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Bacon SJ, Zhu Y, Ghosh P. Early spiral arteriole remodeling in the uterine-placental interface: A rat model. J Anat 2024; 244:1054-1066. [PMID: 38288680 PMCID: PMC11095304 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian placenta's interface with the parent is a richly vascularized tissue whose development relies upon communication between many different cell types within the uterine microenvironment. The uterine blood vessels of the interface are reshaped during pregnancy into wide-bore, flaccid vessels that convey parental blood to the exchange region of the placenta. Invasive trophoblast as well as parental uterine macrophages and Natural Killer cells are involved in the stepwise remodeling of these vessels and their respective contributions to this crucial process are still being delineated. However, the earliest steps in arteriole remodeling are understudied as they are difficult to study in humans, and other species lack the deep trophoblast invasion that is so prominent a feature of placentation in humans. Here, we further characterize the rat, with deep hemochorial placentation akin to humans, as a model system in which to tease apart the earliest, relatively understudied events in spiral arteriole remodeling. We show that the rat uterine-placental interface increases in size and vascularity rapidly, before trophoblast invasion. The remodeling stages in the arterioles of the rat uterine-placental interface follow a sequence of anatomical changes similar to those in humans, and there are changes to the arterioles' muscular tunica media prior to the marked influx of immune cells. The rat is a tractable model in which to better understand the cell/cell interactions occurring in vivo in an intact tissue microenvironment over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Bacon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuxi Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priyanjali Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
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Shukla V, Soares MJ. Modeling Trophoblast Cell-Guided Uterine Spiral Artery Transformation in the Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062947. [PMID: 35328368 PMCID: PMC8950824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat possesses hemochorial placentation with deep intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion and trophoblast-guided uterine spiral artery remodeling, which resembles human placentation. Uterine spiral arteries are extensively remodeled to deliver sufficient supply of maternal blood and nutrients to the developing fetus. Inadequacies in these key processes negatively impact fetal growth and development. Recent innovations in genome editing combined with effective phenotyping strategies have provided new insights into placental development. Application of these research approaches has highlighted both conserved and species-specific features of hemochorial placentation. The review provides foundational information on rat hemochorial placental development and function during physiological and pathological states, especially as related to the invasive trophoblast cell-guided transformation of uterine spiral arteries. Our goal is to showcase the utility of the rat as a model for in vivo mechanistic investigations targeting regulatory events within the uterine-placental interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Shukla
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Michael J. Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Center for Perinatal Research, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (M.J.S.)
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3
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Roberts C, McWade B. Messengers of stress: Towards a cortisol sociology. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2021; 43:895-909. [PMID: 34056738 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2008, Timmermans and Haas called for a 'sociology of disease' to develop and challenge the sociology of health and illness. A sociology of disease, they argued, would take seriously the biological and physiological processes of disease in theorising health and illness. Building on two decades of Science and Technology Studies and feminist work on biological actors such as hormones and genes, we propose a 'cortisol sociology' to push further at this argument. As a 'messenger of stress', cortisol is key to understanding human and non-human health as a biosocial phenomenon. We argue that sociologists should engage with cortisol through critical yet open-minded reading of the relevant science and critical triangulation studies, and by tracking cortisol's movements from science into public worlds of biosensing and self-monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Roberts
- School of Sociology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Brigit McWade
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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4
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Böing M, Brand-Saberi B, Napirei M. Murine transcription factor Math6 is a regulator of placenta development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14997. [PMID: 30301918 PMCID: PMC6177472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The murine basic helix-loop-helix transcription (bHLH) factor mouse atonal homolog 6 (Math6) is expressed in numerous organs and supposed to be involved in several developmental processes. However, so far neither all aspects nor the molecular mechanisms of Math6 function have been explored exhaustively. To analyze the in vivo function of Math6 in detail, we generated a constitutive knockout (KO) mouse (Math6−/−) and performed an initial histological and molecular biological investigation of its main phenotype. Pregnant Math6−/− females suffer from a disturbed early placental development leading to the death of the majority of embryos independent of the embryonic Math6 genotype. A few placentas and fetuses survive the severe uterine hemorrhagic events at late mid-gestation (E13.5) and subsequently develop regularly. However, these fetuses could not be born due to obstructions within the gravid uterus, which hinder the birth process. Characterization of the endogenous spatiotemporal Math6 expression during placenta development reveals that Math6 is essential for an ordered decidualization and an important regulator of the maternal-fetal endocrine crosstalk regulating endometrial trophoblast invasion and differentiation. The strongly disturbed vascularization observed in the maternal placenta appears as an additional consequence of the altered endocrine status and as the main cause for the general hemorrhagic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Böing
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Markus Napirei
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Bochum, Germany
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5
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Deussing JM, Chen A. The Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Family: Physiology of the Stress Response. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2225-2286. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the presence of real or perceived challenges. In this function, the brain activates adaptive responses that involve numerous neural circuits and effector molecules to adapt to the current and future demands. A maladaptive stress response has been linked to the etiology of a variety of disorders, such as anxiety and mood disorders, eating disorders, and the metabolic syndrome. The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and its relatives, the urocortins 1–3, in concert with their receptors (CRFR1, CRFR2), have emerged as central components of the physiological stress response. This central peptidergic system impinges on a broad spectrum of physiological processes that are the basis for successful adaptation and concomitantly integrate autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral stress responses. This review focuses on the physiology of CRF-related peptides and their cognate receptors with the aim of providing a comprehensive up-to-date overview of the field. We describe the major molecular features covering aspects of gene expression and regulation, structural properties, and molecular interactions, as well as mechanisms of signal transduction and their surveillance. In addition, we discuss the large body of published experimental studies focusing on state-of-the-art genetic approaches with high temporal and spatial precision, which collectively aimed to dissect the contribution of CRF-related ligands and receptors to different levels of the stress response. We discuss the controversies in the field and unravel knowledge gaps that might pave the way for future research directions and open up novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Deussing
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; and Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; and Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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6
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Nukazawa S, Yoshimi H, Sato S. Autonomic nervous activities associated with bruxism events during sleep. Cranio 2017; 36:106-112. [PMID: 28183231 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2017.1287232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To confirm the relationship between sleep bruxism (SB) and autonomic nervous (AN) activities to elucidate SB physiology. METHODS Subjects included 11 healthy males (mean age, 24.7 ± 2.3 years). These data were recorded in the sleep laboratory using a system composed of a two-axis accelerometer, an infrared camera, electroencephalography, electromyography, and electrocardiography. Time lapse analysis confirmed correlations between AN activity and SB events during sleep in subjects. Relationships between SB strength and length and AN activity were evaluated. RESULTS Sympathetic nerve (SN) and parasympathetic nerve (PSN) activities occurred significantly in 93.3% of cases (p < 0.01), with similar predictable patterns during SB. Furthermore, SB length and SN activity in seven of the subjects (four subjects, p < 0.05; three subjects p < 0.01), and PSN and SB muscle activities (% maximum voluntary contraction) in five subjects (four subjects, p < 0.05; one subject, p < 0.01) were significantly correlated. DISCUSSION The authors believe that SB is closely related to SN as well as PSN activities and may control the AN system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nukazawa
- a Department of Craniofacial Growth and Development Dentistry , Kanagawa Dental University , Yokosuka , Japan
| | - Hidehiro Yoshimi
- b Research Institute of Occlusion Medicine , Kanagawa Dental University , Yokosuka , Japan
| | - Sadao Sato
- b Research Institute of Occlusion Medicine , Kanagawa Dental University , Yokosuka , Japan
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7
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de Kloet ER. Functional profile of the binary brain corticosteroid receptor system: mediating, multitasking, coordinating, integrating. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 719:53-62. [PMID: 23876452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This contribution is focused on the action of the naturally occurring corticosteroids, cortisol and corticosterone, which are secreted from the adrenals in hourly pulses and after stress with the goal to maintain resilience and health. To achieve this goal the action of the corticosteroids displays an impressive diversity, because it is cell-specific and context-dependent in coordinating the individual's response to changing environments. These diverse actions of corticosterone are mediated by mineralocorticoid- and glucocorticoid-receptors that operate as a binary system in concert with neurotransmitter and neuropeptide signals to activate and inhibit stress reactions, respectively. Classically MR and GR are gene transcription factors, but recently these receptors appear to mediate also rapid non-genomic actions on excitatory neurotransmission suggesting that they integrate functions over time. Hence the balance of receptor-mediated actions is crucial for homeostasis. This balanced function of mineralo- and glucocorticoid-receptors can be altered epigenetically by a history of traumatic (early) life events and the experience of repeated stressors as well as by predisposing genetic variants in signaling pathways of these receptors. One of these variants, mineralocorticoid receptor haplotype 2, is associated with dispositional optimism in appraisal of environmental challenges. Imbalance in receptor-mediated corticosterone actions was found to leave a genomic signature highlighting the role of master switches such as cAMP response element-binding protein and mammalian target of rapamycin to compromise health, and to promote vulnerability to disease. Diabetic encephalopathy is a pathology of imbalanced corticosterone action, which can be corrected in its pre-stage by a brief treatment with the antiglucocorticoid mifepristone.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R de Kloet
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research & Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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8
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Abstract
SynopsisThe form and structure of the uterus of the albino laboratory rat are described. Cyclical vascular changes are noted, and attention is drawn to the presence of spiral arteries in the endometrium. A common lower cervical canal is described.
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9
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Soares MJ, Chakraborty D, Karim Rumi MA, Konno T, Renaud SJ. Rat placentation: an experimental model for investigating the hemochorial maternal-fetal interface. Placenta 2012; 33:233-43. [PMID: 22284666 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The rat possesses hemochorial placentation with deep intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion and trophoblast-directed uterine spiral artery remodeling; features shared with human placentation. Recognition of these similarities spurred the establishment of in vitro and in vivo research methods using the rat as an animal model to address mechanistic questions regarding development of the hemochorial placenta. The purpose of this review is to provide the requisite background to help move the rat to the forefront in placentation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Soares
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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McEWEN EOINH, SCOTT ALEXANDER. PIGMENTED AREAS IN THE UTERUS OF THE ARCTIC FOX ALOPEX LAGOPUS INNVITUS MERRIAM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1957.tb00328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Rosario GX, Konno T, Soares MJ. Maternal hypoxia activates endovascular trophoblast cell invasion. Dev Biol 2008; 314:362-75. [PMID: 18199431 PMCID: PMC2266816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 12/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is a critical regulator of placentation. Early placental development occurs in a predominantly low oxygen environment and is, at least partially, under the control of hypoxia signaling pathways. In the present study, in vivo hypobaric hypoxia was used as an experimental tool to delineate hypoxia-sensitive events during placentation. Pregnant rats were exposed to the equivalent of 11% oxygen between days 6.5 and 13.5 of gestation. Pair-fed pregnant animals exposed to ambient conditions were included as a control group. Uterine mesometrial blood vessels in the hypoxia-exposed animals were greatly expanded and some contained large cuboidal cells that were positive for cytokeratin and other markers characteristic of invasive trophoblast cells. Unlike later in gestation, the route of trophoblast cell invasion in the hypoxia-exposed animals was restricted to endovascular, with no interstitial invasion observed. Hypoxia-activated endovascular trophoblast invasion required exposure to hypoxia from gestation day 8.5 to day 9.5. Activation of the invasive trophoblast lineage was also associated with an enlargement of the junctional zone of the chorioallantoic placenta, a source of invasive trophoblast cell progenitors. In summary, maternal hypoxia during early stages of placentation activates the invasive endovascular trophoblast cell lineage and promotes uterine vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshihiro Konno
- Institute of Maternal-Fetal Biology, Division of Cancer & Developmental Biology, Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Michael J. Soares
- Institute of Maternal-Fetal Biology, Division of Cancer & Developmental Biology, Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
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12
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Yamaguchi M, Kanemori T, Kanemaru M, Takai N, Mizuno Y, Yoshida H. Performance evaluation of salivary amylase activity monitor. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:491-7. [PMID: 15494230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Revised: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 02/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to quantify psychological stress and to distinguish eustress and distress, we have been investigating the establishment of a method that can quantify salivary amylase activity (SMA). Salivary glands not only act as amplifiers of a low level of norepinephrine, but also respond more quickly and sensitively to psychological stress than cortisol levels. Moreover, the time-course changes of the salivary amylase activity have a possibility to distinguish eustress and distress. Thus, salivary amylase activity can be utilized as an excellent index for psychological stress. However, in dry chemistry system, a method for quantification of the enzymatic activity still needs to be established that can provide with sufficient substrate in a testing tape as well as can control enzymatic reaction time. Moreover, it is necessary to develop a method that has the advantages of using saliva, such as ease of collection, rapidity of response, and able to use at any time. In order to establish an easy method to monitor the salivary amylase activity, a salivary transcription device was fabricated to control the enzymatic reaction time. A fabricated salivary amylase activity monitor consisted of three devices, the salivary transcription device, a testing-strip and an optical analyzer. By adding maltose as a competitive inhibitor to a substrate Ga1-G2-CNP, a broad-range activity testing-strip was fabricated that could measure the salivary amylase activity with a range of 0-200 kU/l within 150 s. The calibration curve of the monitor for the salivary amylase activity showed R2=0.941, indicating that it was possible to use this monitor for the analysis of the salivary amylase activity without the need to determine the salivary volume quantitatively. In order to evaluate the assay variability of the monitor, salivary amylase activity was measured using Kraepelin psychodiagnostic test as a psychological stressor. A significant difference of salivary amylase activity was recognized between the pre-stress and mid-stress periods. This study demonstrated that broad-range salivary amylase activity monitor was developed that could be used with only 5 microl of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Material Systems Engineering and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama University, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupasri Ain
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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14
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Ain R, Canham LN, Soares MJ. Gestation stage-dependent intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion in the rat and mouse: novel endocrine phenotype and regulation. Dev Biol 2003; 260:176-90. [PMID: 12885563 DOI: 10.1016/s0012-1606(03)00210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast cell invasion into the uterine wall is characteristic of hemochorial placentation. In this report, we examine trophoblast cell invasion in the rat and mouse, the endocrine phenotype of invasive trophoblast cells, and aspects of the regulation of trophoblast cell invasion. In the rat, trophoblast cells exhibit extensive interstitial and endovascular invasion. Trophoblast cells penetrate through the decidua and well into the metrial gland, where they form intimate associations with the vasculature. Trophoblast cell invasion in the mouse is primarily interstitial and is restricted to the mesometrial decidua. Both interstitial and endovascular rat trophoblast cells synthesize a unique set of prolactin (PRL)-like hormones/cytokines, PRL-like protein-A (PLP-A), PLP-L, and PLP-M. Invading mouse trophoblast cells also possess endocrine activities, including the expression of PLP-M and PLP-N. The trafficking of natural killer (NK) cells and trophoblast cells within the mesometrial uterus is reciprocal in both the rat and mouse. As NK cells disappear from the mesometrial compartment, a subpopulation of trophoblast cells exit the chorioallantoic placenta and enter the decidua. Furthermore, the onset of interstitial trophoblast cell invasion is accelerated in mice with a genetic deficiency of NK cells, Tg epsilon 26 mice, implicating a possible regulatory role of NK cells in trophoblast cell invasion. Additionally, the NK cell product, interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), inhibits trophoblast cell outgrowth, and trophoblast cell invasion is accelerated in mice with a genetic deficiency in the IFNgamma or the IFNgamma receptor. In summary, trophoblast cells invade the uterine wall during the last week of gestation in the rat and mouse and possess a unique endocrine phenotype, and factors present in the uterine mesometrial compartment modulate their invasive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupasri Ain
- Institute of Maternal-Fetal Biology and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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15
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Stewart IJ. The metrial gland is more than a mesometrial lymphoid aggregate of pregnancy--a response. J Reprod Immunol 2001; 49:67-9. [PMID: 11137113 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0378(00)00078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I J Stewart
- Human Morphology, Biomedical Sciences Building, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton, SO16 7PX, UK.
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16
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Abstract
Granulated metrial gland cells, also known as uterine natural killer cells or large granular lymphocytes, are pregnancy associated leucocytes of granular phenotype. They are well characterised in mice and humans in terms of their structure, origin and distribution although the function of these cells has yet to be determined. In this review, granulated metrial gland cells in 'minor' species of rodents, insectivores, primates and species with epitheliochorial placentae are described. Emphasis is given to the comparative structure and distribution of granulated metrial gland cells in these minor species and to their possible functional association with trophoblast. Comparative studies of granulated metrial gland cells in minor species complements other approaches such as can be provided using mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Stewart
- Human Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
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18
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Yamada T, Ohno H, Inoue T. Detection of metrial gland cells in rat cervix after delivery by smear method. Exp Anim 1995; 44:261-5. [PMID: 7556430 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.44.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the metrial glands, which form yellowish-white masses on the mesometrial triangle after pregnancy, coincide with the number of implants in the rat. In this study, the migration of the metrial gland cells (MGC) from the metrial glands to the endometrium after placental desquamation was investigated by the smear method. In smeared specimens, MGC appeared as large round cells with an unstained nucleus (a large binucleate cell was frequently seen), surrounded by a pinkish rim of cytoplasm, with PAS-staining; or appeared as a large reddish violet nucleus surrounded by dark violet cytoplasm with Giemsa staining. Numerous MGC were observed on the endometrium on the mesometrial side after artificial desquamation of the placenta on day 20 of pregnancy and day 0 of delivery. Further, MGC were observed on the endometrium on the antimesometrial side or in the cervix (including the internal and external orifice of the uterus) on day 0 of delivery, but no MGC could be detected in the cervix or on the antimesometrial side either during the period of placental signs (days 11-13) or on day 20 of pregnancy. Although MGC disappeared rapidly after delivery, slight traces of MGC remained on the mesometrial side until day 3 after delivery. In the case of abortion, MGC were observed in the cervix on the day of vaginal bleeding. In view of these results, it is considered that confirmation of MGC on the endometrium or the cervix provides evidence of abortion or delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamada
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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19
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Liu CC, Parr EL, Young JD. Granulated lymphoid cells of the pregnant uterus: morphological and functional features. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1994; 153:105-36. [PMID: 8045700 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C C Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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20
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Croy BA, Kiso Y. Granulated metrial gland cells: a natural killer cell subset of the pregnant murine uterus. Microsc Res Tech 1993; 25:189-200. [PMID: 8400420 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1070250302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The metrial gland develops in the uterus of many rodent species during normal pregnancy. It is a maternally-derived tissue that contains stromal and vascular elements plus a population of large cells, striking in their light microscopic appearance due to the presence of numerous cytoplasmic granules. These cells, which have become known in mice and rats as granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells, are derived from bone marrow precursors and recent work suggests they are a subset of lymphocytes belonging to the natural killer (NK) cell lineage. The functions of GMG cells during normal gestation have not been clearly defined. In vitro, GMG cells have been shown to produce cytokines and their cytokine profile is altered upon addition of medium containing the T cell growth factor interleukin-2 (IL-2). GMG cell granules contain the cytolytic protein perforin but GMG cells have a very limited capacity to kill in vitro unless they have been stimulated by IL-2 or interferon-gamma. Histological study of GMG cells has suggested they preferentially associate with fetal trophoblast. Since trophoblast appears resistant to immune lysis, except by IL-2-activated effector lymphocytes, and because resorbing murine embryos become infiltrated by lytic cells of the NK cell lineage, it is important to establish whether GMG cells are activated by pregnancy-associated events to play a major lytic role in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Croy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
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21
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Kanbour-Shakir A, Kunz HW, Gill TJ, Armstrong DT, Macpherson TA. Morphologic changes in the rat uterus following natural mating and embryo transfer. Am J Reprod Immunol 1990; 23:78-83. [PMID: 2257055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1990.tb00676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to gain some insight into the putative immune suppression that may be induced at the placental implantation sites, the morphological changes at these sites following natural matings and following the transfer of embryos fertilized in vivo were studied. The only histologic parameter that showed a significant difference was the number of granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells. More GMG cells were present in allogeneic than in syngeneic pregnancies, and more GMG cells were present following embryo transfer into an allogeneic female than following the comparable natural mating. The role of the GMG cells in pregnancy is, however, still unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kanbour-Shakir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, PA 15261
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Glasser SR, Lampelo S, Munir MI, Julian J. Expression of desmin, laminin and fibronectin during in situ differentiation (decidualization) of rat uterine stromal cells. Differentiation 1987; 35:132-42. [PMID: 3443231 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1987.tb00161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunocytochemical analysis of frozen rat uterine sections containing decidual tissue, formed in response to normal or artificial stimulation of uteri sensitized by endogenous or exogenous hormonal regimens, demonstrated an elevated expression of the intermediate filament protein desmin in decidual cells. Changes in the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components were coordinated with the elevated expression of desmin as stromal cells underwent decidualization. In parallel with the pattern of regional decidualization, as determined by elevated desmin expression, laminin accumulated in ECM of decidual cells while an apparent decrease in fibronectin was associated with altered organization at the decidual cell surface. The in situ observations confirm previous results, which indicated that the expression of desmin in decidual cells formed in vivo or in vitro is a valid marker of their differentiation, and resolve questions unanswered in the previous study: (a) desmin (and laminin) appear to be constitutively expressed in non-decidualized stroma at barely detectable levels, (b) desmin is a valid marker of stromal cell differentiation because it is expressed similarly in decidual cells, irrespective of varying experimental protocols for uterine sensitization and stimulation, and (c) desmin expression follows the same regional progression described for the process of decidualization in morphological and histochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Glasser
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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Stewart I, Peel S. Granulated metrial gland cells at implantation sites of the pregnant mouse uterus. ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY 1980; 160:227-38. [PMID: 7457918 DOI: 10.1007/bf00301863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A study has been made of the distribution of, and synthesis of DNA by, granulated metrial gland cells at implantation sites in the pregnant mouse uterus. Granulated cells were found in small numbers randomly distributed throughout the endometrium on day 4 1/2 of pregnancy. Subsequently cells of this type were lost from the antimesometrial and lateral decidua but increased dramatically in number in the developing decidua basalis. From day 7 1/2 granulated cells populated the mesometrial triangle to form the metrial gland. A high proportion of granulated cells was found to incorporate tritiated thymidine and the distribution of such cells is described. However, no granulated cells were found to incorporate tritiated thymidine at or after day 12 of pregnancy. In addition the loss of granulated metrial gland cells from the implantation site is described and is accounted for by degeneration in situ and also by migration via vascular channels. It is suggested that this latter route could be of functional significance.
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Abstract
An attempt is made to further clarify present areas of controversy in the stress field, in response to a two-part article by Dr. John W. Mason which concludes in this issue of the Journal of Human Stress. The author tries to elucidate each source of confusion enumerated by Dr. Mason. The continued use of the word "stress" for the nonspecific response to any demand is deemed most desirable. The once vague term can now be applied in a well-defined sense and is accepted in all foreign languages as well, including those in which no such word existed previously in any sense. Subdivision of the stress concept has become necessary as more recent work has led to such notions as "eustress," "distress," "systemic stress" and "local stress." Confusion between stress as both an agent and a result can be avoided only by the distinction between "stress" and "stressor". It is explained that the stress syndrome is--by definition--nonspecific in its causation. However, depending upon conditioning factors, which can selectively influence the reactivity of certain organs, the same stressor can elicit different manifestations in different individuals.
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Chang C, Tatum HJ. Some Temporal Relationships between Intrauterine Copper Wire and its Contraceptive Action in the Rat*†*Presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of The American Fertility Society, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 25-27, 1971.†Supported in part by Grant 1 P01 HD 0567-01 from the National Institutes of Health. Fertil Steril 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)38833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Larkin LH. Electron microscopy of granule release in metrial gland cells of the pregnant rat. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1972; 172:109-26. [PMID: 5061700 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091720110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Cardell RR, Hisaw FL, Dawson AB. The fine structure of granular cells in the uterine endometrium of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) with a discussion of the possible function of these cells in relaxin secretion. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1969; 124:307-39. [PMID: 4975348 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001240304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Jantzen K, Herlyn U, Flaskamp D, Berswordt-Wallrabe I VO. [Experimental studies on the problem of implantation during lactation in the rat]. ARCHIV FUR GYNAKOLOGIE 1967; 205:31-8. [PMID: 5632243 DOI: 10.1007/bf00668057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Dallenbach-Hellweg G, Dawson AB, Hisaw FL. The effect of relaxin on the endometrium of monkeys histological and histochemical studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1966. [DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001190105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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BLACKBURN WR, KAPLAN HS, MCKAY DG. Morphologic changes in the developing rat placenta following prednisolone administration. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1965; 92:234-46. [PMID: 14281835 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(65)80014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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MARGOLIS AJ, DOYLE LL. Intrauterine Foreign Body. II. Inhibition of Decidual Response in the Rat. Fertil Steril 1964; 15:607-17. [PMID: 14236836 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)35405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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TURNBULL JG, KENT GC. The decidual cell response in the golden hamster. THE ANATOMICAL RECORD 1963; 145:97-9. [PMID: 13994877 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091450112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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ALDEN RH, SMITH MJ. Implantation of the rat egg. IV. Some effects of artificial ova on the rat uterus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1959; 142:215-25. [PMID: 13682207 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401420110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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�ber k�rnchenhaltige Zellen im menschlichen und tierischen Endometrium (endometriale K�rnchenzellen, metachromasierende Zellen). Cell Tissue Res 1959. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00338865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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ORSINI MW. The trophoblastic giant cells and endovascular cells associated with pregnancy in the hamster, Cricetus auratus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1954; 94:273-331. [PMID: 13148122 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1000940205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Blandau RJ. Embryo-endometrial interrelationship in the rat and guinea pig. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1949; 104:331-59. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Williams MF. The vascular architecture of the rat uterus as influenced by estrogen and progesterone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1948; 83:247-307. [DOI: 10.1002/aja.1000830204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fawcett DW, Wislocki GB, Waldo CM. The development of mouse ova in the anterior chamber of the eye and in the abdominal cavity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1947; 81:413-43. [DOI: 10.1002/aja.1000810305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lyon RA, Allen WM. Studies on the production of secondary deciduomata during lactation in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1943. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.1090860310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Selye H, Borduas A, Masson G. Studies concerning the hormonal control of deciduomata and metrial glands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1942. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.1090820208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Effect of chronic progesterone overdosage on the female accessory sex organs of normal, ovariectomized and hypophysectomized rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1940. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.1090780209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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