350 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung bioengineering has emerged to resolve the current lung transplantation limitations and risks, including the shortage of donor organs and the high rejection rate of transplanted lungs. One of the most critical elements of lung bioengineering is bioreactors. Bioreactors with different applications have been developed in the last decade for lung bioengineering approaches, aiming to produce functional reproducible tissue constructs. Here, the current status and advances made in the development and application of bioreactors for bioengineering lungs are comprehensively reviewed. First, bioreactor design criteria are explained, followed by a discussion on using bioreactors as a culture system for scalable expansion and proliferation of lung cells, such as producing epithelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Next, bioreactor systems facilitating and improving decellularization and recellularization of lung tissues are discussed, highlighting the studies that developed bioreactors for producing engineered human-sized lungs. Then, monitoring bioreactors are reviewed, showing their ability to evaluate and optimize the culture conditions for maturing engineered lung tissues, followed by an explanation on the ability of ex vivo lung perfusion systems for reconditioning the lungs before transplantation. After that, lung cancer studies simplified by bioreactors are discussed, showing the potentials of bioreactors in lung disease modeling. Finally, other platforms with the potential of facilitating lung bioengineering are described, including the in vivo bioreactors and lung-on-a-chip models. In the end, concluding remarks and future directions are put forward to accelerate lung bioengineering using bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Mahfouzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabediny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Safiabadi Tali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Kitano K, Ohata K, Economopoulos KP, Gorman DE, Gilpin SE, Becerra DC, Ott HC. Orthotopic Transplantation of Human Bioartificial Lung Grafts in a Porcine Model: A Feasibility Study. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 34:752-759. [PMID: 33713829 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is the only treatment for end-stage lung disease; however, donor organ shortage and intense immunosuppression limit its broad clinical impact. Bioengineering of lungs with patient-derived cells could overcome these problems. We created bioartificial lungs by seeding human-derived cells onto porcine lung matrices and performed orthotopic transplantation to assess feasibility and in vivo function. Porcine decellularized lung scaffolds were seeded with human airway epithelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Following in vitro culture, the bioartificial lungs were orthotopically transplanted into porcine recipients with planned 1-day survival (n = 3). Lungs were assessed with histology and in vivo function. Orthotopic transplantation of cadaveric lungs was performed as control. Engraftment of endothelial and epithelial cells in the grafts were histologically demonstrated. Technically successful orthotopic anastomoses of the vasculatures and airway were achieved in all animals. Perfusion and ventilation of the lung grafts were confirmed intraoperatively. The gas exchange function was evident immediately after transplantation; PO2 gradient between pulmonary artery and vein were 178 ± 153 mm Hg in the bioartificial lung group and 183 ± 117 mm Hg in the control group. At time of evaluation 24 hours after reperfusion, the pulmonary arteries were found to be occluded with thrombus in all bioartificial lungs. Engineering and orthotopic transplantation of bioartificial lungs with human cells were technically feasible in a porcine model. Early gas exchange function was evident. Further progress in optimizing recellularization and maturation of the grafts will be necessary for sustained perfusability and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kitano
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Ohata
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Daniel E Gorman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah E Gilpin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David C Becerra
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harald C Ott
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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34
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Ahmadipour M, Duchesneau P, Taniguchi D, Waddell TK, Karoubi G. Negative Pressure Cell Delivery Augments Recellularization of Decellularized Lungs. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:1-11. [PMID: 33307958 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For end-stage lung disease, lung transplantation remains the only treatment but is limited by the availability of organs. Production of bioengineered lungs via recellularization is an alternative but is hindered by inadequate repopulation. We present a cell delivery method via the generation of negative pressure. Decellularized lungs were seeded with human bronchial epithelial cells using gravity-based perfusion or negative pressure (via air removal). After delivery, lungs were maintained in static conditions for 18 h, and cell surface coverage was qualitatively assessed using histology and analyzed by subjective scoring and an image analysis software. Negative pressure seeded lungs had higher cell surface coverage area, and this effect was maintained following 5 days of culture. Enhanced coverage via negative pressure cell delivery was also observed when vasculature seeded with endothelial cells. Our findings show that negative pressure cell delivery is a superior approach for the recellularization of the bioengineered lung. Impact statement New strategies are required to overcome the shortage of organ donors for lung transplantation. Recellularization of acellular biological scaffolds is an exciting potential alternative. Adequate recellularization, however, remains a significant challenge. This proof of concept study describes a novel cell delivery approach, which further enhances the recellularization of decellularized lungs. Organs seeded and cultured with this method possess higher cell surface coverage and number compared to those seeded via traditional gravity-based perfusion approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Ahmadipour
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pascal Duchesneau
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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35
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Melo-Narváez MC, Stegmayr J, Wagner DE, Lehmann M. Lung regeneration: implications of the diseased niche and ageing. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/157/200222. [DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0222-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most chronic and acute lung diseases have no cure, leaving lung transplantation as the only option. Recent work has improved our understanding of the endogenous regenerative capacity of the lung and has helped identification of different progenitor cell populations, as well as exploration into inducing endogenous regeneration through pharmaceutical or biological therapies. Additionally, alternative approaches that aim at replacing lung progenitor cells and their progeny through cell therapy, or whole lung tissue through bioengineering approaches, have gained increasing attention. Although impressive progress has been made, efforts at regenerating functional lung tissue are still ineffective. Chronic and acute lung diseases are most prevalent in the elderly and alterations in progenitor cells with ageing, along with an increased inflammatory milieu, present major roadblocks for regeneration. Multiple cellular mechanisms, such as cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction, are aberrantly regulated in the aged and diseased lung, which impairs regeneration. Existing as well as new human in vitro models are being developed, improved and adapted in order to study potential mechanisms of lung regeneration in different contexts. This review summarises recent advances in understanding endogenous as well as exogenous regeneration and the development of in vitro models for studying regenerative mechanisms.
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36
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Ohata K, Ott HC. Human-scale lung regeneration based on decellularized matrix scaffolds as a biologic platform. Surg Today 2020; 50:633-643. [PMID: 32363425 PMCID: PMC7305261 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-02000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is currently the only curative treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease; however, donor organ shortage and the need for intense immunosuppression limit its broad clinical application. Bioartificial lungs created by combining native matrix scaffolds with patient-derived cells might overcome these problems. Decellularization involves stripping away cells while leaving behind the extracellular matrix scaffold. Cadaveric lungs are decellularized by detergent perfusion, and histologic examination confirms the absence of cellular components but the preservation of matrix proteins. The resulting lung scaffolds are recellularized in a bioreactor that provides biomimetic conditions, including vascular perfusion and liquid ventilation. Cell seeding, engraftment, and tissue maturation are achieved in whole-organ culture. Bioartificial lungs are transplantable, similarly to donor lungs, because the scaffolds preserve the vascular and airway architecture. In rat and porcine transplantation models, successful anastomoses of the vasculature and the airway were achieved, and gas exchange was evident after reperfusion. However, long-term function has not been achieved because of the immaturity of the vascular bed and distal lung epithelia. The goal of this strategy is to create patient-specific transplantable lungs using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cells. The repopulation of decellularized scaffolds to create transplantable organs is one of possible future clinical applications of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Ohata
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 4800, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harald C Ott
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 4800, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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37
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Whole Organ Engineering: Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
End-stage organ failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. The only curative treatment option currently available for patients diagnosed with end-stage organ failure is organ transplantation. However, due to a critical shortage of organs, only a fraction of these patients are able to receive a viable organ transplantation. Those patients fortunate enough to receive a transplant must then be subjected to a lifelong regimen of immunosuppressant drugs. The concept of whole organ engineering offers a promising alternative to organ transplantation that overcomes these limitations. Organ engineering is a discipline that merges developmental biology, anatomy, physiology, and cellular interactions with enabling technologies such as advanced biomaterials and biofabrication to create bioartificial organs that recapitulate native organs in vivo. There have been numerous developments in bioengineering of whole organs over the past two decades. Key technological advancements include (1) methods of whole organ decellularization and recellularization, (2) three-dimensional bioprinting, (3) advanced stem cell technologies, and (4) the ability to genetically modify tissues and cells. These advancements give hope that organ engineering will become a commercial reality in the next decade. In this review article, we describe the foundational principles of whole organ engineering, discuss key technological advances, and provide an overview of current limitations and future directions.
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38
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Okabe R, Chen-Yoshikawa TF. Commentary: Infants Toddle Before They Ambulate. Where Are We Now? Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 33:274-275. [PMID: 32562750 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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39
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Ryan AL, Ikonomou L, Atarod S, Bölükbas DA, Collins J, Freishtat R, Hawkins F, Gilpin SE, Uhl FE, Uriarte JJ, Weiss DJ, Wagner DE. Stem Cells, Cell Therapies, and Bioengineering in Lung Biology and Diseases 2017. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:429-439. [PMID: 31573338 PMCID: PMC6775946 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0286st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the Alpha-1 Foundation, the American Thoracic Society, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, the European Respiratory Society, the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy, and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, convened a workshop titled "Stem Cells, Cell Therapies, and Bioengineering in Lung Biology and Diseases" from July 24 through 27, 2017, at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. The conference objectives were to review and discuss current understanding of the following topics: 1) stem and progenitor cell biology and the role that they play in endogenous repair or as cell therapies after lung injury, 2) the emerging role of extracellular vesicles as potential therapies, 3) ex vivo bioengineering of lung and airway tissue, and 4) progress in induced pluripotent stem cell protocols for deriving lung cell types and applications in disease modeling. All of these topics are research areas in which significant and exciting progress has been made over the past few years. In addition, issues surrounding the ethics and regulation of cell therapies worldwide were discussed, with a special emphasis on combating the growing problem of unproven cell interventions being administered to patients with lung diseases. Finally, future research directions were discussed, and opportunities for both basic and translational research were identified.
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40
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Yanagiya M, Kitano K, Yotsumoto T, Asahina H, Nagayama K, Nakajima J. Transplantation of Bioengineered Lungs Created From Recipient-Derived Cells Into a Large Animal Model. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 33:263-271. [PMID: 32348880 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of bioartificial lungs may represent a breakthrough for the treatment of end-stage lung disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of transplanting bioengineered lungs created from autologous cells. Porcine decellularized lung scaffolds were seeded with porcine recipient-derived airway and vascular cells. The porcine recipient-derived cells were collected from lung tissue obtained by pulmonary wedge resection. Following culture of autologous cells in the scaffolds, the resulting grafts were unilaterally transplanted into porcine recipients (n = 3). Allograft left unilateral lung transplantation was performed in the control group (n = 3). Left unilateral transplantation of decellularized grafts was also performed in a separate control group (n = 2). In vivo functions were assessed for 2 hours after transplantation. Histologic evaluation and immunostaining showed the presence of airway and vascular cells in the bioengineered lungs. No animals survived in the decellularized transplant group, whereas all animals survived in the bioengineered transplant and allotransplant groups. However, bioengineered lung grafts showed marked bullous changes. The oxygen exchange was comparable between the bioengineered lung graft transplant and allograft transplant groups. However, the carbon dioxide gas exchange of the bioengineered lung graft transplant group was significantly lower than that of the allograft transplant group at 2 hours after transplantation (4.10 ± 0.87 mm Hg vs 24.7 ± 10.1 mm Hg, P = 0.02). Transplantation of bioartificial lung grafts created from autologous cells was feasible in the super-acute phase. However, bullous changes and poor carbon dioxide gas exchange remain limitations of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yanagiya
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Kitano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Yotsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Asahina
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagayama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Dorrello NV, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Bioengineering of Pulmonary Epithelium With Preservation of the Vascular Niche. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:269. [PMID: 32351946 PMCID: PMC7174601 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of transplantable donor organs directly affects patients with end-stage lung disease, for which transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. With the current acceptance rate of donor lungs of only 20%, rescuing even one half of the rejected donor lungs would increase the number of transplantable lungs threefold, to 60%. We review recent advances in lung bioengineering that have potential to repair the epithelial and vascular compartments of the lung. Our focus is on the long-term support and recovery of the lung ex vivo, and the replacement of defective epithelium with healthy therapeutic cells. To this end, we first review the roles of the lung epithelium and vasculature, with focus on the alveolar-capillary membrane, and then discuss the available and emerging technologies for ex vivo bioengineering of the lung by decellularization and recellularization. While there have been many meritorious advances in these technologies for recovering marginal quality lungs to the levels needed to meet the standards for transplantation – many challenges remain, motivating further studies of the extended ex vivo support and interventions in the lung. We propose that the repair of injured epithelium with preservation of quiescent vasculature will be critical for the immediate blood supply to the lung and the lung survival and function following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Valerio Dorrello
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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42
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Bolte C, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. Molecular, cellular, and bioengineering approaches to stimulate lung regeneration after injury. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 100:101-108. [PMID: 31669132 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The lung is susceptible to damage from a variety of sources throughout development and in adulthood. As a result, the lung has great capacities for repair and regeneration, directed by precisely controlled sequences of molecular and signaling pathways. Impairments or alterations in these signaling events can have deleterious effects on lung structure and function, ultimately leading to chronic lung disorders. When lung injury is too severe for the normal pathways to repair, or if those pathways do not function properly, lung regenerative medicine is needed to restore adequate structure and function. Great progress has been made in recent years in the number of regenerative techniques and their efficacy. This review will address recent progress in lung regenerative medicine focusing on pharmacotherapy including the expanding role of nanotechnology, stem cell-based therapies, and bioengineering techniques. The use of these techniques individually and collectively has the potential to significantly improve morbidity and mortality associated with congenital and acquired lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Bolte
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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43
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Abstract
The pulmonary blood-gas barrier represents a remarkable feat of engineering. It achieves the exquisite thinness needed for gas exchange by diffusion, the strength to withstand the stresses and strains of repetitive and changing ventilation, and the ability to actively maintain itself under varied demands. Understanding the design principles of this barrier is essential to understanding a variety of lung diseases, and to successfully regenerating or artificially recapitulating the barrier ex vivo. Many classical studies helped to elucidate the unique structure and morphology of the mammalian blood-gas barrier, and ongoing investigations have helped to refine these descriptions and to understand the biological aspects of blood-gas barrier function and regulation. This article reviews the key features of the blood-gas barrier that enable achievement of the necessary design criteria and describes the mechanical environment to which the barrier is exposed. It then focuses on the biological and mechanical components of the barrier that preserve integrity during homeostasis, but which may be compromised in certain pathophysiological states, leading to disease. Finally, this article summarizes recent key advances in efforts to engineer the blood-gas barrier ex vivo, using the platforms of lung-on-a-chip and tissue-engineered whole lungs. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:415-452, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Leiby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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44
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Tsuchiya T, Doi R, Obata T, Hatachi G, Nagayasu T. Lung Microvascular Niche, Repair, and Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:105. [PMID: 32154234 PMCID: PMC7047880 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials have been used for a long time in the field of medicine. Since the success of "tissue engineering" pioneered by Langer and Vacanti in 1993, tissue engineering studies have advanced from simple tissue generation to whole organ generation with three-dimensional reconstruction. Decellularized scaffolds have been widely used in the field of reconstructive surgery because the tissues used to generate decellularized scaffolds can be easily harvested from animals or humans. When a patient's own cells can be seeded onto decellularized biomaterials, theoretically this will create immunocompatible organs generated from allo- or xeno-organs. The most important aspect of lung tissue engineering is that the delicate three-dimensional structure of the organ is maintained during the tissue engineering process. Therefore, organ decellularization has special advantages for lung tissue engineering where it is essential to maintain the extremely thin basement membrane in the alveoli. Since 2010, there have been many methodological developments in the decellularization and recellularization of lung scaffolds, which includes improvements in the decellularization protocols and the selection and preparation of seeding cells. However, early transplanted engineered lungs terminated in organ failure in a short period. Immature vasculature reconstruction is considered to be the main cause of engineered organ failure. Immature vasculature causes thrombus formation in the engineered lung. Successful reconstruction of a mature vasculature network would be a major breakthrough in achieving success in lung engineering. In order to regenerate the mature vasculature network, we need to remodel the vascular niche, especially the microvasculature, in the organ scaffold. This review highlights the reconstruction of the vascular niche in a decellularized lung scaffold. Because the vascular niche consists of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, extracellular matrix (ECM), and the epithelial-endothelial interface, all of which might affect the vascular tight junction (TJ), we discuss ECM composition and reconstruction, the contribution of ECs and perivascular cells, the air-blood barrier (ABB) function, and the effects of physiological factors during the lung microvasculature repair and engineering process. The goal of the present review is to confirm the possibility of success in lung microvascular engineering in whole organ engineering and explore the future direction of the current methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Division of Nucleic Acid Drug Development, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Doi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Obata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Go Hatachi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Hussein KH, Park KM, Yu L, Song SH, Woo HM, Kwak HH. Vascular reconstruction: A major challenge in developing a functional whole solid organ graft from decellularized organs. Acta Biomater 2020; 103:68-80. [PMID: 31887454 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineering a functional organ holds great potential to overcome the current gap between the organ need and shortage of available organs. Whole organ decellularization allows the removal of cells from large-scale organs, leaving behind extracellular matrices containing different growth factors, structural proteins, and a vascular network with a bare surface. Successful application of decellularized tissues as transplantable organs is hampered by the inability to completely reline the vasculature by endothelial cells (ECs), leading to blood coagulation, loss of vascular patency, and subsequent death of reseeded cells. Therefore, an intact, continuous layer of endothelium is essential to maintain proper functioning of the vascular system, which includes the transfer of nutrients to surrounding tissues and protecting other types of cells from shear stress. Here, we aimed to summarize the available cell sources that can be used for reendothelialization in addition to different trials performed by researchers to reconstruct vascularization of decellularized solid organs. Additionally, different techniques for enhancing reendothelialization and the methods used for evaluating reendothelialization efficiency along with the future prospective applications of this field are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the great progress in whole organ decellularization, reconstruction of vasculature within the engineered constructs is still a major roadblock. Reconstructed endothelium acts as a multifunctional barrier of vessels, which can reduce thrombosis and help delivering of oxygen and nutrients throughout the whole organ. Successful reendothelialization can be achieved through reseeding of appropriate cell types on the naked vasculature with or without modification of its surface. Here, we present the current research milestones that so far established to reconstruct the vascular network in addition to the methods used for evaluating the efficiency of reendotheilization. Thus, this review is quite significant and will aid the researchers to know where we stand toward biofabricating a transplantable organ from decellularizd extracellular matrix.
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Peired AJ, Mazzinghi B, De Chiara L, Guzzi F, Lasagni L, Romagnani P, Lazzeri E. Bioengineering strategies for nephrologists: kidney was not built in a day. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:467-480. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1709439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Julie Peired
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzinghi
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Letizia De Chiara
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Guzzi
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Lasagni
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lazzeri
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Young BM, Shankar K, Tho CK, Pellegrino AR, Heise RL. Laminin-driven Epac/Rap1 regulation of epithelial barriers on decellularized matrix. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:223-234. [PMID: 31593773 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized tissues offer a unique tool for developing regenerative biomaterials or in vitro platforms for the study of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. One main challenge associated with decellularized lung tissue is that ECM components can be stripped away or altered by the detergents used to remove cellular debris. Without characterizing the composition of lung decellularized ECM (dECM) and the cellular response caused by the altered composition, it is difficult to utilize dECM for regeneration and specifically, engineering the complexities of the alveolar-capillary barrier. This study takes steps towards uncovering if dECM must be enhanced with lost ECM proteins to achieve proper epithelial barrier formation. To achieve this, the epithelial barrier function was assessed on dECM coatings with and without the systematic addition of several key basement membrane proteins. After comparing barrier function on collagen I, fibronectin, laminin, and dECM in varying combinations as an in vitro coating, the alveolar epithelium exhibited superior barrier function when dECM was supplemented with laminin as evidenced by trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability assays. Increased barrier resistance with laminin addition was associated with upregulation of Claudin-18, E-cadherin, and junction adhesion molecule (JAM)-A, and stabilization of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 at junction complexes. The Epac/Rap1 pathway was observed to play a role in the ECM-mediated barrier function determined by protein expression and Epac inhibition. These findings revealed potential ECM coatings and molecular therapeutic targets for improved regeneration with decellularized scaffolds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Efforts to produce a transplantable organ-scale biomaterial for lung regeneration has not been entirely successful to date, due to incomplete cell-cell junction formation, ultimately leading to severe edema in vivo. To fully understand the process of alveolar junction formation on ECM-derived biomaterials, this research has characterized and tailored decellularized ECM (dECM) to mitigate reductions in barrier strength or cell attachment caused by abnormal ECM compositions or detergent damage to dECM. These results indicate that laminin-driven Epac signaling plays a vital role in the stabilization of the alveolar barrier. Addition of laminin or Epac agonists during alveolar regeneration can reduce epithelial permeability within bioengineered lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St, Room 1071, Richmond, VA 23219, United States
| | - Keerthana Shankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St, Room 1071, Richmond, VA 23219, United States
| | - Cindy K Tho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St, Room 1071, Richmond, VA 23219, United States
| | - Amanda R Pellegrino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Nursing, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Rebecca L Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St, Room 1071, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 East Marshall St, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.
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Yanagiya M, Kitano K, Yotsumoto T, Takai D, Asahina H, Nagayama K, Nakajima J. Effect of normal saline flush injection into a bronchus on lung decellularization. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:5321-5327. [PMID: 32030249 PMCID: PMC6988010 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.11.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of normal saline flush injection into bronchus on creation of decellularized lung scaffolds. METHODS Pigs were used: 3 lung grafts for decellularization with pre-treatment of normal saline injection into a bronchus, 3 for decellularization without pre-treatment and 3 treated as normal controls. We compared the characteristics of lung scaffolds created by each method. RESULTS The pretreatment procedure significantly reduced the DNA content of lung grafts, suggesting effective removal of cellular components. However, this pretreatment also reduced the elastin contents of lung grafts. CONCLUSIONS Considering this characteristic of saline pretreatment, we must continue to look for better methods to produce ideal decellularized lung grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yanagiya
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kitano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Yotsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiya Takai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Asahina
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagayama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
As the prevalence and impact of lung diseases continue to increase worldwide, new therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. Advances in lung-regenerative medicine, a broad field encompassing stem cells, cell-based therapies, and a range of bioengineering approaches, offer new insights into and new techniques for studying lung physiology and pathophysiology. This provides a platform for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Applicability to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of recent advances and applications in cell-based therapies, predominantly those with mesenchymal stromal cell-based approaches, and bioengineering approaches for lung diseases are reviewed.
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Lung bioengineering: advances and challenges in lung decellularization and recellularization. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2019; 23:673-678. [PMID: 30300330 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bioengineering the lung based on its natural extracellular matrix (ECM) offers novel opportunities to overcome the shortage of donors, to reduce chronic allograft rejections, and to improve the median survival rate of transplanted patients. During the last decade, lung tissue engineering has advanced rapidly to combine scaffolds, cells, and biologically active molecules into functional tissues to restore or improve the lung's main function, gas exchange. This review will inspect the current progress in lung bioengineering using decellularized and recellularized lung scaffolds and highlight future challenges in the field. RECENT FINDINGS Lung decellularization and recellularization protocols have provided researchers with tools to progress toward functional lung tissue engineering. However, there is continuous evolution and refinement particularly for optimization of lung recellularization. These further the possibility of developing a transplantable bioartificial lung. SUMMARY Bioengineering the lung using recellularized scaffolds could offer a curative option for patients with end-stage organ failure but its accomplishment remains unclear in the short-term. However, the state-of-the-art of techniques described in this review will increase our knowledge of the lung ECM and of chemical and mechanical cues which drive cell repopulation to improve the advances in lung regeneration and lung tissue engineering.
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