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Ghanbari A, Ghasemi S, Zarbakhsh S. Exercise induced myelin protein zero improvement in neuropathic pain rats. Somatosens Mot Res 2023; 40:141-146. [PMID: 36630644 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2022.2158800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aerobic exercise including swimming plays a suitable role in improving somatosensory injuries. Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition that occurs following injury or diseases of somatosensory system. In the present study, we tried to investigate the effect of exercise on myelin protein zero of sciatic nerve injured rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male rats (180-220 g) were divided into five groups (intact, sham, sham + exercise, neuropathy, and neuropathy + exercise). Right Sciatic nerve of anesthetized rats was exposed and loosely ligated (four ligations with 1 mm apart) using catgut chromic sutures to induce neuropathy. After 3 days of recovery, swimming exercise began (20 min/day/5 days a week/4 weeks). Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were detected using Von Frey filaments and plantar test, respectively. Sciatic nerve at the place of injury was dissected out to measure the myelin protein zero by western blot analysis. In the intact and sham groups, sciatic nerve removed at the place similar to injured group. RESULTS We found that neuropathy significantly (p < 0.05) reduced paw withdrawal mechanical and thermal thresholds and swimming exercise significantly (p < 0.05) increased paw withdrawal mechanical and thermal thresholds compared to the neuropathy group. Moreover, we found that MPZ level significantly (p < 0.01) decreased in neuropathy group against that in sham group, and exercise prominently (p < 0.05) reversed MPZ level towards control level. CONCLUSIONS Swimming exercise improves myelin protein zero level in neuropathic rats along with attenuating neuropathic pain. This is a promising approach in improving neuropathological disorders including Charcot-Marie-Tooth and Dejerine-Sottas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghanbari
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sahar Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sam Zarbakhsh
- Nervous System Stem Cell Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of anatomical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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2
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Yoshioka Y, Taniguchi JB, Homma H, Tamura T, Fujita K, Inotsume M, Tagawa K, Misawa K, Matsumoto N, Nakagawa M, Inoue H, Tanaka H, Okazawa H. AAV-mediated editing of PMP22 rescues Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A features in patient-derived iPS Schwann cells. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:170. [PMID: 38017287 PMCID: PMC10684506 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is one of the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathies caused by duplication of 1.5 Mb genome region including PMP22 gene. We aimed to correct the duplication in human CMT1A patient-derived iPS cells (CMT1A-iPSCs) by genome editing and intended to analyze the effect on Schwann cells differentiated from CMT1A-iPSCs. METHODS We designed multiple gRNAs targeting a unique sequence present at two sites that sandwich only a single copy of duplicated peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) genes, and selected one of them (gRNA3) from screening their efficiencies by T7E1 mismatch detection assay. AAV2-hSaCas9-gRNAedit was generated by subcloning gRNA3 into pX601-AAV-CMV plasmid, and the genome editing AAV vector was infected to CMT1A-iPSCs or CMT1A-iPSC-derived Schwann cell precursors. The effect of the genome editing AAV vector on myelination was evaluated by co-immunostaining of myelin basic protein (MBP), a marker of mature myelin, and microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP2), a marker of neurites or by electron microscopy. RESULTS Here we show that infection of CMT1A-iPS cells (iPSCs) with AAV2-hSaCas9-gRNAedit expressing both hSaCas9 and gRNA targeting the tandem repeat sequence decreased PMP22 gene duplication by 20-40%. Infection of CMT1A-iPSC-derived Schwann cell precursors with AAV2-hSaCas9-gRNAedit normalized PMP22 mRNA and PMP22 protein expression levels, and also ameliorated increased apoptosis and impaired myelination in CMT1A-iPSC-derived Schwann cells. CONCLUSIONS In vivo transfer of AAV2-hSaCas9-gRNAedit to peripheral nerves could be a potential therapeutic modality for CMT1A patient after careful examinations of toxicity including off-target mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshioka
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Juliana Bosso Taniguchi
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidenori Homma
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Tamura
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kyota Fujita
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Maiko Inotsume
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tagawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Misawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakagawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Drug-discovery cellular basis development team, RIKEN BioResource Center, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hikari Tanaka
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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León M, Prieto J, Molina-Navarro MM, García-García F, Barneo-Muñoz M, Ponsoda X, Sáez R, Palau F, Dopazo J, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Torres J. Rapid degeneration of iPSC-derived motor neurons lacking Gdap1 engages a mitochondrial-sustained innate immune response. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:217. [PMID: 37393339 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a chronic hereditary motor and sensory polyneuropathy targeting Schwann cells and/or motor neurons. Its multifactorial and polygenic origin portrays a complex clinical phenotype of the disease with a wide range of genetic inheritance patterns. The disease-associated gene GDAP1 encodes for a mitochondrial outer membrane protein. Mouse and insect models with mutations in Gdap1 have reproduced several traits of the human disease. However, the precise function in the cell types affected by the disease remains unknown. Here, we use induced-pluripotent stem cells derived from a Gdap1 knockout mouse model to better understand the molecular and cellular phenotypes of the disease caused by the loss-of-function of this gene. Gdap1-null motor neurons display a fragile cell phenotype prone to early degeneration showing (1) altered mitochondrial morphology, with an increase in the fragmentation of these organelles, (2) activation of autophagy and mitophagy, (3) abnormal metabolism, characterized by a downregulation of Hexokinase 2 and ATP5b proteins, (4) increased reactive oxygen species and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, and (5) increased innate immune response and p38 MAP kinase activation. Our data reveals the existence of an underlying Redox-inflammatory axis fueled by altered mitochondrial metabolism in the absence of Gdap1. As this biochemical axis encompasses a wide variety of druggable targets, our results may have implications for developing therapies using combinatorial pharmacological approaches and improving therefore human welfare. A Redox-immune axis underlying motor neuron degeneration caused by the absence of Gdap1. Our results show that Gdap1-/- motor neurons have a fragile cellular phenotype that is prone to degeneration. Gdap1-/- iPSCs differentiated into motor neurons showed an altered metabolic state: decreased glycolysis and increased OXPHOS. These alterations may lead to hyperpolarization of mitochondria and increased ROS levels. Excessive amounts of ROS might be the cause of increased mitophagy, p38 activation and inflammation as a cellular response to oxidative stress. The p38 MAPK pathway and the immune response may, in turn, have feedback mechanisms, leading to the induction of apoptosis and senescence, respectively. CAC, citric acid cycle; ETC, electronic transport chain; Glc, glucose; Lac, lactate; Pyr, pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian León
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain
| | - Javier Prieto
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - María Micaela Molina-Navarro
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain
| | - Francisco García-García
- Unidad de Bioinformática y Bioestadística, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, València, Spain
| | - Manuela Barneo-Muñoz
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Universidad Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Xavier Ponsoda
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain
| | - Rosana Sáez
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Institut de Recerca and Hospital San Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Altos Labs, 5510 Morehouse Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Josema Torres
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), 46010, València, Spain.
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4
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Kalotay E, Klugmann M, Housley GD, Fröhlich D. Dominant aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase disorders: lessons learned from in vivo disease models. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1182845. [PMID: 37274211 PMCID: PMC10234151 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1182845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) play an essential role in protein synthesis, being responsible for ligating tRNA molecules to their corresponding amino acids in a reaction known as 'tRNA aminoacylation'. Separate ARSs carry out the aminoacylation reaction in the cytosol and in mitochondria, and mutations in almost all ARS genes cause pathophysiology most evident in the nervous system. Dominant mutations in multiple cytosolic ARSs have been linked to forms of peripheral neuropathy including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, distal hereditary motor neuropathy, and spinal muscular atrophy. This review provides an overview of approaches that have been employed to model each of these diseases in vivo, followed by a discussion of the existing animal models of dominant ARS disorders and key mechanistic insights that they have provided. In summary, ARS disease models have demonstrated that loss of canonical ARS function alone cannot fully account for the observed disease phenotypes, and that pathogenic ARS variants cause developmental defects within the peripheral nervous system, despite a typically later onset of disease in humans. In addition, aberrant interactions between mutant ARSs and other proteins have been shown to contribute to the disease phenotypes. These findings provide a strong foundation for future research into this group of diseases, providing methodological guidance for studies on ARS disorders that currently lack in vivo models, as well as identifying candidate therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kalotay
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthias Klugmann
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gary D. Housley
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominik Fröhlich
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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5
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Guan Y, Zhang Y, Shen XM, Zhou L, Shang X, Peng Y, Hu Y, Li W. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease With Episodic Rhabdomyolysis Due to Two Novel Mutations in the β Subunit of Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein and Effective Response to Modified Diet Therapy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:694966. [PMID: 34712195 PMCID: PMC8546186 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.694966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 29-year-old female experienced chronic progressive peripheral neuropathy since childhood and was diagnosed with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) at age 15. She developed recurrent, fever-induced rhabdomyolysis (RM) at age 24. EMG studies showed decreased amplitude of compound muscle action potential, declined motor conductive velocity, and absence of sensor nerve action potential. Acylcarnitine analysis revealed elevated C16-OH, C18-OH, and C18:1-OH. Muscle biopsy showed scattered foci of necrotic myofibers invaded by macrophages, occasional regenerating fibers, and remarkable muscle fiber type grouping. Whole-exome sequencing identified two novel heterozygous mutations: c.490G>A (p.G164S) and c.686G>A (p.R229Q) in HADHB gene encoding the β-subunit of mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP). Reduction of long-chain fatty acid via dietary restrictions alleviated symptoms effectively. Our study indicates that the defect of the MTP β-subunit accounts for both CMT and RM in the same patient and expands the clinical spectrum of disorders caused by the HADHB mutations. Our systematic review of all MTPD patients with dietary treatment indicates that the effect of dietary treatment is related to the age of onset and the severity of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Guan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ming Shen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Shang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Wong FC, Ye L, Demir IE, Kahlert C. Schwann cell-derived exosomes: Janus-faced mediators of regeneration and disease. Glia 2021; 70:20-34. [PMID: 34519370 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs) has contributed to the regenerative potential of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but also pathological processes. This double-sided effect has led to an increasing attention to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes in SCs to examine the intercellular communication between SCs and their surroundings. Here, we first describe the current knowledge of SC and EV biology, which forms the basis for the updates on advances in SC-derived exosomes research. We seek to explore in-depth the exosome-mediated molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of SCs and their microenvironment. This review concludes with potential applications of SC-derived exosomes as delivery vehicles for therapeutics and biomarkers. The goal of this review is to emphasize the crucial role of SC-derived exosomes in the functional integration of the PNS, highlighting an emerging area in which there is much to explore and re-explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng Wong
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linhan Ye
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Munich, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Munich, Germany.,Else Kröner Clinician Scientist Professor for "Translational Pancreatic Surgery
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany
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7
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Dysregulation of myelin synthesis and actomyosin function underlies aberrant myelin in CMT4B1 neuropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2009469118. [PMID: 33653949 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009469118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4B1 (CMT4B1) is a severe autosomal recessive demyelinating neuropathy with childhood onset, caused by loss-of-function mutations in the myotubularin-related 2 (MTMR2) gene. MTMR2 is a ubiquitously expressed catalytically active 3-phosphatase, which in vitro dephosphorylates the 3-phosphoinositides PtdIns3P and PtdIns(3,5)P 2, with a preference for PtdIns(3,5)P 2 A hallmark of CMT4B1 neuropathy are redundant loops of myelin in the nerve termed myelin outfoldings, which can be considered the consequence of altered growth of myelinated fibers during postnatal development. How MTMR2 loss and the resulting imbalance of 3'-phosphoinositides cause CMT4B1 is unknown. Here we show that MTMR2 by regulating PtdIns(3,5)P 2 levels coordinates mTORC1-dependent myelin synthesis and RhoA/myosin II-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics to promote myelin membrane expansion and longitudinal myelin growth. Consistent with this, pharmacological inhibition of PtdIns(3,5)P 2 synthesis or mTORC1/RhoA signaling ameliorates CMT4B1 phenotypes. Our data reveal a crucial role for MTMR2-regulated lipid turnover to titrate mTORC1 and RhoA signaling thereby controlling myelin growth.
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Pereira JA, Gerber J, Ghidinelli M, Gerber D, Tortola L, Ommer A, Bachofner S, Santarella F, Tinelli E, Lin S, Rüegg MA, Kopf M, Toyka KV, Suter U. Mice carrying an analogous heterozygous dynamin 2 K562E mutation that causes neuropathy in humans develop predominant characteristics of a primary myopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1253-1273. [PMID: 32129442 PMCID: PMC7254847 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some mutations affecting dynamin 2 (DNM2) can cause dominantly inherited Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. Here, we describe the analysis of mice carrying the DNM2 K562E mutation which has been associated with dominant-intermediate CMT type B (CMTDIB). Contrary to our expectations, heterozygous DNM2 K562E mutant mice did not develop definitive signs of an axonal or demyelinating neuropathy. Rather, we found a primary myopathy-like phenotype in these mice. A likely interpretation of these results is that the lack of a neuropathy in this mouse model has allowed the unmasking of a primary myopathy due to the DNM2 K562E mutation which might be overshadowed by the neuropathy in humans. Consequently, we hypothesize that a primary myopathy may also contribute to the disease mechanism in some CMTDIB patients. We propose that these findings should be considered in the evaluation of patients, the determination of the underlying disease processes and the development of tailored potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Pereira
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Gerber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Ghidinelli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Gerber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Tortola
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Ommer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Bachofner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Santarella
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Tinelli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shuo Lin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Rüegg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus V Toyka
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ueli Suter
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Schorling E, Senn KC, Thiele S, Gumbert L, Krause S, Schreiber-Katz O, Walter MC, Reilich P, Nagels KH. Health-related Quality of Life and Satisfaction with German Health Care Services in Patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 9:211-220. [PMID: 34057093 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundCharcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathies entail a large group of diseases with different gene mutation patterns, which produce heterogeneous phenotypes. Although health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is significantly impaired, a comprehensive assessment of HRQOL in CMT patients in Germany considering phenotypical heterogeneity represented a research gap.ObjectiveThe aim was to assess HRQOL and the satisfaction with health care in CMT patients in Germany.MethodsCMT patients > 15 years with a genetically confirmed CMT subtype were recruited through a national CMT patient registry. HRQOL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Furthermore, subjective impairments in daily or work activities and satisfaction with health care were assessed using 4-point scales.ResultsHRQOL in CMT patients (n = 385) was impaired compared to the German population. Most patients reported problems in the dimension mobility (89.6%), pain/discomfort (89.4%) and usual activities (81.0%). Except for patients with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP), we found no differences in HRQOL between the CMT subtypes. 72.0%of CMT patients were satisfied with available health care services. However, patients reported to expect more CMT-specific knowledge and support as well as easier prescription and cost coverage procedures from health professionals and insurances.ConclusionsThe patient-reported outcomes in the assessed CMT cohort elucidate the need for more specific health care services that also address the heterogeneous phenotypes. Although the assessment has been limited to the German health services setting, insights may be applicable to CMT-specific care in other national settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schorling
- University of Bayreuth, Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Sciences, Bayreuth, Germany.,Max Rubner-Institute, Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Katja C Senn
- University of Bayreuth, Chair of Healthcare Management and Health Services Research, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Simone Thiele
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Gumbert
- University of Bayreuth, Chair of Healthcare Management and Health Services Research, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabine Krause
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maggie C Walter
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Reilich
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus H Nagels
- University of Bayreuth, Chair of Healthcare Management and Health Services Research, Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Vinogradova ES, Nikonov OS, Nikonova EY. Associations between Neurological Diseases and Mutations in the Human Glycyl-tRNA Synthetase. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:S12-S23. [PMID: 33827397 PMCID: PMC7905983 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921140029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-RNA synthetases (aaRSs) are among the key enzymes of protein biosynthesis. They are responsible for conducting the first step in the protein biosynthesis, namely attaching amino acids to the corresponding tRNA molecules both in cytoplasm and mitochondria. More and more research demonstrates that mutations in the genes encoding aaRSs lead to the development of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as incurable Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) and distal spinal muscular atrophy. Some mutations result in the loss of tRNA aminoacylation activity, while other mutants retain their classical enzyme activity. In the latter case, disease manifestations are associated with additional neuron-specific functions of aaRSs. At present, seven aaRSs (GlyRS, TyrRS, AlaRS, HisRS, TrpRS, MetRS, and LysRS) are known to be involved in the CMT etiology with glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) being the most studied of them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleg S Nikonov
- Institute of Protein Research, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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11
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Shi J, Zhao F, Pang X, Huang S, Wang J, Chang X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Guo J, Zhang W. Whole-exome sequencing identifies a heterozygous mutation in SLC12A6 associated with hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 31:149-157. [PMID: 33323309 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) represents a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Biallelic variants in SLC12A6 have been reported as the cause of autosomal-recessive (AR) hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with agenesis of the corpus callosum (HMSN/ACC). Here we identified an autosomal-dominant (AD) heterozygous mutation in SLC12A6 in a Chinese patient with intermediate CMT. The patient presented with slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy. Electrophysiological examination showed a mixed axonal/demyelinating neuropathy. Cognition and brain MRI were normal. A single heterozygous missense mutation c.620G>A (p.R207H) in exon 5 of SLC12A6 was identified as the likely pathogenic mutation by whole-exome sequencing consistent with two previously published cases. It affects evolutionarily highly conserved amino acid residue and is predicted to be deleterious by using in silico tools. Modelling of the mutant KCC3 cotransporter showed altered formation of hydrogen bonds and weakened interaction force between the mutated site and its surrounding amino acid residues. Our findings expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum associated with SLC12A6 mutations from AR-HMSN/ACC to AD-CMT. The differences in the inheritance pattern might be associated with a dominant-negative pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Shi
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Pang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Xueli Chang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Yanming Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, PR China.
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12
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Cannarella R, Burgio G, Vicari ES, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE. Urogenital dysfunction in male patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth: a systematic review. Aging Male 2020; 23:377-381. [PMID: 30064288 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1491543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most common inherited polyneuropathy. Polyneuropathies are likely to affect the urogenital system. Urogenital dysfunction is rarely investigated and may be underestimated in CMT patients. AIM The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to collect all the available evidence on the presence of urogenital dysfunction and in patients with CMT. METHODS Data sources were MEDLINE, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. All types of studies describing the presence of lower urinary tract dysfunction, erectile dysfunction (ED), anejaculation, and other sexual disorders in male patients with CMT were included. RESULTS Among 131 records identified, five articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Lower urinary tract dysfunction, neurogenic bladder, ED, and other sexual dysfunctions have been reported in patients with CMT. One case of anejaculation has been described. CONCLUSION Urogenital dysfunction occurs in patients with CMT. Therefore, uro-andrologic counseling should be performed in the aging male with CMT. This might positively impact on his quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Burgio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Enzo S Vicari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Gutierrez Ruiz C, Mateu Arrom L, Mayordomo O, Martínez Barea V, Palou Redorta J, Errando Smet C. Urodynamic findings in Charcot-Marie-Tooth patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Actas Urol Esp 2020; 44:34-40. [PMID: 31818493 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to describe the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urodynamic findings in Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease patients referred to our Urology Department. METHODS Retrospective study of those patients with CMT disease diagnosed at the Neurology Department of our Tertiary Hospital and referred to our Urology Department since 2008 due to LUTS. We reviewed their clinical charts regarding the age at CMT disease diagnosis, type of CMT disease and the presence of other comorbidities which could cause LUTS. We collected data on the characterization of LUTS, findings of neurological examination and urodynamic findings. RESULTS Seven patients were referred to our department due to the presence of LUTS. They were 3 male and 4 female, with median age at the moment of LUTS onset of 55 (29-67) years and median time from the diagnosis of the neuropathy to the onset of LUTS was 14 (1-37) years. Voiding symptoms were referred by 5 patients and urinary incontinence by 3 patients. Two patients presented recurrent urinary tract infection. Six urodynamic tests were performed which showed a neurogenic acontractile detrusor in 2 patients, detrusor underactivity in one patient, a delayed opening time in one patient, a neurogenic detrusor overactivity in one patient and a urodynamic stress incontinence in one patient. In one patient the urodynamic test was normal. CONCLUSIONS Most of CMT patients with LUTS complained from voiding symptoms. Several urodynamic findings could be observed mostly during the voiding phase. We recommend performing urodynamic tests in CMT patients presenting with LUTS seeking for treatment or in those with related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gutierrez Ruiz
- Departamento de Urodinámica y Urología Funcional, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, España
| | - L Mateu Arrom
- Departamento de Urodinámica y Urología Funcional, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, España.
| | - O Mayordomo
- Departamento de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, España
| | - V Martínez Barea
- Departamento de Urodinámica y Urología Funcional, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, España
| | - J Palou Redorta
- Departamento de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, España
| | - C Errando Smet
- Departamento de Urodinámica y Urología Funcional, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, España
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CMT disease severity correlates with mutation-induced open conformation of histidyl-tRNA synthetase, not aminoacylation loss, in patient cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19440-19448. [PMID: 31501329 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908288116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs) are the largest protein family causatively linked to neurodegenerative Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. Dominant mutations cause the disease, and studies of CMT disease-causing mutant glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) showed their mutations create neomorphic structures consistent with a gain-of-function mechanism. In contrast, based on a haploid yeast model, loss of aminoacylation function was reported for CMT disease mutants in histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS). However, neither that nor prior work of any CMT disease-causing aaRS investigated the aminoacylation status of tRNAs in the cellular milieu of actual patients. Using an assay that interrogated aminoacylation levels in patient cells, we investigated a HisRS-linked CMT disease family with the most severe disease phenotype. Strikingly, no difference in charged tRNA levels between normal and diseased family members was found. In confirmation, recombinant versions of 4 other HisRS CMT disease-causing mutants showed no correlation between activity loss in vitro and severity of phenotype in vivo. Indeed, a mutation having the most detrimental impact on activity was associated with a mild disease phenotype. In further work, using 3 independent biophysical analyses, structural opening (relaxation) of mutant HisRSs at the dimer interface best correlated with disease severity. In fact, the HisRS mutation in the severely afflicted patient family caused the largest degree of structural relaxation. These data suggest that HisRS-linked CMT disease arises from open conformation-induced mechanisms distinct from loss of aminoacylation.
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Spiesshoefer J, Henke C, Kabitz H, Akova‐Oeztuerk E, Draeger B, Herkenrath S, Randerath W, Young P, Brix T, Boentert M. Phrenic nerve involvement and respiratory muscle weakness in patients with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease 1A. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2019; 24:283-293. [DOI: 10.1111/jns.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Spiesshoefer
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Carolin Henke
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Hans‐Joachim Kabitz
- Department of PneumologyCardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Esra Akova‐Oeztuerk
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Bianca Draeger
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Simon Herkenrath
- Bethanien Hospital gGmbH Solingen Solingen Germany
- Institute for Pneumology at the University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Winfried Randerath
- Bethanien Hospital gGmbH Solingen Solingen Germany
- Institute for Pneumology at the University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | | | - Tobias Brix
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Matthias Boentert
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Münster Münster Germany
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He J, Guo L, Lin S, Chen W, Xu G, Cai B, Xu L, Hong J, Qiu L, Wang N, Chen W. ATP1A1mutations cause intermediate Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:2334-2343. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Institute of Life SciencesFuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Guorong Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Liuqing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Jingmei Hong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Liangliang Qiu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Wanjin Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical University Fuzhou China
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Xu JL, Zhang Y, Zhao CY, Jiang PF, Yuan ZF, Yu YL, Xia ZZ, Gao F. [A genotyping study of 13 cases of early-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:670-675. [PMID: 31315766 PMCID: PMC7389102 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics and genetic variation of early-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). METHODS Children with a clinical diagnosis of early-onset CMT were selected for the study. Relevant clinical data were collected, and electromyogram and CMT-related gene detection were performed and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 13 cases of early-onset CMT were enrolled, including 9 males (69%) and 4 females (31%). The mean age at consultation was 4.0±2.1 years. Among them, 12 children (92%) had an age of onset less than 2 years, 9 children (69%) were diagnosed with CMT type 1 (including 6 cases of Dejerine-Sottas syndrome), 1 child (8%) with intermediate form of CMT, and 3 children (23%) with CMT type 2. The genetic test results of these 13 children showed 6 cases (46%) of PMP22 duplication mutation, 3 cases (23%) of MPZ gene insertion mutation and point mutation, 3 cases (23%) of MFN2 gene point mutation, and 1 case (8%) of NEFL gene point mutation. Eleven cases (85%) carried known pathogenic mutations and 2 cases (15%) had novel mutations. The new variant c.394C>G (p.P132A) of the MPZ gene was rated as "possibly pathogenic" and the new variant c.326A>G (p.K109R) of the MFN2 gene was rated as "pathogenic". CONCLUSIONS Early-onset CMT is mainly caused by PMP22 gene duplication mutation and MPZ gene mutations. The clinical phenotype is mainly CMT type 1, among which Dejerine-Sottas syndrome accounts for a considerable proportion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2F (Hsp27 mutations): A review. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104505. [PMID: 31212070 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a commonly inherited form of neuropathy. Although named over 100 years ago, identification of subtypes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth has rapidly expanded in the preceding decades with the advancement of genetic sequencing, including type 2F (CMT2F), due to mutations in heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27). However, despite CMT being one of the most common inherited neurological diseases, definitive mechanistic models of pathology and effective treatments for CMT2F are lacking. This review extensively profiles the published literature on CMT2F and distal hereditary motor neuropathy II (dHMN II), a similar neuropathy with exclusively motor symptoms that is also due to mutations in Hsp27. This includes a review of case reports and sequencing studies detailing disease course. Included are tables listing of all known published mutations of Hsp27 that cause symptoms of CMT2F and dHMN II. Furthermore, pathological mechanisms are assessed. While many groups have established pathologies relating to defective chaperone function, cellular neurofilament and microtubule structure and function, and mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction, there are still discrepancies in results between different model systems. Moreover, initial mouse models have also produced promising results with similar phenotypes to humans, however discrepancies still exist. Both patient-focused and scientific studies have demonstrated variability in phenotypes even considering specific mutations. Given the clinical heterogeneity in presentation, CMT2F and dHMN II likely result from similar pathological mechanisms of the same general disease process that may present distinctly due to other genetic and environment influences. Determining how these influences exert their effects to produce pathology contributing to the disease phenotype will be a major future challenge ahead in the field.
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PMP22-related disease: A novel splice site acceptor variant and intrafamilial phenotype variability. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 29:422-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Pareyson D, Stojkovic T, Reilly MM, Leonard-Louis S, Laurà M, Blake J, Parman Y, Battaloglu E, Tazir M, Bellatache M, Bonello-Palot N, Lévy N, Sacconi S, Guimarães-Costa R, Attarian S, Latour P, Solé G, Megarbane A, Horvath R, Ricci G, Choi BO, Schenone A, Gemelli C, Geroldi A, Sabatelli M, Luigetti M, Santoro L, Manganelli F, Quattrone A, Valentino P, Murakami T, Scherer SS, Dankwa L, Shy ME, Bacon CJ, Herrmann DN, Zambon A, Tramacere I, Pisciotta C, Magri S, Previtali SC, Bolino A. A multicenter retrospective study of charcot-marie-tooth disease type 4B (CMT4B) associated with mutations in myotubularin-related proteins (MTMRs). Ann Neurol 2019; 86:55-67. [PMID: 31070812 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease 4B1 and 4B2 (CMT4B1/B2) are characterized by recessive inheritance, early onset, severe course, slowed nerve conduction, and myelin outfoldings. CMT4B3 shows a more heterogeneous phenotype. All are associated with myotubularin-related protein (MTMR) mutations. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective study to better characterize CMT4B. METHODS We collected clinical and genetic data from CMT4B subjects in 18 centers using a predefined minimal data set including Medical Research Council (MRC) scores of nine muscle pairs and CMT Neuropathy Score. RESULTS There were 50 patients, 21 of whom never reported before, carrying 44 mutations, of which 21 were novel and six representing novel disease associations of known rare variants. CMT4B1 patients had significantly more-severe disease than CMT4B2, with earlier onset, more-frequent motor milestones delay, wheelchair use, and respiratory involvement as well as worse MRC scores and motor CMT Examination Score components despite younger age at examination. Vocal cord involvement was common in both subtypes, whereas glaucoma occurred in CMT4B2 only. Nerve conduction velocities were similarly slowed in both subtypes. Regression analyses showed that disease severity is significantly associated with age in CMT4B1. Slopes are steeper for CMT4B1, indicating faster disease progression. Almost none of the mutations in the MTMR2 and MTMR13 genes, responsible for CMT4B1 and B2, respectively, influence the correlation between disease severity and age, in agreement with the hypothesis of a complete loss of function of MTMR2/13 proteins for such mutations. INTERPRETATION This is the largest CMT4B series ever reported, demonstrating that CMT4B1 is significantly more severe than CMT4B2, and allowing an estimate of prognosis. ANN NEUROL 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Leonard-Louis
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - Matilde Laurà
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Blake
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Yesim Parman
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Dep. Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Battaloglu
- Bogazici University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meriem Tazir
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neurosciences Service de Neurologie, CHU, Alger, Algeria
| | - Mounia Bellatache
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neurosciences Service de Neurologie, CHU, Alger, Algeria
| | - Nathalie Bonello-Palot
- Department of Medical Genetics, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.2, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.2, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Sabrina Sacconi
- Université Côte d'Azur, Service Système Nerveux Périphérique, Muscle et SLA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Raquel Guimarães-Costa
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - Sharham Attarian
- Reference center for neuromuscular disorders and ALS, CHU La Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Latour
- Center of Biology and Pathology Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Hospices Civils, Lyon, France
| | - Guilhem Solé
- Reference center for neuromuscular disorders AOC (Atlantique Occitanie Caraibes), CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - André Megarbane
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France.,INOVIE, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Angelo Schenone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and MATERNAL Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, and IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Gemelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and MATERNAL Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, and IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Geroldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and MATERNAL Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, and IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS. Centro Clinico Nemo Adulti Rome, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Sede di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Luigetti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Sede di Roma, Rome, Italy.,UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Santoro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Quattrone
- Department of Neurology, Università Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Valentino
- Department of Neurology, Università Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lois Dankwa
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA
| | - Chelsea J Bacon
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA
| | | | - Alberto Zambon
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Tramacere
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pisciotta
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Magri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano C Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bolino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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21
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Novel GDAP1 Mutation in a Vietnamese Family with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7132494. [PMID: 31179332 PMCID: PMC6507255 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7132494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Mutations of GDAP1 gene cause autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and over 80 different mutations have been identified so far. This study analyzed the clinical and genetic characteristics of a Vietnamese CMT family that was affected by a novel GDAP1 mutation. Methods We present three children of a family with progressive weakness, mild sensory loss, and absent tendon reflexes. Electrodiagnostic analyses displayed an axonal type of neuropathy in affected patients. Sequencing of GDAP1 gene was requested for all members of the family. Results All affected individuals manifested identical clinical symptoms of motor and sensory impairments within the first three years of life, and nerve conduction study indicated the axonal degeneration. A homozygous GDAP1 variant (c.667_671dup) was found in the three affected children as recessive inheritance pattern. The mutation leads to a premature termination codon that shortens GDAP1 protein (p.Gln224Hisfs∗37). Further testing showed heterozygous c.667_671dup variant in the parents. Discussion Our study expands the mutational spectrum of GDAP1-related CMT disease with the new and unreported GDAP1 variant. Alterations in GDAP1 gene should be evaluated as CMT causing variants in the Vietnamese population, predominantly axonal form of neuropathy in CMT disease.
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22
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Schorling E, Thiele S, Gumbert L, Krause S, Klug C, Schreiber-Katz O, Reilich P, Nagels K, Walter MC. Cost of illness in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy: Results from Germany. Neurology 2019; 92:e2027-e2037. [PMID: 30918088 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess cost associated with the disease-specific need of patients diagnosed with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies (CMT) in Germany. METHODS Patients with CMT were identified through the national patient registry and invited to complete a standardized questionnaire. The data collected include information about health care use, informal care, and other disease-related expenses as well as the working situation. Based on this information, we estimated the annual cost of CMT from the perspective of society. RESULTS This study included 397 patients with a genetically confirmed CMT diagnosis. We estimated total annual cost of illness (COI) of $22,362 (95% CI $19,464-$25,723) per patient, of which 67.3% were direct costs. The highest single cost factor was informal care cost. For Germany, we extrapolated total cost of CMT of $735.0 million ($639.8 million-$845.5 million). Multivariate regression analysis showed that total annual cost increased with disease severity (Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score). Age, CMT subtype, comorbidities, body mass index, and employment status were also predictors of a change in cost (p < 0.05). Moreover, we found differences in total cost depending on marital status, subjectively evaluated impairments, dependence on other persons, care level, educational level, and disease duration. CONCLUSIONS CMT is associated with a substantial economic burden. For the first time, the COI of CMT has been assessed and will serve as important input to decision-making in health policy, especially regarding research and development of therapies. Moreover, our results indicate the importance of the patient-reported perception of disease severity related to the consumption of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schorling
- From the Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Sciences (E.S., C.K.) and Healthcare Management and Health Services Research (L.G., K.N.), University of Bayreuth; Department of Neurology (S.T., S.K., P.R., M.C.W.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; and Department of Neurology (O.S.-K.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Simone Thiele
- From the Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Sciences (E.S., C.K.) and Healthcare Management and Health Services Research (L.G., K.N.), University of Bayreuth; Department of Neurology (S.T., S.K., P.R., M.C.W.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; and Department of Neurology (O.S.-K.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Laura Gumbert
- From the Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Sciences (E.S., C.K.) and Healthcare Management and Health Services Research (L.G., K.N.), University of Bayreuth; Department of Neurology (S.T., S.K., P.R., M.C.W.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; and Department of Neurology (O.S.-K.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Sabine Krause
- From the Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Sciences (E.S., C.K.) and Healthcare Management and Health Services Research (L.G., K.N.), University of Bayreuth; Department of Neurology (S.T., S.K., P.R., M.C.W.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; and Department of Neurology (O.S.-K.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Constanze Klug
- From the Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Sciences (E.S., C.K.) and Healthcare Management and Health Services Research (L.G., K.N.), University of Bayreuth; Department of Neurology (S.T., S.K., P.R., M.C.W.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; and Department of Neurology (O.S.-K.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Olivia Schreiber-Katz
- From the Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Sciences (E.S., C.K.) and Healthcare Management and Health Services Research (L.G., K.N.), University of Bayreuth; Department of Neurology (S.T., S.K., P.R., M.C.W.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; and Department of Neurology (O.S.-K.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Peter Reilich
- From the Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Sciences (E.S., C.K.) and Healthcare Management and Health Services Research (L.G., K.N.), University of Bayreuth; Department of Neurology (S.T., S.K., P.R., M.C.W.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; and Department of Neurology (O.S.-K.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Klaus Nagels
- From the Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Sciences (E.S., C.K.) and Healthcare Management and Health Services Research (L.G., K.N.), University of Bayreuth; Department of Neurology (S.T., S.K., P.R., M.C.W.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; and Department of Neurology (O.S.-K.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Maggie C Walter
- From the Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Sciences (E.S., C.K.) and Healthcare Management and Health Services Research (L.G., K.N.), University of Bayreuth; Department of Neurology (S.T., S.K., P.R., M.C.W.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; and Department of Neurology (O.S.-K.), Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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23
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Pharmacologic normalization of pathogenic dosage underlying genetic diseases: an overview of the literature and path forward. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:53-62. [PMID: 33523192 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most monogenic disorders are caused by a pathologic deficit or excess of a single transcript and/or protein. Given that small molecules, including drugs, can affect levels of mRNA and protein, the pharmacologic normalization of such pathogenic dosage represents a possible therapeutic approach for such conditions. Here, we review the literature exploring pharmacologic modulation of mRNA and/or protein levels for disorders with paralogous modifier genes, for haploinsufficient disorders (insufficient gene-product), as well as toxic gain-of-function disorders (surplus or pathologic gene-product). We also discuss challenges facing the development of rare disease therapy by pharmacologic modulation of mRNA and protein. Finally, we lay out guiding principles for selection of disorders which may be amenable to this approach.
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24
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Gerber D, Ghidinelli M, Tinelli E, Somandin C, Gerber J, Pereira JA, Ommer A, Figlia G, Miehe M, Nägeli LG, Suter V, Tadini V, Sidiropoulos PN, Wessig C, Toyka KV, Suter U. Schwann cells, but not Oligodendrocytes, Depend Strictly on Dynamin 2 Function. eLife 2019; 8:42404. [PMID: 30648534 PMCID: PMC6335055 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination requires extensive plasma membrane rearrangements, implying that molecules controlling membrane dynamics play prominent roles. The large GTPase dynamin 2 (DNM2) is a well-known regulator of membrane remodeling, membrane fission, and vesicular trafficking. Here, we genetically ablated Dnm2 in Schwann cells (SCs) and in oligodendrocytes of mice. Dnm2 deletion in developing SCs resulted in severely impaired axonal sorting and myelination onset. Induced Dnm2 deletion in adult SCs caused a rapidly-developing peripheral neuropathy with abundant demyelination. In both experimental settings, mutant SCs underwent prominent cell death, at least partially due to cytokinesis failure. Strikingly, when Dnm2 was deleted in adult SCs, non-recombined SCs still expressing DNM2 were able to remyelinate fast and efficiently, accompanied by neuropathy remission. These findings reveal a remarkable self-healing capability of peripheral nerves that are affected by SC loss. In the central nervous system, however, we found no major defects upon Dnm2 deletion in oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gerber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Ghidinelli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Tinelli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Somandin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Gerber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge A Pereira
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Ommer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Figlia
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Miehe
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas G Nägeli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Suter
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Tadini
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Páris Nm Sidiropoulos
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Wessig
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus V Toyka
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ueli Suter
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Wei N, Zhang Q, Yang XL. Neurodegenerative Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease as a case study to decipher novel functions of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5321-5339. [PMID: 30643024 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev118.002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essential enzymes that catalyze the first reaction in protein biosynthesis, namely the charging of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) with their cognate amino acids. aaRSs have been increasingly implicated in dominantly and recessively inherited human diseases. The most common aaRS-associated monogenic disorder is the incurable neurodegenerative disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT), caused by dominant mono-allelic mutations in aaRSs. With six currently known members (GlyRS, TyrRS, AlaRS, HisRS, TrpRS, and MetRS), aaRSs represent the largest protein family implicated in CMT etiology. After the initial discovery linking aaRSs to CMT, the field has progressed from understanding whether impaired tRNA charging is a critical component of this disease to elucidating the specific pathways affected by CMT-causing mutations in aaRSs. Although many aaRS CMT mutants result in loss of tRNA aminoacylation function, animal genetics studies demonstrated that dominant mutations in GlyRS cause CMT through toxic gain-of-function effects, which also may apply to other aaRS-linked CMT subtypes. The CMT-causing mechanism is likely to be multifactorial and involves multiple cellular compartments, including the nucleus and the extracellular space, where the normal WT enzymes also appear. Thus, the association of aaRSs with neuropathy is relevant to discoveries indicating that aaRSs also have nonenzymatic regulatory functions that coordinate protein synthesis with other biological processes. Through genetic, functional, and structural analyses, commonalities among different mutations and different aaRS-linked CMT subtypes have begun to emerge, providing insights into the nonenzymatic functions of aaRSs and the pathogenesis of aaRS-linked CMT to guide therapeutic development to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Qian Zhang
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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26
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Dowling JJ, D. Gonorazky H, Cohn RD, Campbell C. Treating pediatric neuromuscular disorders: The future is now. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:804-841. [PMID: 28889642 PMCID: PMC5900978 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric neuromuscular diseases encompass all disorders with onset in childhood and where the primary area of pathology is in the peripheral nervous system. These conditions are largely genetic in etiology, and only those with a genetic underpinning will be presented in this review. This includes disorders of the anterior horn cell (e.g., spinal muscular atrophy), peripheral nerve (e.g., Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease), the neuromuscular junction (e.g., congenital myasthenic syndrome), and the muscle (myopathies and muscular dystrophies). Historically, pediatric neuromuscular disorders have uniformly been considered to be without treatment possibilities and to have dire prognoses. This perception has gradually changed, starting in part with the discovery and widespread application of corticosteroids for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. At present, several exciting therapeutic avenues are under investigation for a range of conditions, offering the potential for significant improvements in patient morbidities and mortality and, in some cases, curative intervention. In this review, we will present the current state of treatment for the most common pediatric neuromuscular conditions, and detail the treatment strategies with the greatest potential for helping with these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Dowling
- Division of NeurologyHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Program for Genetics and Genome BiologyHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Ronald D. Cohn
- Program for Genetics and Genome BiologyHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Craig Campbell
- Department of PediatricsClinical Neurological SciencesEpidemiologyWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
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27
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Muhammad AKMG, Kim K, Epifantseva I, Aghamaleky-Sarvestany A, Simpkinson ME, Carmona S, Landeros J, Bell S, Svaren J, Baloh RH. Cell transplantation strategies for acquired and inherited disorders of peripheral myelin. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:186-200. [PMID: 29468179 PMCID: PMC5817839 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate transplantation of rat Schwann cells or human iPSC-derived neural crest cells and derivatives into models of acquired and inherited peripheral myelin damage. Methods Primary cultured rat Schwann cells labeled with a fluorescent protein for monitoring at various times after transplantation. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated into neural crest stem cells, and subsequently toward a Schwann cell lineage via two different protocols. Cell types were characterized using flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and transcriptomics. Rat Schwann cells and human iPSC derivatives were transplanted into (1) nude rats pretreated with lysolecithin to induce demyelination or (2) a transgenic rat model of dysmyelination due to PMP22 overexpression. Results Rat Schwann cells transplanted into sciatic nerves with either toxic demyelination or genetic dysmyelination engrafted successfully, and migrated longitudinally for relatively long distances, with more limited axial migration. Transplanted Schwann cells engaged existing axons and displaced dysfunctional Schwann cells to form normal-appearing myelin. Human iPSC-derived neural crest stem cells and their derivatives shared similar engraftment and migration characteristics to rat Schwann cells after transplantation, but did not further differentiate into Schwann cells or form myelin. Interpretation These results indicate that cultured Schwann cells surgically delivered to peripheral nerve can engraft and form myelin in either acquired or inherited myelin injury, as proof of concept for pursuing cell therapy for diseases of peripheral nerve. However, lack of reliable technology for generating human iPSC-derived Schwann cells for transplantation therapy remains a barrier in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M G Muhammad
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Kevin Kim
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Irina Epifantseva
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Arwin Aghamaleky-Sarvestany
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Megan E Simpkinson
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Sharon Carmona
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Jesse Landeros
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Shaughn Bell
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center and Department of Comparative Biosciences University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706
| | - Robert H Baloh
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048.,Department of Neurology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
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28
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Hakonen JE, Sorrentino V, Avagliano Trezza R, de Wissel MB, van den Berg M, Bleijlevens B, van Ruissen F, Distel B, Baas F, Zelcer N, Weterman MAJ. LRSAM1-mediated ubiquitylation is disrupted in axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2P. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2034-2041. [PMID: 28335037 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 2 is a genetically heterogeneous group of inherited neuropathies characterized by motor and sensory deficits as a result of peripheral axonal degeneration. We recently reported a frameshift (FS) mutation in the Really Interesting New Gene finger (RING) domain of LRSAM1 (c.2121_2122dup, p.Leu708Argfs) that encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as the cause of axonal-type CMT (CMT2P). However, the frequency of LRSAM1 mutations in CMT2 and the functional basis for their association with disease remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated LRSAM1 mutations in two large Dutch cohorts. In the first cohort (n = 107), we sequenced the full LRSAM1 coding exons in an unbiased fashion, and, in the second cohort (n = 468), we specifically sequenced the last, RING-encoding exon in individuals where other CMT-associated genes had been ruled out. We identified a novel LRSAM1 missense mutation (c.2120C > T, p.Pro707Leu) mapping to the RING domain. Based on our genetic analysis, the occurrence of pathogenic LRSAM1 mutations is estimated to be rare. Functional characterization of the FS, the identified missense mutation, as well as of another recently reported pathogenic missense mutation (c.2081G > A, p.Cys694Tyr), revealed that in vitro ubiquitylation activity was largely abrogated. We demonstrate that loss of the E2-E3 interaction that is an essential prerequisite for supporting ubiquitylation of target substrates, underlies this reduced ubiquitylation capacity. In contrast, LRSAM1 dimerization and interaction with the bona fide target TSG101 were not disrupted. In conclusion, our study provides further support for the role of LRSAM1 in CMT and identifies LRSAM1-mediated ubiquitylation as a common determinant of disease-associated LRSAM1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Hakonen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Genome Analysis, Department of Clinical Genetics.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam and
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam and.,Laboratory for integrative and systems physiology, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rossella Avagliano Trezza
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam and
| | | | - Marlene van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam and
| | - Boris Bleijlevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam and
| | | | - Ben Distel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam and
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam and
| | - Marian A J Weterman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Melatonin Treatment Reduces Oxidative Damage and Normalizes Plasma Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients Suffering from Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy: A Pilot Study in Three Children. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101728. [PMID: 29036910 PMCID: PMC6151441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT) is a motor and sensory neuropathy comprising a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases. The CMT1A phenotype is predominant in the 70% of CMT patients, with nerve conduction velocity reduction and hypertrophic demyelination. These patients have elevated oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Currently, there is no effective cure for CMT; herein, we investigated whether melatonin treatment may reduce the inflammatory and oxidative damage in CMT1A patients. Three patients, aged 8–10 years, were treated with melatonin (60 mg at 21:00 h plus 10 mg at 09:00 h), and plasma levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrites (NOx), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, oxidized to reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reductase (GRd), were determined in erythrocytes at 3 and 6 months of treatment. Healthy age- and sex-matched subjects were used as controls. The results showed increased activities of SOD, GST, GPx, and GRd in CMT1A patients, which were reduced at 3 and 6 months of treatment. The GSSG/GSH ratio significantly increased in the patients, returning to control values after melatonin treatment. The inflammatory process was confirmed by the elevation of all proinflammatory cytokines measured, which were also normalized by melatonin. LPO and NOx, which also were elevated in the patients, were normalized by melatonin. The results document beneficial effects of the use of melatonin in CMT1A patients to reduce the hyperoxidative and inflammatory condition, which may correlate with a reduction of the degenerative process.
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30
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van Paassen BW, Bronk M, Verhamme C, van Ruissen F, Baas F, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, de Visser M. Pseudodominant inheritance pattern in a family with CMT2 caused by GDAP1 mutations. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2017; 22:464-467. [PMID: 28837237 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a family in which an autosomal dominantly inherited Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 2 was suspected. The affected family members (proband, sister, father, and paternal aunt) showed intrafamilial clinical variability. The proband needed walking aids since adolescence because of generalized muscle weakness. The sister showed the same symptoms although to a lesser extent. The father and paternal aunt had foot deformity and atrophy of lower legs. A homozygous GDAP1 mutation was found in the proband and in the sister. Further testing showed compound heterozygous GDAP1 mutations in the father and paternal aunt. In this CMT2 family with a pseudodominant inheritance pattern DNA-diagnostics revealed the presence of both homozygous and compound heterozygous GDAP1 mutations. We recommend including multiple family members in genetic studies on CMT families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara W van Paassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Bronk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel Verhamme
- Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred van Ruissen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marianne de Visser
- Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Analysis of neural crest cells from Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease patients demonstrates disease-relevant molecular signature. Neuroreport 2017; 28:814-821. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Jacquier A, Delorme C, Belotti E, Juntas-Morales R, Solé G, Dubourg O, Giroux M, Maurage CA, Castellani V, Rebelo A, Abrams A, Züchner S, Stojkovic T, Schaeffer L, Latour P. Cryptic amyloidogenic elements in mutant NEFH causing Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2 trigger aggresome formation and neuronal death. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:55. [PMID: 28709447 PMCID: PMC5513089 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofilament heavy chain (NEFH) gene was recently identified to cause autosomal dominant axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT2cc). However, the clinical spectrum of this condition and the physio-pathological pathway remain to be delineated. We report 12 patients from two French families with axonal dominantly inherited form of CMT caused by two new mutations in the NEFH gene. A remarkable feature was the early involvement of proximal muscles of the lower limbs associated with pyramidal signs in some patients. Nerve conduction velocity studies indicated a predominantly motor axonal neuropathy. Unique deletions of two nucleotides causing frameshifts near the end of the NEFH coding sequence were identified: in family 1, c.3008_3009del (p.Lys1003Argfs*59), and in family 2 c.3043_3044del (p.Lys1015Glyfs*47). Both frameshifts lead to 40 additional amino acids translation encoding a cryptic amyloidogenic element. Consistently, we show that these mutations cause protein aggregation which are recognised by the autophagic pathway in motoneurons and triggered caspase 3 activation leading to apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Using electroporation of chick embryo spinal cord, we confirm that NEFH mutants form aggregates in vivo and trigger apoptosis of spinal cord neurons. Thus, our results provide a physiological explanation for the overlap between CMT and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinical features in affected patients.
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Charcot Marie Tooth 2B Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy: How Rab7 Mutations Impact NGF Signaling? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020324. [PMID: 28165391 PMCID: PMC5343860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B peripheral sensory neuropathy (CMT2B) is a debilitating autosomal dominant hereditary sensory neuropathy. Patients with this disease lose pain sensation and frequently need amputation. Axonal dysfunction and degeneration of peripheral sensory neurons is a major clinical manifestation of CMT2B. However, the cellular and molecular pathogenic mechanisms remain undefined. CMT2B is caused by missense point mutations (L129F, K157N, N161T/I, V162M) in Rab7 GTPase. Strong evidence suggests that the Rab7 mutation(s) enhances the cellular levels of activated Rab7 proteins, thus resulting in increased lysosomal activity and autophagy. As a consequence, trafficking and signaling of neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF) in the long axons of peripheral sensory neurons are particularly vulnerable to premature degradation. A “gain of toxicity” model has, thus, been proposed based on these observations. However, studies of fly photo-sensory neurons indicate that the Rab7 mutation(s) causes a “loss of function”, resulting in haploinsufficiency. In the review, we summarize experimental evidence for both hypotheses. We argue that better models (rodent animals and human neurons) of CMT2B are needed to precisely define the disease mechanisms.
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Zambon AA, Natali Sora MG, Cantarella G, Cerri F, Quattrini A, Comi G, Previtali SC, Bolino A. Vocal cord paralysis in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4b1 disease associated with a novel mutation in the myotubularin-related protein 2 gene: A case report and review of the literature. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:487-491. [PMID: 28190646 PMCID: PMC5425401 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Vocal cord paralysis is a relevant symptom of Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 4B1. Patients harboring MTMR2 mutations should be investigated for laryngeal function. A new mutation in the MTMR2 gene is described. The frequency of vocal cord paralysis in early-onset CMT subtypes is explored.
Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 4B1 (CMT4B1) is an autosomal recessive motor and sensory demyelinating neuropathy characterized by the association of early-onset neurological symptoms and typical histological findings. The natural history and the clinical variability of the disease are still poorly known, thus further clarification of the different phenotypes is needed. We report on the case of a Pakistani girl born to consanguineous parents harboring a novel mutation in the MTMR2 gene. When aged 18 months, reduced limb tone, muscle wasting associated with proximal and distal weakness prevalent in lower limbs, absence of tendon reflexes, hoarseness and inspiratory stridor were detected. Vocal cord palsy was diagnosed shortly after. We suggest that laryngeal involvement might be a relevant and initial feature of early-onset CMT4B1 neuropathy. Thus, affected patients should undergo early laryngological evaluation in order to prompt an appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Andrea Zambon
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Natali Sora
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cantarella
- Otolaryngology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cerri
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Experimental Neuropathology Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Experimental Neuropathology Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Carlo Previtali
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Neuromuscular Repair Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bolino
- Human Inherited Neuropathies Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Late-Onset Friedreich’s Ataxia (LOFA) Mimicking Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease Type 2: What Is Similar and What Is Different? THE CEREBELLUM 2016; 16:599-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-016-0822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tsai PC, Yang DM, Liao YC, Chiu TY, Kuo HC, Su YP, Guo YC, Soong BW, Lin KP, Liu YT, Lee YC. Clinical and biophysical characterization of 19 GJB1 mutations. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:854-865. [PMID: 27844031 PMCID: PMC5099531 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type X1 (CMTX1), which is caused by mutations in the gap junction (GJ) protein beta‐1 gene (GJB1), is the second most common form of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT). GJB1 encodes the GJ beta‐1 protein (GJB1), which forms GJs within the myelin sheaths of peripheral nerves. The process by which GJB1 mutants cause neuropathy has not been fully elucidated. This study evaluated the biophysical characteristics of GJB1 mutants and their correlations with the clinical features of CMTX1 patients. Methods All patients with a validated GJB1 mutation were assessed using the Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease neuropathy score version 2 (CMTNS). The impacts of the mutations on the biophysical functions of GJB1 were characterized by assessing intracellular localization, expression patterns, and GJ Ca2+ permeability. Result Nineteen GJB1 mutations were identified in 24 patients with a clinical diagnosis of CMT. Six are novel mutations: p.L6S, p.I20F, p.I101Rfs*8, p.F153L, p.R215P, and p.D278V. Diverse pathological effects of the mutations were demonstrated, including reduced GJB1 expression, intracellular mislocalization, and altered GJ functions. GJB1 mutations that caused a complete loss of GJ Ca2+ permeability appeared to be associated with an earlier disease onset, whereas those resulting in preservation of GJ permeability and with predominant cell membrane expression tended to have a later onset and a milder phenotype. Interpretation This study demonstrated that the degree of loss of GJ function caused by the GJB1 mutations might contribute to the onset and severity of neuropathic symptoms in CMTX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Department of Neurology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 11221 Taiwan; Brain Research Center National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - De-Ming Yang
- Microscopy Service Laboratory Basic Research Division Department of Medical Research and Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics School of Medical Technology & Engineering; Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC) National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11212 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Department of Neurology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yu Chiu
- Microscopy Service Laboratory Basic Research Division Department of Medical Research and Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics School of Medical Technology & Engineering; Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC) National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11212 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chou Kuo
- Department of Neurology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry Cathay General Hospital Taipei 10687 Taiwan; School of Medicine Fu-Jen Catholic University Taipei 24205 Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Cherng Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11221 Taiwan; Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Neurology China Medical University Hospital Taichung 40447 Taiwan; School of Medicine College of Medicine China Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan
| | - Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Department of Neurology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 11221 Taiwan; Brain Research Center National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Kon-Ping Lin
- Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Department of Neurology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Department of Neurology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Department of Neurology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 11221 Taiwan; Brain Research Center National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
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Rizzo F, Ronchi D, Salani S, Nizzardo M, Fortunato F, Bordoni A, Stuppia G, Del Bo R, Piga D, Fato R, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Corti S. Selective mitochondrial depletion, apoptosis resistance, and increased mitophagy in human Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2A motor neurons. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4266-4281. [PMID: 27506976 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2A (CMT2A) is an inherited peripheral neuropathy caused by mutations in MFN2, which encodes a mitochondrial membrane protein involved in mitochondrial network homeostasis. Because MFN2 is expressed ubiquitously, the reason for selective motor neuron (MN) involvement in CMT2A is unclear. To address this question, we generated MNs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) obtained from the patients with CMT2A as an in vitro disease model. CMT2A iPSC-derived MNs (CMT2A-MNs) exhibited a global reduction in mitochondrial content and altered mitochondrial positioning without significant differences in survival and axon elongation. RNA sequencing profiles and protein studies of key components of the apoptotic executioner program (i.e. p53, BAX, caspase 8, cleaved caspase 3, and the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl2) demonstrated that CMT2A-MNs are more resistant to apoptosis than wild-type MNs. Exploring the balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and the regulation of autophagy-lysosome transcription, we observed an increased autophagic flux in CMT2A-MNs that was associated with increased expression of PINK1, PARK2, BNIP3, and a splice variant of BECN1 that was recently demonstrated to be a trigger for mitochondrial autophagic removal. Taken together, these data suggest that the striking reduction in mitochondria in MNs expressing mutant MFN2 is not the result of impaired biogenesis, but more likely the consequence of enhanced mitophagy. Thus, these pathways represent possible novel molecular therapeutic targets for the development of an effective cure for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rizzo
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Ronchi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Salani
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Nizzardo
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Fortunato
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreina Bordoni
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Stuppia
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Del Bo
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Piga
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotecnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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