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Renaud S, Amar L, Chevret P, Romestaing C, Quéré JP, Régis C, Lebrun R. Inner ear morphology in wild versus laboratory house mice. J Anat 2024; 244:722-738. [PMID: 38214368 PMCID: PMC11021637 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The semicircular canals of the inner ear are involved in balance and velocity control. Being crucial to ensure efficient mobility, their morphology exhibits an evolutionary conservatism attributed to stabilizing selection. Release of selection in slow-moving animals has been argued to lead to morphological divergence and increased inter-individual variation. In its natural habitat, the house mouse Mus musculus moves in a tridimensional space where efficient balance is required. In contrast, laboratory mice in standard cages are severely restricted in their ability to move, which possibly reduces selection on the inner ear morphology. This effect was tested by comparing four groups of mice: several populations of wild mice trapped in commensal habitats in France; their second-generation laboratory offspring, to assess plastic effects related to breeding conditions; a standard laboratory strain (Swiss) that evolved for many generations in a regime of mobility reduction; and hybrids between wild offspring and Swiss mice. The morphology of the semicircular canals was quantified using a set of 3D landmarks and semi-landmarks analyzed using geometric morphometric protocols. Levels of inter-population, inter-individual (disparity) and intra-individual (asymmetry) variation were compared. All wild mice shared a similar inner ear morphology, in contrast to the important divergence of the Swiss strain. The release of selection in the laboratory strain obviously allowed for an important and rapid drift in the otherwise conserved structure. Shared traits between the inner ear of the lab strain and domestic pigs suggested a common response to mobility reduction in captivity. The lab-bred offspring of wild mice also differed from their wild relatives, suggesting plastic response related to maternal locomotory behavior, since inner ear morphology matures before birth in mammals. The signature observed in lab-bred wild mice and the lab strain was however not congruent, suggesting that plasticity did not participate to the divergence of the laboratory strain. However, contrary to the expectation, wild mice displayed slightly higher levels of inter-individual variation than laboratory mice, possibly due to the higher levels of genetic variance within and among wild populations compared to the lab strain. Differences in fluctuating asymmetry levels were detected, with the laboratory strain occasionally displaying higher asymmetry scores than its wild relatives. This suggests that there may indeed be a release of selection and/or a decrease in developmental stability in the laboratory strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Léa Amar
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pascale Chevret
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Caroline Romestaing
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), UMR 5023, CNRS, ENTPE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Quéré
- Centre de Biologie et Gestion des Populations (INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Régis
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Renaud Lebrun
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution (ISE-M), UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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2
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Horta-Lacueva QJB, Jónsson ZO, Thorholludottir DAV, Hallgrímsson B, Kapralova KH. Rapid and biased evolution of canalization during adaptive divergence revealed by dominance in gene expression variability during Arctic charr early development. Commun Biol 2023; 6:897. [PMID: 37652977 PMCID: PMC10471602 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive evolution may be influenced by canalization, the buffering of developmental processes from environmental and genetic perturbations, but how this occurs is poorly understood. Here, we explore how gene expression variability evolves in diverging and hybridizing populations, by focusing on the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) of Thingvallavatn, a classic case of divergence between feeding habitats. We report distinct profiles of gene expression variance for both coding RNAs and microRNAs between the offspring of two contrasting morphs (benthic/limnetic) and their hybrids reared in common conditions and sampled at two key points of cranial development. Gene expression variance in the hybrids is substantially affected by maternal effects, and many genes show biased expression variance toward the limnetic morph. This suggests that canalization, as inferred by gene expression variance, can rapidly diverge in sympatry through multiple gene pathways, which are associated with dominance patterns possibly biasing evolutionary trajectories and mitigating the effects of hybridization on adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Jean-Baptiste Horta-Lacueva
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Dagny A V Thorholludottir
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Population Genetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kalina Hristova Kapralova
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
- The Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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Parés-Casanova PM, Domènech-Domènech X. Sphenoid bone is more asymmetrical than palatine bone among small ruminants. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1935968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Parés-Casanova PM, Castel-Mas L, Jones-Capdevila KN. Asymmetries of Forelimb Digits of Young Cattle. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030083. [PMID: 32630632 PMCID: PMC7558999 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the anatomical premise that, in bovines, the medial (inner) hoof is larger than the lateral (outer) one in the forelimb, we hypothesized that this implies a phalangeal form difference. To test this hypothesis, asymmetries of the forelimb acropodia (phalangeal series) were studied on calves belonging to the Brown Pyrenean breed, a meat breed managed under extensive conditions in NE Spain. Dorso-palmar radiographs were obtained for each acropodium in a sample of 17 paired left and right forelimbs. Size and shape were analysed by means of geometric morphometrics on medial and lateral acropodial series (III and IV series respectively) for each left and right limb. Shape coordinates were computed by Generalized Procrustes Analysis. Medial and lateral acropodial series appeared similar in size, but their shape expressed an especially high directional asymmetry, with distal phalanges (pedal bones) being abaxially (outwards) oriented. Such morphological observations may be an important reconsideration of “normal” radiographic acropodial symmetry evaluation. This can be explained not only by an unevenly distributed ground reaction force between acropodial series, but also between right and left limbs, making medial and lateral hoof surfaces differently prone to overloading and, accordingly, to injuries to the limb.
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Hanot P, Herrel A, Guintard C, Cornette R. Unravelling the hybrid vigor in domestic equids: the effect of hybridization on bone shape variation and covariation. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:188. [PMID: 31615394 PMCID: PMC6794909 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybridization has been widely practiced in plant and animal breeding as a means to enhance the quality and fitness of the organisms. In domestic equids, this hybrid vigor takes the form of improved physical and physiological characteristics, notably for strength or endurance. Because the offspring of horse and donkey is generally sterile, this widely recognized vigor is expressed in the first generation (F1). However, in the absence of recombination between the two parental genomes, F1 hybrids can be expected to be phenotypically intermediate between their parents which could potentially restrict the possibilities of an increase in overall fitness. In this study, we examine the morphology of the main limb bones of domestic horses, donkeys and their hybrids to investigate the phenotypic impact of hybridization on the locomotor system. We explore bone shape variation and covariation to gain insights into the morphological and functional expressions of the hybrid vigor commonly described in domestic equids. RESULTS Our data reveal the occurrence of transgressive effects on several bones in the F1 generation. The patterns of morphological integration further demonstrate that the developmental processes producing covariation are not disrupted by hybridization, contrary to functional ones. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that an increase in overall fitness could be related to more flexibility in shape change in hybrids, except for the main forelimb long bones of which the morphology is strongly driven by muscle interactions. More broadly, this study illustrates the interest of investigating not only bone shape variation but also underlying processes, in order to contribute to better understanding how developmental and functional mechanisms are affected by hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hanot
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179 " Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Évolution " (CNRS, MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier CP 55, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Claude Guintard
- Unité d'Anatomie Comparée, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de l'Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation, Nantes Atlantique - ONIRIS, cedex 03, route de Gachet, CS 40706, 44307, Nantes, France
- Groupe d'Études Remodelage osseux et bioMatériaux (GEROM), Université d'Angers, Unité INSERM 922, LHEA/IRIS-IBS, CHU d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, Angers, France
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- UMR 7205 « Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité » (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 45 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
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6
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Abramjan A, Frýdlová P, Jančúchová-Lásková J, Suchomelová P, Landová E, Yavruyan E, Frynta D. Comparing developmental stability in unisexual and bisexual rock lizards of the genus Darevskia. Evol Dev 2019; 21:175-187. [PMID: 30887666 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parthenogenetic species are usually considered to be short-lived due to the accumulation of adverse mutations, lack of genetic variability, and inability to adapt to changing environment. If so, one may expect that the phenotype of clonal organisms may reflect such genetic and/or environmental stress. To test this hypothesis, we compared the developmental stability of bisexual and parthenogenetic lizards of the genus Darevskia. We assessed asymmetries in three meristic traits: ventral, preanal, and supratemporal scales. Our results suggest that the amount of ventral and preanal asymmetries is significantly higher in clones compared with their maternal, but not paternal, progenitor species. However, it is questionable, whether this is a consequence of clonality, as it may be considered a mild form of outbreeding depression as well. Moreover, most ventral asymmetries were found in the bisexual species Darevskia valentini. We suggest that greater differences in asymmetry levels among bisexuals may be, for instance, a consequence of the population size: the smaller the population, the higher the inbreeding and the developmental instability. On the basis of the traits examined in this study, the parthenogens do not seem to be of significantly poorer quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andran Abramjan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Frýdlová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petra Suchomelová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Landová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Yavruyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biology, Zoology, and Ecology, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Daniel Frynta
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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7
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Myoshu H, Iwasa MA. Colonization and Differentiation Traits of the Japanese House Mouse, Mus musculus (Rodentia, Muridae), Inferred from Mitochondrial Haplotypes and External Body Characteristics. Zoolog Sci 2018; 35:222-232. [PMID: 29882501 DOI: 10.2108/zs170184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the colonization histories of the Japanese house mice (Mus musculus), phenotypic and genotypic admixtures of the subspecific traits were studied by evaluation of external body characteristics and mitochondrial gene elements. We analyzed mitochondrial Cytb gene and coat colorations and body dimensions as subspecific characteristics in mice from four areas of the Japanese Islands, the Sorachi, Ishikari and Iburi areas of Hokkaido, the Hidaka area of Hokkaido, and northeastern and central Honshu. Three occurrence patterns of the subspecific haplotypes of Cytb-the castaneus type only, the musculus type only, and the castaneus, musculus, and domesticus types together-were observed in the study areas. In central Honshu, the properties of haplotypes were in accord with the external characteristics as reported in previous findings. In contrast, complicated external characteristics were observed in the Hidaka area, where mice showed multiple haplotype properties. In addition, in northeastern Honshu, coat colorations were not in accord with haplotype properties and such discordance was also observed in most mice in the Sorachi, Ishikari and Iburi areas of Hokkaido. These complexities and discordances suggest that the genetic and phenotypic properties have been caused by different processes, not only through founder effects by migrations and subsequent subspecific hybridizations but also through differentiation in each study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Myoshu
- Course in Natural Environment Studies, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Masahiro A Iwasa
- Course in Natural Environment Studies, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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8
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Hallgrimsson B, Green RM, Katz DC, Fish JL, Bernier FP, Roseman CC, Young NM, Cheverud JM, Marcucio RS. The developmental-genetics of canalization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 88:67-79. [PMID: 29782925 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Canalization, or robustness to genetic or environmental perturbations, is fundamental to complex organisms. While there is strong evidence for canalization as an evolved property that varies among genotypes, the developmental and genetic mechanisms that produce this phenomenon are very poorly understood. For evolutionary biology, understanding how canalization arises is important because, by modulating the phenotypic variation that arises in response to genetic differences, canalization is a determinant of evolvability. For genetics of disease in humans and for economically important traits in agriculture, this subject is important because canalization is a potentially significant cause of missing heritability that confounds genomic prediction of phenotypes. We review the major lines of thought on the developmental-genetic basis for canalization. These fall into two groups. One proposes specific evolved molecular mechanisms while the other deals with robustness or canalization as a more general feature of development. These explanations for canalization are not mutually exclusive and they overlap in several ways. General explanations for canalization are more likely to involve emergent features of development than specific molecular mechanisms. Disentangling these explanations is also complicated by differences in perspectives between genetics and developmental biology. Understanding canalization at a mechanistic level will require conceptual and methodological approaches that integrate quantitative genetics and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Dept. of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Rebecca M Green
- Dept. of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - David C Katz
- Dept. of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Fish
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Francois P Bernier
- Dept of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Charles C Roseman
- Dept. of Animal Biology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Nathan M Young
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - James M Cheverud
- Dept. of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Ralph S Marcucio
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
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Warren KA, Ritzman TB, Humphreys RA, Percival CJ, Hallgrímsson B, Ackermann RR. Craniomandibular form and body size variation of first generation mouse hybrids: A model for hominin hybridization. J Hum Evol 2018; 116:57-74. [PMID: 29477182 PMCID: PMC6699179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization occurs in a number of mammalian lineages, including among primate taxa. Analyses of ancient genomes have shown that hybridization between our lineage and other archaic hominins in Eurasia occurred numerous times in the past. However, we still have limited empirical data on what a hybrid skeleton looks like, or how to spot patterns of hybridization among fossils for which there are no genetic data. Here we use experimental mouse models to supplement previous studies of primates. We characterize size and shape variation in the cranium and mandible of three wild-derived inbred mouse strains and their first generation (F1) hybrids. The three parent taxa in our analysis represent lineages that diverged over approximately the same period as the human/Neanderthal/Denisovan lineages and their hybrids are variably successful in the wild. Comparisons of body size, as quantified by long bone measurements, are also presented to determine whether the identified phenotypic effects of hybridization are localized to the cranium or represent overall body size changes. The results indicate that hybrid cranial and mandibular sizes, as well as limb length, exceed that of the parent taxa in all cases. All three F1 hybrid crosses display similar patterns of size and form variation. These results are generally consistent with earlier studies on primates and other mammals, suggesting that the effects of hybridization may be similar across very different scenarios of hybridization, including different levels of hybrid fitness. This paper serves to supplement previous studies aimed at identifying F1 hybrids in the fossil record and to introduce further research that will explore hybrid morphologies using mice as a proxy for better understanding hybridization in the hominin fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryn A Warren
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Terrence B Ritzman
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, USA; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Robyn A Humphreys
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher J Percival
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; The Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; The Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Rebecca Rogers Ackermann
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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10
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Alibert P, Fel-Clair F, Manolakou K, Britton-Davidian J, Auffray JC. DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY, FITNESS, AND TRAIT SIZE IN LABORATORY HYBRIDS BETWEEN EUROPEAN SUBSPECIES OF THE HOUSE MOUSE. Evolution 2017; 51:1284-1295. [PMID: 28565477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/1996] [Accepted: 03/25/1997] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hybridization on developmental stability and size of tooth characters were investigated in intersubspecific crosses between random-bred wild strains of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. musculus). Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and trait size were compared within and between parental, F1 , backcross, and F2 hybrid groups. The relationship between FA and reproductive fitness within the F1 hybrids was also studied. The results indicated that both FA and character size levels differed significantly between the two subspecies. The F1 hybrids and the recombined groups (backcrosses and F2 hybrids) showed heterosis for both parameters. No significant differences in the FA of fertile and sterile F1 hybrid individuals were found. Comparison of the FA levels obtained in this study with those found in wild populations from the hybrid zone in Denmark showed that the levels of FA were lower in laboratory-bred samples than in the wild populations. This study provides further evidence that, in hybrids, the developmental processes underlying most of the morphological traits we studied benefit from a heterotic effect, despite the genomic incompatibilities between the two European house mice revealed by previous genetical and parasitological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Alibert
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 CNRS, cc 064, Université Montpellier II, France
| | - Fabienne Fel-Clair
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 CNRS, cc 064, Université Montpellier II, France
| | - Katerina Manolakou
- Laboratoire Génome et Populations, UPR 9060 CNRS, cc 063, Université Montpellier II, France
| | - Janice Britton-Davidian
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 CNRS, cc 064, Université Montpellier II, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Auffray
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 CNRS, cc 064, Université Montpellier II, France
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11
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Chatti N, Said K, Catalan J, Britton-Davidian J, Auffray JC. DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY IN WILD CHROMOSOMAL HYBRIDS OF THE HOUSE MOUSE. Evolution 2017; 53:1268-1279. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/1998] [Accepted: 03/01/1999] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Chatti
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Génétique; Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; 5000 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Khaled Said
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Génétique; Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; 5000 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Josette Catalan
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS); Université Montpellier 2; CC 064 34095 Montpellier cedex France
| | - Janice Britton-Davidian
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS); Université Montpellier 2; CC 064 34095 Montpellier cedex France
| | - Jean-Christophe Auffray
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS); Université Montpellier 2; CC 064 34095 Montpellier cedex France
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12
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Hochwender CG, Fritz RS. FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY IN A SALIX HYBRID SYSTEM: THE IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC VERSUS ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES. Evolution 2017; 53:408-416. [PMID: 28565423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb03776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/1998] [Accepted: 11/12/1998] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effects of hybridization and environmental stress on developmental instability, we examined fluctuating asymmetry (FA), the variance in random deviations from perfect symmetry in bilaterally symmetrical traits, for leaf symmetry in a Salix hybrid system. An abiotic environmental stress (water stress), an interspecific biotic stress (pathogen attack), and an intraspecific biotic stress (competition) were examined to determine which factors increase developmental instability. None of these three environmental stressors significantly increased FA. However, genetic stress through hybridization was detected; hybrid plants showed significantly higher levels of FA than parental species. In contrast to hybridization providing greater developmental stability through heterozygosity, these results suggest that complex, nonadditive interactions provided developmental stability and that developmental instability increased when coadapted gene complexes were disrupted through hybridization. In addition, plant biomass was significantly, negatively correlated with FA, suggesting that those individuals that were more able to buffer themselves against the disruptive effects of environmental stress may have a selective advantage over those that are less able to buffer themselves against these disruptive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cris G Hochwender
- Department of Biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, 12604-0568
| | - Robert S Fritz
- Department of Biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, 12604-0568
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13
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Fel-Clair F, Catalan J, Lenormand T, Britton-Davidian J. CENTROMERIC INCOMPATIBILITIES IN THE HYBRID ZONE BETWEEN HOUSE MOUSE SUBSPECIES FROM DENMARK: EVIDENCE FROM PATTERNS OF NOR ACTIVITY. Evolution 2017; 52:592-603. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/1997] [Accepted: 01/28/1998] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Fel-Clair
- Laboratoire Génétique et Environnement; Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR5554), Université Montpellier II; cc65, Place E. Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Josette Catalan
- Laboratoire Génétique et Environnement; Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR5554), Université Montpellier II; cc65, Place E. Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Thomas Lenormand
- Laboratoire Génétique et Environnement; Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR5554), Université Montpellier II; cc65, Place E. Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Janice Britton-Davidian
- Laboratoire Génétique et Environnement; Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR5554), Université Montpellier II; cc65, Place E. Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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14
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Fluctuating Asymmetry of Craniological Features of Small Mammals as a Reflection of Heterogeneity of Natural Populations. Symmetry (Basel) 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/sym8120142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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15
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Renaud S, Alibert P, Auffray JC. Impact of Hybridization on Shape, Variation and Covariation of the Mouse Molar. Evol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-016-9391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Gonzalez PN, Pavlicev M, Mitteroecker P, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Spritz RA, Marcucio RS, Hallgrímsson B. Genetic structure of phenotypic robustness in the collaborative cross mouse diallel panel. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1737-51. [PMID: 27234063 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Developmental stability and canalization describe the ability of developmental systems to minimize phenotypic variation in the face of stochastic micro-environmental effects, genetic variation and environmental influences. Canalization is the ability to minimize the effects of genetic or environmental effects, whereas developmental stability is the ability to minimize the effects of micro-environmental effects within individuals. Despite much attention, the mechanisms that underlie these two components of phenotypic robustness remain unknown. We investigated the genetic structure of phenotypic robustness in the collaborative cross (CC) mouse reference population. We analysed the magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and among-individual variation of cranial shape in reciprocal crosses among the eight parental strains, using geometric morphometrics and a diallel analysis based on a Bayesian approach. Significant differences among genotypes were found for both measures, although they were poorly correlated at the level of individuals. An overall positive effect of inbreeding was found for both components of variation. The strain CAST/EiJ exerted a positive additive effect on FA and, to a lesser extent, among-individual variance. Sex- and other strain-specific effects were not significant. Neither FA nor among-individual variation was associated with phenotypic extremeness. Our results support the existence of genetic variation for both developmental stability and canalization. This finding is important because robustness is a key feature of developmental systems. Our finding that robustness is not related to phenotypic extremeness is consistent with theoretical work that suggests that its relationship to stabilizing selection is not straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Gonzalez
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria, CCT-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Pavlicev
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - P Mitteroecker
- Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | | | - R A Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R S Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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17
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Pallares LF, Turner LM, Tautz D. Craniofacial shape transition across the house mouse hybrid zone: implications for the genetic architecture and evolution of between-species differences. Dev Genes Evol 2016; 226:173-86. [PMID: 27216933 PMCID: PMC4896993 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-016-0550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial shape differences between taxa have often been linked to environmental adaptation, e.g., new food sources, or have been studied in the context of domestication. Evidence for the genetic basis of such phenotypic differences to date suggests that between-species as well as between-population variation has an oligogenic basis, i.e., few loci of large effect explain most of the variation. In mice, it has been shown that within-population craniofacial variation has a highly polygenic basis, but there are no data regarding the genetic basis of between-species differences in natural populations. Here, we address this question using a phenotype-focused approach. Using 3D geometric morphometrics, we phenotyped a panel of mice derived from a natural hybrid zone between Mus musculus domesticus and Mus mus musculus and quantify the transition of craniofacial shape along the hybridization gradient. We find a continuous shape transition along the hybridization gradient and unaltered developmental stability associated with hybridization. This suggests that the morphospace between the two subspecies is continuous despite reproductive isolation and strong barriers to gene flow. We show that quantitative changes in overall genome composition generate quantitative changes in craniofacial shape; this supports a highly polygenic basis for between-species craniofacial differences in the house mouse. We discuss our findings in the context of oligogenic versus polygenic models of the genetic architecture of morphological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Pallares
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemannstr. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Leslie M Turner
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemannstr. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemannstr. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany.
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18
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Bihlmeyer NA, Brody JA, Smith AV, Lunetta KL, Nalls M, Smith JA, Tanaka T, Davies G, Yu L, Mirza SS, Teumer A, Coresh J, Pankow JS, Franceschini N, Scaria A, Oshima J, Psaty BM, Gudnason V, Eiriksdottir G, Harris TB, Li H, Karasik D, Kiel DP, Garcia M, Liu Y, Faul JD, Kardia SL, Zhao W, Ferrucci L, Allerhand M, Liewald DC, Redmond P, Starr JM, De Jager PL, Evans DA, Direk N, Ikram MA, Uitterlinden A, Homuth G, Lorbeer R, Grabe HJ, Launer L, Murabito JM, Singleton AB, Weir DR, Bandinelli S, Deary IJ, Bennett DA, Tiemeier H, Kocher T, Lumley T, Arking DE. Genetic diversity is a predictor of mortality in humans. BMC Genet 2014; 15:159. [PMID: 25543667 PMCID: PMC4301661 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-014-0159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been well-established, both by population genetics theory and direct observation in many organisms, that increased genetic diversity provides a survival advantage. However, given the limitations of both sample size and genome-wide metrics, this hypothesis has not been comprehensively tested in human populations. Moreover, the presence of numerous segregating small effect alleles that influence traits that directly impact health directly raises the question as to whether global measures of genomic variation are themselves associated with human health and disease. RESULTS We performed a meta-analysis of 17 cohorts followed prospectively, with a combined sample size of 46,716 individuals, including a total of 15,234 deaths. We find a significant association between increased heterozygosity and survival (P = 0.03). We estimate that within a single population, every standard deviation of heterozygosity an individual has over the mean decreases that person's risk of death by 1.57%. CONCLUSIONS This effect was consistent between European and African ancestry cohorts, men and women, and major causes of death (cancer and cardiovascular disease), demonstrating the broad positive impact of genomic diversity on human survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Bihlmeyer
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BRB Room 447, 733 N. Broadway St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Mike Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Saira Saeed Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
| | - Anish Scaria
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, 303.325 Science Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | - Tamara B Harris
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Hanyue Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Melissa Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Sharon Lr Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Michael Allerhand
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - David C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Paul Redmond
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging and Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Nese Direk
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mohammed Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Roberto Lorbeer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, HELIOS Hospital Stralsund, Greifswald, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Lenore Launer
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, 303.325 Science Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BRB Room 447, 733 N. Broadway St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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19
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Culumber ZW, Rosenthal GG. Population-level mating patterns and fluctuating asymmetry in swordtail hybrids. Naturwissenschaften 2013; 100:801-4. [PMID: 23775276 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-013-1072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Morphological symmetry is a correlate of fitness-related traits or even a direct target of mate choice in a variety of taxa. In these taxa, when females discriminate among potential mates, increased selection on males should reduce fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Hybrid populations of the swordtails Xiphophorus birchmanni and Xiphophorus malinche vary from panmictic (unstructured) to highly structured, in which reproductive isolation is maintained among hybrids and parental species. We predicted that FA in flanking vertical bars used in sexual signalling should be lower in structured populations, where non-random mating patterns are observed. FA in vertical bars was markedly lower in structured populations than in parental and unstructured hybrid populations. There was no difference in FA between parentals and hybrids, suggesting that hybridisation does not directly affect FA. Rather, variation in FA likely results from contrasting mating patterns in unstructured and structured populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W Culumber
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
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20
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Hiadlovská Z, Vošlajerová Bímová B, Mikula O, Piálek J, Macholán M. Transgressive segregation in a behavioural trait? Explorative strategies in two house mouse subspecies and their hybrids. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jaroslav Piálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Macholán
- Laboratory of Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno; Czech Republic
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Renaud S, Alibert P, Auffray JC. Modularity as a source of new morphological variation in the mandible of hybrid mice. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:141. [PMID: 22873779 PMCID: PMC3506452 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hybridization is often seen as a process dampening phenotypic differences accumulated between diverging evolutionary units. For a complex trait comprising several relatively independent modules, hybridization may however simply generate new phenotypes, by combining into a new mosaic modules inherited from each parental groups and parts intermediate with respect to the parental groups. We tested this hypothesis by studying mandible size and shape in a set of first and second generation hybrids resulting from inbred wild-derived laboratory strains documenting two subspecies of house mice, Musmusculus domesticus and Musmusculus musculus. Phenotypic variation of the mandible was divided into nested partitions of developmental, evolutionary and functional modules. Results The size and shape of the modules were differently influenced by hybridization. Some modules seemed to be the result of typical additive effects with hybrids intermediate between parents, some displayed a pattern expected in the case of monogenic dominance, whereas in other modules, hybrids were transgressive. The result is interpreted as the production of novel mandible morphologies. Beyond this modularity, modules in functional interaction tended to display significant covariations. Conclusions Modularity emerges as a source of novel morphological variation by its simple potential to combine different parts of the parental phenotypes into a novel offspring mosaic of modules. This effect is partly counterbalanced by bone remodeling insuring an integration of the mosaic mandible into a functional ensemble, adding a non-genetic component to the production of transgressive phenotypes in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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22
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CONROY CHRISJ, GUPTA ADITIM. Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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MIKULA ONDREJ, AUFFRAY JEANCHRISTOPHE, MACHOLAN MILOS. Asymmetric size and shape variation in the Central European transect across the house mouse hybrid zone. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Renaud S, Alibert P, Auffray JC. Mandible shape in hybrid mice. Naturwissenschaften 2009; 96:1043-50. [PMID: 19504055 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-009-0563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hybridisation between closely related species is frequently seen as retarding evolutionary divergence and can also promote it by creating novel phenotypes due to new genetic combinations and developmental interactions. We therefore investigated how hybridisation affects the shape of the mouse mandible, a well-known feature in evo-devo studies. Parental groups corresponded to two strains of the European mouse sub-species Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus. Parents and hybrids were bred in controlled conditions. The mandibles of F(1) hybrids are mostly intermediate between parental phenotypes as expected for a complex multigenic character. Nevertheless, a transgressive effect as well as an increased phenotypic variance characterise the hybrids. This suggests that hybridisation between the two subspecies could lead to a higher phenotypic variance due to complex interactions among the parental genomes including non-additive genetic effects. The major direction of variance is conserved, however, among hybrids and parent groups. Hybridisation may thus play a role in the production of original transgressive phenotypes occurring following pre-existing patterns of variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Renaud
- Paléoenvironnement et Paléobiosphère, UMR 5125 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Bâtiment Géode, 2 Rue Dubois, Campus de la Doua, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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25
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Morphometrics applied to medical entomology. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2008; 8:875-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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MIKULA O, MACHOLÁN M. There is no heterotic effect upon developmental stability in the ventral side of the skull within the house mouse hybrid zone. J Evol Biol 2008; 21:1055-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Auffray J, Renaud S, Alibert P, Nevo E. Developmental stability and adaptive radiation in theSpalax ehrenbergisuperspecies in the Near‐East. J Evol Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.‐C. Auffray
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), CC064, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,
| | - S. Renaud
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), CC064, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,
| | - P. Alibert
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), CC064, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,
| | - E. Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
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29
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GARNIER STEPHANE, GIDASZEWSKI NELLY, CHARLOT MARYLINE, RASPLUS JEANYVES, ALIBERT PAUL. Hybridization, developmental stability, and functionality of morphological traits in the ground beetleCarabus solieri(Coleoptera, Carabidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Munoz-Munoz F, Sans-Fuentes MA, Lopez-Fuster MJ, Ventura J. Variation in fluctuating asymmetry levels across a Robertsonian polymorphic zone of the house mouse. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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GAZAVE ELODIE, CATALAN JOSETTE, DA GRACA RAMALHINHO MARIA, DA LUZ MATHIAS MARIA, NUNES ANACLAUDIA, BRITTON-DAVIDIAN JANICE, AUFFRAY JEANCHRISTOPHE. Do chromosomal hybrids necessarily suffer from developmental instability? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Developmental stability and canalization of limb bones of brown haresLepus europaeus with varying levels of heterozygosity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03194485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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BRITTON-DAVIDIAN JANICE, FEL-CLAIR FABIENNE, LOPEZ JOËLLE, ALIBERT PAUL, BOURSOT PIERRE. Postzygotic isolation between the two European subspecies of the house mouse: estimates from fertility patterns in wild and laboratory-bred hybrids. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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RAUFASTE NATHALIE, ORTH ANNIE, BELKHIR KHALID, SENET DAVID, SMADJA CAROLE, BAIRD STUARTJE, BONHOMME FRANÇOIS, DOD BARBARA, BOURSOT PIERRE. Inferences of selection and migration in the Danish house mouse hybrid zone. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Smadja G, Catalan J, Ganem C. Strong premating divergence in a unimodal hybrid zone between two subspecies of the house mouse. J Evol Biol 2004; 17:165-76. [PMID: 15000659 DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although selection against hybridization is expected to generate prezygotic divergence in unimodal hybrid zones, such a pattern has been seldom described. This study aims to better understand how prezygotic mechanisms may evolve in such zones. We investigated prezygotic divergence between populations of two subspecies of mice (Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus) located at the edges of their unimodal hybrid zone in Denmark, and we developed an original multiple-population choice-test design, which allows assessment of within and between subspecies variation. Our study demonstrates that a strong assortative preference characterises one of the two subspecies (musculus) and that urinary signals are involved in this subspecies recognition. Taking into account the specific genetic and geographical characteristics of the Danish hybrid zone, we discuss the influence of the above pattern on its fate and the mechanisms that could have favoured this prezygotic divergence, among which the role of recombined populations constituting the core of the zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Smadja
- Laboratoire Génetique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier II, France.
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Pélabon C, Carlson ML, Hansen TF, Yoccoz NG, Armbruster WS. Consequences of inter-population crosses on developmental stability and canalization of floral traits inDalechampia scandens(Euphorbiaceae). J Evol Biol 2003; 17:19-32. [PMID: 15000644 DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Congruence between changes in phenotypic variance and developmental noise in inter-population hybrids was analysed to test whether environmental canalization and developmental stability were controlled by common genetic mechanisms. Developmental stability assessed by the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA), and canalization by the within- and among-individual variance, were measured on several floral traits of Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae). Hybridization affected canalization. Both within- and among-individual phenotypic variance decreased in hybrids from populations of intermediate genetic distance, and strongly increased in hybrids from genetically distant populations. Mean-trait FA differed among cross-types, but hybrids were not consistently more or less asymmetric than parental lines across traits. We found no congruence between changes in FA and changes in phenotypic variance. These results suggest that developmental stability (measured by FA) and canalization are independently controlled. This study also confirms the weak relationship between FA and the breakdown of coadapted gene complexes following inter-population hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pélabon
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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37
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MUÑOZ-MUÑOZ FRANCESC, ASSUMPCIÓ SANS-FUENTES MARIA, LÓPEZ-FUSTER MARÍAJOSÉ, VENTURA JACINT. Non-metric morphological divergence in the western house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, from the Barcelona chromosomal hybrid zone. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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The location of theMus musculus/M. domesticus hybrid zone in the Balkans: clues from morphology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03194157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Réaale D, Roff DA. INBREEDING, DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY, AND CANALIZATION IN THE SAND CRICKET GRYLLUS FIRMUS. Evolution 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb01551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Alibert P, Bollache L, Corberant D, Guesdon V, Cézilly F. Parasitic infection and developmental stability: fluctuating asymmetry in Gammarus pulex infected with two acanthocephalan species. J Parasitol 2002; 88:47-54. [PMID: 12053979 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0047:piadsf]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported a negative association between developmental stability and parasitic infection. However, the host-parasite associations examined so far consist only of a limited number of parasite taxa, and developmental stability was appraised on definitive hosts. The present study examines the association between infection by 2 acanthocephalan parasites. Pomphorhynchus laevis and Polymorphus minutus, and the developmental stability of their common intermediate host Gammarus pulex. Developmental stability was estimated from the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) levels of 6 morphological traits. A positive association was found between FA and infection. Infected gammarids tended to be more asymmetrical than the noninfected ones for an index generated by combining FA scores from 2 characters out of the 6 studied, even though no significant relationships were found between FA levels and parasitic loads. The simultaneous presence of both acanthocephalan species in the same host seems to be associated with increased FA levels of gammarids, but this trend was not statistically significant. For the same characters, males exhibited higher levels of FA than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alibert
- Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 5561, Biogéosciences-Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, France.
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42
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Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry (subtle departures from identical expression of a trait across an axis of symmetry) in many taxa is under stabilizing selection for reduced asymmetry. However, lack of reliable estimates of genetic parameters for asymmetry variation hampers our ability to predict the evolutionary outcome of this selection. Here we report on a study, based on analysis of variation within and between isofemale lines and of generation means (line-cross analysis), designed to dissect in detail the quantitative genetics of positional fluctuating asymmetry (PFA) in bristle number in natural populations of Drosophila falleni. PFA is defined as the difference between the two sides of the body in the placement or position of components of a meristic trait. Heritability (measured at 25 degrees C) of two related measures of PFA were 13% and 21%, both of which differed significantly from zero. In contrast, heritability estimates for fluctuating asymmetry in the total number of anterior (0.7%) and transverse (2.4%) sternopleural bristles were smaller, not significant, and in quantitative agreement with previously published estimates. Heritabilities for bristle number (trait size) were considerably greater than that for any asymmetry measure. The experimental design controlled for the potentially confounding effects of common familial environment, and repeated testing revealed that PFA differences between lines were genetically stable for up to 16 generations in the laboratory at 25 degrees C. We performed line cross analysis between strains at the extremes of the PFA distribution (highest and lowest values); parental strains, F1, F1r (reciprocal), F2, backcross, and backcross reciprocal generations were represented. The inheritance of PFA was described best by additive and dominance effects localized to the X-chromosomes, whereas autosomal dominance effects were also detected. Epistatic, maternal, and cytoplasmic effects were not detected. The inheritance of trait size was notably more complex and involved significant autosomal additive, dominance, and epistatic effects; maternal dominance effects; and additive and dominance effects localized to the X-chromosomes. The additive genetic correlation between PFA and its associated measure of trait size was negative (-0.049), but not statistically significant, indicating that the loci contributing additive genetic effects to these traits are probably different. It is suggested that PFA may be a sensitive measure of developmental instability because PFA taps the ability of an organism to integrate interconnected developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Polak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA.
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Abstract
The appearance of non-metric skeletal characters in vertebrates results mainly from basic genetic control, as proved and documented for house mice and humans. Although the heritability of non-metric traits, mainly the presence of foramina and similar structures for blood vessels and nerves or dental occlusal variants, have been evaluated as rather low, the simultaneous consideration of several traits allows estimation of epigenetic variation in time and space as a result of genetic relationship. Thus, the main use of non-metric characters has been aimed at assessing epigenetic variability and divergence among populations. Applications extend from the problem of genetic isolation of populations, the lack of reproductive contact, detection of genetic drift, systematic studies to clarify species taxonomy, to phylogenetic interpretation. Additionally, non-directional deviations from bilateral symmetry in non-metric characters, e.g. fluctuating asymmetry, could be caused by current environmental conditions in general. Fluctuating asymmetry is regarded as a measure of developmental instability to indicate the presence of genomic changes or the influence of contamination and/or habitat deterioration, and is also used as a further population parameter with integrated information. However, standpoints on the use of fluctuating asymmetry are quite inconsistent, fluctuating themselves between considering it a powerful biomonitoring tool to being merely a curious scientific toy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ansorge
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany.
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Debat V, Alibert P, David P, Paradis E, Auffray JC. Independence between developmental stability and canalization in the skull of the house mouse. Proc Biol Sci 2000; 267:423-30. [PMID: 10737397 PMCID: PMC1690549 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the two components of developmental homeostasis, that is canalization and developmental stability (DS), is currently debated. To appraise this relationship, the levels and morphological patterns of interindividual variation and fluctuating asymmetry were assessed using a geometric morphometric approach applied to the skulls of laboratory samples of the house mouse. These three samples correspond to two random-bred strains of the two European subspecies of the house mouse and their F1 hybrids. The inter- and intraindividual variation levels were found to be smaller in the hybrid group compared to the parental ones, suggesting a common heterotic effect on skull canalization and DS. Both buffering mechanisms might then depend on the same genetic condition, i.e. the level of heterozygosity. However, related morphological patterns did not exhibit any congruence. In contradiction with previous studies on insect wing traits, we therefore suggest that canalization and DS may not act on the same morphological characters. The fact that this discrepancy could be related to the functional importance of the symmetry of the characters under consideration is discussed in the light of our knowledge of the genetic bases of both components of developmental homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Debat
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 CNRS, CC 064, Université Montpellier, France.
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Lu G, Bernatchez L. A study of fluctuating asymmetry in hybrids of dwarf and normal lake whitefish ecotypes (Coregonus clupeaformis) from different glacial races. Heredity (Edinb) 1999; 83 ( Pt 6):742-7. [PMID: 10651919 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.1999.00625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish ecotypes found in north temperate lakes are increasingly used as model organisms to explore patterns and processes of population divergence that may ultimately cause speciation. Processes involved in their reproductive isolation are, however, still poorly understood. Recent experimental studies on whitefish ecotypes from different glacial races revealed that embryonic mortality of hybrids was 2.4-4.7 times higher than for parental forms. In this study, we compared fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in morphological traits of these same hybrid and pure crosses to test the hypothesis that genetic stress observed in hybrids at embryonic stages is also manifested at later developmental stages. Twelve morphological traits were used to measure asymmetry. Variable degrees of asymmetry were observed depending on traits and crosses, however there was no significant difference in FA among crosses. These results thus provided no evidence in support of the working hypothesis and indicated that genetic stress may differ among life stages. It is more likely that high hybrid embryonic mortality acts together with ecological factors at later stages to increase further the extent of reproductive isolation between sympatric whitefish ecotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lu
- GIROQ, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
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Freeman DC, Graham JH, Tracy M, Emlen JM, Alados CL. Developmental Instability as a Means of Assessing Stress in Plants: A Case Study Using Electromagnetic Fields and Soybeans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 1999; 160:S157-S166. [PMID: 10572030 DOI: 10.1086/314213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Developmental instability is often assessed using deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry. Here, we review the literature describing previous studies, suggest mechanisms that may account for both the generation and disruption of bilateral symmetry, and examine the influence of electromagnetic fields on the asymmetry of soybean leaves. Leaves from plants under high-voltage power lines generating pulsed magnetic fields of <3 to >50 mG were more asymmetrical for two parameters (the terminal leaflet widths and lateral rachilla lengths) than leaves of plants even 50 or 100 m away from power lines. This asymmetry could not be attributed to either size scaling or measurement error.
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Derothe JM, Loubes C, Perriat-Sanguinet M, Orth A, Moulia C. Experimental trypanosomiasis of natural hybrids between house mouse subspecies. Int J Parasitol 1999; 29:1011-6. [PMID: 10501611 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study characterises the extent of the susceptibility to parasites (first demonstrated with helminths) of hybrids between Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus. Experimental infections with Trypanosoma musculi of M. m. domesticus, M. m. musculus and their natural hybrids have been performed to compare their level of resistance/susceptibility. It appears that contrary to the results with helminths, hybrid mice present the same level of resistance/susceptibility to the trypanosome as M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus individuals. This result is interpreted in the light of the modalities of host parasite interactions and leads us to hypothesise on the role of parasitism in the evolution of the house mouse hybrid zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Derothe
- Laboratoire Génome, Populations, Interactions, UPR 9060, Université Montpellier II, France
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48
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Abstract
Subtle departures from bilateral symmetry in morphological traits result from environmental and genetic stresses and may signal an inferior genetic background. Because one correlate of an inferior genome is reduced resistance to infection, such asymmetry may provide a phenotypic signal of susceptibility to parasitism. I tested this hypothesis in a population of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) with cestode and nematode infections and bilateral asymmetry of the pelvis. Seventeen percent of the fish had an asymmetrical pelvis and, of these, 78% had greater expression on the left side; this directionality suggests a genetic influence. Females had consistently greater left-side asymmetry than did males. The incidence of total infection (all parasite species) in the largest adult fish (> 60 mm body length) was greater in asymmetrical phenotypes, and this occurred in both sexes and for each parasite species (Schistocephalus solidus, Cyathocephalus truncatus, Eustrongylides spp.), even when multiple-species infections were excluded. Contrary to prediction, however, in juvenile fish (< 20 mm) and yearlings (20–40 mm) but not subadults and adults (40–60 mm), asymmetrical phenotypes had significantly lower infection rates than symmetrical fish. This pattern occurred in both sexes, but the extent of the association varied over the 14 years of sampling. Consequently, if the directional asymmetry of the pelvis is under genetic control, asymmetry would be favoured during early ontogeny but selected against during the adult stages. The data support the hypothesis that asymmetry is a phenotypic signal of parasitism, but the unexpected bidirectionality of the association within a single population suggests increased complexity of the processes coupling asymmetry and genetic background.
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49
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Auffray JC, Alibert P, Latieule C, Dod B. Relative warp analysis of skull shape across the hybrid zone of the house mouse (Mus musculus) in Denmark. J Zool (1987) 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Fel-Clair F, Lenormand T, Catalan J, Grobert J, Orth A, Boursot P, Viroux MC, Britton-Davidian J. Genomic incompatibilities in the hybrid zone between house mice in Denmark: evidence from steep and non-coincident chromosomal clines for Robertsonian fusions. Genet Res (Camb) 1996; 67:123-34. [PMID: 8801185 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672300033589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pattern of chromosomal variation is investigated in house mice from the Danish hybrid zone between the translocation-prone Mus musculus domesticus and the chromosomally conservative M. m. musculus. The cytogenetic analysis confirmed the non-introgression of three pairs of Robertsonian (Rb) fusions from M. m. domesticus into the M. m. musculus genome. The geographic distribution of two of these Rb fusions was shown to follow staggered chromosomal clines which increased in steepness the closer they were to the centre of the hybrid zone as defined by allozymes. Analysis of alternate hypotheses suggests that chromosomal differentiation of the Danish domesticus occurred after contact was established with musculus. The staggering of the clines would reflect the order of arrival of the Rb fusions into the hybrid zone. Several models with different processes of underdominance of the chromosomal heterozygotes are discussed to account for the difference in width between clines. A selective model with increasing levels of genomic underdominance due to interaction with a progressively enriched musculus genome provides the best fit for the observed pattern. Selection against Rb fusions with little effect on the recombination of linked allozyme markers supports the view that no reduction in gene flow due to chromosomal heterozygosity is yet apparent through the hybrid zone and that only the centromeric segments of the Rb fusions are incompatible with the musculus genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fel-Clair
- Laboratoire Génétique et Environnement, Université Montpellier II, France
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