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Machado-Costa MC, Mitne-Neto M, Costa LHD, Alves LM, Oliveira ASB, Zatz M, Silva HCA. Small-fibre Neuropathy in Patients with Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 8. Can J Neurol Sci 2023; 50:885-890. [PMID: 36457144 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2022.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disease of the nervous system that primarily affects motor neurons. ALS type 8 (ALS8) is a familiar form with predominant involvement of lower motor neurons, tremor, and slow progression. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe sensory involvement in a cohort of ALS8 patients and compare it with the characteristics of sporadic ALS (sALS) patients and controls. METHODS We compared data from 40 ALS8 and 10 sALS patients assessed by neurological evaluation and electrophysiological study. Skin biopsies were performed in these patients and 12 controls for analysis of intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density by protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The ALS8 group was younger than the sALS group at the onset of symptoms (p < 0.05) and had a longer disease evolution (p < 0.01). Sensory abnormalities were evident in 35% of the ALS8 and 30% of the sALS patients by neurological examination, and all ALS patients presented normal sensory nerve action potentials. Despite being similar in the ALS8 and sALS groups, IENF density in the ALS8 group was lower than that in the controls (p < 0.0005). In the ALS8 group, IENF density was significantly lower in patients with impairment of vibratory sensation than in those without this finding (p < 0.05) and in females than in males (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sensory impairment and decreased IENF density are present in ALS8 patients at a frequency and intensity similar to that in the sALS group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Mitne-Neto
- Department of Research and Development, Fleury Group, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Moura Alves
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Research Centre, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helga Cristina Almeida Silva
- Discipline of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Borgonetti V, Coppi E, Galeotti N. Targeting the RNA-Binding Protein HuR as Potential Thera-Peutic Approach for Neurological Disorders: Focus on Amyo-Trophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Spinal Muscle Atrophy (SMA) and Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910394. [PMID: 34638733 PMCID: PMC8508990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of precise co- and post-transcriptional processing of RNA in the regulation of gene expression has become increasingly clear. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are a class of proteins that bind single- or double-chain RNA, with different affinities and selectivity, thus regulating the various functions of RNA and the fate of the cells themselves. ELAV (embryonic lethal/abnormal visual system)/Hu proteins represent an important family of RBPs and play a key role in the fate of newly transcribed mRNA. ELAV proteins bind AU-rich element (ARE)-containing transcripts, which are usually present on the mRNA of proteins such as cytokines, growth factors, and other proteins involved in neuronal differentiation and maintenance. In this review, we focused on a member of ELAV/Hu proteins, HuR, and its role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, with a particular focus on demyelinating diseases.
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Theme 10 Disease stratification and phenotyping of patients. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2019; 20:289-300. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2019.1646998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Elamin EM, Wilson CS, Sriaroon C, Crudup B, Pothen S, Kang YC, White KT, Anderson WM. Effects of early introduction of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation based on forced vital capacity rate of change: Variation across amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical phenotypes. Int J Clin Pract 2019; 73:e13257. [PMID: 30230161 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the ability of pulmonary function tests to predict disease progression by ALS clinical phenotypes, and the timing of the introduction of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort study was performed in all adult patients who fulfilled El Escorial criteria at a tertiary-care academic medical centre for veterans in the USA from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. Eligible patients underwent sitting and supine forced vital capacity (FVC) and the FVC rate of change (RoC) per month was calculated. ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) scores were collected. RESULTS A total of 137 patients were included in our analysis. The average survival from ALS onset was 31.40 (±40.04) months. The general cohort median (IQR) RoC was -0.87 (-2.55 to 0.34)/-0.65 (-2.55 to 0.70) % per month (P = 0.81) of the sitting/supine FVC, respectively. However, mean monthly RoC varied among the ALS phenotypes, with higher variation among global ALS, where greater decline in RoC was noted. The average time from ALS onset to tracheostomy was 27.88 (±22.21) months. The average sitting/supine FVC RoC for subjects requiring tracheostomy was -2.86 (±3.77)/-3.63 (±3.75) at the time of tracheostomy, compared to -1.190 (±2.38)/-1.07 (±3.78) for those who did not require the procedure. Although NIPPV use did not result in statistically significant improvements in either the sitting or supine FVC %, it did slow the RoC decline of patients with global ALS phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Initiation of NIPPV based on decline in RoC rather than the absolute value of either sitting or supine FVC may result in early stabilisation of ALS patients' pulmonary deterioration for the global clinical phenotype, and thus may have the potential for prolonging survival until tracheostomy or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elamin M Elamin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine and Sleep, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Sleep, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Catherine S Wilson
- Mental Health and Behavioral Science Services, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Chakrapol Sriaroon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Sleep, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Bianca Crudup
- Mental Health and Behavioral Science Services, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sophia Pothen
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia
| | - Younghee C Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine and Sleep, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kevin T White
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine and Sleep, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - William M Anderson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine and Sleep, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Sleep, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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5
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Lim SM, Kim YE, Choi WJ, Oh KW, Noh MY, Kwon MS, Nahm M, Kim N, Ki CS, Kim SH. CLEC4C p.K210del variant causes impaired cell surface transport in plasmacytoid dendritic cells of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24942-9. [PMID: 26943047 PMCID: PMC5041881 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The type II C-type lectin CLEC4C is a transmembrane protein selectively expressed on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs). Although its mechanism of action remains unclear, triggering of the extracellular C-terminal C-type carbohydrate recognition region of CLEC4C regulates the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs in PDCs. Applying whole-exome sequencing in a patient with juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and both healthy parents, we identified a de novo CLEC4C variant (c.629_631delAGA; p.Lys210del). In this study, we report that the deletion of a lysine residue at the extracellular region of CLEC4C yields a C-terminal dilysine motif that results in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of the protein in transfected HeLa and Jurkat T lymphoma cell models. As a consequence, a decrease in the surface expression of CLEC4C and the ER localization of the mutant construct were observed. Furthermore, depletion of the cell surface CLEC4C level was also observed in the patient PDCs, further suggesting that the variant p.Lys210del CLEC4C may contribute to juvenile ALS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Lim
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Won Jun Choi
- Department of Neurology, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ki-Wook Oh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Noh
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyeop Nahm
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namshin Kim
- Epigenomics Research Center Genome Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Chaves M, Bettini M, Fernandez MC, Basalo MJG, Rojas JI, Besada C, Cristiano E, Golimstok A, Rugiero M. Usefulness of diffusion tensor imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: potential biomarker and association with the cognitive profile. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2017; 75:272-276. [PMID: 28591385 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20170032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methods This was a case-control study conducted from December 1, 2012 to December 1, 2014. Clinical and demographic data were recorded. A neuropsychological test battery adapted to ALS patients was used. An MRI with DTI was performed in all patients and fractional anisotropy (FA) was analyzed in the white matter using the tract based spatial statistics program. Results Twenty-four patients with ALS (15 females, mean age 66.9 + -2.3) and 13 healthy controls (four females, average age 66.9 + - 2) were included. The DTI showed white matter damage in ALS patients vs. healthy controls (p < 0.001). Discussion In our preliminary study the alterations of white matter in DTI were significantly associated with cognitive impairment in patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Chaves
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Neurology Department, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - Mariela Bettini
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Neurology Department, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | | | | | - Juan Ignacio Rojas
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Neurology Department, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - Cristina Besada
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Radiology Department, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Cristiano
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Neurology Department, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - Angel Golimstok
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Neurology Department, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rugiero
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Neurology Department, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
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7
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CpG and Non-CpG Methylation in Epigenetic Gene Regulation and Brain Function. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8060148. [PMID: 28545252 PMCID: PMC5485512 DOI: 10.3390/genes8060148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a major epigenetic mark with important roles in genetic regulation. Methylated cytosines are found primarily at CpG dinucleotides, but are also found at non-CpG sites (CpA, CpT, and CpC). The general functions of CpG and non-CpG methylation include gene silencing or activation depending on the methylated regions. CpG and non-CpG methylation are found throughout the whole genome, including repetitive sequences, enhancers, promoters, and gene bodies. Interestingly, however, non-CpG methylation is restricted to specific cell types, such as pluripotent stem cells, oocytes, neurons, and glial cells. Thus, accumulation of methylation at non-CpG sites and CpG sites in neurons seems to be involved in development and disease etiology. Here, we provide an overview of CpG and non-CpG methylation and their roles in neurological diseases.
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8
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Markovinovic A, Cimbro R, Ljutic T, Kriz J, Rogelj B, Munitic I. Optineurin in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Multifunctional adaptor protein at the crossroads of different neuroprotective mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 154:1-20. [PMID: 28456633 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
When optineurin mutations showed up on the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) landscape in 2010, they differed from most other ALS-causing genes. They seemed to act by loss- rather than gain-of-function, and it was unclear how a polyubiquitin-binding adaptor protein, which was proposed to regulate a variety of cellular functions including cell signaling and vesicle trafficking, could mediate neuroprotection. This review discusses the considerable progress that has been made since then. A large number of mutations in optineurin and optineurin-interacting proteins TANK-binding kinase (TBK1) and p62/SQSTM-1 have been found in the ALS patients, suggesting a common neuroprotective pathway. Moreover, functional studies of the ALS-causing optineurin mutations and the recently established optineurin ubiquitin-binding deficient and knockout mouse models helped identify three major mechanisms likely to mediate neuroprotection: regulation of autophagy, mitigation of (chronic) inflammatory signaling, and blockade of necroptosis. These three processes crosstalk, and require multiple levels of control, many of which can be mediated by optineurin. Based on the role of optineurin in multiple processes and the unexpected finding that targeted optineurin deletion in microglia and oligodendrocytes ultimately leads to the same phenotype of axonal degeneration despite different initial defects, we propose that the failure of the weakest link in the optineurin neuroprotective network is sufficient to disturb homeostasis and set-off the domino effect that could ultimately lead to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Markovinovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Raffaello Cimbro
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tereza Ljutic
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jasna Kriz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Research Centre of the Mental Health Institute of Quebec, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Biomedical Research Institute BRIS, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Munitic
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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McCann EP, Williams KL, Fifita JA, Tarr IS, O'Connor J, Rowe DB, Nicholson GA, Blair IP. The genotype-phenotype landscape of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Australia. Clin Genet 2017; 92:259-266. [PMID: 28105640 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous fatal neurodegenerative disease. Around 10% of ALS cases are hereditary. ALS gene discoveries have provided most of our understanding of disease pathogenesis. We aimed to describe the genetic landscape of ALS in Australia by assessing 1013 Australian ALS patients for known ALS mutations by direct sequencing, whole exome sequencing or repeat primed polymerase chain reaction. Age of disease onset and disease duration were used for genotype-phenotype correlations. We report 60.8% of Australian ALS families in this cohort harbour a known ALS mutation. Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 accounted for 40.6% of families and 2.9% of sporadic patients. We also report ALS families with mutations in SOD1 (13.7%), FUS (2.4%), TARDBP (1.9%), UBQLN2 (.9%), OPTN (.5%), TBK1 (.5%) and CCNF (.5%). We present genotype-phenotype correlations between these genes as well as between gene mutations. Notably, C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion positive patients experienced significantly later disease onset than ALS mutation patients. Among SOD1 families, p.I114T positive patients had significantly later onset and longer survival. Our report highlights a unique spectrum of ALS gene frequencies among patients from the Australian population, and further, provides correlations between specific ALS mutations with disease onset and/or duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P McCann
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - K L Williams
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - J A Fifita
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - I S Tarr
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - J O'Connor
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - D B Rowe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - G A Nicholson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - I P Blair
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Vintilescu CR, Afreen S, Rubino AE, Ferreira A. The Neurotoxic TAU 45-230 Fragment Accumulates in Upper and Lower Motor Neurons in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Subjects. Mol Med 2016; 22:477-486. [PMID: 27496042 PMCID: PMC5072411 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and lethal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons leading to muscle paralysis in affected individuals. Numerous mechanisms have been implicated in the death of these neurons. However, the pathobiology of this disease has not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we investigated to what extent tau cleavage and the generation of the neurotoxic tau45-230 fragment is associated with ALS. Quantitative Western blot analysis indicated that high levels of tau45-230 accumulated in lumbar and cervical spinal cord specimens obtained from ALS subjects. This neurotoxic tau fragment was also detected in ALS upper motor neurons located in the precentral gyrus. Our results also showed that tau45-230 aggregates were present in the spinal cord of ALS patients. On the other hand, this neurotoxic fragment was not generated in a mouse model of a familial form of this disease. Together, these results suggest a potential role for this neurotoxic tau fragment in the mechanisms leading to the degeneration of motor neurons in the context of sporadic ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R Vintilescu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, IL 60611
| | - Sana Afreen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, IL 60611
| | - Ashlee E Rubino
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, IL 60611
| | - Adriana Ferreira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, IL 60611
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11
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New insights into the clinical neurophysiological assessment of ALS. Neurophysiol Clin 2016; 46:157-63. [PMID: 27364772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2016.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Figueroa-Romero C, Hur J, Lunn JS, Paez-Colasante X, Bender DE, Yung R, Sakowski SA, Feldman EL. Expression of microRNAs in human post-mortem amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cords provides insight into disease mechanisms. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 71:34-45. [PMID: 26704906 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a late-onset and terminal neurodegenerative disease. The majority of cases are sporadic with unknown causes and only a small number of cases are genetically linked. Recent evidence suggests that post-transcriptional regulation and epigenetic mechanisms, such as microRNAs, underlie the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders; therefore, altered microRNA expression may result in the dysregulation of key genes and biological pathways that contribute to the development of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Using systems biology analyses on postmortem human spinal cord tissue, we identified dysregulated mature microRNAs and their potential targets previously implicated in functional process and pathways associated with the pathogenesis of ALS. Furthermore, we report a global reduction of mature microRNAs, alterations in microRNA processing, and support for a role of the nucleotide binding protein, TAR DNA binding protein 43, in regulating sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated microRNAs, thereby offering a potential underlying mechanism for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - J Simon Lunn
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Diane E Bender
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Raymond Yung
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Care Center, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Stacey A Sakowski
- A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.,A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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13
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Lancioni GE, Simone IL, De Caro MF, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Ferlisi G, Zullo V, Schirone S, Denitto F, Zonno N. Assisting persons with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in their leisure engagement and communication needs with a basic technology-aided program. NeuroRehabilitation 2015; 36:355-65. [PMID: 26409339 DOI: 10.3233/nre-151224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eye-tracking communication devices and brain-computer interfaces are the two resources available to help people with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) avoid isolation and passivity. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at assessing a technology-aided program (i.e., a third possible resource) for five patients with advanced ALS who needed support for communication and leisure activities. METHODS The participants were exposed to baseline and intervention conditions. The technology-aided program, which was used during the intervention, (a) included the communication and leisure options that each participant considered important for him or her (e.g., music, videos, statements/requests, and text messaging) and (b) allowed the participant to access those options with minimal responses (e.g., finger movement or eyelid closure) monitored via microswitches. RESULTS The participants started leisure and communication engagement independently only during the intervention (i.e., when the program was used). The mean percentages of session time spent in those forms of engagement were between about 60 and 80. Preference checks and brief interviews indicated that participants and families liked the program. CONCLUSIONS The program might be viewed as an additional approach/resource for patients with advanced ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nirbhay N Singh
- Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nadia Zonno
- ISPE Medical Care Center, Mola di Bari, Italy
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14
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Kepp KP. Genotype-property patient-phenotype relations suggest that proteome exhaustion can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118649. [PMID: 25798606 PMCID: PMC4370410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset neurodegenerative diseases remain poorly understood as search continues for the perceived pathogenic protein species. Previously, variants in Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) causing Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) were found to destabilize and reduce net charge, suggesting a pathogenic aggregation mechanism. This paper reports analysis of compiled patient data and experimental and computed protein properties for variants of human SOD1, a major risk factor of ALS. Both stability and reduced net charge correlate significantly with disease, with larger significance than previously observed. Using two independent methods and two data sets, a probability < 3% (t-statistical test) is found that ALS-causing mutations share average stability with all possible 2907 SOD1 mutations. Most importantly, un-weighted patient survival times correlate strongly with the misfolded/unfolded protein copy number, expressed as an exponential function of the experimental stabilities (R2 = 0.31, p = 0.002), and this phenotype is further aggravated by charge (R2 = 0.51, p = 1.8 x 10−5). This finding suggests that disease relates to the copy number of misfolded proteins. Exhaustion of motor neurons due to expensive protein turnover of misfolded protein copies is consistent with the data but can further explain e.g. the expression-dependence of SOD1 pathogenicity, the lack of identification of a molecular toxic mode, elevated SOD1 mRNA levels in sporadic ALS, bioenergetic effects and increased resting energy expenditure in ALS patients, genetic risk factors affecting RNA metabolism, and recent findings that a SOD1 mutant becomes toxic when proteasome activity is recovered after washout of a proteasome inhibitor. Proteome exhaustion is also consistent with energy-producing mitochondria accumulating at the neuromuscular junctions where ALS often initiates. If true, this exhaustion mechanism implies a complete change of focus in treatment of ALS towards actively nursing the energy state and protein turnover of the motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P. Kepp
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Lancioni GE, Ferlisi G, Zullo V, Settembre MF, O'Reilly MF, Singh NN, Sigafoos J. Two Men with Advanced Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Operate a Computer-Aided Television System through Mouth or Throat Microswitches. Percept Mot Skills 2014; 118:883-9. [DOI: 10.2466/15.pms.118k24w2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed a simple technology to enable two men affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in an advanced stage (i.e., with pervasive motor disabilities and lack of speech), to operate a computer-aided television system. The technology included microswitches, a portable computer, an interface connecting the microswitches to the computer, a commercial software package to allow the possibility of watching television via computer, and specific software to allow microswitch activations to be recorded as forward commands for channel change. The participants (a) gained control over the television programs to watch or not to watch (i.e., through channel changes) and (b) showed increased attention to the programs (i.e., an increase in their watching time). The practical relevance of the findings, the integration of the technology used in this study within the participants' wider recreation and communication program, and ways of extending the research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Ferlisi
- S. Raffaele Medical Care Center, Modugno and Lega F. D'Oro Research Center, Osimo, Italy
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Ismailov SM, Barykova YA, Shmarov MM, Tarantul VZ, Barskov IV, Kucheryanu VG, Brylev LV, Logunov DY, Tutykhina IL, Bocharov EV, Zakharova MN, Narodizky BS, Illarioshkin SN. Experimental approach to the gene therapy of motor neuron disease with the use of genes hypoxia-inducible factors. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414050056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gjerde KV, Tysnes OB. Genetisk sammenheng mellom amyotrofisk lateral sklerose og frontotemporal demens. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2014; 134:302-6. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Lu H, Liu X, Deng Y, Qing H. DNA methylation, a hand behind neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:85. [PMID: 24367332 PMCID: PMC3851782 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations represent a sort of functional modifications related to the genome that are not responsible for changes in the nucleotide sequence. DNA methylation is one of such epigenetic modifications that have been studied intensively for the past several decades. The transfer of a methyl group to the 5 position of a cytosine is the key feature of DNA methylation. A simple change as such can be caused by a variety of factors, which can be the cause of many serious diseases including several neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have reviewed and summarized recent progress regarding DNA methylation in four major neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The studies of these four major neurodegenerative diseases conclude the strong suggestion of the important role DNA methylation plays in these diseases. However, each of these diseases has not yet been understood completely as details in some areas remain unclear, and will be investigated in future studies. We hope this review can provide new insights into the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases from the epigenetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing, China
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O’Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Ricciuti RA, Trignani R, Oliva D, Signorino M, D’Amico F, Sasanelli G. Extending technology-aided leisure and communication programs to persons with spinal cord injury and post-coma multiple disabilities. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2013; 10:32-7. [DOI: 10.3109/17483107.2013.860635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Green VA, Ferlisi G, Ferrarese G, Zullo V, Schirone S, Oliva D. A man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis uses a mouth pressure microswitch to operate a text messaging system with a word prediction function. Dev Neurorehabil 2013; 16:315-20. [PMID: 24020877 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2012.731086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether a man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis could benefit from using (a) a mouth pressure microswitch instead of an optic microswitch activated via head movement and (b) a special word prediction function within a text messaging system. METHOD Initially, both microswitches were used for operating the text messaging system, and their effectiveness and the man's preference were assessed. Subsequently, only the mouth microswitch was used and the messaging system was provided with a word prediction function. RESULTS The man was more efficient/rapid in using the text messaging (i.e., in writing) with the mouth microswitch and preferred such a microswitch. Similarly, he was more rapid in writing when the word prediction function was added (as opposed to the initial phase of the study when such function was not available) and preferred to use it. CONCLUSION Technology updates are critical in helping persons with motor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio E Lancioni
- Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari , Italy
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Hirano M, Kato S, Kobayashi K, Okada T, Yaginuma H, Kobayashi K. Highly efficient retrograde gene transfer into motor neurons by a lentiviral vector pseudotyped with fusion glycoprotein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75896. [PMID: 24086660 PMCID: PMC3782444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of gene therapy techniques to introduce transgenes that promote neuronal survival and protection provides effective therapeutic approaches for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Intramuscular injection of adenoviral and adeno-associated viral vectors, as well as lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with rabies virus glycoprotein (RV-G), permits gene delivery into motor neurons in animal models for motor neuron diseases. Recently, we developed a vector with highly efficient retrograde gene transfer (HiRet) by pseudotyping a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based vector with fusion glycoprotein B type (FuG-B) or a variant of FuG-B (FuG-B2), in which the cytoplasmic domain of RV-G was replaced by the corresponding part of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G). We have also developed another vector showing neuron-specific retrograde gene transfer (NeuRet) with fusion glycoprotein C type, in which the short C-terminal segment of the extracellular domain and transmembrane/cytoplasmic domains of RV-G was substituted with the corresponding regions of VSV-G. These two vectors afford the high efficiency of retrograde gene transfer into different neuronal populations in the brain. Here we investigated the efficiency of the HiRet (with FuG-B2) and NeuRet vectors for retrograde gene transfer into motor neurons in the spinal cord and hindbrain in mice after intramuscular injection and compared it with the efficiency of the RV-G pseudotype of the HIV-1-based vector. The main highlight of our results is that the HiRet vector shows the most efficient retrograde gene transfer into both spinal cord and hindbrain motor neurons, offering its promising use as a gene therapeutic approach for the treatment of motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyabi Hirano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Okada
- Department of Neuroanatomy & Embryology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yaginuma
- Department of Neuroanatomy & Embryology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Buonocunto F, Sacco V, Navarro J, Lanzilotti C, D'Amico F, Sasanelli G, De Tommaso M, Megna M. Technology-aided recreation and communication opportunities for post-coma persons affected by lack of speech and extensive motor impairment. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:2959-2966. [PMID: 23816631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed technology-aided intervention programs for two post-coma men who had re-acquired consciousness, but were unable to engage in personally or socially relevant occupations, given their lack of functional speech and their extensive motor disabilities. The microswitches used for accessing the program contents consisted of (a) a pressure sensor fixed in the palm of the first man's hand that could be activated with a small hand closure movement, and (b) an optic sensor fixed under the chin of the second man that could be activated by mouth opening movements. The programs' content consisted of recreation and communication options, which involved activating music, videos, and basic requests, sending and receiving (listening to) text messages, and placing phone calls. The results showed that the men (a) used the technology-aided programs successfully to manage the recreation and communication options available and (b) showed consistent preference for the sessions with the technology-aided program over other daily events. Family and staff members interviewed about the participants' programs (seven members for each participant) thought that the participants enjoyed the intervention sessions with the programs and that the programs had beneficial effects for them. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Gilbee ES. Lightning can strike twice: an unlucky patient of neurological interest. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr2013009475. [PMID: 23814000 PMCID: PMC3703035 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Poliomyelitis, once a worldwide epidemic, is becoming increasingly rare owing to the introduction of the polio vaccine in the 1950s. It is estimated that the number of cases of polio has reduced by 99% since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) started in 1988. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is another relatively uncommon condition which also affects anterior horn cells with debilitating neurological, and deadly, consequences. An unusual case of an aggressive form of ALS developing in a 72-year-old patient with paralytic poliomyelitis in childhood is presented. Her initial presentation was puzzling, and our approach to the diagnostic dilemma is discussed.
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Hobson-Webb LD. Neuromuscular ultrasound in polyneuropathies and motor neuron disease. Muscle Nerve 2013; 47:790-804. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Ferlisi G, Ferrarese G, Zullo V, Oliva D. A voice-sensitive microswitch for a man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and pervasive motor impairment. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2013; 9:260-3. [PMID: 23597318 DOI: 10.3109/17483107.2013.785037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess a voice-sensitive microswitch for a 67-year-old man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who had difficulties continuing to use an optic microswitch through small chin movements. METHOD The man used the microswitches in combination with a computer-aided program to (a) access preferred songs and videos or make requests, and (b) operate a messaging system to communicate with his wife and sons. To assess the man's performance with the two microswitches, we alternated sessions with one microswitch with sessions with the other. RESULTS The man's performance with the new microswitch was apparently more efficient (i.e. he could generally activate the new microswitch with a single attempt while he needed a mean of about two attempts for each activation of the optic microswitch). The man also developed a clear preference for the new microswitch. CONCLUSION Technology updates are critical within programs for persons with motor degeneration. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION A microswitch that can be used efficiently and without effort is critically important for a person with ALS. The microswitch can be used with programs that allow the person to manage leisure stimulus events, request opportunities and/or text messaging communication. The microswitch needs to be updated (changed) in relation to the person's physical deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio E Lancioni
- Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
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26
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Casas C, Herrando-Grabulosa M, Manzano R, Mancuso R, Osta R, Navarro X. Early presymptomatic cholinergic dysfunction in a murine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Behav 2013; 3:145-58. [PMID: 23531559 PMCID: PMC3607155 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic and familiar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases presented lower cholinergic activity than in healthy individuals in their still preserved spinal motoneurons (MNs) suggesting that cholinergic reduction might occur before MN death. To unravel how and when cholinergic function is compromised, we have analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) from early presymptomatic stages of the SOD1(G93A) ALS mouse model by confocal immunohistochemistry. The analysis showed an early reduction in ChAT content in soma and presynaptic boutons apposed onto MNs (to 76%) as well as in cholinergic interneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of the 30-day-old SOD1(G93A) mice. Cholinergic synaptic stripping occurred simultaneously to the presence of abundant surrounding major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II)-positive microglia and the accumulation of nuclear Tdp-43 and the appearance of mild oxidative stress within MNs. Besides, there was a loss of neuronal MHC-I expression, which is necessary for balanced synaptic stripping after axotomy. These events occurred before the selective raise of markers of denervation such as ATF3. By the same time, alterations in postsynaptic cholinergic-related structures were also revealed with a loss of the presence of sigma-1 receptor, a Ca2+ buffering chaperone in the postsynaptic cisternae. By 2 months of age, ChAT seemed to accumulate in the soma of MNs, and thus efferences toward Renshaw interneurons were drastically diminished. In conclusion, cholinergic dysfunction in the local circuitry of the spinal cord may be one of the earliest events in ALS etiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caty Casas
- Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Bellaterra, Spain
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Figueroa-Romero C, Hur J, Bender DE, Delaney CE, Cataldo MD, Smith AL, Yung R, Ruden DM, Callaghan BC, Feldman EL. Identification of epigenetically altered genes in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52672. [PMID: 23300739 PMCID: PMC3530456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal disease involving the progressive degeneration of motor neurons within the motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. Most cases are sporadic (sALS) with unknown causes suggesting that the etiology of sALS may not be limited to the genotype of patients, but may be influenced by exposure to environmental factors. Alterations in epigenetic modifications are likely to play a role in disease onset and progression in ALS, as aberrant epigenetic patterns may be acquired throughout life. The aim of this study was to identify epigenetic marks associated with sALS. We hypothesize that epigenetic modifications may alter the expression of pathogenesis-related genes leading to the onset and progression of sALS. Using ELISA assays, we observed alterations in global methylation (5 mC) and hydroxymethylation (5 HmC) in postmortem sALS spinal cord but not in whole blood. Loci-specific differentially methylated and expressed genes in sALS spinal cord were identified by genome-wide 5mC and expression profiling using high-throughput microarrays. Concordant direction, hyper- or hypo-5mC with parallel changes in gene expression (under- or over-expression), was observed in 112 genes highly associated with biological functions related to immune and inflammation response. Furthermore, literature-based analysis identified potential associations among the epigenes. Integration of methylomics and transcriptomics data successfully revealed methylation changes in sALS spinal cord. This study represents an initial identification of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in sALS which may improve our understanding of sALS pathogenesis for the identification of biomarkers and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Figueroa-Romero
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Diane E. Bender
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Colin E. Delaney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Cataldo
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrea L. Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Raymond Yung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Douglas M. Ruden
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brian C. Callaghan
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Clemen CS, Eichinger L, Schroder R. Reply: Hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by a mutation in the VCP gene VCP: A Jack of all trades in neuro- and myodegeneration? Brain 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cozzolino M, Pesaresi MG, Gerbino V, Grosskreutz J, Carrì MT. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new insights into underlying molecular mechanisms and opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1277-330. [PMID: 22413952 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a renewed interest in the pathogenic mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a late-onset progressive degeneration of motor neurons. The discovery of new genes associated with the familial form of the disease, along with a deeper insight into pathways already described for this disease, has led scientists to reconsider previous postulates. While protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, defective axonal transport, and excitotoxicity have not been dismissed, they need to be re-examined as contributors to the onset or progression of ALS in the light of the current knowledge that the mutations of proteins involved in RNA processing, apparently unrelated to the previous "old partners," are causative of the same phenotype. Thus, newly envisaged models and tools may offer unforeseen clues on the etiology of this disease and hopefully provide the key to treatment.
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Ferlisi G, Ferrarese G, Zullo V, Addante LM, Spica A, Oliva D. Technology-aided programs for assisting communication and leisure engagement of persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: two single-case studies. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2012; 33:1605-1614. [PMID: 22537857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Technology-aided programs for assisting communication and leisure engagement were assessed in single-case studies involving two men with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Study I involved a 51-year-old man with a virtually total loss of his motor repertoire and assessed a technology-aided program aimed at enabling him to (a) write and send out text messages and have incoming messages read to him and (b) establish videophone connections with his children (i.e., establish video contact and communicate with them). Study II involved a 66-year-old man with virtually no motor behavior and apparent depression and assessed a technology-aided program aimed at enabling him to (a) engage in leisure activities and make requests for basic needs and (b) use a low-demand messaging system. The results of both studies were highly encouraging. The participant of Study I could use the technology-aided program for effective communication and social interaction with multiple partners as well as for family interaction. The participant of Study II could use the technology-aided program for leisure engagement, requests, and basic family contacts/communication. The implications of technology for helping persons with severe ALS levels maintain an active and constructive role are discussed.
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Ferlisi G, Blotta I, Ricci I, Spica A, Oliva D. A technology-aided program to support leisure engagement and communication by a man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Dev Neurorehabil 2012; 15:149-53. [PMID: 22296327 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2011.633572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess a technology-aided programme for promoting leisure engagement and communication in a man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHOD The programme involved a laptop computer equipped with a Clicker 5 software package, an optic microswitch and an interface device. The participant could choose between two leisure options (i.e. songs and videos), could write requests and general messages through a virtual keyboard and a microswitch and could have the written text read out to caregivers and staff. RESULTS The use of the programme increased the mean frequency of words written to about 15 per 20-minute session during the second intervention phase. Those words were used by the participant for formulating a mean of over two requests/messages per session. The participant also listened to songs and watched videos. CONCLUSION A simple technology-aided programme may allow ALS patients to manage leisure engagement and communication.
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Induced pluripotent stem cells to model and treat neurogenetic disorders. Neural Plast 2012; 2012:346053. [PMID: 22888453 PMCID: PMC3409544 DOI: 10.1155/2012/346053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable advances in cellular reprogramming have made it possible to generate pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells, such as fibroblasts obtained from human skin biopsies. As a result, human diseases can now be investigated in relevant cell populations derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of patients. The rapid growth of iPSC technology has turned these cells into multipurpose basic and clinical research tools. In this paper, we highlight the roles of iPSC technology that are helping us to understand and potentially treat neurological diseases. Recent studies using iPSCs to model various neurogenetic disorders are summarized, and we discuss the therapeutic implications of iPSCs, including drug screening and cell therapy for neurogenetic disorders. Although iPSCs have been used in animal models with promising results to treat neurogenetic disorders, there are still many issues associated with reprogramming that must be addressed before iPSC technology can be fully exploited with translation to the clinic.
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Rocha AJD, Maia Júnior ACM. Is magnetic resonance imaging a plausible biomarker for upper motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/primary lateral sclerosis or merely a useful paraclinical tool to exclude mimic syndromes? A critical review of imaging applicability in clinical routine. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2012; 70:532-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2012000700012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord, brain regions in which conventional magnetic resonance imaging is often uninformative. Although the mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis is estimated to be about one year, the current criteria only prescribe magnetic resonance imaging to exclude "ALS mimic syndromes". Extensive application of non-conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the study of ALS has improved our understanding of the in vivo pathological mechanisms involved in the disease. These modern imaging techniques have recently been added to the list of potential ALS biomarkers to aid in both diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. This article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical applicability of the neuroimaging progress that has been made over the past two decades towards establishing suitable diagnostic tools for upper motor neuron (UMN) degeneration in ALS.
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Calvo AC, Manzano R, Atencia-Cibreiro G, Oliván S, Muñoz MJ, Zaragoza P, Cordero-Vázquez P, Esteban-Pérez J, García-Redondo A, Osta R. Genetic biomarkers for ALS disease in transgenic SOD1(G93A) mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32632. [PMID: 22412900 PMCID: PMC3296719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of both familial and sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are unknown, although growing evidence suggests that skeletal muscle tissue is a primary target of ALS toxicity. Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed on transgenic SOD1G93A mice, a mouse model of ALS, to determine genetic biomarkers of disease longevity. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and three biopsy samples were obtained per animal at the three main stages of the disease. Transcriptional expression levels of seventeen genes, Ankrd1, Calm1, Col19a1, Fbxo32, Gsr, Impa1, Mef2c, Mt2, Myf5, Myod1, Myog, Nnt, Nogo A, Pax7, Rrad, Sln and Snx10, were tested in each muscle biopsy sample. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol Reagent according to the manufacturer's protocol, and variations in gene expression were assayed by real-time PCR for all of the samples. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the linear correlation between transcriptional expression levels throughout disease progression and longevity. Consistent with the results obtained from total skeletal muscle of transgenic SOD1G93A mice and 74-day-old denervated mice, five genes (Mef2c, Gsr, Col19a1, Calm1 and Snx10) could be considered potential genetic biomarkers of longevity in transgenic SOD1G93A mice. These results are important because they may lead to the exploration of previously unexamined tissues in the search for new disease biomarkers and even to the application of these findings in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Calvo
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Aragon's Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Manzano
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Aragon's Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriela Atencia-Cibreiro
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Oliván
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Aragon's Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María J. Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Aragon's Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Aragon's Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Cordero-Vázquez
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Esteban-Pérez
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Aragon's Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Peviani M, Kurosaki M, Terao M, Lidonnici D, Gensano F, Battaglia E, Tortarolo M, Piva R, Bendotti C. Lentiviral vectors carrying enhancer elements of Hb9 promoter drive selective transgene expression in mouse spinal cord motor neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 205:139-47. [PMID: 22245491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant lentiviral vectors (rLVs) have emerged as versatile tools for gene delivery applications due to a number of favorable features, such as the possibility to maintain long-term transgene expression, the flexibility in the design of the expression cassettes and recent improvements in their biosafety profile. Since rLVs are able to infect multiple cell types including post-mitotic cells such as neurons and skeletal muscle cells, several studies have been exploring their application for the study and cure of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the introduction of rLVs carrying cell-type specific promoters could restrict the transgene expression either to neuronal or glial cells, thus helping to better dissect in vivo the role played by these cell populations in several neurodegenerative processes. In this study we developed rLVs carrying motor neuron specific regulatory sequences derived from the promoter of homeobox gene Hb9, and demonstrated that these constructs can represent a suitable platform for selective gene-targeting of murine spinal cord motor neurons, in vivo. This tool could be instrumental in the dissection of the molecular mechanisms involved in the selective degeneration of motor neurons occurring in Motor Neuron Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Peviani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Motor neuron diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are devastating disorders and effective therapies have not yet been established. One of the reasons for this lack of therapeutics, especially in sporadic ALS (SALS), is attributed to the absence of excellent disease models reflecting its pathology. For this purpose, identifying important key molecules for ALS pathomechanisms and developing disease models is crucial, and omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, have been employed. In particular, transcriptome analysis using cDNA microarray is the most popular omics approach and we have previously identified dynactin-1 as an important molecule downregulated in the motor neurons of SALS patients from the early stage of the disease. Dynactin-1 is also known as a causative gene in familial ALS (FALS). Dynactin-1 is a major component of the dynein/dynactin motor protein complex functioning in retrograde axonal transport. In motor neuron diseases as well as other neurodegenerative diseases, the role of axonal transport dysfunction in their pathogenesis always draws attention, but its precise mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In this article, we review our previous omics approach to SALS and the role of dynactin-1 in the pathogenesis of ALS. Finally, we emphasize the need for creating novel SALS disease models based on the results of omics analysis, especially based on the observation that dynactin-1 gene expression was downregulated in SALS motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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de Carvalho M, Pinto S. Lithium treatment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: do we have enough trials? Expert Rev Neurother 2011; 11:1693-1698. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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