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Meira T, Coelho A, Onat S, Ruano L, Cerqueira JJ. One-year regional brain volume changes as potential predictors of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:957-965. [PMID: 37773245 PMCID: PMC10961282 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most reliable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) marker of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) is brain atrophy. However, 1-year volumetric changes prior to cognitive assessment were never studied as potential predictors of cognition, which we aim to assess with this pilot work. METHODS Twenty-two MS patients were submitted to a baseline measure of 83 regional brain volumes with MRI and re-evaluated 1 year later; they were also tested with the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS): sustained attention and processing speed were examined with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), verbal and visuo-spatial learning and memory with the learning trials from the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT) and the Brief Visuo-spatial Memory Test-revised (BVMT), respectively. Controlling for age, sex, and years of education, a multivariate linear regression model was created for each cognitive score at 1-year follow-up in a backward elimination manner, considering cross-sectional regional volumes and 1-year volume changes as potential predictors. RESULTS Decreases in the volumes of the left amygdala and the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex in the year prior to assessment were identified as possible predictors of worse performance in verbal memory (P = 0.009) and visuo-spatial memory (P = 0.001), respectively, independently of cross-sectional brain regional volumes at time of testing. CONCLUSION Our work reveals novel 1-year regional brain volume changes as potential predictors of cognitive deficits in MS. This suggests a possible role of these regions in such deficits and might contribute to uncover cognitively deteriorating patients, whose detection is still unsatisfying in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torcato Meira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Neuroradiology Department, Hospital de Braga, Rua da Comunidades Lusíadas 133, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Coelho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Seyda Onat
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís Ruano
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Entre Douro e Vouga, Rua Dr. Cândido Pinho 5, 4520-211, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - João José Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Braga, Rua da Comunidades Lusíadas 133, Braga, Portugal.
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Yamazaki R, Matsumoto J, Ito S, Nemoto K, Fukunaga M, Hashimoto N, Kodaka F, Takano H, Hasegawa N, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Yamamori H, Watanabe Y, Miura K, Hashimoto R. Longitudinal reduction in brain volume in patients with schizophrenia and its association with cognitive function. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:206-215. [PMID: 38348613 PMCID: PMC10932790 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing a brain biomarker for schizophrenia is strongly desirable not only to support diagnosis by psychiatrists but also to help track the progressive changes in the brain over the course of the illness. A brain morphological signature of schizophrenia was reported in a recent study and is defined by clusters of brain regions with reduced volume in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy individuals. This signature was proven to be effective at differentiating patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals, suggesting that it is a good candidate brain biomarker of schizophrenia. However, the longitudinal characteristics of this signature have remained unclear. In this study, we examined whether these changes occurred over time and whether they were associated with clinical outcomes. We found a significant change in the brain morphological signature in schizophrenia patients with more brain volume loss than the natural, age-related reduction in healthy individuals, suggesting that this change can capture a progressive morphological change in the brain. We further found a significant association between changes in the brain morphological signature and changes in the full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ). The patients with IQ improvement showed preserved brain morphological signatures, whereas the patients without IQ improvement showed progressive changes in the brain morphological signature, suggesting a link between potential recovery of intellectual abilities and the speed of brain pathology progression. We conclude that the brain morphological signature is a brain biomarker that can be used to evaluate progressive changes in the brain that are associated with cognitive impairment due to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Satsuki Ito
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Psychology, The Division of Human Developmental Sciences, Graduate School of Humanity and SciencesOchanomizu UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Section of Brain Function InformationNational Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of PsychiatryHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Fumitoshi Kodaka
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Harumasa Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation FosterOsakaJapan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
- Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka HospitalOsakaJapan
| | | | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
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3
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Unnikrishnan S, Karunamuni R, Salans MA, Gudipati S, Qian AS, Yu J, Connor M, Huynh-Le MP, Tibbs MD, Hermann G, Reyes A, Stasenko A, Seibert TM, McDonald CR, Hattangadi-Gluth JA. Dose-Dependent Atrophy in Bilateral Amygdalae and Nuclei After Brain Radiation Therapy and Its Association With Mood and Memory Outcomes on a Longitudinal Clinical Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:834-845. [PMID: 37230430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Amygdalae are bilateral, almond-shaped structures located anterior to the hippocampi, critical to limbic system functions of emotional processing and memory consolidation. The amygdalae are heterogeneous, composed of multiple nuclei with distinct structural and functional properties. We prospectively assessed associations between longitudinal changes in amygdala morphometry, including component nuclei, and functional outcomes in patients with primary brain tumors receiving radiation therapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS On a prospective longitudinal trial, 63 patients underwent high-resolution volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging and testing for mood (Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory), memory (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised [BVMT] Total Recall and Delayed Recall; Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT] Total Recall and Delayed Recall), and health-related quality-of-life outcomes (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain Social/Family Well-Being and Emotional Well-Being) at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after RT. Amygdalae, including 8 nuclei, were autosegmented bilaterally using validated techniques. Linear mixed-effects models assessed longitudinal change in amygdalae and nuclei volumes and associations with dose and outcomes. Wilcoxon rank sum tests compared amygdala volume change between patient groups with worse and more stable outcomes at each time point. RESULTS Atrophy was found in the right amygdala at 6 months (P = .001) and the left amygdala at 12 months (P = .046). A higher dose was associated with atrophy of the left amygdala (P = .013) at 12 months. The right amygdala showed dose-dependent atrophy at 6 months (P = .016) and 12 months (P = .001). Worse BVMT-Total, HVLT-Total, and HVLT-Delayed performance was associated with smaller left lateral (P = .014, P = .004, and P = .007, respectively) and left basal (P = .034, P = .016, and P = .026, respectively) nuclei volumes. Increased anxiety at 6 months was associated with greater combined (P = .031) and right (P = .007) amygdala atrophy. Greater left amygdala atrophy (P = .038) was noted in patients with decreased emotional well-being at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Bilateral amygdalae and nuclei undergo time- and dose-dependent atrophy after brain RT. Atrophy in amygdalae and specific nuclei was associated with poorer memory, mood, and emotional well-being. Amygdalae-sparing treatment planning may preserve neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Unnikrishnan
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Roshan Karunamuni
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mia A Salans
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Suma Gudipati
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alexander S Qian
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael Connor
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Michelle D Tibbs
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Gretchen Hermann
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Anny Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alena Stasenko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tyler M Seibert
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Carrie R McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jona A Hattangadi-Gluth
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Ballerini A, Talami F, Molinari MA, Micalizzi E, Scolastico S, Biagioli N, Orlandi N, Pugnaghi M, Giovannini G, Meletti S, Vaudano AE. Exploring the relationship between amygdala subnuclei volumes and cognitive performance in left-lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy with and without hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 145:109342. [PMID: 37422935 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive disruption is a debilitating comorbidity in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). Despite recent advances, the amygdala is often neglected in studies that explore cognition in TLE. Amygdala subnuclei are differently engaged in TLE with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) compared to non-lesional TLE (TLE-MRIneg), with predominant atrophy in the first and increased volume in the latter. Herein, we aim to explore the relationship between the volumes of the amygdala and its substructures with respect to cognitive performances in a population of left-lateralized TLE with and without HS. Twenty-nine TLEs were recruited (14 TLE-HS; 15 TLE-MRIneg). After investigating the differences in the subcortical amygdalae and hippocampal volumes compared to a matched healthy control population, we explored the associations between the subnuclei of the amygdala and the hippocampal subfields with the cognitive scores in TLE patients, according to their etiology. In TLE-HS, a reduced volume of the basolateral and cortical amygdala complexes joined with whole hippocampal atrophy, was related to poorer scores in verbal memory tasks, while in TLE-MRIneg, poorer performances in attention and processing speed tasks were associated with a generalized amygdala enlargement, particularly of the basolateral and central complexes. The present findings extend our knowledge of amygdala involvement in cognition and suggest structural amygdala abnormalities as useful disease biomarkers in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ballerini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Talami
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Micalizzi
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurophysiology Unit, Epilepsy Center, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Scolastico
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Niccolò Biagioli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Niccolò Orlandi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Meletti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy.
| | - Anna Elisabetta Vaudano
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy.
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5
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Guo H, Ye H, Li Z, Li X, Huang W, Yang Y, Xie G, Xu C, Li X, Liang W, Jing H, Zhang C, Tang C, Liang J. Amygdala signal abnormality and cognitive impairment in drug-naïve schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:231. [PMID: 37020192 PMCID: PMC10074687 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently studies had showed that the amygdala may take part in the cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SC). However, the mechanism is still unclear, so we explored the relationship between the amygdala resting state magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI) signal and cognitive function, to provide a reference for the follow-up study. METHODS We collected 59 drug-naïve SCs and 46 healthy controls (HCs) from the Third People's Hospital of Foshan. The rsMRI technique and automatic segmentation tool were used to extract the volume and functional indicators of the SC's amygdala. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of the disease, and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to assess cognitive function. Pearson correlation analysis was used to compare the relationship between the structural and functional indicators of the amygdala and PANSS and RBANS. RESULTS (1) There was no significant difference between SC and HC in age, gender and years of education. Compared with HC, the PANSS score of SC increased and the RBANS score decreased significantly. Meanwhile, the left amygdala volume decreased (t=-3.675, p < 0.001), and the Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (FALFF) values of bilateral amygdala increased (tL=3.916, p < 0.001; tR=3.131, p = 0.002). (2) The volumes of the left amygdala were negatively correlated with the PANSS score (rL=-0.243, p = 0.039). While the FALFF values of the bilateral amygdala were positively correlated with the PANSS score (rL=0.257, p = 0.026; rR=0.259, p = 0.026). Bilateral amygdala volumes and FALFF values were positively correlated (rL=0.445, p < 0.001; rR=0.326, p = 0.006) and negatively correlated with RBANS score (rL=-0.284, p = 0.014; rR=-0.272, p = 0.020), respectively. CONCLUSION The abnormal volume and function of the amygdala play important roles in the disease process of SC, and are closely related to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagui Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibiao Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Jing
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunguo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaquan Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Subcortical Structures in Demented Schizophrenia Patients: A Comparative Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010233. [PMID: 36672741 PMCID: PMC9855401 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few studies on dementia and schizophrenia in older patients looking for structural differences. This paper aims to describe relation between cognitive performance and brain volumes in older schizophrenia patients. Twenty schizophrenic outpatients -10 without-dementia (SND), 10 with dementia (SD)- and fifteen healthy individuals -as the control group (CG)-, older than 50, were selected. Neuropsychological tests were used to examine cognitive domains. Brain volumes were calculated with magnetic resonance images. Cognitive performance was significantly better in CG than in schizophrenics. Cognitive performance was worst in SD than SND, except in semantic memory and visual attention. Hippocampal volumes showed significant differences between SD and CG, with predominance on the right side. Left thalamic volume was smaller in SD group than in SND. Structural differences were found in the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus; more evident in the amygdala and thalamus, which were mainly related to dementia. In conclusion, cognitive performance and structural changes allowed us to differentiate between schizophrenia patients and CG, with changes being more pronounced in SD than in SND. When comparing SND with SD, the functional alterations largely coincide, although sometimes in the opposite direction. Moreover, volume lost in the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus may be related to the possibility to develop dementia in schizophrenic patients.
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Chew QH, Prakash KNB, Koh LY, Chilla G, Yeow LY, Sim K. Neuroanatomical subtypes of schizophrenia and relationship with illness duration and deficit status. Schizophr Res 2022; 248:107-113. [PMID: 36030757 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of schizophrenia (SCZ) regarding psychopathology, illness trajectory and their inter-relationships with underlying neural substrates remain incompletely understood. In a bid to reduce illness heterogeneity using neural substrates, our study aimed to replicate the findings of an earlier study by Chand et al. (2020). We employed brain structural measures for subtyping SCZ patients, and evaluate each subtype's relationship with clinical features such as illness duration, psychotic psychopathology, and additionally deficit status. METHODS Overall, 240 subjects (160 SCZ patients, 80 healthy controls) were recruited for this study. The participants underwent brain structural magnetic resonance imaging scans and clinical rating using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Neuroanatomical subtypes of SCZ were identified using "Heterogeneity through discriminative analysis" (HYDRA), a clustering technique which accounted for relevant covariates and the inter-group normalized percentage changes in brain volume were also calculated. RESULTS As replicated, two neuroanatomical subtypes (SG-1 and SG-2) were found amongst our patients with SCZ. The subtype SG-1 was associated with enlargements in the third and lateral ventricles, volume increase in the basal ganglia (putamen, caudate, pallidum), longer illness duration, and deficit status. The subtype SG-2 was associated with reductions of cortical and subcortical structures (hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia). CONCLUSIONS These replicated findings have clinical implications in the early intervention, response monitoring, and prognostication of SCZ. Future studies may adopt a multi-modal neuroimaging approach to enhance insights into the neurobiological composition of relevant subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hui Chew
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - K N Bhanu Prakash
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Clinical Data Analytics & Radiomics, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Li Yang Koh
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Geetha Chilla
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Clinical Data Analytics & Radiomics, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ling Yun Yeow
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Clinical Data Analytics & Radiomics, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
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8
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Büki A, Bohár Z, Kekesi G, Vécsei L, Horvath G. Wisket rat model of schizophrenia: Impaired motivation and, altered brain structure, but no anhedonia. Physiol Behav 2021; 244:113651. [PMID: 34800492 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the poor cognition in schizophrenia is strongly linked to negative symptoms, including motivational deficit, which due to, at least partially, anhedonia. The goal of this study was to explore whether the schizophrenia-like Wisket animals with impaired motivation (obtained in the reward-based hole-board test), also show decreased hedonic behavior (investigated with the sucrose preference test). While neurochemical alterations of different neurotransmitter systems have been detected in the Wisket rats, no research has been performed on structural changes. Therefore, our additional aim was to reveal potential neuroanatomical and structural alterations in different brain regions in these rats. The rats showed decreased general motor activity (locomotion, rearing and exploration) and impaired task performance in the hole-board test compared to the controls, whereas no significant difference was observed in the sucrose preference test between the groups. The Wisket rats exhibited a significant decrease in the frontal cortical thickness and the hippocampal area, and moderate increases in the lateral ventricles and cell disarray in the CA3 subfield of hippocampus. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the hedonic behavior and neuroanatomical alterations in a multi-hit animal model of schizophrenia. The results obtained in the sucrose preference test suggest that anhedonic behavior might not be involved in the impaired motivation obtained in the hole-board test. The neuropathological changes agree with findings obtained in patients with schizophrenia, which refine the high face validity of the Wisket model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Büki
- Department of Physiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Bohár
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Kekesi
- Department of Physiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, H-6725, Hungary; Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, H-6725 Hungary
| | - Gyongyi Horvath
- Department of Physiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
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Karantonis JA, Carruthers SP, Rossell SL, Pantelis C, Hughes M, Wannan C, Cropley V, Van Rheenen TE. A Systematic Review of Cognition-Brain Morphology Relationships on the Schizophrenia-Bipolar Disorder Spectrum. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1557-1600. [PMID: 34097043 PMCID: PMC8530395 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the relationship between cognition and brain morphology in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is uncertain. This review aimed to address this, by providing a comprehensive systematic investigation of links between several cognitive domains and brain volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area in SSD and BD patients across early and established illness stages. An initial search of PubMed and Scopus databases resulted in 1486 articles, of which 124 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. The majority of studies focused on SSD, while those of BD were scarce. Replicated evidence for specific regions associated with indices of cognition was minimal, however for several cognitive domains, the frontal and temporal regions were broadly implicated across both recent-onset and established SSD, and to a lesser extent BD. Collectively, the findings of this review emphasize the significance of both frontal and temporal regions for some domains of cognition in SSD, while highlighting the need for future BD-related studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Karantonis
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sean P Carruthers
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
- St Vincent’s Mental Health, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cassandra Wannan
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Brain morphology does not clearly map to cognition in individuals on the bipolar-schizophrenia-spectrum: a cross-diagnostic study of cognitive subgroups. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:776-785. [PMID: 33246649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterisation of brain morphological features common to cognitively similar individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) may be key to understanding their shared neurobiological deficits. In the current study we examined whether three previously characterised cross-diagnostic cognitive subgroups differed among themselves and in comparison to healthy controls across measures of brain morphology. METHOD T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained for 143 individuals; 65 healthy controls and 78 patients (SSD, n = 40; BD I, n = 38) classified into three cross-diagnostic cognitive subgroups: Globally Impaired (n = 24), Selectively Impaired (n = 32), and Superior/Near-Normal (n = 22). Cognitive subgroups were compared to each other and healthy controls on three separate analyses investigating (1) global, (2) regional, and (3) vertex-wise comparisons of brain volume, thickness, and surface area. RESULTS No significant subgroup differences were evident in global measures of brain morphology. In region of interest analyses, the Selectively Impaired subgroup had greater right accumbens volume than those Superior/Near-Normal subgroup and healthy controls, and the Superior/Near-Normal subgroup had reduced volume of the left entorhinal region compared to all other groups. In vertex-wise comparisons, the Globally Impaired subgroup had greater right precentral volume than the Selectively Impaired subgroup, and thicker cortex in the postcentral region relative to the Superior/Near-Normal subgroup. LIMITATIONS Exploration of medication effects was limited in our data. CONCLUSIONS Although some differences were evident in this sample, generally cross-diagnostic cognitive subgroups of individuals with SSD and BD did not appear to be clearly distinguished by patterns in brain morphology.
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11
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Liloia D, Brasso C, Cauda F, Mancuso L, Nani A, Manuello J, Costa T, Duca S, Rocca P. Updating and characterizing neuroanatomical markers in high-risk subjects, recently diagnosed and chronic patients with schizophrenia: A revised coordinate-based meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 123:83-103. [PMID: 33497790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing neuroanatomical markers of different stages of schizophrenia (SZ) to assess pathophysiological models of how the disorder develops is an important target for the clinical practice. We performed a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies of genetic and clinical high-risk subjects (g-/c-HR), recently diagnosed (RDSZ) and chronic SZ patients (ChSZ). We quantified gray matter (GM) changes associated with these four conditions and compared them with contrast and conjunctional data. We performed the behavioral analysis and networks decomposition of alterations to obtain their functional characterization. Results reveal a cortical-subcortical, left-to-right homotopic progression of GM loss. The right anterior cingulate is the only altered region found altered among c-HR, RDSZ and ChSZ. Contrast analyses show left-lateralized insular, amygdalar and parahippocampal GM reduction in RDSZ, which appears bilateral in ChSZ. Functional decomposition shows involvement of the salience network, with an enlargement of the sensorimotor network in RDSZ and the thalamus-basal nuclei network in ChSZ. These findings support the current neuroprogressive models of SZ and integrate this deterioration with the clinical evolution of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Liloia
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Claudio Brasso
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Franco Cauda
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Mancuso
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Andrea Nani
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Jordi Manuello
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Rocca
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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12
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Zhang R, Zhang L, Wei S, Wang P, Jiang X, Tang Y, Wang F. Increased Amygdala-Paracentral Lobule/Precuneus Functional Connectivity Associated With Patients With Mood Disorder and Suicidal Behavior. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:585664. [PMID: 33519398 PMCID: PMC7843440 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.585664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorder patients have greater suicide risk than members of the general population, but how suicidal behavior relates to brain functions has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated how functional connectivity (FC) values between the right/left amygdala and the whole brain relate to suicidal behavior in patients with mood disorder. The participants in this study were 100 mood disorder patients with suicidal behavior (SB group), 120 mood disorder patients with non-suicidal behavior (NSB group), and 138 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC group). Whole-brain FC values among the three groups were compared using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Compared to the NSB and HC groups, increased FC values in the right amygdala-bilateral paracentral lobule/precuneus circuit were observed in the SB group (Bonferroni-corrected, p < 0.017). The FC values in the NSB group did not differ significantly from those in the HC group (Bonferroni-corrected, p > 0.017). Moreover, there were no significant differences in FC values between mood disorder patients with suicide attempt (SA group) and mood disorder patients with suicidal ideation (SI group), while the FC values between the right amygdala and bilateral paracentral lobule/precuneus in the SA group were higher than the mean in the SI group. These findings suggest that right amygdala-paracentral lobule/precuneus dysfunction has an important role in patients with mood disorder and suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Luheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengshuo Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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McKinney RA, Avery SN, Armstrong K, Blackford JU, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Relational memory in the early stage of psychotic bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 294:113508. [PMID: 33096436 PMCID: PMC7809627 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Relational memory is impaired in psychotic disorders. In non-affective psychotic disorders, relational memory deficits are present in the early stage of illness and become more pronounced in the chronic stage. Previous studies have demonstrated cognitive deficits in early-stage psychotic bipolar disorder, but it is unclear whether relational memory is impaired. We examined relational memory using a face-scene binding task in early-stage psychotic bipolar disorder patients (n = 33) and compared their performance with healthy control (n = 40) and early-stage non-affective psychosis participants (n = 40). During training, participants learned to associate faces with background scenes. During testing, participants viewed a scene overlaid by three faces and were asked to recall the matching face. Relational memory was assessed indirectly using eye movements and explicitly using forced-choice recognition. Preferential viewing of the matching face, as captured by overall proportion of viewing and viewing across time, was significantly lower in psychotic bipolar disorder than in the healthy control group. However, preferential viewing of the matching face in psychotic bipolar disorder was significantly better than in non-affective psychosis. These findings provide novel evidence that relational memory in patients with early-stage psychotic bipolar disorder is intermediate between healthy control and early-stage non-affective psychosis subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A McKinney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Suzanne N Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA; Research Health Scientist, Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
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14
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The Amygdala in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Synthesis of Structural MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and Resting-State Functional Connectivity Findings. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2020; 27:150-164. [PMID: 31082993 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Frequently implicated in psychotic spectrum disorders, the amygdala serves as an important hub for elucidating the convergent and divergent neural substrates in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, the two most studied groups of psychotic spectrum conditions. A systematic search of electronic databases through December 2017 was conducted to identify neuroimaging studies of the amygdala in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, focusing on structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting-state functional connectivity studies, with an emphasis on cross-diagnostic studies. Ninety-four independent studies were selected for the present review (49 structural MRI, 27 DTI, and 18 resting-state functional MRI studies). Also selected, and analyzed in a separate meta-analysis, were 33 volumetric studies with the amygdala as the region-of-interest. Reduced left, right, and total amygdala volumes were found in schizophrenia, relative to both healthy controls and bipolar subjects, even when restricted to cohorts in the early stages of illness. No volume abnormalities were observed in bipolar subjects relative to healthy controls. Shape morphometry studies showed either amygdala deformity or no differences in schizophrenia, and no abnormalities in bipolar disorder. In contrast to the volumetric findings, DTI studies of the uncinate fasciculus tract (connecting the amygdala with the medial- and orbitofrontal cortices) largely showed reduced fractional anisotropy (a marker of white matter microstructure abnormality) in both schizophrenia and bipolar patients, with no cross-diagnostic differences. While decreased amygdalar-orbitofrontal functional connectivity was generally observed in schizophrenia, varying patterns of amygdalar-orbitofrontal connectivity in bipolar disorder were found. Future studies can consider adopting longitudinal approaches with multimodal imaging and more extensive clinical subtyping to probe amygdalar subregional changes and their relationship to the sequelae of psychotic disorders.
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15
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Armio RL, Laurikainen H, Ilonen T, Walta M, Salokangas RKR, Koutsouleris N, Hietala J, Tuominen L. Amygdala subnucleus volumes in psychosis high-risk state and first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2020; 215:284-292. [PMID: 31744752 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional abnormalities of the amygdala in schizophrenia have been well documented. Post-mortem studies suggest that the lateral nucleus is particularly affected in schizophrenia. It is not known whether the amygdala subnuclei are differently affected at the time of the first-episode psychosis or already at high-risk state. 75 first-episode psychosis patients (FEP), 45 clinical high-risk patients (CHR) and 76 population controls participated in this cross-sectional case-control study. Participants underwent T1-weighted 3T MRI scans, from which the amygdala was segmented using a newly developed automated algorithm. Because early adverse events increase risk for psychosis and affect the amygdala, we also tested whether experiences of childhood maltreatment associate with the putative amygdala subnuclei abnormalities. Compared to the population controls, FEP had smaller volumes of the lateral, and basal nuclei. In CHR, only the lateral nucleus was significantly smaller compared to the control subjects. Experience of childhood maltreatment was inversely associated with lateral nucleus volumes in FEP but not in CHR. These results show that the lateral and basal nuclei of the amygdala are already affected in FEP. These volumetric changes may reflect specific cellular abnormalities that have been observed in post-mortem studies in schizophrenia in the same subnuclei. Decreased volume of the lateral nucleus in CHR suggest that a smaller lateral nucleus could serve as a potential biomarker for psychosis risk. Finally, we found that the lateral nucleus volumes in FEP may be sensitive to the effects of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta-Liina Armio
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Heikki Laurikainen
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Ilonen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Walta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Raimo K R Salokangas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr. 7, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, building 9, 20700, Turku, Finland; University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 8N3, Canada
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16
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Cui D, Guo Y, Cao W, Gao W, Qiu J, Su L, Jiao Q, Lu G. Correlation Between Decreased Amygdala Subnuclei Volumes and Impaired Cognitive Functions in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:612. [PMID: 32670120 PMCID: PMC7332860 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala has been proposed to be involved in the pathophysiology of pediatric and adult bipolar disorder (BD). The goal of this structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) study was to investigate the morphometric characteristics of amygdala subnuclei in patients with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) compared to healthy controls (HCs). Simultaneously, we examined correlation between amygdala subnuclei volumes and cognitive dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed 40 adolescent outpatients, diagnosed with manic or euthymic PBD according to the DSM-5 criteria for BD and 19 HCs. Cognitive functions were evaluated using a Stroop color-word test (SCWT), trail making test (TMT), visual reproduction immediate recall subtest (VR I), and digit span subtest (DST). Amygdala and its subnuclei structures were automated segmented using FreeSurfer software and the volumes of them were compared between groups and correlation with clinical and cognitive outcomes was conducted. RESULTS Manic patients exhibited significantly decreased volumes in the bilateral whole amygdala and its basal nucleus, cortico-amygdaloid transition (CAT), and accessory basal nucleus (ABN) compared with HCs. Euthymic patients had decreased volume in the bilateral ABN and left CAT. In addition, we found significant positive associations between VR I scores and the right whole amygdala and its bilateral basal, right lateral, and ABN volumes in the manic group. CONCLUSION These findings support previous reports of smaller amygdala volumes and cognitive dysfunctions in PBD, and further mapping abnormalities to specific amygdala subnuclei. Correlation between basolateral volume and VR I of PBD may expand our understanding of neural abnormalities that could be targeted by treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cui
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Disease, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of MedicalSciences, Taian, China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Disease, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of MedicalSciences, Taian, China
| | - Weifang Cao
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Disease, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of MedicalSciences, Taian, China
| | - Weijia Gao
- Department of Child Psychology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, China
| | - Linyan Su
- Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Disease, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of MedicalSciences, Taian, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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17
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Neuroanatomical Dysconnectivity Underlying Cognitive Deficits in Bipolar Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 5:152-162. [PMID: 31806486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graph theory applied to brain networks is an emerging approach to understanding the brain's topological associations with human cognitive ability. Despite well-documented cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder (BD) and recent reports of altered anatomical network organization, the association between connectivity and cognitive impairments in BD remains unclear. METHODS We examined the role of anatomical network connectivity derived from T1- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in impaired cognitive performance in individuals with BD (n = 32) compared with healthy control individuals (n = 38). Fractional anisotropy- and number of streamlines-weighted anatomical brain networks were generated by mapping constrained spherical deconvolution-reconstructed white matter among 86 cortical/subcortical bilateral brain regions delineated in the individual's own coordinate space. Intelligence and executive function were investigated as distributed functions using measures of global, rich-club, and interhemispheric connectivity, while memory and social cognition were examined in relation to subnetwork connectivity. RESULTS Lower executive functioning related to higher global clustering coefficient in participants with BD, and lower IQ performance may present with a differential relationship between global and interhemispheric efficiency in individuals with BD relative to control individuals. Spatial recognition memory accuracy and response times were similar between diagnostic groups and associated with basal ganglia and thalamus interconnectivity and connectivity within extended anatomical subnetworks in all participants. No anatomical subnetworks related to episodic memory, short-term memory, or social cognition generally or differently in BD. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate selective influence of subnetwork patterns of connectivity in underlying cognitive performance generally and abnormal global topology underlying discrete cognitive impairments in BD.
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18
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Distinct structural brain circuits indicate mood and apathy profiles in bipolar disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 26:101989. [PMID: 31451406 PMCID: PMC7229320 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe manic-depressive illness. Patients with BD have been shown to have gray matter (GM) deficits in prefrontal, frontal, parietal, and temporal regions; however, the relationship between structural effects and clinical profiles has proved elusive when considered on a region by region or voxel by voxel basis. In this study, we applied parallel independent component analysis (pICA) to structural neuroimaging measures and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in 110 patients (mean age 34.9 ± 11.65) with bipolar disorder, to examine networks of brain regions that relate to symptom profiles. The pICA revealed two distinct symptom profiles and associated GM concentration alteration circuits. The first PANSS pICA profile mainly involved anxiety, depression and guilty feelings, reflecting mood symptoms. Reduced GM concentration in right temporal regions predicted worse mood symptoms in this profile. The second PANSS pICA profile generally covered blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, passive/apathetic social withdrawal, depression and active social avoidance, exhibiting a withdrawal or apathy dominating component. Lower GM concentration in bilateral parietal and frontal regions showed worse symptom severity in this profile. In summary, a pICA decomposition suggested BD patients showed distinct mood and apathy profiles differing from the original PANSS subscales, relating to distinct brain structural networks. Structural relationships with symptoms in bipolar disorder are complex. A parallel ICA analysis of PANSS questions and structural images finds two correlated profiles. The first pair links mood symptoms with right temporal regions. The second pair highlights social withdrawal and apathy symptoms linked to bilateral frontal and parietal regions.
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19
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Zheng F, Li C, Zhang D, Cui D, Wang Z, Qiu J. Study on the sub-regions volume of hippocampus and amygdala in schizophrenia. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1025-1036. [PMID: 31367556 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.05.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Many studies have found volume changes in the hippocampus and amygdala in patients with schizophrenia, but these findings have not reached an agreement. Particularly, few results showed the volumes of the sub-regions of the amygdala. In this research, we aim to clarify volume changes of hippocampus and amygdala sub-regions in patients with schizophrenia. Methods The sample consisted of 69 patients with schizophrenia and 72 control subjects aged from 18 to 65 years. FreeSurfer 6.0 software was used on T1-weighted images to assess the volumes of hippocampus and amygdala and their sub-regions. The general linear model (GLM) was used to analyze the volume changes between the two groups. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was performed, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results The hippocampus volume in schizophrenia showed reduction compared to healthy control (P<0.05). Several hippocampal subfields showed smaller volume in schizophrenia patients, including bilateral presubiculum and molecular layer, left hippocampal tail, subiculum and cornus ammonis (CA)1, and right parasubiculum (P<0.05). Left amygdala volume showed a decrease as well, sub-regions including the bilateral basal nucleus, anterior-amygdaloid-area (AAA), paralaminar nucleus and left lateral nucleus (P<0.05). Conclusions Several sub-regions of hippocampus and amygdala showed a volumetric decline in patients group, which suggest the key roles of these regions in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Based on these results, we speculate that these regions could be used to assess the early finding of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Zheng
- Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China.,Imaging-X Joint Laboratory, Taian 271016, China.,College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Chuntong Li
- Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China.,Imaging-X Joint Laboratory, Taian 271016, China.,College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China.,Imaging-X Joint Laboratory, Taian 271016, China.,College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Dong Cui
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science& Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China.,Imaging-X Joint Laboratory, Taian 271016, China.,College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China.,Imaging-X Joint Laboratory, Taian 271016, China.,College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
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20
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Dalkner N, Bengesser SA, Birner A, Fellendorf FT, Hamm C, Platzer M, Pilz R, Queissner R, Rieger A, Weber B, Kapfhammer HP, Weiss EM, Reininghaus EZ. The relationship between "Eyes Reading" ability and verbal memory in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:42-51. [PMID: 30639563 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In psychiatric disorders, neurocognitive impairments are prevalent and have been associated with poor outcome. Deficits in Theory of Mind (ToM, "mentalising") have also been observed in bipolar disorder (BD); however, the literature shows inconsistent data. The aim of this study was to explore ToM performance in a well-characterized sample of euthymic individuals with BD and its relationship with neurocognitive function. One hundred sixteen euthymic patients with BD between 18 and 74 years (mean age = 42.4, SD = 13.8) and 79 healthy controls (mean age = 39.8, SD = 16.5) were investigated with an extensive neurocognitive test battery (Trail Making Test A/B, d2 Test of Attention, Stroop Color-Word Test, California Verbal Learning Test, Multiple Choice Vocabulary Test). Additionally, all participants were given the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) to measure affective ToM, the ability to make assumptions about other people´s feelings. Overall, "Eyes Reading" performance was not impaired in individuals with BD compared with controls. However, a significant relationship between RMET and verbal memory in BD was shown, particularly in males. Data showed worse RMET performance in patients with memory deficits compared to patients without memory deficits and controls. Due to cross-sectional data, no conclusions can be made with respect to cause and effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - S A Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - A Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - F T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - C Hamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - M Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - R Pilz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - R Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - A Rieger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - B Weber
- Department of Biological Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | - H P Kapfhammer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - E M Weiss
- Department of Biological Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | - E Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
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21
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Rodrigue AL, McDowell JE, Tandon N, Keshavan MS, Tamminga CA, Pearlson GD, Sweeney JA, Gibbons RD, Clementz BA. Multivariate Relationships Between Cognition and Brain Anatomy Across the Psychosis Spectrum. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:992-1002. [PMID: 29759822 PMCID: PMC6167203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive and structural brain abnormalities range from mild to severe in psychosis. The relationships of specific cognitive functions to specific brain structures across the psychosis spectrum is less certain. METHODS Participants (n = 678) with bipolar, schizoaffective, or schizophrenia psychoses and healthy control subjects were recruited via the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes. The Schizo-Bipolar Scale was used to create a psychosis continuum (from purely affective to purely nonaffective). Canonical correlation between 14 cognitive measures and structural brain measures (gray matter volume, cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and local gyrification indices) for 68 neocortical regions yielded constructs that defined shared cognition-brain structure relationships. Canonical discriminant analysis was used to integrate these constructs and efficiently summarize cognition-brain structure relationships across the psychosis continuum. RESULTS General cognition was associated with larger gray matter volumes and thicker cortices but smaller cortical surface area in frontoparietal regions. Working memory was associated with larger volume and surface area in frontotemporal regions. Faster response speed was associated with thicker frontal cortices. Constructs that captured general cognitive ability and working memory and their relationship to cortical volumes primarily defined an ordered psychosis spectrum (purely affective, least abnormal through purely nonaffective, and most abnormal). A construct that captured general cognitive ability and its relationship to cortical surface area differentiated purely affective cases from other groups. CONCLUSIONS General cognition and working memory with cortical volume deviations characterized more nonaffective psychoses. Alternatively, affective psychosis cases with general cognitive deficits had deviations in cortical surface area, perhaps accounting for heterogeneous findings across previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Rodrigue
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jennifer E McDowell
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert D Gibbons
- Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
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22
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23
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Antoniades M, Schoeler T, Radua J, Valli I, Allen P, Kempton MJ, McGuire P. Verbal learning and hippocampal dysfunction in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 86:166-175. [PMID: 29223768 PMCID: PMC5818020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis summarizes research examining whether deficits in verbal learning are related to bilateral hippocampal volume reductions in patients with or at risk for schizophrenia and in healthy controls. 17 studies with 755 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), 232 Genetic High Risk (GHR) subjects and 914 healthy controls (HC) were included. Pooled correlation coefficients were calculated between hemisphere (left, right or total) and type of recall (immediate or delayed) for each diagnostic group individually (SCZ, GHR and HC). In SCZ, left and right hippocampal volume positively correlated with immediate (r=0.256, 0.230) and delayed (r=0.132, 0.231) verbal recall. There was also a correlation between total hippocampal volume and delayed recall (r=0.233). None of these correlations were significant in healthy controls. There was however, a positive correlation between left hippocampal volume and immediate recall in the GHR group (r=0.356). The results suggest that hippocampal volume affects immediate and delayed verbal learning capacity in schizophrenia and provides further evidence of hippocampal dysfunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Antoniades
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Tabea Schoeler
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries - CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabel Valli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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24
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Mansueto G, van Nierop M, Schruers K, Alizadeh BZ, Bartels-Velthuis AA, van Beveren NJ, Bruggeman R, Cahn W, de Haan L, Delespaul P, Meijer CJ, Myin-Germeys I, Kahn RS, Schirmbeck F, Simons CJP, van Haren NEM, van Os J, van Winkel R. The role of cognitive functioning in the relationship between childhood trauma and a mixed phenotype of affective-anxious-psychotic symptoms in psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2018; 192:262-268. [PMID: 28416093 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments in patients with psychotic disorder have been associated with poor functioning and increased symptom severity. Furthermore, childhood trauma (CT) exposure has been associated with worse cognitive functioning as well as co-occurrence of affective-anxious-psychosis symptoms or a 'mixed phenotype of psychopathology' (MP), which in turn is associated with greater symptom severity, and poor functioning. This study aims to evaluate if cognition could be associated with CT/MP. 532 patients with non-affective psychotic patients were assessed on CT, symptom profile, cognition, functioning, and symptom severity at baseline and 3 and 6-year follow-up. Four subgroups were made according to trauma exposure (CT- or CT+) and presence of a mixed phenotype (MP- or MP+): CT-/MP (n=272), CT-/MP+ (n=157), CT+/MP- (n=49), and CT+/MP+ (n=54). Mixed-effects multilevel regression, linear regression, and Tobit analyses were performed. Patients with both CT and MP showed lower verbal learning and memory than CT-/MP+ individuals (p<0.001). No other significant differences were found among the 4 subgroups. No cognitive decline was found at follow-up, neither in the CT+/MP- nor in CT-/MP- group. Lower cognition was not associated with increased symptom severity or poor functioning at follow-up, neither in the CT+/MP- nor in CT-/MP- group. Although cognitive impairments and CT may be related to clinical or functional features of psychotic disorder, and cognitive functioning could be affected by CT exposure, cognition does not discriminate subgroups of patients stratified by CT exposure and MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mansueto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martine van Nierop
- KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Schruers
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Dept. of Psychiatry & Psychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Berhooz Z Alizadeh
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agna A Bartels-Velthuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico J van Beveren
- Antes Center for Mental Health Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC, Dept of Psychiatry, Dept. of Neuroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Dept. of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Dept. of Psychiatry & Psychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carin J Meijer
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rene S Kahn
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Dept. of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia J P Simons
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Dept. of Psychiatry & Psychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands; GGzE, Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven and De Kempen, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Dept. of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Dept. of Psychiatry & Psychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands; King's College London, King's Health Partners, Dept. of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070 Kortenberg, Belgium.
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25
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Role of subcortical structures on cognitive and social function in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1183. [PMID: 29352126 PMCID: PMC5775279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcortical regions have a pivotal role in cognitive, affective, and social functions in humans, and the structural and functional abnormalities of the regions have been associated with various psychiatric disorders. Although previous studies focused on the neurocognitive and socio-functional consequences of prefrontal and tempolo-limbic abnormalities in psychiatric disorders, those of subcortical structures remain largely unknown. Recently, MRI volume alterations in subcortical structures in patients with schizophrenia have been replicated in large-scale meta-analytic studies. Here we investigated the relationship between volumes of subcortical structures and neurocognitive and socio-functional indices in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia. First, we replicated the results of meta-analyses: the regional volumes of the bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and nucleus accumbens were significantly smaller for patients (N = 163) than for healthy controls (HCs, N = 620). Second, in the patient group, the right nucleus accumbens volume was significantly correlated with the Digit Symbol Coding score, which is known as a distinctively characteristic index of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Furthermore, the right thalamic volume was significantly correlated with social function scores. In HCs, no significant correlation was found. The results from this large-scale investigation shed light upon the role of specific subcortical nuclei on cognitive and social functioning in schizophrenia.
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26
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Koshiyama D, Fukunaga M, Okada N, Yamashita F, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Ohi K, Fujino H, Watanabe Y, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Subcortical association with memory performance in schizophrenia: a structural magnetic resonance imaging study. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:20. [PMID: 29317603 PMCID: PMC5802568 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory performance is severely impaired in individuals with schizophrenia. Although several studies have reported a relationship between memory performance and hippocampal volume, only a few structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have investigated the relationship between memory performance and subcortical structures other than hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia. We investigated the relationship between memory performance and subcortical regional volumes in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia. Participants included 174 patients with schizophrenia and 638 healthy comparison subjects (HCS). The Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) has three memory indices (verbal immediate recall, visual immediate recall, and delayed recall (verbal plus visual)) and one control neurocognitive index (attention/concentration). We obtained T1-weighted MRI data and measured the bilateral volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, nucleus accumbens (NA), caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower scores for all of the indices of the WMS-R than the HCS. They had more severe impairments in verbal immediate recall and delayed recall than in visual immediate recall and attention/concentration. Verbal immediate recall/delayed recall scores in patients with schizophrenia were significantly correlated not only with hippocampal volume (left: r = 0.34; right: r = 0.28/left: r = 0.33; right: r = 0.31), but also with NA volume (left: r = 0.24; right: r = 0.25/left: r = 0.26; right: r = 0.27). The present investigation with a large sample size did not only replicate hippocampal volume and memory association, but also found that NA volume is associated with memory performances in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koshiyama
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- 0000 0001 2272 1771grid.467811.dDivision of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamashita
- 0000 0000 9613 6383grid.411790.aDivision of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan ,0000 0004 0403 4283grid.412398.5Oncology Center, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruo Fujino
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bGraduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan ,0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bMolecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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27
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Doan NT, Kaufmann T, Bettella F, Jørgensen KN, Brandt CL, Moberget T, Alnæs D, Douaud G, Duff E, Djurovic S, Melle I, Ueland T, Agartz I, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Distinct multivariate brain morphological patterns and their added predictive value with cognitive and polygenic risk scores in mental disorders. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 15:719-731. [PMID: 28702349 PMCID: PMC5491456 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The brain underpinnings of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are multidimensional, reflecting complex pathological processes and causal pathways, requiring multivariate techniques to disentangle. Furthermore, little is known about the complementary clinical value of brain structural phenotypes when combined with data on cognitive performance and genetic risk. Using data-driven fusion of cortical thickness, surface area, and gray matter density maps (GMD), we found six biologically meaningful patterns showing strong group effects, including four statistically independent multimodal patterns reflecting co-occurring alterations in thickness and GMD in patients, over and above two other independent patterns of widespread thickness and area reduction. Case-control classification using cognitive scores alone revealed high accuracy, and adding imaging features or polygenic risk scores increased performance, suggesting their complementary predictive value with cognitive scores being the most sensitive features. Multivariate pattern analyses reveal distinct patterns of brain morphology in mental disorders, provide insights on the relative importance between brain structure, cognitive and polygenetic risk score in classification of patients, and demonstrate the importance of multivariate approaches in studying the pathophysiological substrate of these complex disorders. Linked ICA showed six independent multivariate morphology patterns sensitive to SZ. Machine learning used to compare brain structure, cognitive and genetic scores. Cognition showed highest prediction of SZ, boosted by brain structure or genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Nordbø Jørgensen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Lycke Brandt
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eugene Duff
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Birur B, Kraguljac NV, Shelton RC, Lahti AC. Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder-a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:15. [PMID: 28560261 PMCID: PMC5441538 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-017-0013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since Emil Kraepelin's conceptualization of endogenous psychoses as dementia praecox and manic depression, the separation between primary psychotic disorders and primary affective disorders has been much debated. We conducted a systematic review of case-control studies contrasting magnetic resonance imaging studies in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A literature search in PubMed of studies published between January 2005 and December 2016 was conducted, and 50 structural, 29 functional, 7 magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and 8 combined imaging and genetic studies were deemed eligible for systematic review. Structural neuroimaging studies suggest white matter integrity deficits that are consistent across the illnesses, while gray matter reductions appear more widespread in schizophrenia compared to bipolar disorder. Spectroscopy studies in cortical gray matter report evidence of decreased neuronal integrity in both disorders. Functional neuroimaging studies typically report similar functional architecture of brain networks in healthy controls and patients across the psychosis spectrum, but find differential extent of alterations in task related activation and resting state connectivity between illnesses. The very limited imaging-genetic literature suggests a relationship between psychosis risk genes and brain structure, and possible gene by diagnosis interaction effects on functional imaging markers. While the existing literature suggests some shared and some distinct neural markers in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it will be imperative to conduct large, well designed, multi-modal neuroimaging studies in medication-naïve first episode patients that will be followed longitudinally over the course of their illness in an effort to advance our understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badari Birur
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Nina Vanessa Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Richard C. Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Adrienne Carol Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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29
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Structural and Functional Brain Correlates of Cognitive Impairment in Euthymic Patients with Bipolar Disorder. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158867. [PMID: 27448153 PMCID: PMC4957815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive impairment in the euthymic phase is a well-established finding in bipolar disorder. However, its brain structural and/or functional correlates are uncertain. Methods Thirty-three euthymic bipolar patients with preserved memory and executive function and 28 euthymic bipolar patients with significant memory and/or executive impairment, as defined using two test batteries, the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) and the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS), plus 28 healthy controls underwent structural MRI using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Twenty-seven of the cognitively preserved patients, 23 of the cognitively impaired patients and 28 controls also underwent fMRI during performance of the n-back working memory task. Results No clusters of grey or white matter volume difference were found between the two patient groups. During n-back performance, the cognitively impaired patients showed hypoactivation compared to the cognitively preserved patients in a circumscribed region in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Both patient groups showed failure of de-activation in the medial frontal cortex compared to the healthy controls. Conclusions Cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients appears from this study to be unrelated to structural brain abnormality, but there was some evidence for an association with altered prefrontal function.
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Hozer F, Houenou J. Can neuroimaging disentangle bipolar disorder? J Affect Disord 2016; 195:199-214. [PMID: 26896814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder heterogeneity is large, leading to difficulties in identifying neuropathophysiological and etiological mechanisms and hindering the formation of clinically homogeneous patient groups in clinical trials. Identifying markers of clinically more homogeneous groups would help disentangle BD heterogeneity. Neuroimaging may aid in identifying such groups by highlighting specific biomarkers of BD subtypes or clinical dimensions. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search of the neuroimaging literature assessing biomarkers of relevant BD phenotypes (type-I vs. II, presence vs. absence of psychotic features, suicidal behavior and impulsivity, rapid cycling, good vs. poor medication response, age at onset, cognitive performance and circadian abnormalities). RESULTS Consistent biomarkers were associated with suicidal behavior, i.e. frontal/anterior alterations (prefrontal and cingulate grey matter, prefrontal white matter) in patients with a history of suicide attempts; and with cognitive performance, i.e. involvement of frontal and temporal regions, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, right thalamic radiation, and corpus callosum in executive dysfunctions. For the other dimensions and sub-types studied, no consistent biomarkers were identified. LIMITATIONS Studies were heterogeneous both in methodology and outcome. CONCLUSIONS Though theoretically promising, neuroimaging has not yet proven capable of disentangling subtypes and dimensions of bipolar disorder, due to high between-study heterogeneity. We issue recommendations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Hozer
- Neurospin, UNIACT, Psychiatry Team, I2BM, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; INSERM U955, IMRB, Université Paris Est, Equipe 15 "Psychiatrie Translationnelle", Créteil F-94000, France; Fondation Fondamental, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Josselin Houenou
- Neurospin, UNIACT, Psychiatry Team, I2BM, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; INSERM U955, IMRB, Université Paris Est, Equipe 15 "Psychiatrie Translationnelle", Créteil F-94000, France; Fondation Fondamental, Créteil F-94010, France; AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, DHU PePsy, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil F-94000, France.
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Rich AM, Cho YT, Tang Y, Savic A, Krystal JH, Wang F, Xu K, Anticevic A. Amygdala volume is reduced in early course schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2016; 250:50-60. [PMID: 27035063 PMCID: PMC4904038 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subcortical structural alterations have been implicated in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Yet, the extent of anatomical alterations for subcortical structures across illness phases remains unknown. To assess this, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine volume differences of major subcortical structures: thalamus, nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, amygdala and hippocampus. These differences were examined across four groups: (i) healthy comparison subjects (HCS, n=96); (ii) individuals at high risk (HR, n=21) for schizophrenia; (iii) early-course schizophrenia patients (EC-SCZ, n=28); and (iv) chronic schizophrenia patients (C-SCZ, n=20). Raw gray matter volumes and volumetric ratios (volume of specific structure/total gray matter volume) were extracted using automated segmentation tools. EC-SCZ group exhibited smaller bilateral amygdala volumetric ratios, compared to HCS and HR subjects. Findings did not change when corrected for age, level of education and medication use. Amygdala raw volumes did not differ among groups once adjusted for multiple comparisons, but the smaller amygdala volumetric ratio in EC-SCZ survived Bonferroni correction. Other structures were not different across the groups following Bonferroni correction. Smaller amygdala volumes during early illness course may reflect pathophysiologic changes specific to illness development, including disrupted salience processing and acute stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson M Rich
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Youngsun T Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Aleksandar Savic
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, CT 06520, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Chakrabarty T, Kozicky JM, Torres IJ, Lam RW, Yatham LN. Verbal memory impairment in new onset bipolar disorder: Relationship with frontal and medial temporal morphology. World J Biol Psychiatry 2015; 16:249-60. [PMID: 25708742 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2014.1000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Verbal memory (VM) impairment is a trait feature of bipolar I disorder (BDI) that is present at illness onset and associated with functional outcome. However, little is known about the morphological abnormalities underlying this deficit early in the disease course. This study examined the neurobiological correlates of VM impairment in euthymic newly diagnosed patients, with attention to frontal and medial temporal (MT) structures known to contribute to VM. METHODS Euthymic patients with BDI recently recovered from their first episode of mania (n = 42) were compared with healthy subjects (n = 37) using measures of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II) associated with frontal and MT functioning. A subset of participants had 3T MRI scan (n = 31 patient group, n = 30 healthy subject group). Hippocampal and prefrontal volumes were analyzed using FreeSurfer 5.1 and correlated with their corresponding CVLT-II subscores. RESULTS Patients showed decreased performance in total learning as well as short and long delay verbal recall. Consistent with MT dysfunction, they also showed deficits in recognition discriminability and learning slope. In the patient group only, left hippocampal volumes were negatively correlated with these measures. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that anomalous MT functioning is involved with VM impairment early in the course of BDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Chakrabarty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
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Fears SC, Schür R, Sjouwerman R, Service SK, Araya C, Araya X, Bejarano J, Knowles E, Gomez-Makhinson J, Lopez MC, Aldana I, Teshiba TM, Abaryan Z, Al-Sharif NB, Navarro L, Tishler TA, Altshuler L, Bartzokis G, Escobar JI, Glahn DC, Thompson PM, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Macaya G, Molina J, Reus VI, Sabatti C, Cantor RM, Freimer NB, Bearden CE. Brain structure-function associations in multi-generational families genetically enriched for bipolar disorder. Brain 2015; 138:2087-102. [PMID: 25943422 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent theories regarding the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder suggest contributions of both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative processes. While structural neuroimaging studies indicate disease-associated neuroanatomical alterations, the behavioural correlates of these alterations have not been well characterized. Here, we investigated multi-generational families genetically enriched for bipolar disorder to: (i) characterize neurobehavioural correlates of neuroanatomical measures implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder; (ii) identify brain-behaviour associations that differ between diagnostic groups; (iii) identify neurocognitive traits that show evidence of accelerated ageing specifically in subjects with bipolar disorder; and (iv) identify brain-behaviour correlations that differ across the age span. Structural neuroimages and multi-dimensional assessments of temperament and neurocognition were acquired from 527 (153 bipolar disorder and 374 non-bipolar disorder) adults aged 18-87 years in 26 families with heavy genetic loading for bipolar disorder. We used linear regression models to identify significant brain-behaviour associations and test whether brain-behaviour relationships differed: (i) between diagnostic groups; and (ii) as a function of age. We found that total cortical and ventricular volume had the greatest number of significant behavioural associations, and included correlations with measures from multiple cognitive domains, particularly declarative and working memory and executive function. Cortical thickness measures, in contrast, showed more specific associations with declarative memory, letter fluency and processing speed tasks. While the majority of brain-behaviour relationships were similar across diagnostic groups, increased cortical thickness in ventrolateral prefrontal and parietal cortical regions was associated with better declarative memory only in bipolar disorder subjects, and not in non-bipolar disorder family members. Additionally, while age had a relatively strong impact on all neurocognitive traits, the effects of age on cognition did not differ between diagnostic groups. Most brain-behaviour associations were also similar across the age range, with the exception of cortical and ventricular volume and lingual gyrus thickness, which showed weak correlations with verbal fluency and inhibitory control at younger ages that increased in magnitude in older subjects, regardless of diagnosis. Findings indicate that neuroanatomical traits potentially impacted by bipolar disorder are significantly associated with multiple neurobehavioural domains. Structure-function relationships are generally preserved across diagnostic groups, with the notable exception of ventrolateral prefrontal and parietal association cortex, volumetric increases in which may be associated with cognitive resilience specifically in individuals with bipolar disorder. Although age impacted all neurobehavioural traits, we did not find any evidence of accelerated cognitive decline specific to bipolar disorder subjects. Regardless of diagnosis, greater global brain volume may represent a protective factor for the effects of ageing on executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Fears
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Remmelt Schür
- 2 Academisch Medisch Centrum, Department of Paediatric Neurology/Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Sjouwerman
- 3 University Medical Centre Utrecht, Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan K Service
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carmen Araya
- 4 Cell and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Xinia Araya
- 4 Cell and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Bejarano
- 4 Cell and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Emma Knowles
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Centre, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Juliana Gomez-Makhinson
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maria C Lopez
- 6 Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría [Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)], Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ileana Aldana
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Terri M Teshiba
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zvart Abaryan
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Noor B Al-Sharif
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda Navarro
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Todd A Tishler
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lori Altshuler
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - George Bartzokis
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Javier I Escobar
- 7 Department of Psychiatry and Family Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Centre, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- 6 Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría [Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)], Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Macaya
- 4 Cell and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Molina
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA 8 BioCiencias Laboratory, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Victor I Reus
- 9 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chiara Sabatti
- 10 Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rita M Cantor
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA 11 Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Hippocampal structure and function in individuals with bipolar disorder: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 2015; 174:113-25. [PMID: 25496759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder accompanied by deficits in declarative memory. Given the importance of the hippocampus in declarative memory, it is not surprising that BD patients have been reported to show hippocampal abnormalities. OBJECTIVES Review evidence about structural and functional hippocampal abnormalities in BD. METHODS Systematic review of studies comparing BD patients and healthy controls with respect to hippocampal structure or function. RESULTS Twenty-five studies were included, together involving 1043 patients, 21 of which compared patients to controls. Decrease in hippocampal volume was found in four of 18 studies using adult samples, and two of three samples using adolescents. Four studies revealed localized hippocampal deficits. Meta-analysis revealed a significant but small effect with lower hippocampal volumes when comparing all BD patients with controls. Lithium treatment was associated with larger hippocampal volumes across studies. The three functional studies yielded contradictory evidence. LIMITATIONS Studies were only cross-sectional in nature and all used MRI or fMRI to investigate hippocampal volume or function. Heterogeneous patients groups and different methodologies for hippocampal segmentation, may have contributed to difficulties when comparing the different studies. CONCLUSIONS There seems to be a small reduction in hippocampal volume in BD, which perhaps is more pronounced in early-onset BD and is counteracted by a neuroprotective effect of lithium treatment. However, how these structural abnormalities relate to functional deficits is largely unclear. Given the few functional neuroimaging studies and given the lack of congruence in these results, further investigation of especially hippocampal function in BD is recommended.
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Shepherd AM, Quidé Y, Laurens KR, O’Reilly N, Rowland JE, Mitchell PB, Carr VJ, Green MJ. Shared intermediate phenotypes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: neuroanatomical features of subtypes distinguished by executive dysfunction. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015; 40:58-68. [PMID: 25268788 PMCID: PMC4275333 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.130283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shared genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may be associated with common neuroanatomical features. In view of the evidence for working memory dysfunction as a candidate intermediate phenotype for both disorders, we explored neuroanatomical distinctions between subtypes defined according to working memory (n-back task) performance. METHODS We analyzed T1-weighted MRI scans for patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, bipolar-I disorder (BD-I) and healthy controls. The VBM8 toolbox was used to assess differences in grey and white matter volume across traditional diagnostic groups (schizophrenia v. BD-I). Subsequently, groups were defined as "executively spared" (ES) based on the achievement of greater than 50% accuracy in the 2-back task performance (comparable to performance in the control group) or "executively deficit" (ED) based on the achievement of less than 50% accuracy. RESULTS Our study included 40 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, 30 patients with BD-I and 34 controls. Both the schizophrenia and BD-I groups showed grey matter volume reductions relative to the control group, but not relative to each other. The ED subtype (n = 32 [10 BD-I, 22 schizophrenia]) showed grey matter volume reductions in the bilateral superior and medial frontal gyri, right inferior opercular gyri and hippocampus relative to controls. The ES subtype (n = 38 [20 BD-I, 18 schizophrenia]) showed grey matter volume reductions in the right precuneus and left superior and medial orbital frontal gyri relative to controls. The ED subtype showed grey matter volume reduction in the right inferior frontal and precentral gyri relative to the ES subtype. There were no significant differences in white matter volume in any group comparisons. LIMITATIONS This analysis was limited by small sample sizes. Further, insufficient numbers were available to assess a control-deficit comparison group. We were unable to assess the effects of mood stabilizer dose on brain structure. CONCLUSION Neuroanatomical commonalities are evident among patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and BD-I with working memory deficits. Reduced inferior frontal lobe volume may mediate cognitive deficits shared across the psychosis-mood spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M. Shepherd
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Laurens, O’Reilly, Rowland, Mitchell, Carr, Green); Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Quidé, Laurens, Carr, Green); Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (Laurens); Black Dog Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Mitchell, Green); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney NSW, Australia (Green)
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Laurens, O’Reilly, Rowland, Mitchell, Carr, Green); Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Quidé, Laurens, Carr, Green); Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (Laurens); Black Dog Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Mitchell, Green); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney NSW, Australia (Green)
| | - Kristin R. Laurens
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Laurens, O’Reilly, Rowland, Mitchell, Carr, Green); Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Quidé, Laurens, Carr, Green); Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (Laurens); Black Dog Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Mitchell, Green); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney NSW, Australia (Green)
| | - Nicole O’Reilly
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Laurens, O’Reilly, Rowland, Mitchell, Carr, Green); Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Quidé, Laurens, Carr, Green); Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (Laurens); Black Dog Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Mitchell, Green); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney NSW, Australia (Green)
| | - Jesseca E. Rowland
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Laurens, O’Reilly, Rowland, Mitchell, Carr, Green); Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Quidé, Laurens, Carr, Green); Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (Laurens); Black Dog Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Mitchell, Green); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney NSW, Australia (Green)
| | - Philip B. Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Laurens, O’Reilly, Rowland, Mitchell, Carr, Green); Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Quidé, Laurens, Carr, Green); Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (Laurens); Black Dog Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Mitchell, Green); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney NSW, Australia (Green)
| | - Vaughan J. Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Laurens, O’Reilly, Rowland, Mitchell, Carr, Green); Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Quidé, Laurens, Carr, Green); Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (Laurens); Black Dog Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Mitchell, Green); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney NSW, Australia (Green)
| | - Melissa J. Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Laurens, O’Reilly, Rowland, Mitchell, Carr, Green); Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Shepherd, Quidé, Laurens, Carr, Green); Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (Laurens); Black Dog Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia (Mitchell, Green); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney NSW, Australia (Green)
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Time perception networks and cognition in schizophrenia: a review and a proposal. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:737-44. [PMID: 25219610 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Timing is an essential function for the survival of many living organisms. Despite its significance, it is relatively under-researched, particularly in schizophrenia. We examined neurophysiological, neuropathological, imaging and genetic studies of both healthy subjects and subjects suffering from schizophrenia in relation to time perception as measured by interval timing. We found that the data from studies in healthy populations indicate that time perception may be inter-linked with numerous other cognitive functions and share common brain networks. The same networks are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. There is also evidence that several neurotransmitter systems, particularly the dopaminergic D2 system, are involved in interval timing. Patients with schizophrenia have been shown to suffer from a distorted sense of time, which has an impact on their cognitive function and results in both positive and negative symptoms. Therefore, genes involved in interval timing can be considered candidate genes for distorted cognition in schizophrenia. We discuss the hypothesis that time perception dysfunction is a primary cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Gould IC, Shepherd AM, Laurens KR, Cairns MJ, Carr VJ, Green MJ. Multivariate neuroanatomical classification of cognitive subtypes in schizophrenia: a support vector machine learning approach. Neuroimage Clin 2014; 6:229-36. [PMID: 25379435 PMCID: PMC4215428 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the structural brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia has made identification of reliable neuroanatomical markers of the disease difficult. The use of more homogenous clinical phenotypes may improve the accuracy of predicting psychotic disorder/s on the basis of observable brain disturbances. Here we investigate the utility of cognitive subtypes of schizophrenia - 'cognitive deficit' and 'cognitively spared' - in determining whether multivariate patterns of volumetric brain differences can accurately discriminate these clinical subtypes from healthy controls, and from each other. We applied support vector machine classification to grey- and white-matter volume data from 126 schizophrenia patients previously allocated to the cognitive spared subtype, 74 cognitive deficit schizophrenia patients, and 134 healthy controls. Using this method, cognitive subtypes were distinguished from healthy controls with up to 72% accuracy. Cross-validation analyses between subtypes achieved an accuracy of 71%, suggesting that some common neuroanatomical patterns distinguish both subtypes from healthy controls. Notably, cognitive subtypes were best distinguished from one another when the sample was stratified by sex prior to classification analysis: cognitive subtype classification accuracy was relatively low (<60%) without stratification, and increased to 83% for females with sex stratification. Distinct neuroanatomical patterns predicted cognitive subtype status in each sex: sex-specific multivariate patterns did not predict cognitive subtype status in the other sex above chance, and weight map analyses demonstrated negative correlations between the spatial patterns of weights underlying classification for each sex. These results suggest that in typical mixed-sex samples of schizophrenia patients, the volumetric brain differences between cognitive subtypes are relatively minor in contrast to the large common disease-associated changes. Volumetric differences that distinguish between cognitive subtypes on a case-by-case basis appear to occur in a sex-specific manner that is consistent with previous evidence of disrupted relationships between brain structure and cognition in male, but not female, schizophrenia patients. Consideration of sex-specific differences in brain organization is thus likely to assist future attempts to distinguish subgroups of schizophrenia patients on the basis of neuroanatomical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. Gould
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alana M. Shepherd
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristin R. Laurens
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Vaughan J. Carr
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Green
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Avery SN, Williams LE, Woolard AA, Heckers S. Relational memory and hippocampal function in psychotic bipolar disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 264:10.1007/s00406-013-0442-z. [PMID: 24022592 PMCID: PMC3952027 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-013-0442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent cognitive, genetic, and histological studies have highlighted significant overlap between psychotic bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Specifically, both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are characterized by interneuron dysfunction within the hippocampus, an essential structure for relational memory. Relational memory impairments are a common feature of schizophrenia, but have yet to be investigated in psychotic bipolar disorder. Here, we tested the hypothesis that psychotic bipolar disorder is characterized by relational memory deficits. We used a transitive inference (TI) paradigm, previously employed to quantify relational memory deficits in schizophrenia, to assess relational memory performance in 17 patients with psychotic bipolar disorder and 22 demographically matched control participants. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine hippocampal activity during recognition memory in patients and controls. Hippocampal volumes were assessed by manual segmentation. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found similar TI performance, hippocampal volume, and hippocampal recruitment during recognition memory in both groups. Both psychotic bipolar disorder patients and controls exhibited a positive correlation between hippocampal volume and relational memory performance. These data indicate that relational memory impairments are not a shared feature of non-affective and affective psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N. Avery
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa E. Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Austin A. Woolard
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, Vanderbilt University, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Room 3060, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, Vanderbilt University, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Room 3060, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Qiu A, Gan SC, Wang Y, Sim K. Amygdala-hippocampal shape and cortical thickness abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia and mania. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1353-1363. [PMID: 23186886 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712002218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in cortical thickness and subcortical structures have been studied in schizophrenia but little is known about corresponding changes in mania and brain structural differences between these two psychiatric conditions, especially early in the stage of the illness. In this study we aimed to compare cortical thickness and shape of the amygdala-hippocampal complex in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and mania (FEM). Method Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 28 FES patients, 28 FEM patients and 28 healthy control subjects who were matched for age, gender and handedness. RESULTS Overall, the shape of the amygdala was deformed in both patient groups, relative to controls. Compared to FEM patients, FES patients had significant inward shape deformation in the left hippocampal tail, right hippocampal body and a small region in the right amygdala. Cortical thinning was more widespread in FES patients, with significant differences found in the temporal brain regions when compared with FEM and controls. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences were observed between the two groups of patients with FES and FEM in terms of the hippocampal shape and cortical thickness in the temporal region, highlighting that distinguishable brain structural changes are present early in the course of schizophrenia and mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Qiu
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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40
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Hovington CL, Bodnar M, Joober R, Malla AK, Lepage M. Impairment in verbal memory observed in first episode psychosis patients with persistent negative symptoms. Schizophr Res 2013; 147:223-9. [PMID: 23628602 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms are present early on during the first episode of psychosis (FEP). The severity of these symptoms has been linked to cognitive deficits, including memory; however, its relationship with persistent negative symptoms (PNS) remains unclear. Thus, the goals of the current paper were to explore memory profiles in FEP patients identified as having PNS and to delineate this relationship in PNS over a 1-year period. Patients diagnosed as having a first episode of psychosis were segregated into groups of patients who met the criteria for PNS (N = 39) and patients who did not, or non-PNS (N = 97). At an initial assessment, all subjects were administered neurocognitive tests for three memory domains including verbal, visual and working memory. In addition, in FEP patients, clinical symptoms including negative, positive and depressive symptoms were also measured at the initial assessment as well as months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12. A significant interaction of memory × group was observed (F = 4.997, d.f. = 1,181, P = 0.002), with post hoc comparisons indicating that the PNS group performed more poorly than non-PNS only in the verbal memory domain. All three-memory domains remained stable over time. Hence, in comparison to non-PNS patients, FEP patients with PNS appear to have greater (selective) verbal memory impairments throughout the first year of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Hovington
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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41
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Three-dimensional mapping of hippocampal and amygdalar structure in euthymic adults with bipolar disorder not treated with lithium. Psychiatry Res 2013; 211:195-201. [PMID: 23149020 PMCID: PMC3594485 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Structural neuroimaging studies of the amygdala and hippocampus in bipolar disorder have been largely inconsistent. This may be due in part to differences in the proportion of subjects taking lithium or experiencing an acute mood state, as both factors have recently been shown to influence gray matter structure. To avoid these problems, we evaluated euthymic subjects not currently taking lithium. Thirty-two subjects with bipolar type I disorder and 32 healthy subjects were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging. Subcortical regions were manually traced, and converted to three-dimensional meshes to evaluate the main effect of bipolar illness on radial distance. Statistical analyses found no evidence for a main effect of bipolar illness in either region, although exploratory analyses found a significant age by diagnosis interaction in the right amygdala, as well as positive associations between radial distance of the left amygdala and both prior hospitalizations for mania and current medication status. These findings suggest that, when not treated with lithium or in an acute mood state, patients with bipolar disorder exhibit no structural abnormalities of the amygdala or hippocampus. Future studies, nevertheless, that further elucidate the impact of age, course of illness, and medication on amygdala structure in bipolar disorder are warranted.
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42
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Hoy K, Barrett S, Shannon C, Campbell C, Watson D, Rushe T, Shevlin M, Bai F, Cooper S, Mulholland C. Childhood trauma and hippocampal and amygdalar volumes in first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2012; 38:1162-9. [PMID: 21799213 PMCID: PMC3494041 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A history of childhood trauma is common in individuals who later develop psychosis. Similar neuroanatomical abnormalities are observed in people who have been exposed to childhood trauma and people with psychosis. However, the relationship between childhood trauma and such abnormalities in psychosis has not been investigated. This study aimed to explore the association between the experience of childhood trauma and hippocampal and amygdalar volumes in a first-episode psychosis (FEP) population. METHODS The study employed an observational retrospective design. Twenty-one individuals, who had previously undergone magnetic resonance imaging procedures as part of the longitudinal Northern Ireland First-Episode Psychosis Study, completed measures assessing traumatic experiences and were included in the analysis. Data were subject to correlation analyses (r and r (pb)). Potential confounding variables (age at FEP and delay to scan from recruitment) were selected a priori for inclusion in multiple regression analyses. RESULTS There was a high prevalence of lifetime (95%) and childhood (76%) trauma in the sample. The experience of childhood trauma was a significant predictor of left hippocampal volume, although age at FEP also significantly contributed to this model. There was no significant association between predictor variables and right hippocampal volume. The experience of childhood trauma was a significant predictor of right and total amygdalar volumes and the hippocampal/amygdalar complex volume as a whole. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that childhood trauma is associated with neuroanatomical measures in FEP. Future research controlling for childhood traumatic experiences may contribute to explaining brain morphology in people with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Hoy
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Suzanne Barrett
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Ciaran Shannon
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +44-28- 90975447, fax: +44-28-90974222, e-mail:
| | - Clodagh Campbell
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - David Watson
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Teresa Rushe
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Feng Bai
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Stephen Cooper
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland
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43
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent research has highlighted the phenotypic and genetic overlap of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder parallel those seen in schizophrenia, particularly for bipolar disorder patients with a history of psychotic features. Here we explored whether relational memory deficits, which are prominent in schizophrenia, are also present in patients with psychotic bipolar disorder. METHODS We tested 25 patients with psychotic bipolar disorder on a relational memory paradigm previously employed to quantify deficits in schizophrenia. During the training, participants learned to associate a set of faces and background scenes. During the testing, participants viewed a single background overlaid by three trained faces and were asked to recall the matching face, which was either present (Match trials) or absent (Non-Match trials). Explicit recognition and eye-movement data were collected and compared to those for 28 schizophrenia patients and 27 healthy subjects from a previously published dataset. RESULTS Contrary to our prediction, we found psychotic bipolar disorder patients were less impaired in relational memory than schizophrenia subjects. Bipolar disorder subjects showed eye-movement behavior similar to healthy controls, whereas schizophrenia subjects were impaired relative to both groups. However, bipolar disorder patients with current delusions and/or hallucinations were more impaired than bipolar disorder patients not currently experiencing these symptoms. CONCLUSIONS We found that patients with psychotic bipolar disorder had better relational memory performance than schizophrenia patients, indicating that a history of psychotic symptoms does not lead to a significant relational memory deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa E Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Neal Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA,Amnesia Research Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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44
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Watson DR, Bai F, Barrett SL, Turkington A, Rushe TM, Mulholland CC, Cooper SJ. Structural changes in the hippocampus and amygdala at first episode of psychosis. Brain Imaging Behav 2012; 6:49-60. [PMID: 22045236 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-011-9141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampus and amygdala changes have been implicated in the pathophysiology and symptomatology of both schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). However relationships between illness course, neuropathological changes and variations in symptomatology remain unclear. This investigation examined the associations between hippocampus and amygdala volumes and symptom dimensions in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients after their first episode of psychosis. Symptom severity was associated with decreases in hippocampus/amygdala complex volume across groups. In keeping with previous work bilateral hippocampus and amygdala volume reductions were also identified in the SCZ patients while in BD patients only evidence of amygdala inflation reached significance. The study concludes that there appear to be important relationships between volume changes in the hippocampus and amygdala and dimensions and severity of symptomatology in psychosis. Structural alterations are apparent in both SCZ and BD after first episode of psychosis but present differently in each illness and are more severe in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Watson
- Computational Neuroscience, ISRC, University of Ulster (Magee), Northland Road, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK.
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45
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Aas M, Navari S, Gibbs A, Mondelli V, Fisher HL, Morgan C, Morgan K, MacCabe J, Reichenberg A, Zanelli J, Fearon P, Jones PB, Murray RM, Pariante CM, Dazzan P. Is there a link between childhood trauma, cognition, and amygdala and hippocampus volume in first-episode psychosis? Schizophr Res 2012; 137:73-9. [PMID: 22353995 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Patients with psychosis have higher rates of childhood trauma, which is also associated with adverse effects on cognitive functions such as attention, concentration and mental speed, language, and verbal intelligence. Although the pathophysiological substrate for this association remains unclear, these cognitive deficits may represent the functional correlate of changes observed in relation to trauma exposure in structures such as the amygdala and the hippocampus. Interestingly, these structures are often reported as altered in psychosis. This study investigated the association between childhood trauma, cognitive function and amygdala and hippocampus volume, in first-episode psychosis. We investigated 83 patients with first-episode psychosis and 63 healthy controls. All participants underwent an MRI scan acquired with a GE Sigma 1.5-T system, and a standardized neuropsychological assessment of general cognition, memory, processing speed, executive function, visuo-spatial abilities, verbal intelligence, and language. In a subsample of the patients (N=45) information on childhood trauma was collected with the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q). We found that amygdala, but not hippocampus, volume was significantly smaller (p=0.001) in patients compared to healthy controls. There was a trend level interaction for hippocampus volume between group and sex (p=0.056). A history of childhood trauma was associated with both worse cognitive performance and smaller amygdala volume. This smaller amygdala appeared to mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and performance on executive function, language and verbal intelligence in patients with psychosis. This points to a complex relationship between childhood trauma exposure, cognitive function and amygdala volume in first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Aas
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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46
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Kandratavicius L, Hallak JE, Young LT, Assirati JA, Carlotti CG, Leite JP. Differential aberrant sprouting in temporal lobe epilepsy with psychiatric co-morbidities. Psychiatry Res 2012; 195:144-50. [PMID: 21741094 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric co-morbidities in epilepsy are common in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Pathological alterations in TLE are well characterised; however, neuropathologic data are relatively scale regarding the association between psychiatric diseases and epilepsy. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical data of 46 adult TLE patients with and without psychiatric co-morbidities and to correlate the data with hippocampal neuronal density and mossy fiber sprouting. Accordingly, patients were grouped as follows: TLE patients without history of psychiatric disorder (TLE, n=16), TLE patients with interictal psychosis (TLE+P, n=14), and TLE patients with major depression (TLE+D, n=16). Hippocampi from autopsies served as non-epileptic controls (n=10). TLE+P exhibited significantly diminished mossy fiber sprouting and decreased neuronal density in the entorhinal cortex when compared with TLE. TLE+P showed significantly poorer results in verbal memory tasks. TLE+D exhibited significantly increased mossy fiber sprouting length when compared with TLE and TLE+P. Further, a higher proportion of TLE+D and TLE+P presented secondarily generalised seizures than did TLE. Our results indicate that TLE patients with psychiatric disorders have distinct features when compared with TLE patients without psychiatric co-morbidities and that these changes may be involved in either the manifestation or the maintenance of psychiatric co-morbidities in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmyla Kandratavicius
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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47
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Hartberg CB, Sundet K, Rimol LM, Haukvik UK, Lange EH, Nesvåg R, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Agartz I. Subcortical brain volumes relate to neurocognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1122-30. [PMID: 21457744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similar patterns of subcortical brain abnormalities and neurocognitive dysfunction have been demonstrated in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, with more extensive findings in schizophrenia. It is unknown whether relationships between subcortical volumes and neurocognitive performance are similar or different between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. METHODS MRI scans and neuropsychological test performance were obtained from 117 schizophrenia or 121 bipolar spectrum disorder patients and 192 healthy control subjects. Using the FreeSurfer software, volumes of 18 selected subcortical structures were automatically segmented and analyzed for relationships with results from 7 neurocognitive tests. RESULTS In schizophrenia, larger left ventricular volumes were related to poorer motor speed, and bilateral putamen volumes were related to poorer verbal learning, executive functioning and working memory performance. In bipolar disorder, larger left ventricular volumes were related to poorer motor speed and executive functioning. The relationship between left putamen volume and working memory was specific to schizophrenia. The relationships between left inferior lateral ventricles and motor speed and between right putamen volumes and executive functioning were similar in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and different from healthy controls. The results remained significant after corrections for use of antipsychotic medication. Significant structure-function relationships were also found when all subjects were combined into one group. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that there are differences as well as similarities in subcortical structure/function relationships between patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and healthy individuals. The observed differences further suggest that ventricular and putamen volume sizes may reflect severity of cognitive dysfunction in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie B Hartberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Section, University of Oslo, Norway.
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48
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Wüstenberg T, Begemann M, Bartels C, Gefeller O, Stawicki S, Hinze-Selch D, Mohr A, Falkai P, Aldenhoff JB, Knauth M, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Recombinant human erythropoietin delays loss of gray matter in chronic schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:26-36, 1. [PMID: 20479759 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2010.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental abnormalities together with neurodegenerative processes contribute to schizophrenia, an etiologically heterogeneous, complex disease phenotype that has been difficult to model in animals. The neurodegenerative component of schizophrenia is best documented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), demonstrating progressive cortical gray matter loss over time. No treatment exists to counteract this slowly proceeding atrophy. The hematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin (EPO) is neuroprotective in animals. Here, we show by voxel-based morphometry in 32 human subjects in a placebo-controlled study that weekly high-dose EPO for as little as 3 months halts the progressive atrophy in brain areas typically affected in schizophrenia, including hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and several neocortical areas. Specifically, gray matter protection is highly associated with improvement in attention and memory functions. These findings suggest that a neuroprotective strategy is effective against common pathophysiological features of schizophrenic patients, and strongly encourage follow-up studies to optimize EPO treatment dose and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wüstenberg
- Department of Neuroradiology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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49
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Leung M, Cheung C, Yu K, Yip B, Sham P, Li Q, Chua S, McAlonan G. Gray matter in first-episode schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic drug treatment. Anatomical likelihood estimation meta-analyses with sample size weighting. Schizophr Bull 2011; 37:199-211. [PMID: 19759093 PMCID: PMC3004197 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbp099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral morphological abnormalities in schizophrenia may be modulated by treatment, chronicity, and duration of illness. Comparing brain imaging studies of individuals with first-episode schizophrenia and neuroleptic naive (NN-FES) with that of their neuroleptic-treated counterparts (NT-FES) can help to dissect out the effect of these potential confounders. METHODS We used the anatomical likelihood estimation method to compare voxel-based morphometric studies of NN-FES (n = 162 patients) and NT-FES (n = 336 patients) studies. The analysis included a sample size weighting step based on the Liptak-Stouffer method to reflect the greater power of larger studies. RESULTS Patient samples were matched for age, gender, and duration of illness. An extensive network of gray matter deficits in frontal, temporal, insular, striatal, posterior cingulate, and cerebellar regions was detected in the NN-FES samples as compared with healthy controls. Major deficits were detected in the frontal, superior temporal, insular, and parahippocampal regions for the NT-FES group compared with the NN-FES group. In addition, the NT-FES group showed minor deficits in the caudate, cingulate, and inferior temporal regions compared with the NN-FES group. There were no regions with gray matter volumetric excess in the NT-FES group. CONCLUSION Frontal, striato-limbic, and temporal morphological abnormalities are present in the early stage of schizophrenia and are unrelated to the effects of neuroleptic treatment, chronicity, and duration of illness. There may be dynamic effects of treatment on striato-limbic and temporal, but not frontal, regional gray matter volumes of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meikei Leung
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Charlton Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Benjamin Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pak Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Siew Chua
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +852-28199564, fax: +852-28551345, e-mail:
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50
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Cheung C, Yu K, Fung G, Leung M, Wong C, Li Q, Sham P, Chua S, McAlonan G. Autistic disorders and schizophrenia: related or remote? An anatomical likelihood estimation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12233. [PMID: 20805880 PMCID: PMC2923607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Shared genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified for autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia. Social interaction, communication, emotion processing, sensorimotor gating and executive function are disrupted in both, stimulating debate about whether these are related conditions. Brain imaging studies constitute an informative and expanding resource to determine whether brain structural phenotype of these disorders is distinct or overlapping. We aimed to synthesize existing datasets characterizing ASD and schizophrenia within a common framework, to quantify their structural similarities. In a novel modification of Anatomical Likelihood Estimation (ALE), 313 foci were extracted from 25 voxel-based studies comprising 660 participants (308 ASD, 352 first-episode schizophrenia) and 801 controls. The results revealed that, compared to controls, lower grey matter volumes within limbic-striato-thalamic circuitry were common to ASD and schizophrenia. Unique features of each disorder included lower grey matter volume in amygdala, caudate, frontal and medial gyrus for schizophrenia and putamen for autism. Thus, in terms of brain volumetrics, ASD and schizophrenia have a clear degree of overlap that may reflect shared etiological mechanisms. However, the distinctive neuroanatomy also mapped in each condition raises the question about how this is arrived in the context of common etiological pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlton Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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