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Siddique F, Lee BK. Predicting adolescent psychopathology from early life factors: A machine learning tutorial. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 8:100161. [PMID: 39279846 PMCID: PMC11402309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The successful implementation and interpretation of machine learning (ML) models in epidemiological studies can be challenging without an extensive programming background. We provide a didactic example of machine learning for risk prediction in this study by determining whether early life factors could be useful for predicting adolescent psychopathology. Methods In total, 9643 adolescents ages 9-10 from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study were included in ML analysis to predict high Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores (i.e., t-scores ≥ 60). ML models were constructed using a series of predictor combinations (prenatal, family history, sociodemographic) across 5 different algorithms. We assessed ML performance through sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC) metrics. Results A total of 1267 adolescents (13.1 %) were found to have high CBCL scores. The best performing algorithms were elastic net and gradient boosted trees. The best performing elastic net models included prenatal and family history factors (Sensitivity 0.654, Specificity 0.713; AUC 0.742, F1-score 0.401) and prenatal, family, history, and sociodemographic factors (Sensitivity 0.668, Specificity 0.704; AUC 0.745, F1-score 0.402). Across all 5 ML algorithms, family history factors (e.g., either parent had nervous breakdowns, trouble holding jobs/fights/police encounters, and counseling for mental issues) and sociodemographic covariates (e.g., maternal age, child's sex, caregiver income and caregiver education) tended to be better predictors of adolescent psychopathology. The most important prenatal predictors were unplanned pregnancy, birth complications, and pregnancy complications. Conclusion Our results suggest that inclusion of prenatal, family history, and sociodemographic factors in ML models can generate moderately accurate predictions of adolescent psychopathology. Issues associated with model overfitting, hyperparameter tuning, and system seed setting should be considered throughout model training, testing, and validation. Future early risk predictions models may improve with the inclusion of additional relevant covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizaan Siddique
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Conestoga High School, Berwyn, PA, United States of America
| | - Brian K Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zeng Y, Song J, Zhang Y, Guo X, Xu X, Fan L, Zhao L, Song H, Jiang L. Life changes and symptoms of depression and anxiety among Chinese children and adolescents before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a combination of cross-sectional, longitudinal, and clustering studies. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02533-4. [PMID: 39060517 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The measures to prevent COVID-19 pandemic had caused significant life changes, which may have caused stress on the mental health of children and adolescents. We aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of life changes on children's mental health in a large Chinese cohort. Survey-based life changes during COVID-19 lockdown were measured among 7,829 Chinese students at Grade 1-9, including social contacts, lifestyles and family financial status. Clustering analysis was applied to identify potential patterns of these changes. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between these changes, their patterns and the presence of depression/anxiety symptoms using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. We found that the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms decreased during pandemic (34.6-32.6%). However, during and shortly after lockdown, students who reported negative impacts on their study, social and outside activities, and diet had increased risks of depressive/anxiety symptoms. Decreased electronic time and sugar-sweetened consumption, as well as family income decline and unemployment, were also associated with higher risks of these symptoms. Additionally, students with changed sleep time had increased depressive symptoms. These associations attenuated or disappeared one year later. Similar patterns were observed in clustering analysis, while only the group with severe impact on family financial status showed a sustained increase in depression symptoms. In summary, restrictive measures that changed children and adolescents' daily life during COVID-19 lockdown showed negative effects on their mental health, with some commonalities and distinctions patterns in the manifestation of depression and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Song
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinmao Xu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Song
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Teaching & Research Section of General Practice, The General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Junewicz A, Wachtel JM, Okparaeke E, Guo F, Farahmand P, Lois R, Li A, Stein CR, Baroni A. The persistent impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric emergency department visits for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2024; 54:38-48. [PMID: 37933542 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined data from a large, high acuity, pediatric psychiatric emergency department (ED) to assess both the immediate and longer-term impact of the pandemic on ED visits for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) among youth. METHODS Youth ages 5-17 years presenting at a pediatric psychiatric ED in New York, NY from March 2019-November 2021 were included in this study. Visits were categorized as pre-pandemic, pandemic year 1, or pandemic year 2. We examined changes in demographic and clinical characteristics among patients presenting across the three time periods, as well as multivariable associations between these characteristics and STBs. RESULTS Over 32 months, 2728 patients presented at 4161 visits. The prevalence of a discharge diagnosis of STBs increased from 21.2% pre-pandemic to 26.3% (p < 0.001) during pandemic year 1, and further increased to 30.1% (p = 0.049) during pandemic year 2. Youth were 21% more likely to receive a discharge diagnosis of STBs in pandemic year 1 (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07, 1.36) and 35% more likely in pandemic year 2 (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.19, 1.52) compared to pre-pandemic baseline. CONCLUSIONS In a large, high-acuity ED, STBs continued to increase 20 months after the initial COVID-19 lockdown. These findings highlight the persistent detrimental impact of the pandemic on youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Junewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
- NYC Health+Hospitals Bellevue, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan M Wachtel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Eugene Okparaeke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
- NYC Health+Hospitals Bellevue, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Pantea Farahmand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
- NYC Health+Hospitals Bellevue, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca Lois
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Annie Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
- NYC Health+Hospitals Bellevue, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Cheryl R Stein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Argelinda Baroni
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
- NYC Health+Hospitals Bellevue, New York City, New York, USA
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Raffagnato A, Miscioscia M, Bruni G, Del Col L, Traverso A, Ferrarese M, Ancora C, Zanato S, Gatta M. The impact of the two-year COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admission and readmissions of children and adolescents because of mental health problems. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1152876. [PMID: 38026409 PMCID: PMC10643213 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1152876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the specific risk factors and psycho-social and clinical features of hospitalized neuropsychiatric patients during the COVID pandemic and to analyze the hospital readmission phenomenon, which, according to recent studies, increased in frequency during the first pandemic period. Patients and methods This observational retrospective cohort study examined 375 patients aged between 0 and 17 years who were hospitalized between 1 February 2018 and 31 March 2022 due to neuropsychiatric issues. The majority of the patients were girls: there were 265 girls compared to 110 boys (M = 13.9 years; SD 2.30 years). The total sample was divided into two groups: the pre-COVID-19 group (160 inpatients hospitalized between February 2018 and February 2020) and the COVID-19 group (215 inpatients hospitalized between March 2020 and March 2022). To explore the readmission phenomenon (second aim), we selected from the two groups of patients with at least one hospital readmission within 365 days after the first discharge. Multiple variables (sociodemographic, clinical, psychological, and related to hospitalization) were collected for each patient by reviewing their medical records. Results The risk factors for mental health disorders were similar between the two groups, except for the significantly increased use of electronic devices in the COVID-19 group, increasing from 8.8% in the pre-COVID-19 group to 29.2% in the COVID-19 group. Patients suffering from eating disorders increased from 11.3% in the pre-COVID-19 group to 23.8% in the COVID-19 group. Hospital readmissions nearly increased from 16.7% in the 2-year pre-COVID-19 period to 26.2% in the 2-year COVID-19 period. A total of 75% of patients hospitalized three or more times in the last 2 years and 85.7% of the so-called "revolving door" patients (with relapse within 3 months after discharge) were identified in the COVID-19 group. However, the comparison between the two groups of patients readmitted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic did not show any differences in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Conclusion In conclusion, there was a significant increase in hospital readmissions, but these results suggest the need for better coordination between hospital and territorial services in managing the complexity of mental health problems related to situations arising from the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessity to implement prevention strategies and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaia Bruni
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Lara Del Col
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Traverso
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Ferrarese
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Ancora
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Zanato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padova, Italy
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Giustini M, Luzi I, Spinelli A, Andreozzi S, Bucciarelli M, Buoncristiano M, Nardone P, Ciardullo S. Exploring changes in children's well-being due to COVID-19 restrictions: the Italian EpaS-ISS study. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:118. [PMID: 37705014 PMCID: PMC10498567 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While existing research has explored changes in health behaviours among adults and adolescents due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the impact of quarantine on young children's well-being is still less clear. Moreover, most of the published studies were carried out on small and non-representative samples. The aim of the EpaS-ISS study was to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the habits and behaviours of a representative sample of school children aged mainly 8-9 years and their families living in Italy, exploring the changes in children's well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the immediately preceding time period. METHODS Data were collected using a web questionnaire. The target population was parents of children attending third-grade primary schools and living in Italy. A cluster sample design was adopted. A Well-Being Score (WBS) was calculated by summing the scores from 10 items concerning the children's well-being. Associations between WBS and socio-demographic variables and other variables were analysed. RESULTS A total of 4863 families participated. The children's WBS decreased during COVID-19 (median value from 31 to 25; p = 0.000). The most statistically significant variables related to a worsening children's WBS were: time of school closure, female gender, living in a house with only a small and unliveable outdoor area, high parents' educational level and worsening financial situation. CONCLUSIONS According to parents ' perception, changes in daily routine during COVID-19 negatively affected children's well-being. This study has identified some personal and contextual variables associated with the worsening of children's WBS, which should be considered in case of similar events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giustini
- Environment and Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Luzi
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Spinelli
- Formerly National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Andreozzi
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Bucciarelli
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Ciardullo
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Estevez M, Oppenchaim N, Rezzoug D, Laurent I, Domecq S, Khireddine-Medouni I, Thierry X, Galera C, De Stefano C, Vandentorren S. Social determinants associated with psychological distress in children and adolescents during and after the first COVID-19-related lockdown in France: results from the CONFEADO study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1374. [PMID: 37464340 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the parental socio-demographic characteristics of children and adolescents aged 9 to 18 years old, as well as the living and housing conditions associated with the psychological distress in these two sub-populations during and after France's first national COVID-19-related lockdown in spring 2020. METHODS We used data from the cross-sectional, observational, web-based study CONFEADO, which collected data on children and adolescents' living and housing conditions and socio-demographic characteristics as well as those of their parents. It also collected data on children's and adolescents' health behaviors and psychological distress. We assessed psychological distress using the 10-item Children and Adolescents Psychological Distress Scale (CAPDS-10), and performed a multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 2882 children and adolescents were included in the present study. Factors associated with moderate psychological distress included being a female, parental financial difficulties, a lack of a private living space at home for the child/adolescent, and the following child health behaviors: no leisure or recreational activities with adults in the household, doing less than one hour of school homework a day, and not going outside during the lockdown. Severe psychological distress was associated with the parent's occupation (especially essential frontline workers), a lack of a private living space at home for the child/adolescent, and the following child health behaviors: spending over 5 h a day on social media, doing less than one hour of school homework a day, and no leisure or recreational activities with adults in the household. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the impact of housing and living conditions, as well as parents' socio-economic characteristics on children's health behaviors and psychological needs during the first COVID-19-related lockdown in France. Our results suggest that health policies implemented during future pandemics should consider these structural social determinants to prevent severe psychological distress in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Estevez
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Nicolas Oppenchaim
- Université de Tours, UMR CITERES 7324, 35 Allée Ferdinand de Lesseps, Tours, 37200, France
| | - Dalila Rezzoug
- Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and General Psychiatry, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
- Centre de Recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Isaura Laurent
- École nationale de la statistique et de l'analyse de l'information (ENSAI), Bruz, France
| | - Sandrine Domecq
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Xavier Thierry
- ELFE Joint Unit, French Institute for Demographic Studies (Ined), French Institute for Medical Research and Health (Inserm), Paris, France
| | - Cédric Galera
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carla De Stefano
- Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and General Psychiatry, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Urgences - Samu 93, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France.
- Santé publique France, Saint Maurice, France.
- Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France.
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Hambrick EP, Williams JL, Hardt MM, Collins JO, Punt SE, Rincon Caicedo M, Zhang EA, Maras M, Lopez Mader L, Stiles R, Nelson EL. Disseminating early interventions for disaster mental health response using the ECHO model. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:2213-2228. [PMID: 36870075 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO)-based telementoring was evaluated for disseminating early disaster interventions, Psychological First Aid (PFA) and Skills for Psychological Recovery (SPR), to school professionals throughout rural, disaster-affected communities further affected by COVID-19. PFA and SPR complemented their Multitiered System of Support: PFA complemented tier 1 (universal) and SPR tier 2 (targeted) prevention. We evaluated the outcomes of a pretraining webinar (164 participants, January 2021) and four-part PFA training (84 participants, June 2021) and SPR training (59 participants, July 2021) across five levels of Moore's continuing medical education evaluation framework: (1) participation, (2) satisfaction, (3) learning, (4) competence, and (5) performance, using pre-, post-, and 1-month follow-up surveys. Positive training outcomes were observed across all five levels, with high participation and satisfaction throughout, and high use at the 1-month follow-up. ECHO-based telementoring may successfully engage and train community providers in these underused early disaster response models. Recommendations regarding training format and using evaluation to improve training are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin P Hambrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Joah L Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Madeleine M Hardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jen O Collins
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephanie E Punt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | - E Alice Zhang
- Department of Occupational Therapy Education, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Melissa Maras
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Luisa Lopez Mader
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert Stiles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Eve-Lynn Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Scattoni ML, Micai M, Caruso A, Gila L, Fulceri F, Galati G, Costantino MA, Molteni M, Petralia P, Lanari M, Corinaldesi C, Garlatti C. Mental Health among Italian Children and Adolescents during and after the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Professionals' Focus Group Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4270. [PMID: 37445305 PMCID: PMC10342473 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had a negative impact on the mental health of children and adolescents. Eight focus groups and six individual hearings were conducted to gain insights from the perspectives of 97 Italian professionals from a variety of disciplines, including child and adolescent neuropsychiatrists, pediatricians, general practitioners, social workers, psychologists, teachers, school deans, non-governmental organizations, and a researcher. Urban and rural settings were represented. The present research has been promoted by the Italian Independent Authority for Children and Adolescents (Autorità Garante per l'Infanzia e l'Adolescenza, AGIA) in collaboration with the National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS) and the Ministry of Education and its scientific value has been supervised by a Scientific Committee. The results of the focus groups' discussions revealed increased vulnerability, with the onset of new mental health disorders in healthy individuals and those in a condition of disadvantage, migratory contexts, and with disabilities. The already critical pre-pandemic structural and operational issues of existing services have been exacerbated. In healthcare, the activation of telemedicine has been a great asset but at the same time has generated challenges and critical issues that are still unresolved. Professionals emphasized the need to pay special attention to planning integrated responses aimed at overcoming inequalities and fragmentation. The result of this initiative translates into a set of operational recommendations useful for guiding investments and policies directed toward the protection of the mental health of minors in the health, educational, and social spheres from the outset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Scattoni
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (L.G.); (F.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Martina Micai
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (L.G.); (F.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Angela Caruso
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (L.G.); (F.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Letizia Gila
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (L.G.); (F.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Francesca Fulceri
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (L.G.); (F.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Galati
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (L.G.); (F.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Antonella Costantino
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Scientific Institute IRCSS E. Medea, Unit of Child Psychopathology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy;
| | - Paolo Petralia
- ASL4 SSR Liguria, 16043 Chiavari, Italy;
- DISSAL Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Corinaldesi
- Italian Ombudsperson for Children and Adolescents, 00196 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Carla Garlatti
- Italian Ombudsperson for Children and Adolescents, 00196 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.G.)
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Zetterqvist M, Landberg Å, Jonsson LS, Svedin CG. The psychosocial consequences of covid-19 in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:33. [PMID: 36871031 PMCID: PMC9985473 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people have been especially affected by the psychosocial consequences of the covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 has potentially also been more stressful for vulnerable groups with mental health problems. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the psychosocial effects of covid-19 in a vulnerable group of adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) from a sample of 1602 Swedish high-school students were examined. Data were collected in 2020 and 2021. First, adolescents with and without NSSI were compared on how they perceived the psychosocial impact of covid-19, and second, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine whether lifetime NSSI experience was associated with perceived psychosocial consequences of covid-19, when demographic variables and symptoms of mental health problems were controlled for. Interaction effects were also examined. RESULTS Significantly more individuals with NSSI reported being burdened by covid-19 compared to those without NSSI. When demographic variables and mental health symptoms were controlled for, adding NSSI experience did not, however, increase the amount of variance explained in the model. The total model explained 23.2% of the variance in perceived psychosocial impact of covid-19. Perceiving the family's financial situation as poor and neither good nor bad, studying a theoretical high school program, symptoms of depression and difficulties with emotion regulation were significantly associated with perceived negative psychosocial impact of the covid-19 pandemic. There was a significant interaction effect between NSSI experience and depressive symptoms. The effect of NSSI experience was larger when depressive symptoms were lower. CONCLUSIONS Lifetime NSSI experience in itself was not associated with psychosocial covid-19 consequences when other variables were controlled for, whereas symptoms of depression and difficulties with emotion regulation were. Results imply that vulnerable adolescents with mental health symptoms need special attention and access to mental health support in order to prevent further stress and worsening of mental health symptoms in the wake of the covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zetterqvist
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Å Landberg
- Department of Social Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L S Jonsson
- Department of Social Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C G Svedin
- Department of Social Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Forresi B, Giani L, Scaini S, Nicolais G, Caputi M. The Mediation of Care and Overprotection between Parent-Adolescent Conflicts and Adolescents' Psychological Difficulties during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Which Role for Fathers? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20031957. [PMID: 36767325 PMCID: PMC9914833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of a significant raise in youths' emotional and behavioral difficulties during the pandemic. Only a few studies have addressed parent-adolescent conflict, and none investigated the possible mediating effect of parenting in the association between conflicts with parents and adolescents' symptoms. This study aimed at investigating youths' psychological symptoms during the pandemic, focusing on the predicting effect of parent-adolescent conflict. The mediating role of care and overprotection was also explored, considering whether adolescent gender moderated this mediation. METHODS 195 adolescents aged 14-18 years participated in an online longitudinal study. Perceived conflict with parents and parenting dimensions (Parental Bonding Instrument; PBI) were assessed at baseline (2021). Self-reported psychological difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ) were collected at baseline and after one year (2022). RESULTS A significantly severer symptomatology was found in adolescents having a conflictual relationship with one or both parents. Major conflicts with parents correlated with lower care and greater overprotection in mothers and fathers. However, parental overprotection and maternal care were not mediators of the relationship between conflict and youths' difficulties. The only exception was represented by paternal care that fully mediated this relationship in both adolescent males and females. CONCLUSIONS Although further investigations are needed to overcome limitations due to the small sample, findings extend our insight into the impact of parent-adolescent conflict, highlighting the role of fathers' care and the need to maximize their involvement in clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Forresi
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University (Milan), Ripa di Porta Ticinese, 77-20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Giani
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University (Milan), Ripa di Porta Ticinese, 77-20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Scaini
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University (Milan), Ripa di Porta Ticinese, 77-20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Nicolais
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Caputi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss, 2-34128 Trieste, Italy
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11
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Connelly M, Dilts J, Boorigie M, Gerson T. A Prospective Evaluation of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Youth with Primary Headache Disorders. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020184. [PMID: 36832313 PMCID: PMC9954271 DOI: 10.3390/children10020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in certain academic and social/family routines during the COVID-19 pandemic have been speculated to be either a risk factor or buffer for poor health outcomes for youth with stress-sensitive health conditions such as primary headache disorders. The current study evaluated patterns and moderators of pandemic impacts on youth with primary headache disorders, with an aim of extending our understanding of the relationship between stress, resilience, and outcomes in this population. Children recruited from a headache clinic in the midwestern United States reported on their headaches, schooling, routines, psychological stress, and coping at four timepoints ranging from within a few months of the pandemic onset to a long-term follow-up 2 years later. Changes in headache characteristics over time were analyzed for association with demographics, school status, altered routines, and stress, and coping. At baseline, 41% and 58% of participants reported no change in headache frequency or intensity, respectively, relative to pre-pandemic levels, with the remainder almost equally divided between reporting an improvement or worsening. The results of multilevel growth model analyses indicated that headache intensity remained more elevated over time since the start of the pandemic for respondents whose stress scores were relatively higher (b = 0.18, t = -2.70, p = 0.01), and headache-related disability remained more elevated over time for older respondents (b = 0.01, t = -2.12, p = 0.03). The study results suggest, overall, that the outcomes of primary headache disorders in youth were not systematically altered by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Connelly
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jennifer Dilts
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | | | - Trevor Gerson
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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12
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Lopes LS, Valentini JP, Monteiro TH, Costacurta MCDF, Soares LON, Telfar-Barnard L, Nunes PV. Problematic Social Media Use and Its Relationship with Depression or Anxiety: A Systematic Review. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2022; 25:691-702. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2021.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paula Villela Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiai, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Renzi A, Conte G, Tambelli R. Somatic, Emotional and Behavioral Symptomatology in Children during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Children's and Parents' Alexithymia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2171. [PMID: 36360512 PMCID: PMC9691013 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply affected the psychophysical wellbeing of children worldwide. Alexithymia, a personality trait involving difficulties in identifying and expressing feelings represents a vulnerability factor for stress-related disorders. Under pandemic stress exposure, we aimed to investigate the role of parents' and children's alexithymia in the psychophysical symptomatology shown by children and to evaluate possible differences according to age, gender and history of COVID-19 infections. The perception of parents and children about the impact of the pandemic on children's emotional, social and physiological wellbeing was also explored. Sixty-five familial triads were surveyed in the period from March to May 2022: children (n = 33 males; mean age = 9.53, sd = 1.55), mothers (mean age = 44.12; sd = 6.10) and fathers (mean age = 47.10; sd = 7.8). Both parental and children's alexithymia scores were significantly associated with somatic and externalizing symptomatology in children. Self-reported anger and externally oriented thinking scores were higher in younger children (age 8-9.9 years) than in older ones (10-12 years). Girls scored higher than boys in somatic complaints, as reported by parents. No difference emerged between children affected/not affected by COVID-19. Notably, children reported a greater negative impact of the pandemic on their emotional and psychosocial well-being than their parents. The findings emphasize the role of alexithymia in the occurrence of psychophysical symptoms in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reduced parental awareness of the emotional burden imposed by the pandemic on children indicates the need to better consider how epidemics affect children's mental health and to develop adequate preventive strategies to support them in these exceptional times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Renzi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Institute of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Institute of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
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14
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Bozzola E, Spina G, Agostiniani R, Barni S, Russo R, Scarpato E, Di Mauro A, Di Stefano AV, Caruso C, Corsello G, Staiano A. The Use of Social Media in Children and Adolescents: Scoping Review on the Potential Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19169960. [PMID: 36011593 PMCID: PMC9407706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, social media has become part of our lives, even among children. From the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic period, media device and Internet access rapidly increased. Adolescents connected Internet alone, consulting social media, mostly Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. During "lockdown", the Internet usage allowed communication with peers and the continuity activities such as school teaching. However, we have to keep in mind that media usage may be related to some adverse consequences especially in the most vulnerable people, such as the young. Aim of the review is to focus on risks correlated to social media use by children and adolescents, identifying spies of rising problems and engaging in preventive recommendations. The scoping review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, searching on PubMed the terms "social media" or "social network", "health", and "pediatrics". Excluding articles not pertinent, we found 68 reports. Out of them, 19 were dealing with depression, 15 with diet, and 15 with psychological problems, which appeared to be the most reported risk of social media use. Other identified associated problems were sleep, addiction, anxiety, sex related issues, behavioral problems, body image, physical activity, online grooming, sight, headache, and dental caries. Public and medical awareness must rise over this topic and new prevention measures must be found, starting with health practitioners, caregivers, and websites/application developers. Pediatricians should be aware of the risks associated to a problematic social media use for the young's health and identify sentinel signs in children as well as prevent negative outcomes in accordance with the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bozzola
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Spina
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Rino Agostiniani
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, San Jacopo Hospital, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - Sarah Barni
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Russo
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Scarpato
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences-Section of Pediatric, University Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Corsello
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences-Section of Pediatric, University Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
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15
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Martinsone B, Stokenberga I, Damberga I, Supe I, Simões C, Lebre P, Canha L, Santos M, Santos AC, Fonseca AM, Santos D, Gaspar de Matos M, Conte E, Agliati A, Cavioni V, Gandellini S, Grazzani I, Ornaghi V, Camilleri L. Adolescent social emotional skills, resilience and behavioral problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study in three European countries. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:942692. [PMID: 35978848 PMCID: PMC9376252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.942692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The consequences of long-lasting restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic have become a topical question in the latest research. The present study aims to analyze longitudinal changes in adolescents' social emotional skills, resilience, and behavioral problems. Moreover, the study addresses the impact of adolescents' social emotional learning on changes in their resilience and behavioral problems over the course of seven months of the pandemic. Methods The Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) measuring points were in October 2020 and May 2021, characterized by high mortality rates and strict restrictions in Europe. For all three countries combined, 512 questionnaires were answered by both adolescents (aged 11-13 and 14-16 years) and their parents. The SSIS-SEL and SDQ student self-report and parent forms were used to evaluate adolescents' social emotional skills and behavioral problems. The CD-RISC-10 scale was administered to adolescents to measure their self-reported resilience. Several multilevel models were fitted to investigate the changes in adolescents' social emotional skills, resilience, and behavioral problems, controlling for age and gender. Correlation analysis was carried out to investigate how changes in the adolescents' social emotional skills were associated with changes in their resilience and mental health adjustment. Results Comparing T1 and T2 evaluations, adolescents claim they have more behavioral problems, have less social emotional skills, and are less prosocial than perceived by their parents, and this result applies across all countries and age groups. Both informants agree that COVID-19 had a negative impact, reporting an increment in the mean internalizing and externalizing difficulties scores and reductions in social emotional skills, prosocial behavior, and resilience scores. However, these changes are not very conspicuous, and most of them are not significant. Correlation analysis shows that changes in adolescents' social emotional skills are negatively and significantly related to changes in internalized and externalized problems and positively and significantly related to changes in prosocial behavior and resilience. This implies that adolescents who experienced larger development in social emotional learning also experienced more increase in resilience and prosocial behavior and a decrease in difficulties. Conclusion Due to its longitudinal design, sample size, and multi-informant approach, this study adds to a deeper understanding of the pandemic's consequences on adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilze Damberga
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Inga Supe
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Celeste Simões
- Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Lebre
- Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Ethnomusicology (INET-MD), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Canha
- Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Santos
- Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anabela Caetano Santos
- Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Fonseca
- Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dória Santos
- Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gaspar de Matos
- Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Social Adventure Association, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabetta Conte
- “Riccardo Massa” Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Agliati
- “Riccardo Massa” Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavioni
- “Riccardo Massa” Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Gandellini
- “Riccardo Massa” Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Grazzani
- “Riccardo Massa” Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Ornaghi
- “Riccardo Massa” Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Liberato Camilleri
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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16
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Prakalapakorn SG, Singh MK, Congdon N. Association Between Strabismus and Children's Mental Health. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022; 140:381-382. [PMID: 35266970 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Grace Prakalapakorn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Manpreet Kaur Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nathan Congdon
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Orbis International, New York, New York
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17
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Sutomo R, Ramadhani FPR, Hanifa IN. Prevalence and associated factors of psychosocial and behavioral problems in Indonesian adolescent students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:908384. [PMID: 36090562 PMCID: PMC9460758 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.908384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent measures to control it, such as social distancing, school closure, and online learning, put adolescent students at higher risk of psychosocial and behavioral problems (PSBP). The adverse potential is more concerning as the outbreak continues, especially in limited-resource countries, and requires further mitigation. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and factors associated with PSBP in Indonesian adolescent students in the COVID-19 pandemic. SUBJECT/METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, involving junior high school students. An anonymous online questionnaire in google form format was used to collect demographic data and the potential variables and screen the PSBP with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Logistic regression was applied to determine the independent variables. RESULTS Six hundred seventy-six subjects participated, including 237 males (35.1%) and 439 females (64.9%). There were 34.6% subjects with PSBP, with a peer-relation problem as the most common one. The multivariable logistic regression showed that subjects with longer screen time duration and more family conflicts were more likely to have PSBP, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1-2.1, p = 0.025) and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.5-3.8, p < 0.001), respectively, whereas whom with better family cohesion are less likely to have the problem with an adjusted OR of 0.4 (95% CI: 0.3-0.6, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of PSBP among Indonesian adolescent students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Longer screen time duration and more family conflict are associated with higher prevalence, whereas better family cohesion with lower prevalence of PSBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retno Sutomo
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Intan Noor Hanifa
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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