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Sankova N, Shalaev P, Semeykina V, Dolgushin S, Odintsova E, Parkhomchuk E. Spectrally encoded microspheres for immunofluorescence analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Sankova
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Group of template synthesis Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Pavel Shalaev
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Translational Biomedicine Laboratory Moscow Russian Federation
- Aivok LLC Moscow Russian Federation
- National Research University of Electronic Technology, Institute of Biomedical Systems Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Viktoriya Semeykina
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Group of template synthesis Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Dolgushin
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Translational Biomedicine Laboratory Moscow Russian Federation
- Aivok LLC Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Elena Odintsova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Parkhomchuk
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Group of template synthesis Novosibirsk Russian Federation
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Petzold A, Lu CH, Groves M, Gobom J, Zetterberg H, Shaw G, O'Connor S. Protein aggregate formation permits millennium-old brain preservation. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190775. [PMID: 31910770 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human proteins have not been reported to survive in free nature, at ambient temperature, for long periods. Particularly, the human brain rapidly dissolves after death due to auto-proteolysis and putrefaction. The here presented discovery of 2600-year-old brain proteins from a radiocarbon dated human brain provides new evidence for extraordinary long-term stability of non-amyloid protein aggregates. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the preservation of neurocytoarchitecture in the ancient brain, which appeared shrunken and compact compared to a modern brain. Resolution of intermediate filaments (IFs) from protein aggregates took 2-12 months. Immunoassays on micro-dissected brain tissue homogenates revealed the preservation of the known protein topography for grey and white matter for type III (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) and IV (neurofilaments, Nfs) IFs. Mass spectrometry data could be matched to a number of peptide sequences, notably for GFAP and Nfs. Preserved immunogenicity of the prehistoric human brain proteins was demonstrated by antibody generation (GFAP, Nfs, myelin basic protein). Unlike brain proteins, DNA was of poor quality preventing reliable sequencing. These long-term data from a unique ancient human brain demonstrate that aggregate formation permits for the preservation of brain proteins for millennia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Petzold
- Department of Neuroinflammation and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, UCLH, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK.,Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ching-Hua Lu
- Neurology, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Mike Groves
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg and Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg and Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Gerry Shaw
- EnCor Biotechnology Inc., 4949 SW 41st Boulevard, Ste 40., Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Sonia O'Connor
- Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK
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3
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Chang N, Zhai J, Liu B, Zhou J, Zeng Z, Zhao X. Low cost 3D microfluidic chips for multiplex protein detection based on photonic crystal beads. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3638-3644. [PMID: 30357200 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00784e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) devices used in multiplex bioassays are in great demand for clinical, environmental and biomedical applications. Photonic crystal beads (PCBs), as structural color self-coding carriers, can be integrated with microfluidic chips to realize convenient and highly sensitive biomarker detection. Here we developed a three dimensional (3D) microfluidic chip based on PCBs, which is low cost and easy to manufacture for mass production and application. The chip was fabricated with polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate sheets, a Ni square mesh grid and transparent double-sided tape. In practice, the target molecules could be captured by PCBs immobilized with probes in a flow-through manner. It was found that the as-proposed chip needed less washing and its background was effectively reduced in comparison with a flow-over chip. Besides, the limit of detection (LOD) of anti-human alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was calculated to be 18.92 ng mL-1, which could meet the need of clinical detection of AFP. Furthermore, the chip demonstrated the feasibility of simultaneous detection of human immunoglobulin G, carcinoembryonic antigen and AFP, which suggests that it has a broad application prospect in multiplex bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Southeast University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jingyan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Southeast University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Southeast University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jiping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Southeast University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zhaoyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Southeast University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Southeast University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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4
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Tsougeni K, Ellinas K, Koukouvinos G, Petrou PS, Tserepi A, Kakabakos SE, Gogolides E. Three-dimensional (3D) plasma micro-nanotextured slides for high performance biomolecule microarrays: Comparison with epoxy-silane coated glass slides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 165:270-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Leferink AM, Reis DS, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L. An antibody based approach for multi-coloring osteogenic and chondrogenic proteins in tissue engineered constructs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29516869 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aab51e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
When tissue engineering strategies rely on the combination of three-dimensional (3D) polymeric or ceramic scaffolds with cells to culture implantable tissue constructs in vitro, it is desirable to monitor tissue growth and cell fate to be able to more rationally predict the quality and success of the construct upon implantation. Such a 3D construct is often referred to as a 'black-box' since the properties of the scaffolds material limit the applicability of most imaging modalities to assess important construct parameters. These parameters include the number of cells, the amount and type of tissue formed and the distribution of cells and tissue throughout the construct. Immunolabeling enables the spatial and temporal identification of multiple tissue types within one scaffold without the need to sacrifice the construct. In this report, we concisely review the applicability of antibodies (Abs) and their conjugation chemistries in tissue engineered constructs. With some preliminary experiments, we show an efficient conjugation strategy to couple extracellular matrix Abs to fluorophores. The conjugated probes proved to be effective in determining the presence of collagen type I and type II on electrospun and additive manufactured 3D scaffolds seeded with adult human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells. The conjugation chemistry applied in our proof of concept study is expected to be applicable in the coupling of any other fluorophore or particle to the Abs. This could ultimately lead to a library of probes to permit high-contrast imaging by several imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Leferink
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA institute, University of Twente, The Netherlands. BIOS-Lab on a chip group, MIRA institute, University of Twente, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Chen Q, Liu J, Yang X, Guo Q, Li L, Liu W, Wang K. Design of a Modular DNA Triangular-Prism Sensor Enabling Ratiometric and Multiplexed Biomolecule Detection on a Single Microbead. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3590-3596. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering
of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoshu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering
of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering
of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering
of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering
of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering
of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering
of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering
of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Emerging Cytokine Biosensors with Optical Detection Modalities and Nanomaterial-Enabled Signal Enhancement. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17020428. [PMID: 28241443 PMCID: PMC5335944 DOI: 10.3390/s17020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein biomarkers, especially cytokines, play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Therefore, a critical need for advanced cytokine sensors has been rapidly growing and will continue to expand to promote clinical testing, new biomarker development, and disease studies. In particular, sensors employing transduction principles of various optical modalities have emerged as the most common means of detection. In typical cytokine assays which are based on the binding affinities between the analytes of cytokines and their specific antibodies, optical schemes represent the most widely used mechanisms, with some serving as the gold standard against which all existing and new sensors are benchmarked. With recent advancements in nanoscience and nanotechnology, many of the recently emerging technologies for cytokine detection exploit various forms of nanomaterials for improved sensing capabilities. Nanomaterials have been demonstrated to exhibit exceptional optical properties unique to their reduced dimensionality. Novel sensing approaches based on the newly identified properties of nanomaterials have shown drastically improved performances in both the qualitative and quantitative analyses of cytokines. This article brings together the fundamentals in the literature that are central to different optical modalities developed for cytokine detection. Recent advancements in the applications of novel technologies are also discussed in terms of those that enable highly sensitive and multiplexed cytokine quantification spanning a wide dynamic range. For each highlighted optical technique, its current detection capabilities as well as associated challenges are discussed. Lastly, an outlook for nanomaterial-based cytokine sensors is provided from the perspective of optimizing the technologies for sensitivity and multiplexity as well as promoting widespread adaptations of the emerging optical techniques by lowering high thresholds currently present in the new approaches.
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8
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Alkaline phosphatase-fused repebody as a new format of immuno-reagent for an immunoassay. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 950:184-191. [PMID: 27916124 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunoassays based on an antibody-antigen interaction are widely used in biological and medical sciences. However, the conjugation of an enzyme to antibodies needs an additional chemical process, usually resulting in randomly cross-linked molecules and a loss of the binding affinity and enzyme activity. Herein, we present the development of an alkaline phosphatase-fused repebody as a new format of immuno-reagent for immunoassays. A repebody specifically binding to human TNF-α (hTNF-α) was selected through a phage display, and its binding affinity was increased up to 49 nM using a modular engineering approach. A monomeric alkaline phosphatase (mAP), which was previously isolated from a metagenome library, was genetically fused to the repebody as a signal generator, and the resulting repebody-mAP fusion protein was used for direct and sandwich immunoassays of hTNF-α. We demonstrate the utility and potential of the repebody-mAP fusion protein as an immuno-reagent by showing the sensitivity of 216 pg mL-1 for hTNF-α in a sandwich immunoassay. Furthermore, this repebody-mAP fusion protein enabled the detection of hTNF-α spiked in a serum-supplemented medium with high accuracy and reproducibility. It is thus expected that a mAP-fused repebody can be broadly used as an immuno-reagent in immunoassays.
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9
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Liu L, Wu S, Jing F, Zhou H, Jia C, Li G, Cong H, Jin Q, Zhao J. Bead-based microarray immunoassay for lung cancer biomarkers using quantum dots as labels. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:300-306. [PMID: 26852198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a multiplex immunoassay system that combines the suspension and planar microarray formats within a single layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using soft lithography technology. The suspension format was based on the target proteins forming a sandwich structure between the magnetic beads and the quantum dot (QD) probes through specific antibody-antigen interactions. The planar microarray format was produced by fabricating an array of micro-wells in PDMS. Each micro-well was designed to trap a single microbead and eventually generated a microbead array within the PDMS chamber. The resultant bead-based on-chip assay could be used for simultaneously detecting three lung cancer biomarkers-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), fragments of cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA21-1) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-in 10 μl of human serum, with a wide linear dynamic range (1.03-111 ng/mL for CEA and CYFRA21-1; 9.26-1000 ng/ml for NSE) and a low detection limit (CEA: 0.19 ng/ml; CYFRA21-1: 0.97 ng/ml; NSE: 0.37 ng/ml; S/N=3). Our micro-well chip does not require complex e-beam lithography or the reactive ion etching process as with existing micro-well systems, which rely on expensive focused ion beam (FIB) milling or optical fiber bundles. Furthermore, the current approach is easy to operate without extra driving equipment such as pumps, and can make parallel detection for multiplexing with rapid binding kinetics, small reagent consumption and low cost. This work has demonstrated the importance of the successful application of on-chip multiplexing sandwich assays for the detection of biomarker proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Simin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Fengxiang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Chunping Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China.
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Tumor Chemotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Qinghui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
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Arshad E, Anas A, Asok A, Jasmin C, Pai SS, Bright Singh IS, Mohandas A, Biju V. Fluorescence detection of the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio harveyi in solution and animal cells using semiconductor quantum dots. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24161h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible binding of luminescent quantum dots to microbial cell surface enables easy detection of pathogens and validation of microbial infection pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Arshad
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 016
- India
| | - Abdulaziz Anas
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)
- Regional Centre Cochin
- Kochi 682 018
- India
| | - Aparna Asok
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 016
- India
| | - C. Jasmin
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)
- Regional Centre Cochin
- Kochi 682 018
- India
| | - Somnath S. Pai
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology
- Amity University
- Noida
- India
| | - I. S. Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 016
- India
| | - A. Mohandas
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 016
- India
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Stenken JA, Poschenrieder AJ. Bioanalytical chemistry of cytokines--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:95-115. [PMID: 25467452 PMCID: PMC4717841 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are bioactive proteins produced by many different cells of the immune system. Due to their role in different inflammatory disease states and maintaining homeostasis, there is enormous clinical interest in the quantitation of cytokines. The typical standard methods for quantitation of cytokines are immunoassay-based techniques including enzyme-linked immusorbent assays (ELISA) and bead-based immunoassays read by either standard or modified flow cytometers. A review of recent developments in analytical methods for measurements of cytokine proteins is provided. This review briefly covers cytokine biology and the analysis challenges associated with measurement of these biomarker proteins for understanding both health and disease. New techniques applied to immunoassay-based assays are presented along with the uses of aptamers, electrochemistry, mass spectrometry, optical resonator-based methods. Methods used for elucidating the release of cytokines from single cells as well as in vivo collection methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Stenken
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Andreas J Poschenrieder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meißner-Street 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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12
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Gel pad array chip for high throughput and multi-analyte microbead-based immunoassays. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 66:370-8. [PMID: 25463645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We present here a gel pad array chip for high-throughput and multi-analyte microbead-based immunoassays. The chip is fabricated by photo-patterning of two polymeric gels, polyacrylamide gel and polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel, on a glass slide. The resulting chip consists of 40 polyacrylamide gel pad array units for the immobilization of microbeads and each gel pad array is surrounded with a PEG micropillar ring to confine the samples within the microarray. As a proof of concept, this chip was tested for quantitative immunoassays for two model cancer markers, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and prostate specific antigen (PSA), in serum samples. Detection limits below the physiological threshold level for cancer diagnosis were achieved with good inter- and intra-chip reproducibility. Moreover, by using spatial encoded microbeads, simultaneous detection of both hCG and PSA on each gel pad array is achieved with single filter fluorescence imaging. This gel pad array chip is easy to use, easy to fabricate with low cost materials and minimal equipment and reusable. It could be a useful tool for common biolabs to customize their own microbead array for multi-analyte immunoassays.
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Simon AB, Frampton JP, Huang NT, Kurabayashi K, Paczesny S, Takayama S. Aqueous two-phase systems enable multiplexing of homogeneous immunoassays. TECHNOLOGY 2014; 2:176. [PMID: 25083509 PMCID: PMC4114222 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547814500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative measurement of protein biomarkers is critical for biomarker validation and early disease detection. Current multiplex immunoassays are time consuming costly and can suffer from low accuracy. For example, multiplex ELISAs require multiple, tedious, washing and blocking steps. Moreover, they suffer from nonspecific antibody cross-reactions, leading to high background and false-positive signals. Here, we show that co-localizing antibody-bead pairs in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) enables multiplexing of sensitive, no-wash, homogeneous assays, while preventing nonspecific antibody cross-reactions. Our cross-reaction-free, multiplex assay can simultaneously detect picomolar concentrations of four protein biomarkers ((C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), CXCL9, interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6) in cell supernatants using a single assay well. The potential clinical utility of the assay is demonstrated by detecting diagnostic biomarkers (CXCL10 and CXCL9) in plasma from 88 patients at the onset of the clinical symptoms of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
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14
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Rödiger S, Liebsch C, Schmidt C, Lehmann W, Resch-Genger U, Schedler U, Schierack P. Nucleic acid detection based on the use of microbeads: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Shen S, Loo RRO, Wanner IB, Loo JA. Addressing the needs of traumatic brain injury with clinical proteomics. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:11. [PMID: 24678615 PMCID: PMC3976360 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotrauma or injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) are a serious public health problem worldwide. Approximately 75% of all traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are concussions or other mild TBI (mTBI) forms. Evaluation of concussion injury today is limited to an assessment of behavioral symptoms, often with delay and subject to motivation. Hence, there is an urgent need for an accurate chemical measure in biofluids to serve as a diagnostic tool for invisible brain wounds, to monitor severe patient trajectories, and to predict survival chances. Although a number of neurotrauma marker candidates have been reported, the broad spectrum of TBI limits the significance of small cohort studies. Specificity and sensitivity issues compound the development of a conclusive diagnostic assay, especially for concussion patients. Thus, the neurotrauma field currently has no diagnostic biofluid test in clinical use. Content We discuss the challenges of discovering new and validating identified neurotrauma marker candidates using proteomics-based strategies, including targeting, selection strategies and the application of mass spectrometry (MS) technologies and their potential impact to the neurotrauma field. Summary Many studies use TBI marker candidates based on literature reports, yet progress in genomics and proteomics have started to provide neurotrauma protein profiles. Choosing meaningful marker candidates from such ‘long lists’ is still pending, as only few can be taken through the process of preclinical verification and large scale translational validation. Quantitative mass spectrometry targeting specific molecules rather than random sampling of the whole proteome, e.g., multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), offers an efficient and effective means to multiplex the measurement of several candidates in patient samples, thereby omitting the need for antibodies prior to clinical assay design. Sample preparation challenges specific to TBI are addressed. A tailored selection strategy combined with a multiplex screening approach is helping to arrive at diagnostically suitable candidates for clinical assay development. A surrogate marker test will be instrumental for critical decisions of TBI patient care and protection of concussion victims from repeated exposures that could result in lasting neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Abstract
Antibody-based tests are the primary technology used for clinical measurement of cardiac biomarkers in peripheral circulation. This article focuses on the principles of immunometric methods that have been applied to cardiac biomarkers of widespread clinical utility (CKMB, Troponins, and B-type natriuretic proteins) and of more recent clinical testing (ST2, Galectin-2, and myosin binding protein C). How these principles are applied in the design of immunometric assays and how they influence assay performance in quantifying cardiac biomarkers in biologic fluids (serum or plasma) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Sluss
- Pathology Service, Clinical Pathology Core Laboratories (Special Chemistry), Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, GRB554, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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17
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Zhang X, Soori G, Dobleman TJ, Xiao GG. The application of monoclonal antibodies in cancer diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013; 14:97-106. [PMID: 24308340 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.866039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer becomes the second leading cause of death in the world. An effective strategy for early diagnosis of the disease is key to reduce the mortality and morbidity. Development of effective monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based assays or diagnostic imaging techniques for detection of antigens and small molecules that are released from cancerous cells will enhance modern diagnostic medicine of cancer significantly. Although mAb technology is still under development, recent advances in preparation of recombinant antigen and antibody engineering techniques have dramatically enhanced the applications of this technology in cancer diagnosis. Compared with other methods, mAb-based assays may provide spatial, temporal, accurate and quantitative measurement for diagnosis of the disease. This review summarizes the progress of the mAb-based assays in the field of molecular diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- The Medical College of Dalian University, Dalian Economic & Technical Development Zone, Dalian 116622, People's Republic of China, China
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18
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Sahab ZJ, Kirilyuk A, Zhang L, Khamis ZI, Pompach P, Sung Y, Byers SW. Analysis of tubulin alpha-1A/1B C-terminal tail post-translational poly-glutamylation reveals novel modification sites. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:1913-23. [PMID: 22296162 PMCID: PMC3292626 DOI: 10.1021/pr2011044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin-α(1A/1B) C-terminal tail (CTT) has seven glutamic acid residues among the last 11 amino acids of its sequence that are potential sites for glutamylation. Cleavage of C-terminal tyrosine resulting in the detyrosinated form of tubulin-α(1A/1B) is another major modification. These modifications among others bring about highly heterogeneous tubulin samples in brain cells and microtubules, play a major role in directing intracellular trafficking, microtubule dynamics, and mitotic events, and can vary depending on the cell and disease state, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Identified previously using primary mass spectrometry (MS) ions and partial Edman sequencing, tubulin-α(1A/1B) glutamylation was found exclusively on the E(445) residue. We here describe the analysis of tubulin-α(1A/1B) glutamylation and detyrosination after 2-DE separation, trypsin and proteinase K in-gel digestion, and nanoUPLC-ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS of mouse brain and bovine microtubules. Tyrosinated, detyrosinated, and Δ2-tubulin-α(1A/1B) CTTs were identified on the basis of a comparison of fragmentation patterns and retention times between endogenous and synthetic peptides. Stringent acceptance criteria were adapted for the identification of novel glutamylation sites. In addition to the previously identified site at E(445), glutamylation on mouse and bovine tubulin-α(1A/1B) CTTs was identified on E(441) and E(443) with MASCOT Expect values below 0.01. O-Methylation of glutamates was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad J Sahab
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington, DC 20007, United States.
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