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Balogun-Katung A, Artis B, Alderson H, Brown E, Kaner E, Rankin J, Lingam R, McGovern R. Practitioner perspectives on the nature, causes and the impact of poor mental health and emotional wellbeing on children and young people in contact with children's social care: A qualitative study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106867. [PMID: 38852432 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and young people (CYP) who are in contact with social care are at higher risk of developing mental health difficulties compared to the general population. This has been attributed to their experience of significant childhood adversity. With an increased likelihood of experiencing poorer health outcomes which can persist into adulthood, it is crucial that key factors for their positive mental health development are identified. OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with the poor mental health of CYP in contact with social care from the perspective of practitioners working in children's social care and mental health. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Social care and mental health practitioners; three Local Authorities across the North-East of England. METHODS Four focus groups were conducted with 23 practitioners between April and May 2022. A semi-structured topic guide exploring the nature and associated factors of mental health was used to focus discussion. Data were thematically analysed and informed by the four levels of the socio-ecological model. RESULTS Individual level risk factors were associated with the CYP's emotional health and included what practitioners described as the 'sense of shame'. Interpersonal level risk factors were most recurrent and included parental factors within the home environment. Community level risk factors consisted of characteristics of settings and institutions that increased the risk of the CYP developing mental health and wellbeing difficulties. Societal level risk factors included broader societal factors such as poverty. Practitioners maintained that certain protective factors possessed or developed by CYP including secure attachments, prevent the development of mental health difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Our current study provides strong evidence for the interlinkage between multiple levels of risk and their interacting impact on the CYP's mental health and emotional wellbeing. It is imperative that this, and the need to strengthen protective factors, whilst reducing risks are carefully considered for the development of effective support interventions for CYP in contact with social care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Balogun-Katung
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - B Artis
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - H Alderson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - E Brown
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - E Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - J Rankin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - R Lingam
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Population Child Health Research Group, UNSW, Australia
| | - R McGovern
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Li Y, Zhao G, Su L, Fu J, Sun S, Chen R, Chen D, Hu X, Jiang T, Shen F. The "supercompensation" effect of children's lockdown during COVID-19: based on the analysis of changes in physical activity, sleep, and psychology. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1522. [PMID: 38844937 PMCID: PMC11154994 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the "supercompensation" effect of preschoolers during the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown by comparing the changes in physical activity (PA), psychological, and sleep indicators before and after the lockdown. METHODS A total of 127 children (aged 3-6 years) were recruited. Before and after the lockdown, the children's PA levels were measured using the ActiGraph GT3X+, and their psychological and sleep indicators were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ), respectively. RESULTS Regarding PA, the children's total physical activity, low-intensity physical activity, and medium-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were higher after the lockdown than before the lockdown, with significant differences in MVPA (p < 0.05). Regarding psychology, the children's SDQ and multidimensional scores were better after the lockdown than before the lockdown, with a significant difference in SDQ scores (p < 0.05). Regarding sleep, the children's CSHQ scores were better after the lockdown than before the lockdown, with a highly significant difference in CSHQ scores (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION After lockdown, children's PA, psychological, and sleep effects were "supercompensated." In particular, the PA of preschoolers before, during, and after the lockdown may show a "baseline-inhibition-supercompensation" process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunong Li
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Guanggao Zhao
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Liqiang Su
- School of Physical Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330027, China
| | - Jinmei Fu
- Jiangxi Sports Science Medicine Centre, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shunli Sun
- Jiangxi Sports Science Medicine Centre, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ruiming Chen
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Delong Chen
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xuewen Hu
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Tianle Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Fanchao Shen
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
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Perlman P, Vorstman J, Hoang N, Summers J, Baribeau D, Cunningham J, Mulsant BH. Support to caregivers who have received genetic information about neurodevelopmental and psychiatric vulnerability in their young children: A narrative review. Clin Genet 2023. [PMID: 37098443 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of pathogenic genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders (NPDs) is increasingly made early in life. This narrative review focuses on the need for, and provision of, psychological supports following genetic diagnosis. We conducted a literature search of publications on how caregivers are informed about the NPD vulnerability associated with genetic variants, challenges and unmet needs when receiving this information, and whether psychological supports are provided. Given its early recognition, the 22q11.2 deletion has been studied thoroughly for two decades, providing generalizable insights. This literature indicates the complex caregivers' needs related to learning about potential NPD vulnerabilities associated with a genetic variant, include how to communicate the diagnosis, how to identify early signs of NPDs, how to deal with stigma and a lack of medical expertise outside of specialized genetics clinics. With one exception, no publications describe psychotherapeutic support provided to parents. In the absence of support, caregivers struggle with several unmet needs regarding potential longer-term NPD implications of a genetic diagnosis. The field needs to go beyond explaining genetic diagnoses and associated vulnerabilities, and develop approaches to support caregivers with communicating and managing NPD implications across the child's lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ny Hoang
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Summers
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Baribeau
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessie Cunningham
- SickKids Hospital Library, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Addition and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Halse M, Steinsbekk S, Hammar Å, Wichstrøm L. Longitudinal relations between impaired executive function and symptoms of psychiatric disorders in childhood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1574-1582. [PMID: 35478317 PMCID: PMC9790505 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malfunctioning of executive functions correlates with psychopathology in children. However, the directionality, the extent to which the relation varies for various disorders, and whether prospective relations afford causal interpretations are not known. METHODS A community sample of Norwegian children (n = 874) was studied biennially from the age of 6 to 14 years. Executive functions were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Teacher-report and symptoms of psychopathology were assessed using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (age 6; parents) and Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (ages 8-14; children and parents). Prospective reciprocal relations were examined using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model that adjusts for all unobserved time-invariant confounders. RESULTS Even when time-invariant confounders were accounted for, reduced executive functions predicted increased symptoms of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) 2 years later, even when previous changes in these symptoms were adjusted for. The level of prediction (B = .83, 95% CI [.37, 1.3]) was not different for different disorders or ages. Conversely, reduced executive functions were predicted by increased symptoms of all disorders (B = .01, 95% CI [.01, .02]). CONCLUSIONS Reduced executive functioning may be involved in the etiology of depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD/CD to an equal extent. Moreover, increased depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD/CD may negatively impact executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Halse
- Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | | | | | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatrySt. Olavs HospitalTrondheimNorway
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Kelly E, Day JJ, Hodges J, Tellegen CL, Ma T, Sanders MR, Tonge B, Einfeld S, Sofronoff K, Gray KM, Mazzucchelli TG. Parental Adjustment Scale: Validation of a brief, five-item measure of parental adjustment for use with families of typically developing children and children with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities in Australia. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 128:104304. [PMID: 35820264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Explores the validity of the five-item parental adjustment scale, a subscale of the previously validated Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales. AIM The aim was to assess the factor structure and convergent validity of a measure of parental adjustment within parents of typically developing children and parents of childiren with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Cross-sectional survey data was analysed from Australian parents of children aged 2-12 years who were typically developing children (N = 683) and had developmental and/or intellectual disabilities (N = 756). Confirmatory factor analyses and multi-group structural equation modelling examined if the factor structure performed similarly across the two populations. Convergent validity was assessed. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesised one-factor structure for the parental adjustment scale in both populations. Partial measurement invariance confirmed that the scale was structurally consistent within both parent groups. The convergent validity was supported by significant correlations with the DASS-21 in the disability population and the K10 in the typically developing population. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This brief, easily administered, five-item scale demonstrates strong potential in assessing parental adjustment, within both parents of typically developing children and parents of children with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Kelly
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamin J Day
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie Hodges
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cassandra L Tellegen
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Matthew R Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bruce Tonge
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; CEDAR, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart Einfeld
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Sofronoff
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kylie M Gray
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; CEDAR, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor G Mazzucchelli
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Momen NC, Robakis T, Liu X, Reichenberg A, Bergink V, Munk-Olsen T. In utero exposure to antipsychotic medication and psychiatric outcomes in the offspring. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:759-766. [PMID: 34750566 PMCID: PMC8782838 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Information on neurodevelopmental effects of antenatal exposure to antipsychotics is limited to 10 studies, all examining children up to 5 years of age or less. The paper aimed to investigate the association between in utero exposure to antipsychotics and psychiatric outcomes in children using Danish nationwide registers. In total, 9011 liveborn singletons born 1998-2015 in Denmark whose mothers took antipsychotic medication before pregnancy were identified. Children whose mothers continued to take antipsychotics during pregnancy were compared with children of mothers who discontinued antipsychotics before pregnancy. As a negative control, paternal antipsychotic use in the same window was investigated. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression for the primary outcome of psychiatric disorders, as well for subcategories of psychiatric disorders. In total, 9.9% of children in the discontinuation group and 11.0% of children in the continuation group received a psychiatric disorder diagnosis during follow-up. The adjusted HR for psychiatric disorders among offspring in the continuation group compared to the discontinuation group was 1.10 (95% CI 0.93-1.30). For antipsychotic use in the fathers, the HR was 1.05 (95% CI 0.89-1.24). The study does not provide evidence of increased risk of psychiatric disorders among children of women who continue antipsychotic treatment during pregnancy. This was observed after accounting for the underlying risk conferred by maternal psychiatric disorders. This suggests women who need to continue antipsychotic medications during pregnancy can do so without adverse psychiatric outcomes for offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C. Momen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thalia Robakis
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY USA
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Seaver Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Veerle Bergink
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY USA ,grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trine Munk-Olsen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300iPSYCH-Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722CIRRAU-Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Epigenetics and DOHaD: how translation to predictive testing will require a better public understanding. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:424-430. [PMID: 34658324 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is likely to play a role in the mediation of the effects of genes and environment in risk for many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory presents unique opportunities regarding the possibility of early life interventions to alter the epigenetic makeup of an individual, thereby modifying their risk for a variety of NCDs. While it is important to determine how we can lower the risk of these NCDs, it is equally important to understand how the public's knowledge and opinion of DOHaD and epigenetic concepts may influence their willingness to undertake such interventions for themselves and their children. In this review, we provide an overview of epigenetics, DOHaD, NCDs, and the links between them. We explore the issues surrounding using epigenetics to identify those at increased risk of NCDs, including the concept of predictive testing of children. We also outline what is currently understood about the public's understanding and opinion of epigenetics, DOHaD, and their relation to NCDs. In doing so, we demonstrate that it is essential that future research explores the public's awareness and understanding of epigenetics and epigenetic concepts. This will provide much-needed information which will prepare health professionals for the introduction of epigenetic testing into future healthcare.
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Valadez EA, Tottenham N, Tabachnick AR, Dozier M. Early Parenting Intervention Effects on Brain Responses to Maternal Cues Among High-Risk Children. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:818-826. [PMID: 32731812 PMCID: PMC7716800 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early adversity is correlated with increased risk for negative outcomes, including psychopathology and atypical neurodevelopment. The authors aimed to test the causal impact of an early parenting intervention (Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up; ABC) on children's neural processing of parent cues and on psychosocial functioning in a longitudinal randomized clinical trial. METHODS Participants (N=68, mean age, 10.0 years [SD=0.8 years]) were 46 high-risk children whose parents were randomly assigned to receive either the ABC intervention (N=22) or a control intervention (N=24) while the children were infants, in addition to a comparison sample of low-risk children (N=22). During functional MRI scanning, children viewed pictures of their own mothers and of a stranger. RESULTS Children in the ABC condition showed greater maternal cue-related activation than children in the control condition in clusters of brain regions, including the precuneus, the cingulate gyrus, and the hippocampus, regions commonly associated with social cognition. Additionally, greater activity in these regions was associated with fewer total behavior problems. There was an indirect effect of early intervention on middle childhood psychosocial functioning mediated through increased activity in brain regions in response to maternal cues. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that early parenting intervention (in this case the ABC intervention) can enhance brain regions supporting children's social cognitive development. In addition, the findings highlight these brain effects as a possible neural pathway through which ABC may prevent future behavior problems among high-risk children, yielding psychosocial benefits that endure through at least middle childhood without the need to intervene with the child directly.
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Lakkis NA, Osman MH, Aoude LC, Maalouf CJ, Issa HG, Issa GM. A Pilot Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting in Refugees from Syria in Lebanon and Jordan. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:257. [PMID: 32372979 PMCID: PMC7179657 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood development (ECD) is a crucial milestone that shapes a child's health, wellbeing, education, and personality. Several factors come into play, and each requires the nurturing care of caregivers. Although the importance of ECD is well understood, the implementation of ECD programs is scarce, especially in poor and vulnerable communities. OBJECTIVE To improve parents' wellbeing, parenting stress levels, parenting behavior, and discipline strategies after the implementation of a newly designed parenting intervention. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Parents from Syria (125 mothers and fathers) in three refugee camps in Lebanon and Jordan. METHODS This was a pilot cohort study in which parents' wellbeing, parenting stress levels, parenting behavior, and discipline strategies were evaluated before and after participating in training in the form of interactive and educational sessions to ameliorate their relations and interactions with their children. RESULTS By the end of this study, parents' mental health and wellbeing improved (p < 0.001, Cohen's d: 0.61) and their parenting index score was reduced (p < 0.001, Cohen's d: 1.24). Some of their dysfunctional interactions with their children as well as the perceived difficulties and conduct problems in their children aged 3 to 6 years were also reduced significantly. CONCLUSION The intervention used in this study succeeded in improving some aspects of parenting practices and disciplines and in improving the parents' wellbeing; however, more research is needed to assess its long-term effects on parents and their children. Moreover, some adjustments need to be made in the intervention to be more adapted to the context of refugees and underprivileged communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A. Lakkis
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUB-MC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mona H. Osman
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUB-MC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Hanane G. Issa
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Moe V, Fredriksen E, Kjellevold M, Dahl L, Markhus MW, Stormark KM, von Soest T, Olafsen KS, Vannebo UT, Smith L. Little in Norway: a prospective longitudinal community-based cohort from pregnancy to child age 18 months. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031050. [PMID: 31892648 PMCID: PMC6955541 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Little in Norway (LiN) project is a cross-disciplinary prospective longitudinal study starting in pregnancy. It was set up to investigate maternal and paternal mental health functioning in the transition to parenthood, detect pathways to healthy and aberrant child development and generate new knowledge about mechanisms underlying differential child mental health susceptibility. PARTICIPANTS The LiN cohort is a community-based sample comprising 1036 families (1036 mothers, 884 partners, 1017 children). All pregnant women and their partners receiving routine prenatal care at well-baby clinics at nine geographically selected sites across Norway were invited to participate. Enrolment took place from September 2011 to October 2012. This cohort profile comprises 10 data collection waves spanning from enrolment in pregnancy until child age 18 months. FINDINGS TO DATE Four types of information have been collected: multi-informant questionnaire reports, direct observation of interaction, test data and biological samples. The most significant findings so far relate to three domains of results. First, when examining risk factors for parental mental health problems, results showed that the parents' own adverse childhood experiences and attachment style were related to anxiety, depression and stress in the perinatal period. The perception of difficult child temperament was also found to contribute to parenting stress in the first year after birth. Second, we studied how parental mental health risk factors were related to later child development and social emotional functioning, for example, linking maternal symptoms to social-emotional outcomes and paternal symptoms to language outcomes. Third, we investigated the relation between maternal nutrition during pregnancy and aspects of early child development. Results showed that mild to moderate maternal iodine deficiency in pregnancy was associated with poorer language skills up to 18 months, but not with reduced cognitive or fine and gross motor skills. FUTURE PLANS A data collection point at 36 months is completed and currently being analysed. A new data collection wave is planned when the children are 8 years of age. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN66710572.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Moe
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, East and South, Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivor Fredriksen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, East and South, Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Kjell Morten Stormark
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tilmann von Soest
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre Sten Olafsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, East and South, Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unni Tranaas Vannebo
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, East and South, Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Smith
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Xiao Y, Wang Y, Chang W, Chen Y, Yu Z, Risch HA. Factors associated with psychological resilience in left-behind children in southwest China. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 46:1-5. [PMID: 31568979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Psychological resilience of Chinese left-behind children (LBC) remains under-studied. In this cross-sectional survey, we intended to analyze factors associated with resilience in a large group of LBC. One-stage random cluster sampling was used to select 2898 LBC aged between 10 and 17 years in Yunnan province of southwestern China. Face-to-face interview was used to collect relevant information from the participants. Resilience was measured by the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA). Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that having a better educated mother, feeling closer to people living in the same residence, and having more close friends were associated with higher psychological resilience in LBC. LBC who felt less close to people living in the same residence were consistently lower in all five dimensions of resilience. Compared with LBC with 2 or less close friends, LBC with more close friends had significantly greater resilience in goal concentration, family support, and interpersonal assistance. Higher mother's education level was related to higher resilience in emotion regulation, family support, and interpersonal assistance. Our findings suggest that dimension-specific intervention measures should be developed and implemented to improve psychological resilience of LBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Yeying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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12
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Foubister L, Rennie F, Williams J. Parents in Control: Parental perceptions of problem behaviors before and after attending an ADHD-specific parent-training program. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2019; 33:30-37. [PMID: 31763749 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM There is scant evidence to support the efficacy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-specific parent-training programs in the treatment of preadolescent children with ADHD. This study explores the effectiveness of the Parents in Control (PINC) parent-training program, designed specifically for children with ADHD. METHODS In this pragmatic uncontrolled pre-poststudy parents of preadolescent children with a diagnosis of ADHD were invited to attend the 6-week PINC course. Fifty-seven parent-report pre/postprogram questionnaires were completed. FINDINGS Parental ratings of the intensity and frequency of problem behaviors after completing PINC showed a significant reduction (p < .001) with a moderate effect size (0.6-0.7). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of PINC in reducing the parental perception of problem behaviors and support a need for further rigorous randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluation of this ADHD-specific intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Foubister
- CAMHS, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Rennie
- CAMHS, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Williams
- CAMHS, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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13
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Calhoun BH, Ridenour TA, Fishbein DH. Associations between Child Maltreatment, Harsh Parenting, and Sleep with Adolescent Mental Health. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2019; 28:116-130. [PMID: 31354225 PMCID: PMC6660198 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Youth who suffer from psychiatric disorders are at high risk for negative outcomes, including aggression and substance abuse. Although many youth with psychiatric disorders have endured harsh parenting and/or child maltreatment (CM), differential associations between these experiential factors have yet to be fully explored. Sleep problems have also been implicated in psychiatric disorders and are consistently associated with CM. The overlap and unique contributions of CM and sleep problems to the mental health of youth remains unclear; longitudinal studies from late childhood into adolescence, when psychiatric illnesses frequently onset, are rare. The current longitudinal study examined associations of CM, harsh parenting, and sleep problems with symptoms of four psychiatric disorders: Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety, and Depression. Early adolescent youth with no history of substance use (N = 529) were sampled from a working class, medium-sized city in northern Kentucky, and an extensive battery of tests were administered to youth and a parent. CM was more strongly and consistently related to psychiatric disorder symptoms at baseline than was harsh parenting. Reports of harsh parenting were more strongly associated with externalizing symptoms than internalizing symptoms. Sleep problems were also positively associated with psychiatric disorder symptoms at baseline, but did not exacerbate the effects of CM or harsh parenting on symptom counts. Longitudinally, harsh parenting was more predictive of change in psychiatric symptoms two to three years later than was CM. The potential significance of childhood adversity and sleep problems for prevention of later mental health problems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Calhoun
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development Bldg., University Park, PA 16802,
| | | | - Diana H Fishbein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,
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14
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Poels EMP, Schrijver L, Kamperman AM, Hillegers MHJ, Hoogendijk WJG, Kushner SA, Roza SJ. Long-term neurodevelopmental consequences of intrauterine exposure to lithium and antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:1209-1230. [PMID: 29948232 PMCID: PMC6133089 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lithium and antipsychotics are often prescribed to treat bipolar disorder or psychotic disorders in women of childbearing age. Little is known about the consequences of these medications during pregnancy for the developing child. The objective of this article is to systematically review findings from preclinical and clinical studies that have examined the neurodevelopmental consequences of intrauterine exposure to lithium and antipsychotics. A systematic search was performed in Embase, Medline, Web of Science, PsychINFO, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Clinical and experimental studies were selected if they investigated neurodevelopment of offspring exposed to lithium or antipsychotics during gestation. Quality of clinical and preclinical studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the SYRCLE's risk of Bias tool, respectively. In total, 73 studies were selected for qualitative synthesis and three studies were selected for quantitative synthesis. Of preclinical studies, 93% found one or more adverse effects of prenatal exposure to antipsychotics or lithium on neurodevelopment or behaviour. Only three clinical cohort studies have investigated the consequences of lithium exposure, all of which reported normal development. In 66% of clinical studies regarding antipsychotic exposure, a transient delay in neurodevelopment was observed. The relative risk for neuromotor deficits after in utero exposure to antipsychotics was estimated to be 1.63 (95% CI 1.22-2.19; I2 = 0%). Preclinical studies suggest long-term adverse neurodevelopmental consequences of intrauterine exposure to either lithium or antipsychotics. However, there is a lack of high-quality clinical studies. Interpretation is difficult, since most studies have compared exposed children with their peers from the unaffected population, which did not allow correction for potential influences regarding genetic predisposition or parental psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline M P Poels
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lisanne Schrijver
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid M Kamperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Witte J G Hoogendijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine J Roza
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Pajulo M, Tolvanen M, Pyykkönen N, Karlsson L, Mayes L, Karlsson H. Exploring parental mentalization in postnatal phase with a self-report questionnaire (PRFQ): Factor structure, gender differences and association with sociodemographic factors. The Finn Brain Birth Cohort Study. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:431-439. [PMID: 28939390 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to explore the preliminary functioning of a self-report questionnaire designed to assess parental reflective functioning (PRFQ, Luyten et al., 2009, unpublished manual) during early postnatal phase and with a large population-based sample. Parental reflective functioning (PRF) refers to parental capacity to focus on experience and feelings, within self, in the child and underlying observed reactions. Individual differences in PRF reportedly affect child attachment and socio-emotional development. Cost-effective tools to assess key areas of early parenting are needed for both research and clinical purposes. The factor structure of a 36-item version suitable for early postnatal phase was explored using population-based data from the Finn Brain Birth Cohort Study (425 mothers and 237 fathers). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a 14-item version comprising four factors capturing relevant aspects of early PRF. The factor structure was further tested with separate participants from the cohort (1030 mothers and 422 fathers). Mothers tended to score higher than fathers in PRF. Among mothers, parity, age, and financial situation were associated with postnatal mentalization. Level of education was associated with postnatal mentalization in both genders. The 14-item PRFQ-Fi has potential to serve as a new screening tool for very early parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjukka Pajulo
- Finn Brain, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- Finn Brain, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Pyykkönen
- Finn Brain, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Finn Brain, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Mental Health and Substance Use Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, CT, USA
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Finn Brain, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
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16
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Leijten P, Gardner F, Landau S, Harris V, Mann J, Hutchings J, Beecham J, Bonin EM, Scott S. Research Review: Harnessing the power of individual participant data in a meta-analysis of the benefits and harms of the Incredible Years parenting program. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:99-109. [PMID: 28696032 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenting programs aim to reduce children's conduct problems through improvement of family dynamics. To date, research on the precise benefits and possible harms of parenting programs on family well-being has been unsystematic and likely to be subject to selective outcome reporting and publication bias. Better understanding of program benefits and harms requires full disclosure by researchers of all included measures, and large enough numbers of participants to be able to detect small effects and estimate them precisely. METHODS We obtained individual participant data for 14 of 15 randomized controlled trials on the Incredible Years parenting program in Europe (total N = 1,799). We used multilevel modeling to estimate program effects on 13 parent-reported outcomes, including parenting practices, children's mental health, and parental mental health. RESULTS Parental use of praise, corporal punishment, threats, and shouting improved, while parental use of tangible rewards, monitoring, or laxness did not. Children's conduct problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms improved, while emotional problems did not. Parental mental health (depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and stress) did not improve. There was no evidence of harmful effects. CONCLUSIONS The Incredible Years parenting program improves the aspects of family well-being that it is primarily designed to improve: parenting and children's conduct problems. It also improves parent-reported ADHD symptoms in children. Wider benefits are limited: the program does not improve children's emotional problems or parental mental health. There are no signs of harm on any of the target outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patty Leijten
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer Beecham
- London School of Economics, London, UK.,Kent University, Canterbury, UK
| | - Eva-Maria Bonin
- London School of Economics, London, UK.,Kent University, Canterbury, UK
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17
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Gardner F, Leijten P, Mann J, Landau S, Harris V, Beecham J, Bonin EM, Hutchings J, Scott S. Could scale-up of parenting programmes improve child disruptive behaviour and reduce social inequalities? Using individual participant data meta-analysis to establish for whom programmes are effective and cost-effective. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3310/phr05100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChild disruptive behavioural problems are a large and costly public health problem. The Incredible Years®(IY) parenting programme has been disseminated across the UK to prevent this problem and shown to be effective in several trials. It is vital for policy to know for which families IY is most effective, to be sure that it helps reduce, rather than widen, socioeconomic inequalities. Individual trials lack power and generalisability to examine differential effects; conventional meta-analysis lacks information about within-trial variability in effects.ObjectivesTo overcome these limitations by pooling individual-level data from the IY parenting trials in Europe to examine to what extent it benefits socially disadvantaged families. Secondary objectives examine (1) additional moderators of effects on child behaviour, (2) wider health benefits and potential harms and (3) costs, cost-effectiveness and potential long-term savings.DesignIndividual participant data meta-analysis of 14 randomised trials of the IY parenting intervention.SettingsUK (eight trials), the Netherlands, Ireland, Norway, Sweden and Portugal.ParticipantsData were from 1799 families, with children aged 2–10 years (mean 5.1 years; 63% boys).InterventionsIY Basic parenting programme.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was disruptive child behaviour, determined by the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory Intensity scale (ECBI-I). Secondary outcomes included self-reported parenting practices, parenting stress, mental health, children’s attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and emotional symptoms.ResultsThere were no differential effects of IY on disruptive behaviour in families with different levels of social/socioeconomic disadvantage or differential effects for ethnic minority families, families with different parenting styles, or for children with comorbid ADHD or emotional problems or of different ages. Some moderators were found: intervention effects were strongest in children with more severe baseline disruptive behaviour, in boys, and in children with parents who were more depressed. Wider health benefits included reduced child ADHD symptoms, greater parental use of praise, and reduced harsh and inconsistent discipline. The intervention did not improve parental depression, stress, self-efficacy or children’s emotional problems. Economic data were available for five UK and Ireland trials (maximumn = 608). The average cost per person of the IY intervention was £2414. The probability that the IY intervention is considered cost-effective is 99% at a willingness to pay of £145 per 1-point improvement on the ECBI-I. Estimated longer-term savings over 20 years range from £1000 to £8400 per child, probably offsetting the cost of the intervention.LimitationsLimitations include a focus on one parenting programme; the need to make assumptions in harmonising data; and the fact that data addressed equalities in the effectiveness of, not access to, the intervention.ConclusionsThere is no evidence that the benefits of the IY parenting intervention are reduced in disadvantaged or minority families; benefits are greater in the most distressed families, including parents who are depressed. Thus, the intervention is unlikely to widen socioeconomic inequalities in disruptive behaviour and may have effects in narrowing inequalities due to parent depression. It was as likely to be effective for older as for younger children. It has wider benefits for ADHD and parenting and is likely to be considered to be cost-effective. Researchers/funders should encourage data sharing to test equity and other moderator questions for other interventions; further research is needed on enhancing equality of access to interventions.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Gardner
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Centre for Evidence-based Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patty Leijten
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Centre for Evidence-based Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Mann
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Centre for Evidence-based Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sabine Landau
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Harris
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Beecham
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Eva-Maria Bonin
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Stephen Scott
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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18
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Rickerby ML, DerMarderosian D, Nassau J, Houck C. Family-Based Integrated Care (FBIC) in a Partial Hospital Program for Complex Pediatric Illness: Fostering Shifts in Family Illness Beliefs and Relationships. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2017; 26:733-759. [PMID: 28916011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The heuristic model of family-based integrated care (FBIC) was developed from 1998 to 2016 in the context of the development of the Hasbro Children's Partial Hospital Program (HCPHP) along with the development of a family therapy training program for Brown University child psychiatry and triple board residents. The clinical experience of the HCPHP team in treating more than 2000 patients and families in combination with the authors' experience in training residents for diverse practice settings highlights the usefulness of the FBIC paradigm for interdisciplinary family-based treatment for a broad range of illnesses and levels of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Rickerby
- The Hasbro Children's Partial Hospital Program, The Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
| | - Diane DerMarderosian
- The Hasbro Children's Partial Hospital Program, The Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Jack Nassau
- The Hasbro Children's Partial Hospital Program, The Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Christopher Houck
- The Hasbro Children's Partial Hospital Program, The Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
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19
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Pediatric Rehabilitation Services for Children With Cerebral Palsy: What Can Existing Data Sources Tell Us? Pediatr Phys Ther 2017; 29:179-186. [PMID: 28350778 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about associated service utilization patterns and positive outcomes in children with cerebral palsy (CP) of varying levels of severity is a national priority. Families, clinicians, program directors, and policy makers need this information for clinical decision-making and service planning. Existing data sources in the United States that contain information about children with CP, their health, function, well being, and utilization of health services may add to our existing knowledge. We provide a summary of fourteen national, state, and local sources' data: where the data come from, challenges and/or specific considerations when using or accessing information, and specific data elements included. Currently available sources of data can provide meaningful information for policy, practice, and program development. We propose questions for future inquiry and suggest elements that may be useful for when developing data sources specific to physical therapy and individuals with CP. A physical therapy specific registry is warranted.
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20
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Bidirectional Associations Between Externalizing Behavior Problems and Maladaptive Parenting Within Parent-Son Dyads Across Childhood. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 44:1387-98. [PMID: 26780209 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Coercive parent-child interaction models posit that an escalating cycle of negative, bidirectional interchanges influences the development of boys' externalizing problems and caregivers' maladaptive parenting over time. However, longitudinal studies examining this hypothesis have been unable to rule out the possibility that between-individual factors account for bidirectional associations between child externalizing problems and maladaptive parenting. Using a longitudinal sample of boys (N = 503) repeatedly assessed eight times across 6-month intervals in childhood (in a range between 6 and 13 years), the current study is the first to use novel within-individual change (fixed effects) models to examine whether parents tend to increase their use of maladaptive parenting strategies following an increase in their son's externalizing problems, or vice versa. These bidirectional associations were examined using multiple facets of externalizing problems (i.e., interpersonal callousness, conduct and oppositional defiant problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity) and parenting behaviors (i.e., physical punishment, involvement, parent-child communication). Analyses failed to support the notion that when boys increase their typical level of problem behaviors, their parents show an increase in their typical level of maladaptive parenting across the subsequent 6 month period, and vice versa. Instead, across 6-month intervals, within parent-son dyads, changes in maladaptive parenting and child externalizing problems waxed and waned in concert. Fixed effects models to address the topic of bidirectional relations between parent and child behavior are severely underrepresented. We recommend that other researchers who have found significant bidirectional parent-child associations using rank-order change models reexamine their data to determine whether these findings hold when examining changes within parent-child dyads.
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21
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Cimarelli G, Turcsán B, Bánlaki Z, Range F, Virányi Z. Dog Owners' Interaction Styles: Their Components and Associations with Reactions of Pet Dogs to a Social Threat. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1979. [PMID: 28066298 PMCID: PMC5168437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bond dogs develop with their owner received increased attention in the last years but no study aimed at characterizing the way in which owners interact with their dogs in their daily life and how this might influence dog behavior. In order to examine how dog owners interact with their dogs, we first analyzed the behavior of 220 dog owners in 8 different standardized situations involving the owner-dog dyad. We extracted 3 behavioral factors related to “Owner Warmth,” “Owner Social Support,” and “Owner Control.” Further, we investigated whether owner personality, gender and age are associated with these three factors. Results indicated that older owners scored lower in “Owner Warmth” and in “Owner Social Support” and higher in “Owner Control” than younger owners. Furthermore, owners scoring high in “Owner Control” scored lower in the personality trait Openness and owners scoring high in “Owner Social Support” scored lower in the personality trait Conscientiousness. Finally, we also analyzed whether the dogs' reaction to an unfamiliar woman's threatening approach was associated with the owners' interaction styles. Results showed that dogs that searched for proximity of their owners during the threatening situation had owners scoring higher in “Owner Warmth,” as compared to dogs that reacted more autonomously, approaching the unfamiliar experimenter. Analogies between dog-owner interaction styles and human parenting styles are discussed considering the implications of the present findings for human social psychology as well as the practical relevance for dog welfare and human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cimarelli
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine of ViennaVienna, Austria; Wolf Science CenterErnstbrunn, Austria; Department of Cognitive Biology, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Borbála Turcsán
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine of ViennaVienna, Austria; Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Bánlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Friederike Range
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine of ViennaVienna, Austria; Wolf Science CenterErnstbrunn, Austria
| | - Zsófia Virányi
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine of ViennaVienna, Austria; Wolf Science CenterErnstbrunn, Austria
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22
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Naumova OY, Hein S, Suderman M, Barbot B, Lee M, Raefski A, Dobrynin PV, Brown PJ, Szyf M, Luthar SS, Grigorenko EL. Epigenetic Patterns Modulate the Connection Between Developmental Dynamics of Parenting and Offspring Psychosocial Adjustment. Child Dev 2016; 87:98-110. [PMID: 26822446 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study attempted to establish and quantify the connections between parenting, offspring psychosocial adjustment, and the epigenome. The participants, 35 African American young adults (19 females and 16 males; age = 17-29.5 years), represented a subsample of a 3-wave longitudinal 15-year study on the developmental trajectories of low-income urban mother-offspring dyads. Mothers were assessed on their perceptions of maternal stress at each wave. Offspring were assessed on their perceptions of maternal parenting at each wave and on their adaptive and maladaptive behavior at the last wave. Genome-wide DNA methylation in peripheral T lymphocytes at the third wave was assayed using Methyl Binding Domain(MBD) sequencing. Statistically significant associations were identified between the change in offspring's perception of parenting from middle childhood to adulthood and the DNA methylation in offspring's adult genomes. Specifically, the slope of perceived parental rejection across the 3 time points was related to an increase in methylation, or a potential downregulation, of 565 genes thought to be involved in the control of a broad spectrum of biological functions generally related to cellular signaling. A subset of these epigenetic marks, clustered in 23 genes, some of which participate in the development and functioning of the CNS, were in turn associated with psychosocial adjustment as captured by interpersonal relationships and emotional self-evaluation. This appears to be one of the first investigations of the modulating role of the methylome in associations between developmental dynamics of parenting throughout the formative years of child and adolescent development and psychosocial adjustment in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Yu Naumova
- Yale University.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Saint Petersburg State University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena L Grigorenko
- Yale University, Saint Petersburg State University.,Moscow State University for Psychology and Education
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23
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Freitas-Silva LR, Ortega F. Biological determination of mental disorders: a discussion based on recent hypotheses from neuroscience. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 32:e00168115. [PMID: 27580236 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00168115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes involved in the development of mental disorders has proven challenging ever since psychiatry was founded as a field. Neuroscience has provided new expectations that an explanation will be found for the development of mental disorders based on biological functioning alone. However, such a goal has not been that easy to achieve, and new hypotheses have begun to appear in neuroscience research. In this article we identify epigenetics, neurodevelopment, and plasticity as the principal avenues for a new understanding of the biology of mental phenomena. Genetic complexity, the environment's formative role, and variations in vulnerability involve important changes in the principal hypotheses on biological determination of mental disorders, suggesting a reconfiguration of the limits between the "social" and the "biological" in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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24
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Schwenck C, Schneider W, Reichert A. Universal parent training as a supplement to inpatient psychiatric treatment for children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 25:879-89. [PMID: 26707493 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parent trainings constitute an effective method to target aspects of parenting in child and adolescent psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care. Past research has mainly been conducted in outpatient contexts, with parents of children with externalizing disorders and often included only small sample sizes. The aim of the current study was first to assess the effectiveness of a novel parent training which is characterized by a universal approach, an open group concept, and short duration, and second to identify variables that have an influence on the effectiveness. A sample of n = 151 parent-child dyads treated in an inpatient clinic was included in the study and randomly assigned to a treatment group and a waiting-list control group. As dependent measures served child behavior problems, dysfunctional parenting, parental mental health, and parental self-efficacy measured with parent-rated questionnaires prior to the training, post training and 3 months after discharge of the clinic. Additionally, a parent-child-interaction observation was conducted and rated by blind raters. Results indicated a general inpatient treatment effect on all dependent measures assessed with questionnaires. An additional effect of the parent training was only shown for parenting and parental mental health with the treatment group revealing better outcomes post training and at follow-up. No effects were found for the measures assessed by interaction observation. Out of a number of variables, only a low monthly income was associated with a higher reduction of dysfunctional parenting. Results indicate that parent training does not contribute additionally to standard inpatient care with respect to child behavior, but does have an influence on parental well-being, which might have a positive effect on the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schwenck
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10 C, 35394, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Schneider
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Membride H. Mental health: early intervention and prevention in children and young people. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 25:552-4, 556-7. [PMID: 27231738 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2016.25.10.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 10% of children and young people have mental health problems so significant that they impact not only on their day-to-day life but, if left untreated, they will continue into adulthood. In this article, the author discusses mental health issues affecting children and young people and examines evidence-based early intervention and prevention programmes that have been shown to support better outcomes for children, young people and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Membride
- Family Nurse, Early Years Children and Families, Ayrshire Central Hospital
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Abstract
Prevalence rates of childhood obesity have risen steeply over the last 3 decades. Given the increased national focus, the frequency of this clinical problem, and the multiple mental health factors that coexist with it, make obesity a public health concern. The complex relationships between mental health and obesity serve to potentiate the severity and interdependency of each. The purpose of this review is to create a contextual connection for the 2 conditions as outlined by the research literature and consider treatment options that affect both health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Small
- Family and Community Health Nursing Department, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, 1100 East Leigh Street, PO Box 980567, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Alexis Aplasca
- Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Richmond/Virginia Treatment Center for Children, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 515 North 10th Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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27
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[Attachment Patterns and their Relation to the Development of Anxiety Symptoms in Childhood and Adolescence]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2016; 64:496-526. [PMID: 26562083 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2015.64.7.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
From the perspective of attachment theory, insecure attachment can be seen as a key risk factor for the development of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders. This systematic review addresses the current state of empirical research on the relationship between attachment status and anxiety symptoms respective anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence. 21 current international studies published between 2010 and 2014 were included in this systematic review. These studies were heterogeneous in target populations, methods and study design. The majority of studies supported the assumed correlation between insecure attachment and anxiety symptoms or anxiety disorders. These findings are more evident in studies with school-age children than with preschool children or adolescents. Furthermore, the disorganized-disoriented type of attachment seems to be a particular risk factor for the development of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders. Results were discussed in relation to attachment theory and with reference to the results of previous relevant reviews.
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28
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Sutter-Dallay AL. De Louis-Victor Marcé à Thérèse Lempérière, les origines françaises de la Psychiatrie périnatale. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Frazier JA, Wood ME, Ware J, Joseph RM, Kuban KC, O'Shea M, Allred EN, Leviton A. Antecedents of the child behavior checklist-dysregulation profile in children born extremely preterm. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 54:816-23. [PMID: 26407491 PMCID: PMC4615708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extremely preterm newborns are at heightened risk for emotional and behavioral dysregulation later in childhood. Our goal was to systematically evaluate the antenatal and early postnatal antecedents that might mediate the association between extreme preterm birth and emotional and behavioral dysregulation at age 2 years (corrected age). METHOD In a multi-site prospective study, the parents of 826 infants born before 28 weeks gestation completed a Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) when the child was 2 years corrected age. We compared the maternal, pregnancy, placenta, delivery, and newborn characteristics, as well as early postnatal characteristics and exposures of those who satisfied criteria for the CBCL-Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP) to those of their peers. We then used time-oriented logistic regression models, starting first with antenatal variables that distinguished children with the CBCL-DP profile from their peers, and then added the distinguishing postnatal variables. RESULTS Approximately 9% of the children had a CBCL-DP. In the time-oriented logistic regression model with antenatal variables only, low maternal education achievement, passive smoking, and recovery of Mycoplasma from the placenta were associated with increased risk, whereas histologic chorioamnionitis was associated with reduced risk. None of the postnatal variables added statistically significant discriminating information. CONCLUSION Very preterm newborns who later manifest the CBCL-DP at age 2 years differ in multiple ways from their preterm peers who do not develop the CBCL-DP, raising the possibility that potentially modifiable antenatal and early postnatal phenomena contribute to the risk of developing emotional and behavioral dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Frazier
- University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.
| | - Mollie E Wood
- University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Janice Ware
- Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert M Joseph
- Boston Medical Center/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Karl C Kuban
- Boston Medical Center/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Alan Leviton
- Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Abstract
Family-based assessment and intervention are essential skills for child psychiatrists that are often neglected in fellowship training. The Brown Model for Family Therapy Training described here has evolved during the past 15 years. It is a model for training residents in family-based integrated care (FBIC), which has data to support postgraduate perception of positive impact on real-world practice. Effective training in FBIC has value for clinicians, families, and systems of care wanting to respond to the growing evidence in child psychiatry about the power of family environment, beliefs, and relationships in promoting child mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Rickerby
- The Hasbro Children's Partial Hospital Program, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
| | - Thomas A Roesler
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine Unit, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4800 Sandpoint Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Pajulo M, Tolvanen M, Karlsson L, Halme-Chowdhury E, Öst C, Luyten P, Mayes L, Karlsson H. THE PRENATAL PARENTAL REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING QUESTIONNAIRE: EXPLORING FACTOR STRUCTURE AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF A NEW MEASURE IN THE FINN BRAIN BIRTH COHORT PILOT STUDY. Infant Ment Health J 2015; 36:399-414. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linnea Karlsson
- University of Turku and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki
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Arabgol F, Hakim-Shooshtari M, Panaghi L. Therapeutic intervention and parenting style of abusive parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS & ADDICTION 2015; 3:e22156. [PMID: 25741485 PMCID: PMC4331661 DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.22156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Victims of abuse comprise a significant proportion of all child psychiatric admissions, with an estimated 30% incidence of lifetime of physical and sexual abuse among child and adolescent outpatients, and as high as 55% among psychiatric inpatients. Objectives: The present study was conducted to examine the effects of therapeutic intervention and parent management training on parenting skill of abusive parents. Patients and Methods: The study population consisted of all children who were referred to Child Psychiatric and Pediatric Departments of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, IR Iran diagnosed with child abuse. Children and their families were visited by a psychiatrist for psychiatric problems. Later, the necessary interventions were taken for the children. To study the effect of intervention, parents completed ‘Being a Parent and Parenting Scale’ before intervention, and then again, in the third and sixth months following the intervention. The interventions included 8 weekly parent management training sessions for all of the involved parents and additional pharmacologic and psychological interventions according to the subjects’ needs. Results: Participants included 73 children with the mean age of 6.9 ± 4.3 year, while the mean age of parents was 31.76 ± 6.52 year for the mothers and 38.07 ± 8.45 year for the fathers. General anxiety disorder (30.1%) and depression (27.4%) were the most common psychiatric disorders among mothers. In parenting scale, there were significant differences between the zero and third month in all subscales (P = 0.008), but there was no significant difference in verbosity and overreactivity after 6 months. Laxness showed significant changes over the period (P = 0.03). In viewing the ‘Being a Parent Scale’, there was no significant difference in satisfaction and competency subscales before and after the intervention. Conclusions: Therapeutic intervention and parent management training improves parenting skill of abusive parents, and this might lead to fewer incidents of abuse or neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Arabgol
- Behavioral Science Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fariba Arabgol, Behavioral Science Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2177551023, Fax: +98-2177551023, E-mail:
| | | | - Lili Panaghi
- Family Research Center, Shahid-Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran
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Mooney-Doyle K, Deatrick JA, Horowitz JA. Tasks and communication as an avenue to enhance parenting of children birth-5 years: an integrative review. J Pediatr Nurs 2015; 30:184-207. [PMID: 24680918 PMCID: PMC4470371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Every day, normative functions of parenting and their significance are under-investigated. An integrative review of tasks and communication involved in parenting young children informed by Horowitz (1995) and Blumer (1969) was conducted.Research articles consistent with inclusion criteria were published from 1995 to 2013 and focused on parenting tasks and communication. Themes consistent with Horowitz and Blumer were identified. Nurses are reminded about the significance of attending to the everyday, normative work of parenting young children, the potential meaning derived from this work, and the importance of assessing parental development as well as the importance of continuing research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet A Deatrick
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Claire Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - June Andrews Horowitz
- Boston College Connell School of Nursing, Cushing Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA; Thomas Jefferson University School of Nursing, Health Professions Academic Building, Philadelphia, PA.
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34
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Gannotti ME, Christy JB, Heathcock JC, Kolobe THA. A path model for evaluating dosing parameters for children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther 2014; 94:411-21. [PMID: 24231231 PMCID: PMC3967121 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20130022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dosing of pediatric rehabilitation services for children with cerebral palsy (CP) has been identified as a national priority. Establishing dosing parameters for pediatric physical therapy interventions is critical for informing clinical decision making, health policy, and guidelines for reimbursement. The purpose of this perspective article is to describe a path model for evaluating dosing parameters of interventions for children with CP. The model is intended for dose-related and effectiveness studies of pediatric physical therapy interventions. The premise of the model is: Intervention type (focus on body structures, activity, or the environment) acts on a child first through the family, then through the dose (frequency, intensity, time), to yield structural and behavioral changes. As a result, these changes are linked to improvements in functional independence. Community factors affect dose as well as functional independence (performance and capacity), influencing the relationships between type of intervention and intervention responses. The constructs of family characteristics; child characteristics (eg, age, level of severity, comorbidities, readiness to change, preferences); plastic changes in bone, muscle, and brain; motor skill acquisition; and community access warrant consideration from researchers who are designing intervention studies. Multiple knowledge gaps are identified, and a framework is provided for conceptualizing dosing parameters for children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Gannotti
- M.E. Gannotti, PT, PhD, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hartford, 200 Bloomfield Ave, West Hartford, CT 06117 (USA)
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Xing Z, Hou X, Zhou K, Qin D, Pan W. Impact of parental-rearing styles on irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents: a school-based study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:463-8. [PMID: 24117871 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A strong association between family function and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been observed. Parental rearing styles, as a comprehensive mark for family function, may provide new clues to the etiology of IBS. This study aimed to explore which dimensions of parental rearing styles were risk factors or protective factors for IBS in adolescents. METHODS Two thousand three hundred twenty adolescents were recruited from one middle school and one high school randomly selected from Jiangan District (an urban district in Wuhan City). Data were collected using two Chinese versions of validated self-report questionnaires including the Rome III diagnostic criteria for pediatric IBS and the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran: One's Memories of Upbringing for perceived parental rearing styles. RESULTS Ninety-six subjects diagnosed as pediatric IBS were compared with 1618 controls. The IBS patients reported less both paternal and maternal emotional warmth (all P < 0.01) and more both paternal and maternal punishment, overinterference, rejection, and overprotection (only for father) (all P < 0.01) than the controls. Furthermore, the IBS patients had higher total scores of parental rearing styles (all P < 0.001) than the controls. With univariate logistic regression, standardized regression coefficients and odds ratios of parental rearing variables were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that paternal rejection (P = 0.001) and maternal overinterference (P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for IBS in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Parental emotional warmth is a protective factor for IBS in adolescents and parental punishment, overinterference, rejection, and overprotection are risk factors for IBS in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxiong Xing
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, China; Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Augusto Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,
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37
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Lakhtakia R. Conspicuous Consumption and Sedentary Living: Is this our legacy to our children? Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2013; 13:336-40. [PMID: 23984016 PMCID: PMC3749015 DOI: 10.12816/0003253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Lakhtakia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman, E-mail:
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