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Adelakun SA, Ogunlade B, Akintunde OW, Omilachi VO. Long-term exposure to cimetidine induced gonado-toxicity in male rats: Modulating role of Ocimum gratissimum. Rev Int Androl 2022; 20 Suppl 1:S2-S16. [PMID: 35101366 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available evidence suggests that cimetidine is a reproductive toxicant that induces sexual and testicular dysfunction. Ocimum gratissimum (OG) is globally consumed for medicinal and nutritional purposes. To determine the modulating role of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum on cimetidine-induced gonado-toxicity, sexually mature male rats were randomized into four groups of six (n=6) rats each. Group A: control given 2ml distilled water. Group B received 500mg/kg body weight (bwt) of OG extract, Group C received 50mg/kg bwt cimetidine, and group D received 50mg/kg bwt of cimetidine+500mg/kg bwt OG extract once daily for 8 weeks via gastric gavage. Parameters tested include sperm parameters, testosterone (TT), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin, testicular alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein, cholesterol, glycogen, sexual behavioural parameters, and testicular histology. RESULTS There were depletions in the seminiferous epithelium, decreased sperm quality, TT, LH, and FSH, testicular enzymes, protein, cholesterol, glycogen, and sexual behaviour increase in animals treated with cimetidine only compared to control. OG restored and improved sexual behaviour and libido as evident from increased frequencies of mount, intromission, ejaculation, and ejaculatory latency. Mount latencies, intromission, post-ejaculation, and prolactin were significantly decreased. The significantly decreased testicular activities of ALP, ACP, LDH and protein, cholesterol, glycogen concentrations, TT, LH and FSH were increased by OG administration. CONCLUSION Ocimum gratissimum attenuated the deleterious effects of cimetidine on the testis, protected the seminiferous epithelium, restored, and boosted sexual competence, and promoted spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Aderemi Adelakun
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
| | - Babatunde Ogunlade
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olalekan Wasiu Akintunde
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Victoria Ojima Omilachi
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Mörkl S, Stell L, Buhai DV, Schweinzer M, Wagner-Skacel J, Vajda C, Lackner S, Bengesser SA, Lahousen T, Painold A, Oberascher A, Tatschl JM, Fellinger M, Müller-Stierlin A, Serban AC, Ben-Sheetrit J, Vejnovic AM, Butler MI, Balanzá-Martínez V, Zaja N, Rus-Prelog P, Strumila R, Teasdale SB, Reininghaus EZ, Holasek SJ. 'An Apple a Day'?: Psychiatrists, Psychologists and Psychotherapists Report Poor Literacy for Nutritional Medicine: International Survey Spanning 52 Countries. Nutrients 2021; 13:822. [PMID: 33801454 PMCID: PMC8000813 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional interventions have beneficial effects on certain psychiatric disorder symptomatology and common physical health comorbidities. However, studies evaluating nutritional literacy in mental health professionals (MHP) are scarce. This study aimed to assess the across 52 countries. Surveys were distributed via colleagues and professional societies. Data were collected regarding self-reported general nutrition knowledge, nutrition education, learning opportunities, and the tendency to recommend food supplements or prescribe specific diets in clinical practice. In total, 1056 subjects participated in the study: 354 psychiatrists, 511 psychologists, 44 psychotherapists, and 147 MHPs in-training. All participants believed the diet quality of individuals with mental disorders was poorer compared to the general population (p < 0.001). The majority of the psychiatrists (74.2%) and psychologists (66.3%) reported having no training in nutrition. Nevertheless, many of them used nutrition approaches, with 58.6% recommending supplements and 43.8% recommending specific diet strategies to their patients. Only 0.8% of participants rated their education regarding nutrition as 'very good.' Almost all (92.9%) stated they would like to expand their knowledge regarding 'Nutritional Psychiatry.' There is an urgent need to integrate nutrition education into MHP training, ideally in collaboration with nutrition experts to achieve best practice care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.M.); (L.S.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (E.Z.R.)
| | - Linda Stell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.M.); (L.S.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (E.Z.R.)
| | - Diana V. Buhai
- Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Melanie Schweinzer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (J.W.-S.); (C.V.)
| | - Jolana Wagner-Skacel
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (J.W.-S.); (C.V.)
| | - Christian Vajda
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (J.W.-S.); (C.V.)
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Otto Loewi Research Center (for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation), Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Susanne A. Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.M.); (L.S.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (E.Z.R.)
| | - Theresa Lahousen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.M.); (L.S.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (E.Z.R.)
| | - Annamaria Painold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.M.); (L.S.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (E.Z.R.)
| | - Andreas Oberascher
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Clinic for Psychiatry, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Josef M. Tatschl
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Matthäus Fellinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | | | - Ana C. Serban
- Psychiatrist in Private Sector, Psychotherapist in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Independent Researcher, No 26-28 Dumitru Sergiu street, sector 1, 011026 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Joseph Ben-Sheetrit
- Psychiatrist in private practice, 3HaNechoshet St., Tel-Aviv 6971068, Israel;
| | - Ana-Marija Vejnovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mary I. Butler
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERSAM, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Nikola Zaja
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Polona Rus-Prelog
- Center for Clinical Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, 1260 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Robertas Strumila
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eva Z. Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.M.); (L.S.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (E.Z.R.)
| | - Sandra J. Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center (for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation), Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (S.J.H.)
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Abstract
Traditional medicines in the form of health food and supplements are highly popular nowadays. They are often aggressively promoted with unsubstantiated health benefit claims. Patients suffering from chronic illness, such as psychiatric disorders may be attracted to these products and use them concurrently with their prescribed drugs. The potential danger of these health supplements and traditional medicines containing products have prompted repeated warnings by the US Food and Drug Administration in recent years. A new initiative by the Food and Drug Administration in 2019 was also implemented to strengthen the oversight of these supplements. The WHO global compendium will include traditional medicines in 2019, which has generated much debate about their safety. Many practising psychiatrists are not familiar with traditional medicines, and clinically useful information is also not easily available. In this review, we examine the nature and safety of commonly encountered traditional medicine in these health food products and supplements.
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Tang SW, Tang WH, Leonard BE. Herbal medicine for psychiatric disorders: Psychopharmacology and neuroscience-based nomenclature. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019. [PMID: 28649903 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1346279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Herbs are frequently and concurrently used with prescribed drugs by patients worldwide. While clinical trials have found some herbs to be as useful as standard psychiatric drugs, most clinicians are unaware of their pharmacological mechanisms.Methods: We searched English language and other language literature with English abstracts listed in PubMed website, supplemented by additional through Google Scholar's free academic paper abstract website for publications on herbs, focussing on their clinical use in mental disorders, their neurobiology and their pharmacology.Results: A major reason for herbs remaining outside of mainstream psychiatry is that the terminology and concepts in herbal medicine are not familiar to psychiatrists in general. Many publications regarding the use of herbal medicine for psychiatric disorders are deficient in details regarding diagnosis, criteria for response and the neurobiology details compared with publications on standard psychotropic drugs. Nomenclature for herbal medicine is usually confusing and is not conducive to an easy understanding of their mode of action in psychiatric disorders.Conclusions: The recent neuroscience-based nomenclature (NbN) for psychotropics methodology would be a logical application to herbal medicine in facilitating a better understanding of the use of herbal medicine in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu W Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wayne H Tang
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Brian E Leonard
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Njan AA, Olaoye SO, Afolabi SO, Ejimkonye BC, Soje A, Olorundare OE, Iwalewa EO. Safety effect of fractions from methanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum on reproduction in male wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:496-504. [PMID: 31205861 PMCID: PMC6558029 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the reproductive toxicity of ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions from crude methanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum in male Wistar rats. Acute toxicity was assessed to determine the safety dose, Sub-chronic reproductive toxicity studies were carried out by administering daily 25, 100 and 400 mg/kg body weight doses of the fractions to respective group of animals and 1 ml of normal saline daily for the control group for 28 days. Blood, epididymis and testes were harvested for reproductive hormones, sperm parameters, and histopathologic analysis respectively. There was significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum levels of testosterone, body-weight gain, sperm count. There was also apparent increase in mean-testicular weight and preservation of testicular histology with increase spermatogenesis in both the ethyl acetate and butanolic fraction treated groups compared with control. Serum levels of luteinising hormone was however significantly (P < 0.05) decrease across the groups compared to control. These effects were more pronounced in the butanolic fraction group compared to the ethyl acetate treated group. Sperm motility was also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the ethyl acetate treated group compared to control. Findings from this studies demonstrate that these fractions were non-toxic at the tested doses with regards to male reproduction but, rather, exhibited fertility enhancing effects which was better with the butanolic fraction. Our findings also shows that the ethyl acetate fraction may be safer than the butanolic fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoka A Njan
- University of Ilorin, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sc, 240003, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Solomon O Olaoye
- University of Ilorin, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sc, 240003, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Saheed O Afolabi
- University of Ilorin, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sc, 240003, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Benjamen C Ejimkonye
- University of Ilorin, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sc, 240003, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Anthonia Soje
- University of Ilorin, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sc, 240003, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke E Olorundare
- University of Ilorin, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sc, 240003, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel O Iwalewa
- University of Ilorin, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sc, 240003, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Abstract
A significant number of patients with major depression do not respond optimally to current antidepressant drugs. As depression is likely to be a heterogeneous disorder, it is possible that existing neurotransmitter-based antidepressant drugs do not fully address other pathologies that may exist in certain cases. Biological pathologies related to depression that have been proposed and studied extensively include inflammation and immunology, hypercortisolemia, oxidative stress, and impaired angiogenesis. Such pathologies may induce neurodegeneration, which in turn causes cognitive impairment, a symptom increasingly being recognized in depression. A neurotoxic brain hypothesis unifying all these factors may explain the heterogeneity of depression as well as cognitive decline and antidepressant drug resistance in some patients. Compared with neurotransmitter-based antidepressant drugs, many botanical compounds in traditional medicine used for the treatment of depression and its related symptoms have been discovered to be anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anti-infection, antioxidative, and proangiogenic. Some botanical compounds also exert actions on neurotransmission. This multitarget nature of botanical medicine may act through the amelioration of the neurotoxic brain environment in some patients resistant to neurotransmitter-based antidepressant drugs. A multitarget multidimensional approach may be a reasonable solution for patients resistant to neurotransmitter-based antidepressant drugs.
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