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Fan Z, Lv X, Huang Y, Kong W, Ma C, Yan H. Non-Consumptive Effects of Harmonia axyridis on the Reproduction and Metabolism of Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2024; 15:395. [PMID: 38921110 PMCID: PMC11203465 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
An increasing body of research has underscored the significant impact of non-consumptive effects on the dynamics of prey pests, encompassing growth, development, reproduction, and metabolism across various vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, rivaling the influence of consumption effects. In our investigation, we delved into the non-consumptive effects exerted by the natural predatory enemy Harmonia axyridis on the reproductive capacity and metabolism of Spodoptera frugiperda adults. Our findings revealed a substantial decrease in the reproductive ability of S. frugiperda adults when exposed to the non-consumptive effects of H. axyridis. Concurrently, we observed an elevation in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalases (CATs), and peroxidases (PODs). Furthermore, notable alterations were detected in energy metabolism, characterized by heightened triglyceride levels and diminished glycogen and trehalose concentrations. These outcomes underscored the adaptive response of the pest aimed at mitigating non-consumptive adverse effects by augmenting antioxidant enzyme activity to counteract oxidative stress and minimize cellular damage. Nonetheless, this defensive mechanism entails a significant expenditure of energy resources, resulting in shifts in energy utilization. Elevated triglyceride levels and reduced glycogen and trehalose concentrations diminish available resources for reproductive processes, such as egg laying, ultimately culminating in decreased fecundity. This study contributes novel insights into the non-consumptive effects observed in insects, while also furnishing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying insect stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyun Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.F.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (W.K.)
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Xiaolu Lv
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.F.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Yuyang Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.F.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Weizhen Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.F.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Chongjian Ma
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - He Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.F.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (W.K.)
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan 512005, China
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Coyle O, Vredenburg VT, Stillman JH. Interactive abiotic and biotic stressor impacts on a stream-dwelling amphibian. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11371. [PMID: 38711490 PMCID: PMC11070774 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms within freshwater and marine environments are subject to a diverse range of often co-occurring abiotic and biotic stressors. Despite growing awareness of the complex multistress systems at play in aquatic ecosystems, many questions remain regarding how simultaneous stressors interact with one another and jointly impact aquatic species. We looked at multistress interactions in a protected stream ecosystem in Mendocino County, California. Specifically, we examined how diurnal temperature variation, turbidity, and predator cues altered the movement speed of larval Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus). In a second experiment, we looked at how simulated low-flow summer conditions impact the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in the same species. Larvae moved almost one and a half times faster in the presence of chemical cues from trout and suspended sediment, and almost two times faster when both sediment and trout cues were present but were only marginally affected by temperature and visual cues from conspecifics. Interestingly, the order of stressor exposure also appeared to influence larval speed, where exposure to sediment and trout in earlier trials tended to lead to faster speeds in later trials. Additionally, larvae exposed to low-flow conditions had more variable, but not statistically significantly higher, expression of HSPs. Our findings highlight the potential interactive effects of an abiotic stressor, sedimentation, and a biotic stressor, and predator chemical cues on an ecologically important trait: movement speed. Our findings also demonstrate the likely role of HSPs in larval salamander survival in challenging summer conditions. Taken together, these findings show that larval D. tenebrosus responds behaviorally to biotic and abiotic stressors and suggests a possible pathway for physiological tolerance of environmental stress. Consideration of multistress systems and their effects is important for understanding the full effects of co-occurring stressors on aquatic organisms to guide appropriate conservation and management efforts based on ecologically relevant responses of organisms within an environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Coyle
- Department of BiologySan Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vance T. Vredenburg
- Department of BiologySan Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Museum of Vertebrate ZoologyUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jonathon H. Stillman
- Department of BiologySan Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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Li F, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Lv T, Yu H, Yu D, Liu C. Predation risk-mediated indirect effects promote submerged plant growth: Implications for lake restoration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120512. [PMID: 38442660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Biological manipulation, involving fish stockings, is commonly used to counteract the deterioration of submerged vegetation in eutrophic lakes. Nevertheless, the non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of stocked carnivorous fish are often overlooked. Using a controlled experimental system, we investigated the NCEs of a native carnivorous fish, snakehead (Channa argus), on two key biological factors, herbivore-dominated grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and disturbance-dominated loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), influencing submerged plants growth. Additionally, we conducted a meta-analysis on predation risk and primary productivity. The results reveal that predation risk induces oxidative stress damage and affects grass carp growth. Non-significant changes in cortisol and glucose may be linked to predation risk prediction. Simultaneously, predation risk reduces fish feeding and disturbance behavior, relieving pressure on submerged plants to be grazed and disturbed, thereby supporting plant development. The presence of submerged plants, in turn, enhances loach activity and influences water body characteristics through negative feedback. Furthermore, the meta-analysis results indicate the facilitative effect of predation risk on primary producers. Our findings contribute to the understanding of biological manipulation theory. We demonstrate that the predation risk associated with introducing carnivorous fish can promote the growth of submerged plants through behaviorally mediated indirect effects. This highlights the potential utility of predation risk in lake restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchao Li
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tian Lv
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Haihao Yu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Dan Yu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Lin X, Cui X, Tang J, Zhu J, Li J. Predation Risk Effects of Lady Beetle Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) on the Melon Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. INSECTS 2023; 15:13. [PMID: 38249019 PMCID: PMC10816753 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Predation risk posed by natural enemies can alter pest performance. In our previous study, we found Menochilus sexmaculatus provides risk cues to melon aphids, resulting in increased numbers of winged aphids. However, the effects of predation risk on multiple traits including behavior, physiology, growth rate, and reproductive capacity of pests are not clear. This study examined the effects of predation risk on host preference, the activities of two important defense enzymes (CAT and SOD), longevity, and offspring production. The Y-tube trial results showed that the risk of M. sexmaculatus significantly altered the host preference of the aphids, leading to avoidance behavior. When exposed to M. sexmaculatus for a long period (24 h), the reproductive period and offspring production were significantly decreased, and adult longevity was significantly shortened. The defense enzyme activities of SOD and CAT, as well as the MDA content (which is considered a marker of oxidative stress and cellular damage) in the aphids, significantly increased under M. sexmaculatus risk. The compounds of M. sexmaculatus extracted with n-hexane and volatile compounds collected with HS-SPME were analyzed by GC-MS, and when combined with the behavior response experiment, the results showed that the alkane compounds n-henicosane, n-docosane, n-tricosane, n-pentacosane, and n-hentriacontane may contribute to the impact of predation risk. The results will be helpful in the comprehensive evaluation of the ability of lady beetles to affect the aphid population, and provide new ideas for using these compounds in aphid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiangxin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jihong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (J.Z.)
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Zamora-Camacho FJ. Keep the ball rolling: sexual differences in conglobation behavior of a terrestrial isopod under different degrees of perceived predation pressure. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16696. [PMID: 38144184 PMCID: PMC10740659 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antipredator behaviors are theoretically subjected to a balance by which their display should be minimized when their benefits do not outweigh their costs. Such costs may be not only energetic, but also entail a reduction in the time available for other fitness-enhancing behaviors. However, these behaviors are only beneficial under predation risk. Therefore, antipredator behaviors are predicted to be maximized under strong predation risk. Moreover, predation pressure can differ among individuals according to traits such as sex or body size, if these traits increase vulnerability. Antipredator behaviors are expected to be maximized in individuals whose traits make them more conspicuous to predators. However, how sex, body size and antipredator behaviors interact is not always understood. Methods In this work, I tested the interaction between sex, body size and antipredator behavior in the common pill woodlouse (Armadillidium vulgare), which conglobate (i.e., they roll up their bodies almost conforming a sphere that conceals their appendages) in response to predator attacks. Specifically, I tested whether latency to unroll after a standardized mechanical induction was greater in animals exposed to predator chemical cues (toad feces) than in conspecifics exposed to cues of non-predatory animals (rabbits) or no chemical cues whatsoever (distilled water), incorporating sex and body mass in the analyses. Results In agreement with my prediction, latency to unroll was greater in individuals exposed to predator chemical cues. In other words, these animals engage in conglobation for longer under perceived predator vicinity. However, this result was only true for males. This sexual dimorphism in antipredator behavior could result from males being under greater predation risk than females, thus having evolved more refined antipredator strategies. Indeed, males of this species are known to actively search for females, which makes them more prone to superficial ground mobility, and likely to being detected by predators. Body size was unrelated to latency to unroll. As a whole, these results support the hypothesis that antipredator behavior is tuned to predator cues in a way consistent with a balance between costs and benefits, which might differ between the sexes.
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Błońska D, Tarkan AS, Janic B, Tszydel M, Bukowska B. Does intraspecific competition cause oxidative stress? Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on antioxidant system of an invasive round goby. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10795. [PMID: 38130710 PMCID: PMC10733779 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in oxidative status represent organismal response to stressful external stimuli. While there is substantial knowledge on the influence of abiotic factors on the antioxidant system of different organisms, the impact of biotic factors remains largely unexplored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of acute competitive interactions on oxidative stress. Territory-resident and intruder round goby Neogobius melanostomus individuals were experimentally subjected to competition for limited shelter resource in three treatments (lasting 1, 6 and 12 h), and oxidative stress parameters (total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation), as well as behaviour (time spent in the shelter, guarding the shelter and aggression) were measured. All tested biochemical parameters reached higher values in the liver than in the muscle tissue. Fish behaviour and antioxidant defence did not show any potential relationships reflecting changes in antioxidant status and aggression. Particularly, there was no difference between resident and intruder fish in oxidative stress parameters. We compared our results to the outcome of our previous studies (similar experimental protocol and species) but with acute heat shock as a stressor instead of competition. The higher temperature was found to be a stronger stressor than the competition, most pronounced in total antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Błońska
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzŁódźPoland
| | - Ali Serhan Tarkan
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzŁódźPoland
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of FisheriesMuğla Sıtkı Koçman UniversityMuğlaTurkey
| | - Bartosz Janic
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzŁódźPoland
| | - Mariusz Tszydel
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzŁódźPoland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzŁódźPoland
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Li J, Yu Z, Warren A, Lin X. Predation risk affects the ecotoxicity evaluation of antibiotics: Population growth and antioxidase activity in the ciliate Paramecium jenningsi. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114536. [PMID: 36634479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although predation risk exists under natural conditions, its role is usually ignored when evaluating the ecotoxicity of environmental contaminants, and the interaction between predation risk and antibiotic ecotoxicity is not yet clear. To investigate the nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) of predation on the ecotoxicity evaluation of antibiotics, the median lethal concentration (LC50), relative population growth rate (RGR), and activities of three antioxidases were measured in the ciliate Paramecium jenningsi exposed to graded concentrations of the antibiotics nitrofurazone (NFZ) or erythromycin (ERY) in the presence or absence of a predator, i.e., the ciliate Didinium nasutum. The results showed that (1) NCEs significantly reduced the LC50 of NFZ but had no effect on that of ERY; (2) predation pressure alone had no significant effect on the inhibitory rate of the P. jenningsi population, but the interaction with NFZ was synergistic, while that with CRY was additive; (3) the concentrationresponse (i.e., mortality) model for each antibiotic exposure with and without predation pressure differed significantly in the parameter slope; (4) RGRs were significantly reduced by antibiotic exposure or NCEs; only in NFZ-exposed groups did the RGRs decrease linearly with increasing exposure concentration; and (5) the activities of all three antioxidases significantly increased due to NCEs or following exposure to antibiotics. In brief, NCEs were detected in P. jenningsi, and these had additive or synergistic effects on antibiotic ecotoxicity, but their magnitude depended on the properties and exposure concentrations of the antibiotics. Our findings suggest that it is necessary to consider the roles of NCEs in the ecotoxicity evaluation of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ziyue Yu
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Febrer-Serra M, Lassnig N, Colomar V, Picó G, Tejada S, Sureda A, Pinya S. Oxidative stress and behavioral responses of moorish geckos (Tarentola mauritanica) submitted to the presence of an introduced potential predator (Hemorrhois hippocrepis). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158864. [PMID: 36169021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stressful situations induce an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can lead to molecular damage and alteration of cell function. The introduction of new potential predators induces physiological stress in native fauna. However, behavioral responses have been reported in preys, demonstrating an induction of the defenses against alien species. Behavioral and antioxidant enzyme responses in the moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica, against the invasive predator horseshoe whip snake (Hemorrhois hippocrepis) were assessed. Behavior was recorded and a tissue sample from the tail was collected after placing the gecko in a terrarium with previous absence or presence of the snake in 'Control' and 'H. hippocrepis' groups, respectively. Fifteen behavioral variables were examined, including tongue flick (TF) and locomotion patterns. Antioxidant enzyme activities -catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR)-, and the levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio (GSH/GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured in the tissue sampled. Geckos exposed to the snake's odor showed a higher number of TF, longer amounts of time remaining motionless or moving in slow motion and they spent less time on the ground in comparison to the 'Control' group. The presence of the snake produced a significant increase in the activities of CAT, SOD and GR and a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio in T. mauritanica individuals exposed to the snake's scent. Thus, both behavioral responses and oxidative stress biomarkers clearly showed that T. mauritanica is able to recognize H. hippocrepis as a potential predator, despite being a recently introduced snake at the Balearic Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Febrer-Serra
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Nil Lassnig
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Víctor Colomar
- Consortium for the Recovery of Fauna of the Balearic Islands (COFIB), Government of the Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Gabriela Picó
- Consortium for the Recovery of Fauna of the Balearic Islands (COFIB), Government of the Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, Ed. Guillem Colom, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, Ed. Guillem Colom, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, Ed. Guillem Colom, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Samuel Pinya
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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Ristyadi D, He XZ, Wang Q. Predator- and killed prey-induced fears bear significant cost to an invasive spider mite: Implications in pest management. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5456-5462. [PMID: 36057852 PMCID: PMC9826069 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of biological control using predators is normally assumed to be achieved through direct predation. Yet it is largely unknown how the predator- and killed prey-induced stress to prey may contribute to biological control effectiveness. Here, we investigate variations in life-history traits and offspring fitness of the spider mite Tetranychus ludeni in response to cues from the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis and killed T. ludeni, providing knowledge for evaluation of the nonconsumptive contribution to the biological control of T. ludeni and for future development of novel spider mite control measures using these cues. RESULTS Cues from predators and killed prey shortened longevity by 23-25% and oviposition period by 35-40%, and reduced fecundity by 31-37% in T. ludeni females. These cues significantly reduced the intrinsic rate of increase (rm ) and net population growth rate (R0 ), and extended time to double the population size (Dt ). Predator cues significantly delayed lifetime production of daughters. Mothers exposed to predator cues laid significantly smaller eggs and their offspring developed significantly more slowly but these eggs had significantly higher hatch rate. CONCLUSION Predator- and killed prey-induced fears significantly lower the fitness of T. ludeni, suggesting that these nonconsumptive effects can contribute to the effectiveness of biological control to a great extent. Our study provides critical information for evaluation of biological control effectiveness using predators and paves the way for identification of chemical odors from the predator and killed prey, and development of new materials and methods for the control of spider mite pests. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Ristyadi
- School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
- Agriculture FacultyJambi UniversityJambiIndonesia
| | - Xiong Z He
- School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
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Redinger JM, Halvorson HM, Gifford ME. Variable stoichiometric and macronutrient responses to lizard predation in Ozark glade grasshopper communities. Oecologia 2022; 199:757-768. [PMID: 35610326 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The General Stress Paradigm (GSP) predicts that prey body compositions should shift under chronic predation as prey increase body carbon and decrease body nitrogen content through dietary changes, heightened metabolism, reduced dietary efficiency, and the breakdown of nitrogen rich tissues to make labile carbohydrates available. In our study, we explored how the elemental and macronutrient content along with the morphology of three abundant Ozark glade grasshopper species differed between glades with and without predatory collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris) populations. Our results indicated that lichen grasshoppers (Trimerotropis saxatilis) increased body C:N ratios in response to predators. Scudder's short-wing grasshoppers (Melanoplus scudderi) increased both body %C and %protein content, while the handsome grasshoppers (Syrbula admirabilis) did not significantly respond to the presence of collared lizards. None of the three grasshopper species showed morphological responses to predation. We also found that elemental and macronutrient content of grasshoppers was not always significantly correlated and was not associated with the same environmental factors, indicating a need to incorporate both perspectives in future research and utilize more accurate macromolecular assays. Overall, we found support for some aspects of the GSP in field-active animals and add to the growing body of evidence that predator-induced changes in prey body composition are more complex than predicted by the original GSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Redinger
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Halvor M Halvorson
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Matthew E Gifford
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA.
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Jermacz Ł, Kletkiewicz H, Poznańska-Kakareko M, Klimiuk M, Kobak J. Chronic predation risk affects prey escape abilities through behavioral and physiological changes. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
One of the options to reduce predation risk is reallocation of energy into locomotion system. The higher aerobic capacity, the more energy can be partitioned into an escape. Thus, increase in aerobic capacity can increase prey escape abilities. We investigated prey (freshwater crustaceans: Dikerogammarus villosus and Gammarus jazdzewskii) ability to improve their locomotor performance through an increase in aerobic capacity under chronic predation risk. We forced gammarids (pre-exposed to the predation cue or control) to long-distance swimming in the presence or absence of predation cues to obtain: control (pre-exposure and test in control conditions), acute (pre-exposure to control conditions, test in the presence of the predation cue) and chronic (pre-exposure and test in the presence of the cue) risk treatments. After this forced swimming effort, we measured various swimming parameters, glycogen content, and lactate concentration of the experimental amphipods. Exposure to predation cues made G. jazdzewskii reduce its speed after prolonged forced swimming in the presence of predation cues, whereas D. villosus never changed its swimming performance due to predation risk. In both species, post-effort lactate concentration was higher under the acute predation risk than in risk-free conditions. However, only D. villosus demonstrated lower lactate concentration when exposed to chronic vs. acute predation risk. Moreover, pre-exposure of both species to predation cues caused reduction in glycogen content. We showed that under chronic predation risk some prey species can modify their physiology to increase aerobic capacity and sustain high efficiency of escape performance. However, this phenomenon is species-specific and costly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jermacz
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Lwowska, Toruń, Poland
| | - Hanna Kletkiewicz
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology, Lwowska, Toruń, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Poznańska-Kakareko
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Lwowska, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maciej Klimiuk
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology, Lwowska, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobak
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Lwowska, Toruń, Poland
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13
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Meuthen D, Ferrari MCO, Chivers DP. Paternal care effects outweigh gamete-mediated and personal environment effects during the transgenerational estimation of risk in fathead minnows. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:187. [PMID: 34635051 PMCID: PMC8507329 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals can estimate risk by integrating prenatal with postnatal and personal information, but the relative importance of different information sources during the transgenerational response is unclear. The estimated level of risk can be tested using the cognitive rule of risk allocation, which postulates that under consistent high-risk, antipredator efforts should decrease so that individual metabolic requirements can be satisfied. Here we conduct a comprehensive study on transgenerational risk transmission by testing whether risk allocation occurs across 12 treatments that consist of different maternal, paternal, parental care (including cross-fostering) and offspring risk environment combinations in the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, a small cyprinid fish with alloparental care. In each risk environment, we manipulated perceived risk by continuously exposing individuals from birth onwards to conspecific alarm cues or a control water treatment. Using 2810 1-month old individuals, we then estimated shoaling behaviour prior to and subsequent to a novel mechanical predator disturbance. RESULTS Overall, shoals estimating risk to be high were denser during the prestimulus period, and, following the risk allocation hypothesis, resumed normal shoaling densities faster following the disturbance. Treatments involving parental care consistently induced densest shoals and greatest levels of risk allocation. Although prenatal risk environments did not relate to paternal care intensity, greater care intensity induced more risk allocation when parents provided care for their own offspring as opposed to those that cross-fostered fry. In the absence of care, parental effects on shoaling density were relatively weak and personal environments modulated risk allocation only when parental risk was low. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the high relative importance of parental care as opposed to other information sources, and its function as a mechanism underlying transgenerational risk transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Meuthen
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
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14
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MacKay RN, Wood TC, Moore PA. Running away or running to? Do prey make decisions solely based on the landscape of fear or do they also include stimuli from a landscape of safety? J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272127. [PMID: 34515298 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions are a key part of ecosystem function, and non-consumptive effects fall under the landscape of fear theory. Under the landscape of fear, the antipredator responses of prey are based on the spatial and temporal distribution of predatory cues in the environment. However, the aversive stimuli (fear) are not the only stimuli prey can utilize when making behavioral decisions. Prey might also be using attractive stimuli that represent safety to guide decision making. Using a novel, orthogonal design, we were able to spatially separate aversive and attractive stimuli to determine whether prey are utilizing safety cues to navigate their environment. Crayfish Faxonius rusticus were placed in the center of a behavioral arena. Aversive stimuli of either predatory bass Micropterus salmoides cues or conspecific alarm cues increased along the x-axis of the behavioral arena. Safety cues (shelters) increased along the y-axis by decreasing the number of shelter openings in this direction. Crayfish were allowed two phases to explore the arena: one without the fearful stimuli and one with the stimuli. Linear mixed models were conducted to determine whether movement behaviors and habitat utilization were affected by the phase of the trial and the type of aversive stimuli. Crayfish responded more strongly to alarm cues than to fear cues, with only alarm cues significantly impacting habitat utilization. When responding to alarm cues, crayfish used safety cues as well as fear cues to relocate themselves within the arena. Based on these results, we argue that crayfish utilize a landscape of safety in conjunction with a landscape of fear when navigating their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N MacKay
- Laboratory for Sensory Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Tyler C Wood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
| | - Paul A Moore
- Laboratory for Sensory Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
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15
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Wen J, Ueno T. Predator cue-induced plasticity of morphology and behavior in planthoppers facilitate the survival from predation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16760. [PMID: 34408199 PMCID: PMC8373946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Predators can induce phenotypic plasticity in prey through selection driven by predation risk. However, defense plasticity is rarely reported in insects, let alone trans-generational plasticity, meaning the mechanisms underlying plasticity, how it impacts ecosystem evolution and how it might be exploited in pest control are poorly understood. Here we examine the morphological plasticity of small brown planthoppers (SBPHs), Laodelphax striatellus, elicited by caged predators, Paederus fuscipes in the parent or F1 generation and reveal the risk cues mediating these effects. We also uncover the survival outcomes in SBPHs with predator-induced defensive morphological traits by examining their survival probability and behavioral plasticity. Results showed that caged predators or predator odor cue gave rise to a higher proportion of long-winged, female SBPHs in the parent and F1 generations, but the proportion of males and their wing length were unaffected. The visual cue from predators elicited weaker effects. Surprisingly, we discovered these long-winged forms suffered a lower predation rate when attacked by P. fuscipes, owing to an enhanced agility level. Our results suggest the within- and trans-generational plasticity of induced defenses may cause profound effects on SBPH population dynamics and prey-predator interaction. Understanding this interaction and its underlying mechanisms illuminates important aspects of ecosystem evolution and helps predict pest dispersal or migration, which in turn may be exploited for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819- 0395, Japan.
| | - Takatoshi Ueno
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819- 0395, Japan
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16
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Paul N, Novais SC, Silva CSE, Mendes S, Kunzmann A, Lemos MFL. Global warming overrides physiological anti-predatory mechanisms in intertidal rock pool fish Gobius paganellus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:145736. [PMID: 33640546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In nature, a multitude of factors influences the fitness of an organism at a given time, which makes single stressor assessments far from ecologically relevant scenarios. This study focused on the effects of water temperature and predation stress on the metabolism and body mass gain of a common intertidal rock pool fish, Gobius paganellus, addressing the following hypotheses: (1) the energy metabolism of G. paganellus under predation stress is reduced; (2) G. paganellus shows thermal compensation under heat stress; and (3) thermal stress is the dominant stressor that may override predation stress responses. Individuals were exposed to simulated predation stress and temperature increase from 20 °C to 29 °C, and both stressors combined. Physiological effects were addressed using biochemical biomarkers related with energy metabolism (isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, energy available, energy consumption rates), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation), and biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferase). The results of this study revealed that predation stress reduced the cellular metabolism of G. paganellus, and enhanced storage of protein reserves. As hypothesized, hyperthermia decreased the aerobic mitochondrial metabolism, indicating thermal compensation mechanisms to resist against unfavourable temperatures. Hyperthermia was the dominant stressor overriding the physiological responses to predation stress. Both stressors combined might further have synergistically activated detoxification pathways, even though not strong enough to counteract lipid peroxidation and DNA damage completely. The synergistic effect of combined thermal and predation stress thus may not only increase the risk of being preyed upon, but also may indicate extra energy trade-off for the basal metabolism, which in turn may have ecologically relevant consequences for general body functions such as somatic growth and reproduction. The present findings clearly underline the ecological importance of multi-stressor assessments to provide a better and holistic picture of physiological responses towards more realistic evaluations of climate change consequences for intertidal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Paul
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520 - 630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Cátia S E Silva
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520 - 630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Susana Mendes
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520 - 630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Andreas Kunzmann
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520 - 630 Peniche, Portugal.
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17
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Roux O, Renault D, Mouline K, Diabaté A, Simard F. Living with predators at the larval stage has differential long-lasting effects on adult life history and physiological traits in two anopheline mosquito species. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 131:104234. [PMID: 33831434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Roux
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Institut de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - David Renault
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes biodiversitéévolution) - UMR 6553, F-35000 Rennes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Karine Mouline
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Institut de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Institut de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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18
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Predator presence affects activity patterns but not food consumption or growth of juvenile corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Pham HT, Dinh KV, Nguyen CC, Quoc LB. Changes in the Magnitude of the Individual and Combined Effects of Contaminants, Warming, and Predators on Tropical Cladocerans across 11 Generations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15287-15295. [PMID: 33200939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A massive challenge in ecotoxicology is assessing how the interaction of contaminants, climate change, and biotic stressors shapes the structure and functions of natural populations. Furthermore, it is not known whether contemporary evolutionary responses to multiple stressors across multigenerations may alter the interaction of these stressors. To address these issues, we exposed Moina dubia to lead (Pb, 50 μg/L) under two temperatures (25 and 28 °C) with/without predator cues from climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) for 11 generations (F1-F11). We assessed changes in M. dubia fitness, including development time, adult size, lifespan, fecundity, and neonate production. We found strong negative effects of Pb, elevated temperature, and predator cues on the fitness of M. dubia. Strikingly, Pb-induced reduction in the performance of M. dubia was stronger at 25 °C and in the absence of predator cues. The individual and interactive effects of Pb, temperature, and predator cues on M. dubia were stronger across F1-F9 and generally leveled off in F10-F11. Our results highlight the high vulnerability of M. dubia to multiple stressors, thus weakening top-down control on algal blooms in eutrophic lakes. Our study underscores the importance of integrating evolutionary responses in realistic ecotoxicological risk assessments of contaminants interacting with climatic and biotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong T Pham
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi 116705, Vietnam
| | - Khuong V Dinh
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Cuong C Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi 116705, Vietnam
| | - Lap B Quoc
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi 116705, Vietnam
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20
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Engström-Öst J, Kanerva M, Vuori K, Riebesell U, Spisla C, Glippa O. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence responses in two marine copepods in a high CO 2 experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140600. [PMID: 32717595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We collected samples for oxidative stress and antioxidants in a high CO2 mesocosm experiment for two weeks, focussing on two common crustacean copepods Calanus finmarchicus and Temora longicornis. The samples were collected during a field experiment campaign studying responses of plankton communities to future ocean acidification (OA), off the Norwegian coast south of Bergen. The main results showed that there were species-specific differences between Temora and Calanus, especially in antioxidant defences (glutathione system) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and reduced:oxidised glutathione ratio). Regular monitoring of chlorophyll a and jellyfish abundances taking place during the field campaign revealed that both chl a and predators may have affected the eco-physiological response. Antioxidant and oxidative stress levels are known to respond sensitively to both the food quality and quantity and the predator pressure, apart from environmental (i.e., abiotic) changes. Calanus was more robust towards OA, perhaps due to its high tolerance to a wide range of vertical physical-chemical conditions. Both top-down and bottom-up factors seem to play a role for the outcome of copepod responses to future ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, JP-790-8577 Matsuyama, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Carsten Spisla
- Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Olivier Glippa
- Novia University of Applied Sciences, FI-10600 Ekenäs, Finland
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21
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Boutry J, Dujon AM, Gerard AL, Tissot S, Macdonald N, Schultz A, Biro PA, Beckmann C, Hamede R, Hamilton DG, Giraudeau M, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Anticancer Adaptations. iScience 2020; 23:101716. [PMID: 33241195 PMCID: PMC7674277 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular cheating leading to cancers exists in all branches of multicellular life, favoring the evolution of adaptations to avoid or suppress malignant progression, and/or to alleviate its fitness consequences. Ecologists have until recently largely neglected the importance of cancer cells for animal ecology, presumably because they did not consider either the potential ecological or evolutionary consequences of anticancer adaptations. Here, we review the diverse ways in which the evolution of anticancer adaptations has significantly constrained several aspects of the evolutionary ecology of multicellular organisms at the cell, individual, population, species, and ecosystem levels and suggest some avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Boutry
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine M. Dujon
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Anne-Lise Gerard
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Tissot
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nick Macdonald
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Aaron Schultz
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Peter A. Biro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - David G. Hamilton
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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22
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Jermacz Ł, Kletkiewicz H, Krzyżyńska K, Klimiuk M, Kobak J. Does global warming intensify cost of antipredator reaction? A case study of freshwater amphipods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140474. [PMID: 32623164 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is a worldwide phenomenon affecting the functioning of diverse ecosystems, including fresh waters. Temperature increase affects physiology and behaviour of ectotherms due to growing energetic demands necessary to sustain increased metabolic rate. Anti-predator responses may resemble temperature-induced changes in organisms, suggesting synergism between these factors. To check how temperature shapes physiological and behavioural responses of ectotherms to predation risk, we exposed amphipods: Dikerogammarus villosus and Gammarus jazdzewskii to fish kairomones at 10, 17 or 24 °C. Animals were placed in tanks where temperature was gradually adjusted to the desired test temperature and acclimated under such conditions for 3 subsequent days. Then they were exposed to the predator cue (the Eurasian perch kairomone) for 35 min to test their acute responses. We measured metabolic rate (as respiration), antioxidant defence (CAT: catalase activity, TAS: total antioxidant status), oxidative molecules (TOS: total oxidative status), oxidative damage (TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and behaviour (locomotor activity). Amphipods increased respiration with raising temperature and when exposed to predation risk (all temperatures). Only G. jazdzewskii exhibited increased TOS when exposed to 24 °C or to predation risk at all temperatures. Antioxidant defence increased with raising temperature (CAT, TAS) and decreased under predation risk (CAT). Cellular damage increased in G. jazdzewskii under predation risk at 10 and 24 °C, but raised temperature itself did not generate any damage. Amphipods reduced locomotor activity at 24 °C. Thus, at elevated temperatures, amphipods minimized their cellular damage at the cost of increased antioxidant defence and lower locomotor activity (potentially disadvantageous under higher energetic demands). Under predation risk, the performance of antioxidant systems was reduced, probably due to energy allocation into anti-predatory mechanisms, leading to increased cellular damage at suboptimum temperatures. Thus, negative consequences of elevated temperature for organisms may be amplified by changes in behaviour (compromising food acquisition) and non-consumptive predator effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jermacz
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Hanna Kletkiewicz
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krzyżyńska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Maciej Klimiuk
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobak
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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23
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Sommer NR, Schmitz OJ. Differences in prey personality mediate trophic cascades. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9538-9551. [PMID: 32953082 PMCID: PMC7487229 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional trait approaches in ecology chiefly assume the mean trait value of a population adequately predicts the outcome of species interactions. Yet this assumption ignores substantial trait variation among individuals within a population, which can have a profound effect on community structure and function. We explored individual trait variation through the lens of animal personality to test whether among-individual variation in prey behavior mediates trophic interactions. We quantified the structure of personalities within a population of generalist grasshoppers and examined, through a number of field and laboratory-based experiments, how personality types could impact tri-trophic interactions in a food chain. Unlike other studies of this nature, we used spatial habitat domains to evaluate how personality types mechanistically map to behaviors relevant in predator-prey dynamics and found shy and bold individuals differed in both their habitat use and foraging strategy under predation risk by a sit-and-wait spider predator. In the field-based mesocosm portion of our study, we found experimental populations of personality types differed in their trophic impact, demonstrating that prey personality can mediate trophic cascades. We found no differences in respiration rates or body size between personality types used in the mesocosm experiment, indicating relative differences in trophic impact were not due to variation in prey physiology but rather variation in behavioral strategies. Our work demonstrates how embracing the complexity of individual trait variation can offer mechanistically richer understanding of the processes underlying trophic interactions.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
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Animals have a Plan B: how insects deal with the dual challenge of predators and pathogens. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:381-390. [PMID: 32529590 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When animals are faced with a life-threatening challenge, they mount an organism-wide response (i.e. Plan A). For example, both the stress response (i.e. fight-or-flight) and the immune response recruit molecular resources from other body tissues, and induce physiological changes that optimize the body for defense. However, pathogens and predators often co-occur. Animals that can optimize responses for a dual challenge, i.e. simultaneous predator and pathogen attacks, will have a selective advantage. Responses to a combined predator and pathogen attack have not been well studied, but this paper summarizes the existing literature in insects. The response to dual challenges (i.e. Plan B) results in a suite of physiological changes that are different from either the stress response or the immune response, and is not a simple summation of the two. It is also not a straight-forward trade-off of one response against the other. The response to a dual challenge (i.e. Plan B) appears to resolve physiological trade-offs between the stress and immune responses, and reconfigures both responses to provide the best overall defense. However, the dual response appears to be more costly than either response occurring singly, resulting in greater damage from oxidative stress, reduced growth rate, and increased mortality.
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Continuity of chronic predation risk determines changes in prey physiology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6972. [PMID: 32332831 PMCID: PMC7181678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prey reconfigure their physiology to avoid costs of prolonged predator pressure. However, these changes might not occur under periodic predation risk, with repeating acute phases. To test the effect of predation risk continuity on changes in prey physiology, we exposed amphipods: Dikerogammarus villosus and Gammarus jazdzewskii to periodic and constant predation cue. After one week, we measured: cellular defence systems: total antioxidant status (TAS), heat shock proteins (Hsp70); intracellular damage marker: lipid peroxidation (TBARS); condition index: glycogen concentration. Predator presence reduced TAS level in G. jazdzewskii independent of its continuity and in D. villosus after periodic exposure. Amphipods showed downregulation of Hsp70 when exposed to periodic (D. villosus) or constant (G. jazdzewskii) predation risk. Exposure to predators reduced TBARS level in D. villosus (irrespective of the continuity) and G. jazdzewskii (periodic exposure). Glycogen concentration in both species was not affected by predator presence. Thus, the continuity of the predator cue shaped prey physiology reconfiguration, optimizing costs of physiological adjustments under challenging conditions. Nevertheless, the lack of negative consequences of the prolonged exposure to the predator cue, whether constant or periodic, shows that amphipods can thrive under chronic predation risk, which is a constant part of the wild environment.
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Juárez-Hernández E, Villalobos-Jiménez G, Gutierrez-Corona JF, Krams I, González-Soriano E, Contreras-Garduño J. Hidden Costs in the Physiology of Argia anceps (Zigoptera: Coenagrionidae) due to Pollution. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:227-233. [PMID: 31849022 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Before a population becomes extinct, there are hidden costs in the physiology at the individual level that provide valuable insights into their condition. Here, we study two dams with one species in common (Argia anceps Garrison, 1996) to evaluate whether their physiological condition differed (total protein quantity, prophenoloxidase (proPO) and phenoloxidase (PO) activity, and protein carbonylation) during two consecutive years. The first dam, "El Gallinero" (contaminated, C), contains organic input from mines and agricultural activity, whereas the second, "Paso de Vaqueros" (non-contaminated, NC), is part of a biosphere reserve. Although at a phenological level, some physiological differences were observed (2012 vs 2013), individuals from the contaminated population had less total protein (2012, median = 1.815 μg/μL; 2013, 0.081 μg/μL) and more carbonylations in their proteins (2012, median = 19.00 nmol/mg; 2013, median = 121.69 nmol/mg) compared with the non-contaminated population (protein quantity in 2012, median = 3.716 μg/μL; 2013, median = 0.054 μg/μL; protein carbonylations in 2012, median = 0.00 nmol/mg; 2013, median = 99.44 nmol/mg). However, no significant differences were found in prophenoloxidase (C, median = 0.002 Vmax; NC, median = 0.002 Vmax) and phenoloxidase activity (C, median = 0.002 Vmax; NC, median = 0.001 Vmax). In addition, the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and Zn were more elevated in the C than NC population (C, BOD = 11.7, Zn = 0.17; NC, BOD = 8, Zn = 0.14). The results show that the impact of human activity can be observed not only through the extinction of species, but also at the physiological level of the individuals composing the populations through the evaluation of biomolecular damage, which can be observed at a much shorter scale compared with species extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Juárez-Hernández
- Depto de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Univ de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - J F Gutierrez-Corona
- Depto de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Univ de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - I Krams
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Dept of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Univ of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - J Contreras-Garduño
- ENES, unidad Morelia, UNAM, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No.8701. Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta Código, 58190, Morelia, Mexico.
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Cinel SD, Hahn DA, Kawahara AY. Predator-induced stress responses in insects: A review. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 122:104039. [PMID: 32113954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Predators can induce extreme stress and profound physiological responses in prey. Insects are the most dominant animal group on Earth and serve as prey for many different predators. Although insects have an extraordinary diversity of anti-predator behavioral and physiological responses, predator-induced stress has not been studied extensively in insects, especially at the molecular level. Here, we review the existing literature on physiological predator-induced stress responses in insects and compare what is known about insect stress to vertebrate stress systems. We conclude that many unrelated insects share a baseline pathway of predator-induced stress responses that we refer to as the octopamine-adipokinetic hormone (OAH) axis. We also present best practices for studying predator-induced stress responses in prey insects. We encourage investigators to compare neurophysiological responses to predator-related stress at the organismal, neurohormonal, tissue, and cellular levels within and across taxonomic groups. Studying stress-response variation between ecological contexts and across taxonomic levels will enable the field to build a holistic understanding of, and distinction between, taxon- and stimulus-specific responses relative to universal stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Cinel
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Daniel A Hahn
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Akito Y Kawahara
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Rinehart S, Hawlena D. The effects of predation risk on prey stoichiometry: a meta‐analysis. Ecology 2020; 101:e03037. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rinehart
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - D. Hawlena
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904 Israel
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Sun J, Bai Y. Predator-induced stress influences fall armyworm immune response to inoculating bacteria. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 172:107352. [PMID: 32194028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The insect innateimmunesystem is assorted into two general categories, cellular and humoral immunity. Aside from direct challenge by invaders, predation risk can be perceived as odors, sounds or nearness. In this study, we evaluated influence of predation risk by the predatory bug Podisus maculiventris on immunity of an herbivore Spodoptera frugiperda. Under the predator-induced stress combined with Escherichia coli inoculation, several larval physiological parameters of S. frugiperda were studied, including body mass, nodulation, and phenoloxidase activity. Our findings offernew evidence that provides insight into the immunological mechanism of predator-induced stress effects on prey species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Sun
- Southwest University, College of Plant Protection, 2 # Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyu Bai
- Southwest University, College of Plant Protection, 2 # Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Glazier DS, Borrelli JJ, Hoffman CL. Effects of Fish Predators on the Mass-Related Energetics of a Keystone Freshwater Crustacean. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9030040. [PMID: 32106435 PMCID: PMC7150980 DOI: 10.3390/biology9030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how predators or their cues affect the acquisition and allocation of energy throughout the ontogeny of prey organisms. To address this question, we have been comparing the ontogenetic body-mass scaling of various traits related to energy intake and use between populations of a keystone amphipod crustacean inhabiting freshwater springs, with versus without fish predators. In this progress report, we analyze new and previously reported data to develop a synthetic picture of how the presence/absence of fish predators affects the scaling of food assimilation, fat content, metabolism, growth and reproduction in populations of Gammarus minus located in central Pennsylvania (USA). Our analysis reveals two major clusters of ‘symmorphic allometry’ (parallel scaling relationships) for traits related to somatic versus reproductive investment. In the presence of fish predators, the scaling exponents for somatic traits tend to decrease, whereas those for reproductive traits tend to increase. This divergence of scaling exponents reflects an intensified trade-off between somatic and reproductive investments resulting from low adult survival in the face of size-selective predation. Our results indicate the value of an integrated view of the ontogenetic size-specific energetics of organisms and its response to both top-down (predation) and bottom-up (resource supply) effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. Glazier
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-641-3584
| | - Jonathan J. Borrelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
| | - Casandra L. Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VI 22908, USA;
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Jermacz Ł, Nowakowska A, Kletkiewicz H, Kobak J. Experimental evidence for the adaptive response of aquatic invertebrates to chronic predation risk. Oecologia 2020; 192:341-350. [PMID: 31919694 PMCID: PMC7002334 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As acute stress induced by predation risk can generate significant oxidative damage, prey organisms are forced to balance their defence reaction and the cost of activating the cellular defence system. Stress tolerance differs significantly among species; therefore predator pressure indirectly shapes the community structure. To test adaptation abilities of amphipod crustaceans (Dikerogammarus villosus and Gammarus jazdzewskii) we exposed them to acute (35 min.) and chronic (1 or 7 days) predation risk (the Eurasian perch). We measured respiration (related to metabolic rate), cellular defence systems (antioxidant enzyme (catalase) activity and heat shock protein (Hsp70) concentration), and the level of oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration). Both amphipods increased their respiration rate in the presence of predation cues, irrespective of the duration of their pre-exposure to danger. This increase in D. villosus was initiated more quickly (immediately vs. after 10 min. of the test) and lasted for a longer time (20 vs. 10 min.) than in G. jazdzewskii. However, only G. jazdzewskii after a short exposure to predation risk exhibited an increase in its catalase activity, Hsp70 concentration and oxidative damage. No changes in these parameters were exhibited by D. villosus or after a chronic exposure of G. jazdzewskii to predation cues. Our results show that prey organisms are able to reconfigure their physiology to maintain increased metabolic rate under prolonged predator pressure and, at the same time, reduce oxidative damage as well as costs related to anti-oxidant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jermacz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland. .,Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Anna Nowakowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Hanna Kletkiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobak
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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Oxidative stress resistance in a short-lived Neotropical annual killifish. Biogerontology 2019; 21:217-229. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Boudreau MR, Seguin JL, Boonstra R, Palme R, Boutin S, Krebs CJ, Murray DL. Experimental increase in predation risk causes a cascading stress response in free-ranging snowshoe hares. Oecologia 2019; 191:311-323. [PMID: 31535254 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research confirms that environmental stressors like predation risk can profoundly affect animal condition and physiology. However, there is a lack of experimental research assessing the suite of physiological responses to risk that may arise under realistic field conditions, leaving a fragmented picture of risk-related physiological change and potential downstream consequences on individuals. We increased predation risk in free-ranging snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) during two consecutive summers by simulating natural chases using a model predator and monitored hares intensively via radio-telemetry and physiological assays, including measures designed to assess changes in stress physiology and overall condition. Compared to controls, risk-augmented hares had 25.8% higher free plasma cortisol, 15.9% lower cortisol-binding capacity, a greater neutrophil:lymphocyte skew, and a 10.4% increase in glucose. Despite these changes, intra-annual changes in two distinct condition indices, were unaffected by risk exposure. We infer risk-augmented hares compensated for changes in their stress physiology through either compensatory foraging and/or metabolic changes, which allowed them to have comparable condition to controls. Although differences between controls and risk-augmented hares were consistent each year, both groups had heightened stress measures during the second summer, likely reflecting an increase in natural stressors (i.e., predators) in the environment. We show that increased predation risk in free-ranging animals can profoundly alter stress physiology and that compensatory responses may contribute to limiting effects of such changes on condition. Ultimately, our results also highlight the importance of biologically relevant experimental risk manipulations in the wild as a means of assessing physiological responses to natural stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Boudreau
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 0G2, Canada.
| | - Jacob L Seguin
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stan Boutin
- Faculty of Science, 1-001 CCIS, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Charles J Krebs
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dennis L Murray
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 0G2, Canada
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Inter-population variation in the intensity of host manipulation by the fish acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus tereticollis: are differences driven by predation risk? Parasitology 2019; 146:1296-1304. [PMID: 31169092 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many trophically-transmitted parasites induce behavioural alteration in their intermediate hosts that tend to increase host vulnerability to predation. Inter-population variability in parasite-induced alterations is expected to arise from variable local opportunities for trophic transmission. Yet, this hypothesis has not been investigated so far. We addressed the issue in four populations of the fish parasite Pomphorhynchus tereticollis (Acanthocephala), using variable fish biomass density as a proxy for transmission opportunities. We found variation in the intensity of parasite-induced changes in phototaxis and refuge use among populations. Two of the populations with the lowest predator biomass exhibited the highest levels of behavioural manipulation and prevalence, as expected at low transmission opportunities. They also exhibited micro-habitat segregation between infected and uninfected gammarids in the field. In addition, infection had variable effects on two physiological defence systems, immunity and antioxidant capacity, and on total protein content. Overall, our study brings partial support to the prediction that host manipulation and prevalence should be higher at low predator biomass. Although stronger evidence should be sought by increasing population replicates, our study points to the importance of the ecological context, specifically transmission opportunities brought about by predation pressure, for the evolution of parasite manipulation in trophically-transmitted parasites.
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Roux O, Robert V. Larval predation in malaria vectors and its potential implication in malaria transmission: an overlooked ecosystem service? Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:217. [PMID: 31068213 PMCID: PMC6505304 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of aquatic predators in controlling the anopheline aquatic stage has been known for decades. Recently, studies have highlighted that exposition to predation stress during aquatic development can have a profound impact on life-history traits (e.g. growth rate, fecundity and longevity) and consequently on the ability of adults to transmit human malaria parasites. In this study, we present a review aiming to contextualize the role of Anopheles larvae predators as an ecosystem factor interacting with the malaria pathogen through its vector, i.e. the female adult Anopheles. We first envisage the predator diversity that anopheline vectors are susceptible to encounter in their aquatic habitats. We then focus on mosquito-predator interactions with a special mention to anti-predator behaviors and prey adaptations developed to deal with the predation threat. Next, we address the direct and indirect effects of larval predation stress on mosquito populations and on individual life-history traits, which strongly suggest some carry-over effect of the impact of larval predation on vectorial capacity. The last part addresses the impact of human activities on larval predation. Concluding remarks highlight gaps in the knowledge of anopheline bio-ecology which may constitute avenues for researchers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Roux
- MIVEGEC Unit, IRD-CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,Institut de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Vincent Robert
- MIVEGEC Unit, IRD-CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Liu JF, Zhang ZQ, Beggs JR. Tri-partite complexity: odour from a psyllid's mutualist ant increased predation by a predatory mite on the psyllid. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1317-1327. [PMID: 30353644 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predator-prey interactions consist of direct consumption of prey by predators and indirect non-consumptive effects on prey. Predator cues can induce predation stress in prey that negatively influences the survival, development, reproduction, and feeding behaviour of the prey. This study evaluated the effects of hemipteran-tending ant (Technomyrmex albipes) odour on the development, survival, reproduction, and predation rates of the predatory mite Amblydromalus limonicus when feeding on an invasive pest of solanaceous crops, Bactericera cockerelli. The age-stage, two-sex life table theory was used to compare the demographic characteristics and predation rates of A. limonicus in the presence and absence of ant odour. RESULTS We show that exposure to ant odour did not alter the development, survival rate, and fecundity of A. limonicus, but induced a sexually dimorphic response in its longevity; consumption rates also showed that dimorphic response-predation rates increased in female A. limonicus, but not in males. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating increased consumption rates by natural enemies exposed to odour from a mutualist of pest (ant). This finding may provide new insights into understanding tri-partite interaction involving a pest, its predator, and a mutulist of the pest. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Liu
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline R Beggs
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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38
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Ameri M, Kemp DJ, Barry KL, Herberstein ME. Predatory chemical cues decrease attack time and increase metabolic rate in an orb-web spider. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.212738. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.212738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Animals are able to assess the risk of predation and respond accordingly via behavioural and physiological changes. Web-building spiders are in the unique situation where they reside in the middle of their web and are therefore relatively exposed to predators. Thus, these spiders might moderate either their web-building behaviour or their behaviour on the web when exposed to the threat of predation. In this study, we experimentally explored how predatory chemical cues influence foraging behaviour and metabolic rate in female of the orb-web spider, Argiope keyserlingi. We found that female spiders restricted their foraging time budget when exposed to the predatory cues from a praying mantid: they responded 11 percent and 17 percent quicker to a vibratory stimulus compare to control and non-predator cues, respectively, and spent less time handling the prey. Moreover, spiders were less likely to rebuild the web under predatory cues. Female A. keyserlingi exposed to the praying mantid cue significantly elevated their metabolic rate compared to the control group. Our findings revealed short-term modifications over two weeks of the trials in foraging behaviour and physiology of female spiders in response to predator cues. This study suggests that under predator cues the spiders move quicker and this could be facilitated by elevation in metabolic rate. Reduced foraging activity and less frequent web repair/rebuilding would also reduce the spiders’ exposure to praying mantid predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ameri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Darrell J. Kemp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Katherine L. Barry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Marie E. Herberstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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de Oliveira Mendes B, Mesak C, Calixto JED, Malafaia G. Mice exposure to haloxyfop-p-methyl ester at predicted environmentally relevant concentrations leads to anti-predatory response deficit. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:31762-31770. [PMID: 30242651 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the efficiency of haloxyfop-p-methyl ester (HPME) as selective herbicide is acknowledged, its impact on non-target organisms is poorly known. It is not known whether the short exposure of mammals to low HPME concentrations (consistent with a realistic contamination scenario) poses risks to these animals. Thus, the aim of the current study is to evaluate the effects of HPME on the anti-predatory behavior of female Swiss mice exposed to it. The animals were divided in groups: non-exposed (control) and exposed (route: i.p., for 2 days) to different herbicide concentrations (2.7 × 10-4 g/kg and 2.7 × 10-2 g/kg of body weight), which were considered environmentally relevant predicted concentrations. The animals were subjected to the open field and elevated plus-maze tests; results showed that the HPME did not lead to anxiolytic or anxiety behavior, or to locomotive changes in the tested animals, fact that was confirmed through the Basso Mouse Scale for locomotion scores. On the other hand, animals exposed to the herbicide were incapable of recognizing the snake as potential predator. Animals in the control group, exposed to a real snake (Pantherophis guttatus) remained longer in the safety zone of the test device, presented lower frequency of self-grooming behaviors for a shorter period-of-time, besides showing longer freezing time, which was not observed in animals exposed to HPME. Therefore, our study indicates the ecotoxicological potential of the herbicide, since anti-predatory behavior disorders may affect preys' responses and population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Oliveira Mendes
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Instituto Federal Goiano -Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carlos Mesak
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Instituto Federal Goiano -Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Dias Calixto
- Post-Graduation Program in Forest Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Instituto Federal Goiano -Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, Goiás, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano -Campus Urutaí, Rodoroute Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2.5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, Goiás, 75790-000, Brazil.
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Morosinotto C, Rainio M, Ruuskanen S, Korpimäki E. Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Vary with Predation Risk and Environmental Conditions in Free-Living Passerine Birds. Physiol Biochem Zool 2018; 91:837-848. [PMID: 29494281 DOI: 10.1086/697087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged physiological stress response may lead to an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ultimately to oxidative stress and severe fitness costs. We investigated whether natural variation in predation risk, induced by pygmy owls (Glaucidium passerinum), modifies the oxidative status of two free-living food-supplemented passerine bird species-the great tit (Parus major) and the willow tit (Poecile montanus)-in March 2012 and 2013. Predation risk significantly affected antioxidant enzyme activities of willow tits. Antioxidant enzyme activities (principal component factor 2 [PC2] representing glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activities) were higher in high predation risk areas in 2013 than in low predation risk areas in the same year. Higher enzyme activities may suggest higher ROS production in birds living under high predation risk. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activities (PC2) were also higher in high predation risk areas in 2013 than in high predation risk areas in the previous year, 2012. This may represent variation in the risk represented by pygmy owls, which is probably inversely related to the natural fluctuations in the densities of their main prey, voles. In willow tits, PC1 (representing catalase, total glutathione, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, and protein carbonylation) was not affected by perceived predation risk, nor were antioxidant levels or enzyme activities in great tits. Higher enzyme activities observed in willow tits suggest that predator presence can modify the antioxidant status of avian prey, but the response also seem to be influenced by other environmental characteristics, like harsh winter conditions.
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Golubev A, Hanson AD, Gladyshev VN. A Tale of Two Concepts: Harmonizing the Free Radical and Antagonistic Pleiotropy Theories of Aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1003-1017. [PMID: 28874059 PMCID: PMC6104246 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The two foremost concepts of aging are the mechanistic free radical theory (FRT) of how we age and the evolutionary antagonistic pleiotropy theory (APT) of why we age. Both date from the late 1950s. The FRT holds that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the principal contributors to the lifelong cumulative damage suffered by cells, whereas the APT is generally understood as positing that genes that are good for young organisms can take over a population even if they are bad for the old organisms. Recent Advances: Here, we provide a common ground for the two theories by showing how aging can result from the inherent chemical reactivity of many biomolecules, not just ROS, which imposes a fundamental constraint on biological evolution. Chemically reactive metabolites spontaneously modify slowly renewable macromolecules in a continuous way over time; the resulting buildup of damage wrought by the genes coding for enzymes that generate such small molecules eventually masquerades as late-acting pleiotropic effects. In aerobic organisms, ROS are major agents of this damage but they are far from alone. CRITICAL ISSUES Being related to two sides of the same phenomenon, these theories should be compatible. However, the interface between them is obscured by the FRT mistaking a subset of damaging processes for the whole, and the APT mistaking a cumulative quantitative process for a qualitative switch. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The manifestations of ROS-mediated cumulative chemical damage at the population level may include the often-observed negative correlation between fitness and the rate of its decline with increasing age, further linking FRT and APT. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 1003-1017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Golubev
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrew D. Hanson
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow Russia
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Jermacz Ł, Kobak J. The Braveheart amphipod: a review of responses of invasive Dikerogammarus villosus to predation signals. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5311. [PMID: 30083455 PMCID: PMC6076984 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Predator pressure is a fundamental force driving changes at all levels of the community structure. It may protect native ecosystems from alien species. Therefore, resistance to diverse predators resulting from a universal anti-predator strategy seems crucial for invasion success. We present a comprehensive review of the responses of an invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus to sympatric and allopatric predator signals. We summarize diverse aspects of the gammarid anti-predator strategy, including predator identification, morphological and behavioural adaptations, effectiveness of shelter use and resistance to indirect predator effects. The response of D. villosus is independent of predator species (including totally allopatric taxa), which assures the high flexibility of its predator recognition system. It has a harder exoskeleton and better capability of utilizing shelters compared to other gammarids, resulting in relatively high resistance to predators. Therefore, it can use predator kairomones as indirect food signals (sharing the diet with the predator) and follow the predator scent. This resistance may allow D. villosus to reduce the costs of its physiological responses to predators and sustain growth in their presence. This might facilitate invasion success by increasing its competitive advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jermacz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobak
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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Brans KI, Stoks R, De Meester L. Urbanization drives genetic differentiation in physiology and structures the evolution of pace-of-life syndromes in the water flea Daphnia magna. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.0169. [PMID: 30051844 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural and human-induced stressors elicit changes in energy metabolism and stress physiology in populations of a wide array of species. Cities are stressful environments that may lead to differential selection on stress-coping mechanisms. Given that city ponds are exposed to the urban heat island effect and receive polluted run-off, organisms inhabiting these ecosystems might show genetic differentiation for physiological traits enabling them to better cope with higher overall stress levels. A common garden study with 62 Daphnia magna genotypes from replicated urban and rural populations revealed that urban Daphnia have significantly higher concentrations of total body fat, proteins and sugars. Baseline activity levels of the antioxidant defence enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were higher in rural compared with city populations, yet urban animals were equally well protected against lipid peroxidation. Our results add to the recent evidence of urbanization-driven changes in stress physiology and energy metabolism in terrestrial organisms. Combining our results with data on urban life history evolution in Daphnia revealed that urban genotypes show a structured pace-of-life syndrome involving both life-history and physiological traits, whereas this is absent in rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien I Brans
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Martínez‐Lendech N, Golab MJ, Osorio‐Beristain M, Contreras‐Garduño J. Sexual signals reveal males’ oxidative stress defences: Testing this hypothesis in an invertebrate. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Martínez‐Lendech
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca Mexico
| | - Maria J. Golab
- Institute of Nature ConservationPolish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Marcela Osorio‐Beristain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca Mexico
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Adamo S, McKee R. Differential effects of predator cues versus activation of fight-or-flight behaviour on reproduction in the cricket Gryllus texensis. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gunderson AR, King EE, Boyer K, Tsukimura B, Stillman JH. Species as Stressors: Heterospecific Interactions and the Cellular Stress Response under Global Change. Integr Comp Biol 2017; 57:90-102. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Janssens L, Stoks R. Chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative damage is reduced under warming and predation risk: Explaining antagonistic interactions with a pesticide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 226:79-88. [PMID: 28411497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Interactions with pollutants and environmental factors are poorly studied for physiological traits. Yet physiological traits are important for explaining and predicting interactions at higher levels of organization. We investigated the single and combined impact of the pesticide chlorpyrifos, predation risk and warming on endpoints related to oxidative stress in the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum. We thereby integrated information on reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage. All three treatments impacted the oxidative stress levels and for most traits the pesticide interacted antagonistically with warming or predation risk. Chlorpyrifos exposure resulted in increased ROS levels, decreased antioxidant defence and increased oxidative damage compared to the control situation. Under warming, the pesticide-induced increase in oxidative stress was less strong and the investment in antioxidant defence higher. Although both the pesticide and predation risk increased oxidative damage, the effects of the pesticide on oxidative damage were less strong in the presence of predator cues (at 20 °C). Despite the weaker pesticide-induced effects under predation risk, the combination of the pesticide and predator cues consistently caused the highest ROS levels, the lowest antioxidant defence and the highest oxidative damage, indicating the importance of cumulative stressor effects for impairing fitness. Our results provide the first evidence for antagonistic interactions of warming and predation risk with a pollutant for physiological traits. We identified two general mechanisms that may generate antagonistic interactions for oxidative stress: cross-tolerance and the maximum cumulative levels of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Janssens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Are males more scared of predators? Differential change in metabolic rate between males and females under predation risk. Physiol Behav 2017; 173:110-115. [PMID: 28167146 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The non-consumptive effects of predation contribute to reduce preys' fitness. In this way, predation imposes a cost to animals, not only through direct consumption, but also as an energetic cost. One way used to estimate this cost in the past has been to measure the production of CO2 to estimate the change in metabolic rate because of predation. It has been proposed that this change is mediated by the insect stress neurohormone octopamine. Here we study the change in metabolic rate of the black field cricket (Teleogryllus commodus), and how the production of CO2 varies when a chemical cue from a sympatric predator is added. We hypothesised that after the addition of a predatory cue, the metabolic rate will increase. Moreover, since the pressure of predation is stronger on females, we propose that females will have a greater increase in the CO2 produce as consequence of the added cues from the predator. Our results confirmed our first hypothesis, showing an almost two-fold increase in CO2 when the predatory cue was added. However, males were the ones that showed a greater increase, in opposition to our second hypothesis. We put these results in the context of the escape theory and, in particular, the "landscape of fear" hypothesis. Also, because the timing between the increase of metabolic rate we measure here and the release of octopamine reported in previous studies do not match, we reject the idea that octopamine causes the increase in metabolism.
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Hermann SL, Landis DA. Scaling up our understanding of non-consumptive effects in insect systems. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 20:54-60. [PMID: 28602236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators on prey is an important topic in insect ecology with potential applications for pest management. NCEs are changes in prey behavior and physiology that aid in predation avoidance. While NCEs can have positive outcomes for prey survival there may also be negative consequences including increased stress and reduced growth. These effects can cascade through trophic systems influencing ecosystem function. Most NCEs have been studied at small spatial and temporal scales. However, recent studies show promise for the potential to manipulate NCEs for pest management. We suggest the next frontier for NCE studies includes manipulating the landscape of fear to improve pest control, which requires scaling-up to field and landscape levels, over ecologically relevant time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Hermann
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, United States; Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, United States.
| | - Douglas A Landis
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, United States; Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, United States
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