1
|
Carbonne C, Comeau S, Plichon K, Schaub S, Gattuso JP, Teixidó N. Response of two temperate scleractinian corals to projected ocean warming and marine heatwaves. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231683. [PMID: 38545609 PMCID: PMC10966389 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is a hotspot of global change, particularly exposed to ocean warming and the increasing occurrence of marine heatwaves (MHWs). However, experiments based on long-term temperature data from the field are scarce. Here, we investigate the response of the zooxanthellate coral Cladocora caespitosa and the azooxanthellate coral Astroides calycularis to future warming and MHWs based on 8 years of in situ data. Corals were maintained in the laboratory for five months under four temperature conditions: Warming (3.2°C above the in situ mean from 2012 to 2020), Heatwave (temperatures of 2018 with two heatwaves), Ambient (in situ mean) and Cool (deeper water temperatures). Under the Warming treatment, some C. caespitosa colonies severely bleached and A. calycularis colonies presented necrosis. Cladocora caespitosa symbiosis was impaired by temperature with a decrease in the density of endosymbiotic algae and an increase in per cent whiteness in all the treatments except for the coolest. Recovery for both species was observed through different mechanisms such as regrowth of polyps of A. calycularis and recovery of pigmentation for C. caespitosa. These results suggest that A. calycularis and C. caespitosa may be resilient to heat stress and can recover from physiological stresses caused by heatwaves in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Carbonne
- CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 181 chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer, Monaco06230, France
| | - Steeve Comeau
- CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 181 chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer, Monaco06230, France
| | - Keyla Plichon
- CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 181 chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer, Monaco06230, France
- MSc MARRES, Université Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis Campus, Nice06103, France
| | - Sébastien Schaub
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 181 chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer, Monaco06230, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 181 chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer, Monaco06230, France
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, Paris75007, France
| | - Núria Teixidó
- CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 181 chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer, Monaco06230, France
- Department of Integrated Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia Marine Centre, Punta San Pietro, Ischia, Naples80077, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
D'Alessandro M, Gambi MC, Bazzarro M, Caruso C, Di Bella M, Esposito V, Gattuso A, Giacobbe S, Kralj M, Italiano F, Lazzaro G, Sabatino G, Urbini L, Vittor CD. Characterization of an undocumented CO2 hydrothermal vent system in the Mediterranean Sea: Implications for ocean acidification forecasting. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292593. [PMID: 38329978 PMCID: PMC10852272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A previously undocumented shallow water hydrothermal field from Sicily (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) is here described, based on a multidisciplinary investigation. The field, covering an area of nearly 8000 m2 and a depth from the surface to -5 m, was explored in June 2021 to characterise the main physico-chemical features of the water column, describe the bottom topography and features, and identify the main megabenthic and nektonic species. Twenty sites were investigated to characterise the carbonate system. Values of pH ranged between 7.84 and 8.04, ΩCa between 3.68 and 5.24 and ΩAr from 2.41 to 3.44. Geochemical analyses of hydrothermal gases revealed a dominance of CO2 (98.1%) together with small amounts of oxygen and reactive gases. Helium isotope ratios (R/Ra = 2.51) and δ13CCO2 suggest an inorganic origin of hydrothermal degassing of CO2 and the ascent of heat and deep-seated magmatic fluids to the surface. Visual census of fishes and megabenthos (mainly sessile organisms) allowed the identification of 64 species, four of which are protected by the SPA/BIO Protocol and two by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The macroalgae Halopteris scoparia and Jania rubens and the sponge Sarcotragus sp. were the dominant taxa in the area, while among fishes Coris julis and Chromis chromis were the most abundant species. This preliminary investigation of San Giorgio vent field suggests that the site could be of interest and suitable for future experimental studies of ocean acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matteo Bazzarro
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caruso
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - INGV, Palermo e Sede Operativa di Milazzo, Milazzo, Italy
| | - Marcella Di Bella
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
- Sede Territoriale Sicilia, Department of Integrated Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Milazzo, Italy
| | - Valentina Esposito
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources Department, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gattuso
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - INGV, Palermo e Sede Operativa di Milazzo, Milazzo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giacobbe
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Martina Kralj
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Italiano
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - INGV, Palermo e Sede Operativa di Milazzo, Milazzo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lazzaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - INGV, Palermo e Sede Operativa di Milazzo, Milazzo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sabatino
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lidia Urbini
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cinzia De Vittor
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soru S, Berlino M, Sarà G, Mangano MC, De Vittor C, Pusceddu A. Effects of acidification on the biogeochemistry of unvegetated and seagrass marine sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115983. [PMID: 38277962 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Many studies addressed ocean acidification (OA) effects on marine life, whereas its effects on sedimentary organic matter (OM) have received less attention. We investigated differences in OM features in sediments from unvegetated and seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) beds in a shallow hydrothermal area (Aeolian Archipelago, Mediterranean Sea), under natural (8.1-8.0) and acidified (7.8-7.9) conditions. We show that a pH difference of -0.3 units have minor effects on OM features in unvegetated sediments, but relevant consequences within acidified seagrass meadows, where OM quantity and nutritional quality are lower than those under natural pH conditions. Effects of acidified conditions on OM biogeochemistry vary between unvegetated and seagrass sediments, with lower C degradation rates and longer C turnover time in the former than in the latter. We conclude that OA, although with effects not consistent between unvegetated and vegetated sediments, can affect OM quantity, composition, and degradation, thus having possible far-reaching consequences for benthic trophic webs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santina Soru
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Manuel Berlino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Mangano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Cinzia De Vittor
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, 34010 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Antonio Pusceddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Teixidó N, Carlot J, Alliouane S, Ballesteros E, De Vittor C, Gambi MC, Gattuso JP, Kroeker K, Micheli F, Mirasole A, Parravacini V, Villéger S. Functional changes across marine habitats due to ocean acidification. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17105. [PMID: 38273554 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Global environmental change drives diversity loss and shifts in community structure. A key challenge is to better understand the impacts on ecosystem function and to connect species and trait diversity of assemblages with ecosystem properties that are in turn linked to ecosystem functioning. Here we quantify shifts in species composition and trait diversity associated with ocean acidification (OA) by using field measurements at marine CO2 vent systems spanning four reef habitats across different depths in a temperate coastal ecosystem. We find that both species and trait diversity decreased, and that ecosystem properties (understood as the interplay between species, traits, and ecosystem function) shifted with acidification. Furthermore, shifts in trait categories such as autotrophs, filter feeders, herbivores, and habitat-forming species were habitat-specific, indicating that OA may produce divergent responses across habitats and depths. Combined, these findings reveal the importance of connecting species and trait diversity of marine benthic habitats with key ecosystem properties to anticipate the impacts of global environmental change. Our results also generate new insights on the predicted general and habitat-specific ecological consequences of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Núria Teixidó
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Ischia Marine Center, Naples, Italy
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Jérémy Carlot
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Samir Alliouane
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | | | - Cinzia De Vittor
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics-OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, Paris, France
| | - Kristy Kroeker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Oceans Department, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, USA
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Pacific Grove, California, USA
| | - Alice Mirasole
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Ischia Marine Center, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeriano Parravacini
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Sébastien Villéger
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS-IRD-IFREMER-UM, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Illa-López L, Cabrito A, de Juan S, Maynou F, Demestre M. Distribution of rhodolith beds and their functional biodiversity characterisation using ROV images in the western Mediterranean Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167270. [PMID: 37741380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Underwater biogenic habitats composed of unattached calcified red algae, named as rhodolith or maërl beds, may extant either alive or dead, over the seabed. The accumulation of rhodoliths constitute three-dimensional structured biogenic habitats that harbour high diversity of benthic organisms. In the Mediterranean Sea, rhodolith beds can be found between ca. 50 and 100 m, increasing diversity of the continental shelf habitats and their conservation value. Despite the remarkable relevance of these habitats, information regarding their spatial distribution in the western Mediterranean is scarce. In addition, these habitats are threatened by a range of anthropogenic activities and by climate-driven changes. In this study, we explored areas with rhodoliths' occurrence from the north to the south of the east coast of Spain. By feeding video recording data into a spatial distribution model, we assessed which biophysical drivers: (i) shape the spatial variation in the abundance of rhodoliths and (ii) define the assemblages of the biological traits and functional richness of the associated epibenthic fauna recorded by video. In addition, we examined the impact of fishing activities on these habitats. Our results evidenced that 'Depth' and 'Temperature' were important environmental factors explaining rhodoliths variation, and we defined their optimal distribution range in the western Mediterranean. The biological traits approach showed significant effects of the geographical location of rhodolith beds and their small-scale spatial heterogeneity on the functional richness index. Indeed, the lowest functional richness value was observed in the area closer to trawl fishing which could be related to habitat degradation due to trawling. This study contributes to the knowledge of deep-water rhodolith beds in the western Mediterranean and reinforce the importance of rhodolith beds in continental shelves as these constitute heterogeneous seabed habitats that harbour a high species and functional diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Illa-López
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrea Cabrito
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia de Juan
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA-CSIC), Carrer Miquel Marquès 21, Esporles, Spain
| | - Francesc Maynou
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Demestre
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
González-Delgado S, Wangensteen OS, Sangil C, Hernández CA, Alfonso B, Soto AZ, Pérez-Portela R, Mariani S, Hernández JC. High taxonomic diversity and miniaturization in benthic communities under persistent natural CO 2 disturbances. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222417. [PMID: 36987638 PMCID: PMC10050917 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabarcoding techniques have revolutionized ecological research in recent years, facilitating the differentiation of cryptic species and revealing previously hidden diversity. In the current scenario of climate change and ocean acidification, biodiversity loss is one of the main threats to marine ecosystems. Here, we explored the effects of ocean acidification on marine benthic communities using DNA metabarcoding to assess the diversity of algae and metazoans. Specifically, we examined the natural pH gradient generated by the Fuencaliente CO2 vent system, located near La Palma Island (Canary Islands). High-resolution COI metabarcoding analyses revealed high levels of taxonomic diversity in an acidified natural area for the first time. This high number of species arises from the detection of small and cryptic species that were previously undetectable by other techniques. Such species are apparently tolerant to the acidification levels expected in future oceans. Hence and following our results, future subtropical communities are expected to keep high biodiversity values under an acidification scenario, although they will tend toward overall miniaturization due to the dominance of small algal and invertebrate species, leading to changes in ecosystem functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara González-Delgado
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Owen S. Wangensteen
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Sangil
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Celso A. Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Beatriz Alfonso
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ana Z. Soto
- Apis Assay Technologies Ltd, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Rocío Pérez-Portela
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Mariani
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - José Carlos Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alós J, Aarestrup K, Abecasis D, Afonso P, Alonso-Fernandez A, Aspillaga E, Barcelo-Serra M, Bolland J, Cabanellas-Reboredo M, Lennox R, McGill R, Özgül A, Reubens J, Villegas-Ríos D. Toward a decade of ocean science for sustainable development through acoustic animal tracking. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5630-5653. [PMID: 35929978 PMCID: PMC9541420 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ocean is a key component of the Earth's dynamics, providing a great variety of ecosystem services to humans. Yet, human activities are globally changing its structure and major components, including marine biodiversity. In this context, the United Nations has proclaimed a Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development to tackle the scientific challenges necessary for a sustainable use of the ocean by means of the Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG14). Here, we review how Acoustic animal Tracking, a widely distributed methodology of tracking marine biodiversity with electronic devices, can provide a roadmap for implementing the major Actions to achieve the SDG14. We show that acoustic tracking can be used to reduce and monitor the effects of marine pollution including noise, light, and plastic pollution. Acoustic tracking can be effectively used to monitor the responses of marine biodiversity to human-made infrastructures and habitat restoration, as well as to determine the effects of hypoxia, ocean warming, and acidification. Acoustic tracking has been historically used to inform fisheries management, the design of marine protected areas, and the detection of essential habitats, rendering this technique particularly attractive to achieve the sustainable fishing and spatial protection target goals of the SDG14. Finally, acoustic tracking can contribute to end illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing by providing tools to monitor marine biodiversity against poachers and promote the development of Small Islands Developing States and developing countries. To fully benefit from acoustic tracking supporting the SDG14 Targets, trans-boundary collaborative efforts through tracking networks are required to promote ocean information sharing and ocean literacy. We therefore propose acoustic tracking and tracking networks as relevant contributors to tackle the scientific challenges that are necessary for a sustainable use of the ocean promoted by the United Nations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Alós
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - David Abecasis
- Center of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve (CCMAR), Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Afonso
- Institute of Marine Research (IMAR/Okeanos), University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
| | | | - Eneko Aspillaga
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan Bolland
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Robert Lennox
- NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Aytaç Özgül
- Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - David Villegas-Ríos
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Structural and Functional Analyses of Motile Fauna Associated with Cystoseira brachycarpa along a Gradient of Ocean Acidification in a CO2-Vent System off Panarea (Aeolian Islands, Italy). JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA), one of the main climate-change-related stressors linked to increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, is considered an important threat to marine biodiversity and habitats. Studies on CO2-vents systems, naturally acidified environments that mimic future ocean scenarios, help to explore the sensitivity of species and to understand how benthic communities rearrange their structure and functioning under the pressure of OA. We addressed this problem by studying the benthic invertebrates associated with a habitat-forming brown alga (Cystoseira brachycarpa) in the Bottaro crater vents system off Panarea island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy), by sampling along an OA gradient from the proximity of the main venting area (station B3, pH 7.9) to a control zone (B1 station, pH 8.1). Samples were collected in September 2016 and 2018. A total of 184 taxa and 23 different functional traits have been identified, considering feeding habit, motility, size, reproductive and developmental biology, and occurrence of calcareous structures. Invertebrates are distributed according to the distance from the high venting zone and low pH levels and results very consistent between the two investigated years. In the low-pH area (B3), 43% of the species are selected. The functional traits of the fauna mirror this zonation pattern, mainly changing the relative proportion of the number of individuals of the various functional guilds along the OA gradient. Invertebrates inhabiting the low-pH zone are mainly composed of weakly or non-calcified species, with small size, burrower/tubicolous habit, omnivorous or suspension feeders, and with direct development and brooding habit. In the other stations, heavily calcified forms, herbivore and herbivore/detritivore, and with medium (1–5 cm) and large (>5 cm) sizes prevail, showing indirect benthic and planktic development. The taxonomic analysis, coupled with functional aspects, increases our prediction of which traits could be potentially more advantageous for species to adapt to the hypothesized scenarios of OA, and identify present and future winner and/or loser organisms in the future ocean of the Anthropocene.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fanelli E, Di Giacomo S, Gambi C, Bianchelli S, Da Ros Z, Tangherlini M, Andaloro F, Romeo T, Corinaldesi C, Danovaro R. Effects of Local Acidification on Benthic Communities at Shallow Hydrothermal Vents of the Aeolian Islands (Southern Tyrrhenian, Mediterranean Sea). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020321. [PMID: 35205186 PMCID: PMC8868750 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The Aeolian Islands (Mediterranean Sea) host a unique hydrothermal system called the "Smoking Land" due to the presence of over 200 volcanic CO2-vents, resulting in water acidification phenomena and the creation of an acidified benthic environment. Here, we report the results of a study conducted at three sites located at ca. 16, 40, and 80 m of depth, and characterized by CO2 emissions to assess the effects of acidification on meio- and macrobenthic assemblages. Acidification caused significant changes in both meio- and macrofaunal assemblages, with a clear decrease in terms of abundance and a shift in community composition. A noticeable reduction in biomass was observed only for macrofauna. The most sensitive meiofaunal taxa were kinorhynchs and turbellarians that disappeared at the CO2 sites, while the abundance of halacarids and ostracods increased, possibly as a result of the larger food availability and the lower predatory pressures by the sensitive meiofaunal and macrofaunal taxa. Sediment acidification also causes the disappearance of more sensitive macrofaunal taxa, such as gastropods, and the increase in tolerant taxa such as oligochaetes. We conclude that the effects of shallow CO2-vents result in the progressive simplification of community structure and biodiversity loss due to the disappearance of the most sensitive meio- and macrofaunal taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Fanelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.D.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (Z.D.R.); (R.D.)
- Stazione Zoologica di Napoli Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80100 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (F.A.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simone Di Giacomo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.D.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (Z.D.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Cristina Gambi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.D.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (Z.D.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Silvia Bianchelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.D.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (Z.D.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Zaira Da Ros
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.D.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (Z.D.R.); (R.D.)
- Stazione Zoologica di Napoli Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80100 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (F.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Michael Tangherlini
- Stazione Zoologica di Napoli Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80100 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (F.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Franco Andaloro
- Stazione Zoologica di Napoli Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80100 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (F.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Teresa Romeo
- Stazione Zoologica di Napoli Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80100 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (F.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.D.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (Z.D.R.); (R.D.)
- Stazione Zoologica di Napoli Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80100 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (F.A.); (T.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ecological and Biotechnological Relevance of Mediterranean Hydrothermal Vent Systems. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Marine hydrothermal systems are a special kind of extreme environments associated with submarine volcanic activity and characterized by harsh chemo-physical conditions, in terms of hot temperature, high concentrations of CO2 and H2S, and low pH. Such conditions strongly impact the living organisms, which have to develop adaptation strategies to survive. Hydrothermal systems have attracted the interest of researchers due to their enormous ecological and biotechnological relevance. From ecological perspective, these acidified habitats are useful natural laboratories to predict the effects of global environmental changes, such as ocean acidification at ecosystem level, through the observation of the marine organism responses to environmental extremes. In addition, hydrothermal vents are known as optimal sources for isolation of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microbes, with biotechnological potential. This double aspect is the focus of this review, which aims at providing a picture of the ecological features of the main Mediterranean hydrothermal vents. The physiological responses, abundance, and distribution of biotic components are elucidated, by focusing on the necto-benthic fauna and prokaryotic communities recognized to possess pivotal role in the marine ecosystem dynamics and as indicator species. The scientific interest in hydrothermal vents will be also reviewed by pointing out their relevance as source of bioactive molecules.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ocean Acidification, but Not Environmental Contaminants, Affects Fertilization Success and Sperm Motility in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ocean acidification poses an increasing concern for broadcast spawning species that release gametes in the water column where fertilization occurs. Indeed, the functionality of gametes and their interactions may be negatively affected by reduced pH. Susceptibility to other environmental stressors, such as pollutants, may be also altered under acidified conditions, resulting in more detrimental effects. To verify this hypothesis, combined exposures to CO2-driven acidification and environmentally relevant concentrations (0.5 µg/L) of three contaminants (caffeine, diclofenac, and PFOS, all singularly or in mixture) were carried out to highlight potential negative effects on fertilization success and motility of sperm in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Our results showed a significant reduction in the percentage of fertilized eggs when sperm were pre-exposed to reduced pH (ambient pH minus 0.4 units) compared to that of controls (ambient, pH = 8.1). Sperm speed and motility also decreased when sperm were activated and then exposed at reduced pH. Conversely, at both pH values tested, no significant effect due to the contaminants, nor of their interaction with pH, was found on any of the biological endpoints considered.
Collapse
|
12
|
Peña V, Harvey BP, Agostini S, Porzio L, Milazzo M, Horta P, Le Gall L, Hall-Spencer JM. Major loss of coralline algal diversity in response to ocean acidification. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4785-4798. [PMID: 34268846 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcified coralline algae are ecologically important in rocky habitats in the marine photic zone worldwide and there is growing concern that ocean acidification will severely impact them. Laboratory studies of these algae in simulated ocean acidification conditions have revealed wide variability in growth, photosynthesis and calcification responses, making it difficult to assess their future biodiversity, abundance and contribution to ecosystem function. Here, we apply molecular systematic tools to assess the impact of natural gradients in seawater carbonate chemistry on the biodiversity of coralline algae in the Mediterranean and the NW Pacific, link this to their evolutionary history and evaluate their potential future biodiversity and abundance. We found a decrease in the taxonomic diversity of coralline algae with increasing acidification with more than half of the species lost in high pCO2 conditions. Sporolithales is the oldest order (Lower Cretaceous) and diversified when ocean chemistry favoured low Mg calcite deposition; it is less diverse today and was the most sensitive to ocean acidification. Corallinales were also reduced in cover and diversity but several species survived at high pCO2 ; it is the most recent order of coralline algae and originated when ocean chemistry favoured aragonite and high Mg calcite deposition. The sharp decline in cover and thickness of coralline algal carbonate deposits at high pCO2 highlighted their lower fitness in response to ocean acidification. Reductions in CO2 emissions are needed to limit the risk of losing coralline algal diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Peña
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Ben P Harvey
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sylvain Agostini
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Lucia Porzio
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paulo Horta
- Laboratory of Phycology, Department of Botany, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Line Le Gall
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bevilacqua S, Airoldi L, Ballesteros E, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Boero F, Bulleri F, Cebrian E, Cerrano C, Claudet J, Colloca F, Coppari M, Di Franco A, Fraschetti S, Garrabou J, Guarnieri G, Guerranti C, Guidetti P, Halpern BS, Katsanevakis S, Mangano MC, Micheli F, Milazzo M, Pusceddu A, Renzi M, Rilov G, Sarà G, Terlizzi A. Mediterranean rocky reefs in the Anthropocene: Present status and future concerns. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2021; 89:1-51. [PMID: 34583814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global change is striking harder and faster in the Mediterranean Sea than elsewhere, where high levels of human pressure and proneness to climate change interact in modifying the structure and disrupting regulative mechanisms of marine ecosystems. Rocky reefs are particularly exposed to such environmental changes with ongoing trends of degradation being impressive. Due to the variety of habitat types and associated marine biodiversity, rocky reefs are critical for the functioning of marine ecosystems, and their decline could profoundly affect the provision of essential goods and services which human populations in coastal areas rely upon. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of the status of rocky reefs, trends in human-driven changes undermining their integrity, and current and upcoming management and conservation strategies, attempting a projection on what could be the future of this essential component of Mediterranean marine ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislao Bevilacqua
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Stazione Idrobiologica di Chioggia "Umberto D'Ancona", Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Boero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy; National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emma Cebrian
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes-CSIC, Girona, Spain
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Colloca
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn-National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Coppari
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Joaquim Garrabou
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Guarnieri
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Guidetti
- National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Genoa, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn-National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Naples, Italy
| | - Benjamin S Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | | | - Maria Cristina Mangano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station and Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, United States
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pusceddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Terlizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Di Giglio S, Agüera A, Pernet P, M'Zoudi S, Angulo-Preckler C, Avila C, Dubois P. Effects of ocean acidification on acid-base physiology, skeleton properties, and metal contamination in two echinoderms from vent sites in Deception Island, Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142669. [PMID: 33268256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic surface waters are expected to be the first to experience severe ocean acidification (OA) with carbonate undersaturation and large decreases in pH forecasted before the end of this century. Due to the long stability in environmental conditions and the relatively low daily and seasonal variations to which they are exposed, Antarctic marine organisms, especially those with a supposedly poor machinery to eliminate CO2 and protons and with a heavily calcified skeleton like echinoderms, are hypothesized as highly vulnerable to these environmental shifts. The opportunities offered by the natural pH gradient generated by vent activities in Deception Island caldera, Western Antarctic Peninsula, were used to investigate for the first time the acid-base physiologies, the impact of OA on the skeleton and the impact of pH on metal accumulation in the Antarctic sea star Odontaster validus and sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. The two species were sampled in four stations within the caldera, two at pH (total scale) 8.0-8.1 and two at reduced pH 7.8. Measured variables were pH, alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic carbon of the coelomic fluid; characteristic fracture force, stress and Young's modulus using Weibull statistics and Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn concentrations in the integument, gonads and digestive system. Recorded acid-base characteristics of both studied species fit in the general picture deduced from temperate and tropical sea stars and sea urchins but conditions and possibly confounding factors, principally food availability and quality, in the studied stations prevented definitive conclusions. Reduced seawater pH 7.8 and metals had almost no impact on the skeleton mechanical properties of the two investigated species despite very high Cd concentrations in O. validus integument. Reduced pH was correlated to increased contamination by most metals but this relation was weak. Translocation and caging experiments taking into account food parameters are proposed to better understand future processes linked to ocean acidification and metal contamination in Antarctic echinoderms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Di Giglio
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/15, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - A Agüera
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/15, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Institute of Marine Research in Norway, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, 5392, Norway
| | - Ph Pernet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/15, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - S M'Zoudi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/15, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - C Angulo-Preckler
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - C Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ph Dubois
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/15, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Seawater Acidification Affects Beta-Diversity of Benthic Communities at a Shallow Hydrothermal Vent in a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area (Underwater Archaeological Park of Baia, Naples, Italy). DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12120464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important pieces of climate change evidence is ocean acidification. Acidification effects on marine organisms are widely studied, while very little is known regarding its effects on assemblages’ β-diversity. In this framework, shallow hydrothermal vents within a Marine Protected Area (MPA) represent natural ecosystems acting as laboratory set-ups where the continuous carbon dioxide emissions affect assemblages with consequences that can be reasonably comparable to the effects of global water acidification. The aim of the present study is to test the impact of seawater acidification on the β-diversity of soft-bottom assemblages in a shallow vent field located in the Underwater Archeological Park of Baia MPA (Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea). We investigated macro- and meiofauna communities of the ‘Secca delle fumose’ vent system in sites characterized by sulfurous (G) and carbon dioxide emissions (H) that are compared with control/inactive sites (CN and CS). Statistical analyses were performed on the most represented macrobenthic (Mollusca, Polychaeta, and Crustacea), and meiobenthic (Nematoda) taxa. Results show that the lowest synecological values are detected at H and, to a lesser extent, at G. Multivariate analyses show significant differences between hydrothermal vents (G, H) and control/inactive sites; the highest small-scale heterogeneities (measure of β-diversity) are detected at sites H and G and are mainly affected by pH, TOC (Total Organic Carbon), and cations concentrations. Such findings are probably related to acidification effects, since MPA excludes anthropic impacts. In particular, acidification markedly affects β-diversity and an increase in heterogeneity among sample replicates coupled to a decrease in number of taxa is an indicator of redundancy loss and, thus, of resilience capacity. The survival is assured to either tolerant species or those opportunistic taxa that can find good environmental conditions among gravels of sand.
Collapse
|
16
|
Diaz-Pulido G, Barrón C. CO 2 Enrichment Stimulates Dissolved Organic Carbon Release in Coral Reef Macroalgae. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:1039-1052. [PMID: 32279320 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released by macroalgae is important in the context of coral reef degradation as it contributes to coral mortality by promoting bacterial metabolism on the coral surface. Using experimental carbon dioxide (CO2 ) manipulations in outdoor flow-through tanks, we found that seawater CO2 enrichment enhances daily net DOC release in a range of macroalgal species in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia). There was, however, large variability in DOC release among species, light and dark conditions, and CO2 exposure times. Under light conditions, DOC release in the red macroalga Amansia was 15 times higher under high CO2 conditions compared to ambient CO2 , however, CO2 enhancement did not affect DOC production in the other species. Results from the night incubations were more consistent as three of the four species (Amansia, Lobophora, and Sargassum) enhanced DOC release when enriched with CO2 . DOC fluxes shifted from production in the 1-d incubations to consumption in the 19-d experiment under light conditions, suggesting an important role of bacteria in DOC balances. The results suggest that rising CO2 (and ocean acidification) will continue to intensify space competition in favor of the macroalgae, potentially exacerbating reef degradation and ecological phase shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Diaz-Pulido
- School of Environment and Science, and Australian Rivers Institute - Coast & Estuaries, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Cristina Barrón
- School of Environment and Science, and Australian Rivers Institute - Coast & Estuaries, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
De Jode A, David R, Haguenauer A, Cahill AE, Erga Z, Guillemain D, Sartoretto S, Rocher C, Selva M, Le Gall L, Féral JP, Chenuil A. From seascape ecology to population genomics and back. Spatial and ecological differentiation among cryptic species of the red algae Lithophyllum stictiforme/L. cabiochiae, main bioconstructors of coralligenous habitats. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 137:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
18
|
Milazzo M, Alessi C, Quattrocchi F, Chemello R, D'Agostaro R, Gil J, Vaccaro AM, Mirto S, Gristina M, Badalamenti F. Biogenic habitat shifts under long-term ocean acidification show nonlinear community responses and unbalanced functions of associated invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 667:41-48. [PMID: 30825820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Experiments have shown that increasing dissolved CO2 concentrations (i.e. Ocean Acidification, OA) in marine ecosystems may act as nutrient for primary producers (e.g. fleshy algae) or a stressor for calcifying species (e.g., coralline algae, corals, molluscs). For the first time, rapid habitat dominance shifts and altered competitive replacement from a reef-forming to a non-reef-forming biogenic habitat were documented over one-year exposure to low pH/high CO2 through a transplant experiment off Vulcano Island CO2 seeps (NE Sicily, Italy). Ocean acidification decreased vermetid reefs complexity via a reduction in the reef-building species density, boosted canopy macroalgae and led to changes in composition, structure and functional diversity of the associated benthic assemblages. OA effects on invertebrate richness and abundance were nonlinear, being maximal at intermediate complexity levels of vermetid reefs and canopy forming algae. Abundance of higher order consumers (e.g. carnivores, suspension feeders) decreased under elevated CO2 levels. Herbivores were non-linearly related to OA conditions, with increasing competitive release only of minor intertidal grazers (e.g. amphipods) under elevated CO2 levels. Our results support the dual role of CO2 (as a stressor and as a resource) in disrupting the state of rocky shore communities, and raise specific concerns about the future of intertidal reef ecosystem under increasing CO2 emissions. We contribute to inform predictions of the complex and nonlinear community effects of OA on biogenic habitats, but at the same time encourage the use of multiple natural CO2 gradients in providing quantitative data on changing community responses to long-term CO2 exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Milazzo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; National Inter-University Consortium for Marine Sciences (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy.
| | - C Alessi
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Quattrocchi
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies - National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Mazara del Vallo, TP, Italy
| | - R Chemello
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; National Inter-University Consortium for Marine Sciences (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy
| | - R D'Agostaro
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - J Gil
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes - Spanish National Research Council (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - A M Vaccaro
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Mirto
- Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council of Italy (IAS-CNR), Via da Verrazzano 17, I-91014 Castellammare del Golfo, TP, Italy
| | - M Gristina
- Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council of Italy (IAS-CNR), Via da Verrazzano 17, I-91014 Castellammare del Golfo, TP, Italy
| | - F Badalamenti
- Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council of Italy (IAS-CNR), Via da Verrazzano 17, I-91014 Castellammare del Golfo, TP, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ingrassia M, Martorelli E, Sañé E, Falese FG, Bosman A, Bonifazi A, Argenti L, Chiocci FL. Coralline algae on hard and soft substrata of a temperate mixed siliciclastic-carbonatic platform: Sensitive assemblages in the Zannone area (western Pontine Archipelago; Tyrrhenian Sea). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 147:1-12. [PMID: 30975466 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean Sea, coralline algae assemblages (i.e. rhodolith beds and coralligenous assemblages) are considered biodiversity hotspots comparable to tropical reefs. However, information regarding their environmental distribution is still poor. In this view, relevant international actions have been adopted by the European Union to fill this gap. This work represents one of a few cases of predictive (fine-scale) habitats distribution map obtained through an integrated semi-automatic approach based on bathymetry, backscatter, seismic profiles, video, and sampling data. The used method has permitted the identification of nine morphological zones, four backscatter facies, and four benthic habitats distributed on the Zannone seafloor (western Pontine Archipelago; Tyrrhenian Sea). In particular, the finding of widespread sensitive habitats (i.e. coralligenous assemblages and rhodolith beds) reveals as the marine area off the western Pontine Archipelago (Tyrrhenian Sea) is highly suitable for their development (distance from the mainland, lack of river mouths), confirming the relevant ecological value of the Zannone area. Therefore, such information constitutes an update to the Mediterranean habitats distribution inventory, highlighting the need for the application of protection actions possibly targeted in the establishment of a Marine Protected Area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ingrassia
- CNR-IGAG (Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria), UOS Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Martorelli
- CNR-IGAG (Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria), UOS Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - E Sañé
- Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - F G Falese
- CNR-IGAG (Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria), UOS Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A Bosman
- CNR-IGAG (Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria), UOS Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A Bonifazi
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Tor Vergata University, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - L Argenti
- Via Clarice Tartufari 161, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - F L Chiocci
- Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ocean acidification impacts on coastal ecosystem services due to habitat degradation. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:197-206. [PMID: 33523154 PMCID: PMC7289009 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is changing seawater chemistry in a process known as ocean acidification. The chemistry of this rapid change in surface waters is well understood and readily detectable in oceanic observations, yet there is uncertainty about the effects of ocean acidification on society since it is difficult to scale-up from laboratory and mesocosm tests. Here, we provide a synthesis of the likely effects of ocean acidification on ecosystem properties, functions and services based on observations along natural gradients in pCO2. Studies at CO2 seeps worldwide show that biogenic habitats are particularly sensitive to ocean acidification and that their degradation results in less coastal protection and less habitat provisioning for fisheries. The risks to marine goods and services amplify with increasing acidification causing shifts to macroalgal dominance, habitat degradation and a loss of biodiversity at seep sites in the tropics, the sub-tropics and on temperate coasts. Based on this empirical evidence, we expect ocean acidification to have serious consequences for the millions of people who are dependent on coastal protection, fisheries and aquaculture. If humanity is able to make cuts in fossil fuel emissions, this will reduce costs to society and avoid the changes in coastal ecosystems seen in areas with projected pCO2 levels. A binding international agreement for the oceans should build on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal to 'minimise and address the impacts of ocean acidification'.
Collapse
|
21
|
Vergés A, McCosker E, Mayer‐Pinto M, Coleman MA, Wernberg T, Ainsworth T, Steinberg PD. Tropicalisation of temperate reefs: Implications for ecosystem functions and management actions. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Science & Innovation and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Mosman New South Wales Australia
| | - Erin McCosker
- Centre for Marine Science & Innovation and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Mosman New South Wales Australia
| | - Mariana Mayer‐Pinto
- Centre for Marine Science & Innovation and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Mosman New South Wales Australia
| | - Melinda A. Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries New South Wales Fisheries Coffs Harbour, New South Wales Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University Coffs Harbour, New South Wales Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- School of Biological Sciences, UWA Oceans Institute University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- Department of Science and Environment (DSE) Roskilde University Roskilde Denmark
| | - Tracy Ainsworth
- Centre for Marine Science & Innovation and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Mosman New South Wales Australia
| | - Peter D. Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Science & Innovation and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Mosman New South Wales Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering Nanyang Technical University Singapore City Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu D, Brennan G, Xu L, Zhang XW, Fan X, Han WT, Mock T, McMinn A, Hutchins DA, Ye N. Ocean acidification increases iodine accumulation in kelp-based coastal food webs. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:629-639. [PMID: 30295390 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Kelp are main iodine accumulators in the ocean, and their growth and photosynthesis are likely to benefit from elevated seawater CO2 levels due to ocean acidification. However, there are currently no data on the effects of ocean acidification on iodine metabolism in kelp. As key primary producers in coastal ecosystems worldwide, any change in their iodine metabolism caused by climate change will potentially have important consequences for global geochemical cycles of iodine, including iodine levels of coastal food webs that underpin the nutrition of billions of humans around the world. Here, we found that elevated pCO2 enhanced growth and increased iodine accumulation not only in the model kelp Saccharina japonica using both short-term laboratory experiment and long-term in situ mesocosms, but also in several other edible and ecologically significant seaweeds using long-term in situ mesocosms. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of S. japonica revealed that most vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase genes involved in iodine efflux during oxidative stress are down-regulated under increasing pCO2 , suggesting that ocean acidification alleviates oxidative stress in kelp, which might contribute to their enhanced growth. When consumed by abalone (Haliotis discus), elevated iodine concentrations in S. japonica caused increased iodine accumulation in abalone, accompanied by reduced synthesis of thyroid hormones. Thus, our results suggest that kelp will benefit from ocean acidification by a reduction in environmental stress however; iodine levels, in kelp-based coastal food webs will increase, with potential impacts on biogeochemical cycles of iodine in coastal ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Georgina Brennan
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Le Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao W Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen T Han
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Thomas Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew McMinn
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - David A Hutchins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Naihao Ye
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Disturbance in Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems and Linkages to Conservation and Management. CORAL REEFS OF THE WORLD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92735-0_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
24
|
Teixidó N, Gambi MC, Parravacini V, Kroeker K, Micheli F, Villéger S, Ballesteros E. Functional biodiversity loss along natural CO 2 gradients. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5149. [PMID: 30531929 PMCID: PMC6288110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of environmental change on biodiversity are still poorly understood. In particular, the consequences of shifts in species composition for marine ecosystem function are largely unknown. Here we assess the loss of functional diversity, i.e. the range of species biological traits, in benthic marine communities exposed to ocean acidification (OA) by using natural CO2 vent systems. We found that functional richness is greatly reduced with acidification, and that functional loss is more pronounced than the corresponding decrease in taxonomic diversity. In acidified conditions, most organisms accounted for a few functional entities (i.e. unique combination of functional traits), resulting in low functional redundancy. These results suggest that functional richness is not buffered by functional redundancy under OA, even in highly diverse assemblages, such as rocky benthic communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Teixidó
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center, Punta San Pietro Ischia, 80077, Naples, Italy.
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA.
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Maria Cristina Gambi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center, Punta San Pietro Ischia, 80077, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeriano Parravacini
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CRIOBE, USR 3278, PSL-EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, LABEX Corail, University of Perpignan, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Kristy Kroeker
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
| | - Sebastien Villéger
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-IRD-IFREMER, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Enric Ballesteros
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes - CSIC, Blanes, 17300, Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
González-Delgado S, Hernández JC. The Importance of Natural Acidified Systems in the Study of Ocean Acidification: What Have We Learned? ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2018; 80:57-99. [PMID: 30368306 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human activity is generating an excess of atmospheric CO2, resulting in what we know as ocean acidification, which produces changes in marine ecosystems. Until recently, most of the research in this area had been done under small-scale, laboratory conditions, using few variables, few species and few life cycle stages. These limitations raise questions about the reproducibility of the environment and about the importance of indirect effects and synergies in the final results of these experiments. One way to address these experimental problems is by conducting studies in situ, in natural areas where expected future pH conditions already occur, such as CO2 vent systems. In the present work, we compile and discuss the latest research carried out in these natural laboratories, with the objective to summarize their advantages and disadvantages for research to improve these investigations so they can better help us understand how the oceans of the future will change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara González-Delgado
- Marine Community Ecology and Climate Change, Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias (Biología), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - José Carlos Hernández
- Marine Community Ecology and Climate Change, Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias (Biología), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Noonan SHC, Kluibenschedl A, Fabricius KE. Ocean acidification alters early successional coral reef communities and their rates of community metabolism. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197130. [PMID: 29847575 PMCID: PMC5976151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is expected to alter community composition on coral reefs, but its effects on reef community metabolism are poorly understood. Here we document how early successional benthic coral reef communities change in situ along gradients of carbon dioxide (CO2), and the consequences of these changes on rates of community photosynthesis, respiration, and light and dark calcification. Ninety standardised benthic communities were grown on PVC tiles deployed at two shallow-water volcanic CO2 seeps and two adjacent control sites in Papua New Guinea. Along the CO2 gradient, both the upward facing phototrophic and the downward facing cryptic communities changed in their composition. Under ambient CO2, both communities were dominated by calcifying algae, but with increasing CO2 they were gradually replaced by non-calcifying algae (predominantly green filamentous algae, cyanobacteria and macroalgae, which increased from ~30% to ~80% cover). Responses were weaker in the invertebrate communities, however ascidians and tube-forming polychaetes declined with increasing CO2. Differences in the carbonate chemistry explained a far greater amount of change in communities than differences between the two reefs and successional changes from five to 13 months, suggesting community successions are established early and are under strong chemical control. As pH declined from 8.0 to 7.8, rates of gross photosynthesis and dark respiration of the 13-month old reef communities (upper and cryptic surfaces combined) significantly increased by 10% and 20%, respectively, in response to altered community composition. As a consequence, net production remained constant. Light and dark calcification rates both gradually declined by 20%, and low or negative daily net calcification rates were observed at an aragonite saturation state of <2.3. The study demonstrates that ocean acidification as predicted for the end of this century will strongly alter reef communities, and will significantly change rates of community metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam H C Noonan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna Kluibenschedl
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hernández CA, Sangil C, Fanai A, Hernández JC. Macroalgal response to a warmer ocean with higher CO 2 concentration. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 136:99-105. [PMID: 29478765 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary production and respiration rates were studied for six seaweed species (Cystoseira abies-marina, Lobophora variegata, Pterocladiella capillacea, Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Padina pavonica and Corallina caespitosa) from Subtropical North-East Atlantic, to estimate the combined effects of different pH and temperature levels. Macroalgal samples were cultured at temperature and pH combinations ranging from current levels to those predicted for the next century (19, 21, 23, 25 °C, pH: 8.1, 7.7 and 7.4). Decreased pH had a positive effect on short-term production of the studied species. Raised temperatures had a more varied and species dependent effect on short term primary production. Thermophilic algae increased their production at higher temperatures, while temperate species were more productive at lower or present temperature conditions. Temperature also affected algal respiration rates, which were higher at low temperature levels. The results suggest that biomass and productivity of the more tropical species in coastal ecosystems would be enhanced by future ocean conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celso A Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias (Sección Biología), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Carlos Sangil
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias (Sección Biología), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - José Carlos Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias (Sección Biología), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Molari M, Guilini K, Lott C, Weber M, de Beer D, Meyer S, Ramette A, Wegener G, Wenzhöfer F, Martin D, Cibic T, De Vittor C, Vanreusel A, Boetius A. CO 2 leakage alters biogeochemical and ecological functions of submarine sands. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao2040. [PMID: 29441359 PMCID: PMC5810613 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Subseabed CO2 storage is considered a future climate change mitigation technology. We investigated the ecological consequences of CO2 leakage for a marine benthic ecosystem. For the first time with a multidisciplinary integrated study, we tested hypotheses derived from a meta-analysis of previous experimental and in situ high-CO2 impact studies. For this, we compared ecological functions of naturally CO2-vented seafloor off the Mediterranean island Panarea (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) to those of nonvented sands, with a focus on biogeochemical processes and microbial and faunal community composition. High CO2 fluxes (up to 4 to 7 mol CO2 m-2 hour-1) dissolved all sedimentary carbonate, and comigration of silicate and iron led to local increases of microphytobenthos productivity (+450%) and standing stocks (+300%). Despite the higher food availability, faunal biomass (-80%) and trophic diversity were substantially lower compared to those at the reference site. Bacterial communities were also structurally and functionally affected, most notably in the composition of heterotrophs and microbial sulfate reduction rates (-90%). The observed ecological effects of CO2 leakage on submarine sands were reproduced with medium-term transplant experiments. This study assesses indicators of environmental impact by CO2 leakage and finds that community compositions and important ecological functions are permanently altered under high CO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Molari
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Katja Guilini
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Lott
- HYDRA Institute for Marine Sciences, Elba Field Station, Via del Forno 80, 57034 Campo nell’Elba (LI), Italy
| | - Miriam Weber
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- HYDRA Institute for Marine Sciences, Elba Field Station, Via del Forno 80, 57034 Campo nell’Elba (LI), Italy
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Microsensor Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Meyer
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Alban Ramette
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Gunter Wegener
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Frank Wenzhöfer
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- HGF-MPG Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Daniel Martin
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Blanes, Girona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Tamara Cibic
- Sezione di Oceanografia, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale–OGS, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cinzia De Vittor
- Sezione di Oceanografia, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale–OGS, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ann Vanreusel
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antje Boetius
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- HGF-MPG Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Brown NEM, Milazzo M, Rastrick SPS, Hall-Spencer JM, Therriault TW, Harley CDG. Natural acidification changes the timing and rate of succession, alters community structure, and increases homogeneity in marine biofouling communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e112-e127. [PMID: 28762601 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification may have far-reaching consequences for marine community and ecosystem dynamics, but its full impacts remain poorly understood due to the difficulty of manipulating pCO2 at the ecosystem level to mimic realistic fluctuations that occur on a number of different timescales. It is especially unclear how quickly communities at various stages of development respond to intermediate-scale pCO2 change and, if high pCO2 is relieved mid-succession, whether past acidification effects persist, are reversed by alleviation of pCO2 stress, or are worsened by departures from prior high pCO2 conditions to which organisms had acclimatized. Here, we used reciprocal transplant experiments along a shallow water volcanic pCO2 gradient to assess the importance of the timing and duration of high pCO2 exposure (i.e., discrete events at different stages of successional development vs. continuous exposure) on patterns of colonization and succession in a benthic fouling community. We show that succession at the acidified site was initially delayed (less community change by 8 weeks) but then caught up over the next 4 weeks. These changes in succession led to homogenization of communities maintained in or transplanted to acidified conditions, and altered community structure in ways that reflected both short- and longer-term acidification history. These community shifts are likely a result of interspecific variability in response to increased pCO2 and changes in species interactions. High pCO2 altered biofilm development, allowing serpulids to do best at the acidified site by the end of the experiment, although early (pretransplant) negative effects of pCO2 on recruitment of these worms were still detectable. The ascidians Diplosoma sp. and Botryllus sp. settled later and were more tolerant to acidification. Overall, transient and persistent acidification-driven changes in the biofouling community, via both past and more recent exposure, could have important implications for ecosystem function and food web dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norah E M Brown
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marco Milazzo
- DiSTeM, CoNISMa, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuel P S Rastrick
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Shimoda Marine Research Centre, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Christopher D G Harley
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu D, Schaum CE, Lin F, Sun K, Munroe JR, Zhang XW, Fan X, Teng LH, Wang YT, Zhuang ZM, Ye N. Acclimation of bloom-forming and perennial seaweeds to elevated pCO 2 conserved across levels of environmental complexity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4828-4839. [PMID: 28346724 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae contribute approximately 15% of the primary productivity in coastal marine ecosystems, fix up to 27.4 Tg of carbon per year, and provide important structural components for life in coastal waters. Despite this ecological and commercial importance, direct measurements and comparisons of the short-term responses to elevated pCO2 in seaweeds with different life-history strategies are scarce. Here, we cultured several seaweed species (bloom forming/nonbloom forming/perennial/annual) in the laboratory, in tanks in an indoor mesocosm facility, and in coastal mesocosms under pCO2 levels ranging from 400 to 2,000 μatm. We find that, across all scales of the experimental setup, ephemeral species of the genus Ulva increase their photosynthesis and growth rates in response to elevated pCO2 the most, whereas longer-lived perennial species show a smaller increase or a decrease. These differences in short-term growth and photosynthesis rates are likely to give bloom-forming green seaweeds a competitive advantage in mixed communities, and our results thus suggest that coastal seaweed assemblages in eutrophic waters may undergo an initial shift toward communities dominated by bloom-forming, short-lived seaweeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Fan Lin
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Sun
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - James R Munroe
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Xiao W Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin H Teng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi T Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi M Zhuang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Naihao Ye
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Celis-Plá PSM, Martínez B, Korbee N, Hall-Spencer JM, Figueroa FL. Photoprotective responses in a brown macroalgae Cystoseira tamariscifolia to increases in CO 2 and temperature. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 130:157-165. [PMID: 28764959 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and ocean acidification are increasingly affecting coastal ecosystems, with impacts that vary regionally depending upon local biogeography. Ocean acidification drives shifts in seaweed community dominance that depend on interactions with other factors such as light and nutrients. In this study, we investigated the photophysiological responses in the brown macroalgae species Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss with important structural role in the coastal Mediterranean communities. These algae were collected in the Cabo de Gata-Nijar Natural Park in ultraoligotrophic waters (algae exposed under high irradiance and less nutrient conditions) vs. those collected in the La Araña beach in oligotrophic waters (algae exposed at middle nutrient and irradiance conditions) in the Mediterranean Sea. They were incubated in mesocosms, under two levels of CO2; ambient (400-500 ppm) and high CO2 (1200-1300 ppm), combined with two temperatures (ambient temperature; 20 °C and ambient temperature + 4 °C; 24 °C) and the same nutrient conditions of the waters of the origin of macroalgae. Thalli from two sites on the Spanish Mediterranean coast were significantly affected by increases in pCO2 and temperature. The carotenoids (fucoxanthin, violaxanthin and β-carotene) contents were higher in algae from oligotrophic than that from ultraoligotrophic water, i.e., algae collected under higher nutrient conditions respect to less conditions, increase photoprotective pigments content. Thalli from both locations upregulated photosynthesis (as Fv/Fm) at increased pCO2 levels. Our study shows that ongoing ocean acidification and warming can increase photoprotection and photosynthesis in intertidal macroalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula S M Celis-Plá
- Laboratory of Costal Environmental Research, Centre of Advanced Studies, University of Playa Ancha, 2581782 Viña del Mar, Chile; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Brezo Martínez
- Biodiversity and Conservation Unit, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Mostoles, Spain
| | - Nathalie Korbee
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, UK; Shimoda Marine Research Centre, Tsukuba University, Japan
| | - Félix L Figueroa
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sartoretto S, Schohn T, Bianchi CN, Morri C, Garrabou J, Ballesteros E, Ruitton S, Verlaque M, Daniel B, Charbonnel E, Blouet S, David R, Féral JP, Gatti G. An integrated method to evaluate and monitor the conservation state of coralligenous habitats: The INDEX-COR approach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 120:222-231. [PMID: 28521933 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new method based on photographic sampling coupled with in situ observations was applied to 53 stations along the French Mediterranean coast, to assess the integrity of coralligenous reefs affected by different levels of anthropogenic pressure. The conservation state of the assemblages characterizing these habitats was then assessed by an index - the INDEX-COR - that integrates three metrics: (i) the sensitivity of the taxa to organic matter and sediment deposition, (ii) the observable taxonomic richness, and (iii) the structural complexity of the assemblages. The sensitivity of INDEX-COR was tested and showed good correlation with the Level of Pressure calculated for each station according to expert judgment and field observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Schohn
- IFREMER, Zone Portuaire de Brégaillon, 83500 La Seyne-sur-mer, France.
| | - Carlo Nike Bianchi
- DiSTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Science, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Carla Morri
- DiSTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Science, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sandrine Ruitton
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France.
| | - Marc Verlaque
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France.
| | - Boris Daniel
- Agence Française pour la Biodiversité, Antenne de Méditerranée, 26 rue de la République, 13001 Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Charbonnel
- Parc Marin de la Côte Bleue, Observatoire-Plage du Rouet, 31 Avenue Jean Bart, BP. 42, 13620 Carry-le-Rouet, France.
| | - Sylvain Blouet
- Aire marine protégée de la côte Agathoise, Direction Gestion du milieu marin Hôtel de Ville, 34300 Agde, France.
| | - Romain David
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, F-13007 Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Féral
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, F-13007 Marseille, France.
| | - Giulia Gatti
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, F-13007 Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kumar A, Castellano I, Patti FP, Delledonne M, Abdelgawad H, Beemster GTS, Asard H, Palumbo A, Buia MC. Molecular response of Sargassum vulgare to acidification at volcanic CO 2 vents: insights from de novo transcriptomic analysis. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2276-2290. [PMID: 28133853 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ocean acidification is an emerging problem that is expected to impact ocean species to varying degrees. Currently, little is known about its effect on molecular mechanisms induced in fleshy macroalgae. To elucidate genome wide responses to acidification, a transcriptome analysis was carried out on Sargassum vulgare populations growing under acidified conditions at volcanic CO2 vents and compared with populations in a control site. Several transcripts involved in a wide range of cellular and metabolic processes were differentially expressed. No drastic changes were observed in the carbon acquisition processes and RuBisCO level. Moreover, relatively few stress genes, including those for antioxidant enzymes and heat-shock proteins, were affected. Instead, increased expression of transcripts involved in energy metabolism, photosynthetic processes and ion homeostasis suggested that algae increased energy production to maintain ion homeostasis and other cellular processes. Also, an increased allocation of carbon to cell wall and carbon storage was observed. A number of genes encoding proteins involved in cellular signalling, information storage and processing and transposition were differentially expressed between the two conditions. The transcriptional changes of key enzymes were largely confirmed by enzymatic activity measurements. Altogether, the changes induced by acidification indicate an adaptation of growth and development of S. vulgare at the volcanic CO2 vents, suggesting that this fleshy alga exhibits a high plasticity to low pH and can adopt molecular strategies to grow also in future more acidified waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Center of Villa Dohrn - Benthic Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Castellano
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Patti
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Center of Villa Dohrn - Benthic Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Hamada Abdelgawad
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group (IMPRES), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group (IMPRES), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group (IMPRES), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Buia
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Center of Villa Dohrn - Benthic Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hernández CA, Sangil C, Hernández JC. A new CO2 vent for the study of ocean acidification in the Atlantic. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:419-426. [PMID: 27210563 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural CO2 vents are considered the gold standard of ocean acidification (OA) studies. In coastal areas these rare vents have only been investigated at the Mediterranean temperate rocky reefs and at Indo-Pacific coral reefs, although there should be more at other volcanic shores around the world. Substantial scientific efforts on investigating OA effects have been mostly performed by laboratory experiments. However, there is a debate on how acute this kind of approach truly represents the responses to OA scenarios, since it generally involves short-term, rapid perturbation and single variable and species experiments. Due to these limitations, world areas with natural CO2 vents are essential to understand long-term marine ecosystem responses to rising human derived atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Here, we presented a new vent found in the subtropical North East Atlantic reefs (28°N, La Palma Island) that shows moderate CO2 emission (900ppm), reducing pH values to an annual average of 7.86±0.16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - C Sangil
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J C Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|