1
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Mood A, Brooke P. Estimating global numbers of fishes caught from the wild annually from 2000 to 2019. Anim Welf 2024; 33:e6. [PMID: 38510420 PMCID: PMC10951671 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2024.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Finfishes are caught from the wild for food, feed (often in the form of fishmeal and oil) and bait. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), between 74 and 83 million tonnes (averaging 77 million tonnes) were caught annually in 2000-2019. Although fishes are now widely recognised as sentient beings, capture is still quantified as biomass rather than number of individuals (in contrast to wild-caught marine mammals and crocodiles; and farmed mammals and birds). Here, we estimate global numbers of wild-caught finfishes using FAO capture production (landing) tonnages (2000-2019 data) and estimates of mean individual weight at capture, based on internet-sourced capture and market weights. We estimate that between 1,100 and 2,200 billion (1.1-2.2 × 1012), or 1.1-2.2 trillion, wild finfishes were caught annually, on average, during 2000-2019. Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) comprised 28%, by estimate midpoint. Estimated numbers in 2019, totalling 980-1,900 billion, were lower due to reduced anchoveta landings, but still represented 87.5% of vertebrate numbers killed for food or feed, as obtained or estimated from FAO data. These figures exclude unrecorded capture such as illegal fishing, discards and ghost fishing. Estimated finfish numbers used for reduction to fishmeal and oil represented 56% of the total 2010 estimate (1,000-1,900 billion), by midpoint. It is recommended that the FAO reports fish capture numbers. The welfare of wild-caught fishes, which is generally very poor during and after capture, should be addressed as part of sustainable utilisation of aquatic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phil Brooke
- Fishcount.org.uk
- Compassion in World Farming International, River Court, Mill Lane, Godalming, GU7 1EZ, UK
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2
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Michaiel AM, Bernard A. Neurobiology and changing ecosystems: Toward understanding the impact of anthropogenic influences on neurons and circuits. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:995354. [PMID: 36569799 PMCID: PMC9769128 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.995354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid anthropogenic environmental changes, including those due to habitat contamination, degradation, and climate change, have far-reaching effects on biological systems that may outpace animals' adaptive responses. Neurobiological systems mediate interactions between animals and their environments and evolved over millions of years to detect and respond to change. To gain an understanding of the adaptive capacity of nervous systems given an unprecedented pace of environmental change, mechanisms of physiology and behavior at the cellular and biophysical level must be examined. While behavioral changes resulting from anthropogenic activity are becoming increasingly described, identification and examination of the cellular, molecular, and circuit-level processes underlying those changes are profoundly underexplored. Hence, the field of neuroscience lacks predictive frameworks to describe which neurobiological systems may be resilient or vulnerable to rapidly changing ecosystems, or what modes of adaptation are represented in our natural world. In this review, we highlight examples of animal behavior modification and corresponding nervous system adaptation in response to rapid environmental change. The underlying cellular, molecular, and circuit-level component processes underlying these behaviors are not known and emphasize the unmet need for rigorous scientific enquiry into the neurobiology of changing ecosystems.
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3
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Luchiari AC, Málaga-Trillo E, Tran S, Gerlai R. Editorial: Zebrafish Cognition and Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:659501. [PMID: 33796012 PMCID: PMC8007767 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.659501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Steven Tran
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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4
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Esteban MÁ. Review of inflammation in fish and value of the zebrafish model. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:123-139. [PMID: 33236349 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial step in the development of chronic diseases in humans. Understanding the inflammation environment and its intrinsic mechanisms when it is produced by harmful stimuli may be a key element in the development of human disease diagnosis. In recent decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been widely used in research, due to their exceptional characteristics, as a model of various human diseases. Interestingly, the mediators released during the inflammatory response of both the immune system and nervous system, after its integration in the hypothalamus, could also facilitate the detection of injury through the register of behavioural changes in the fish. Although there are many studies that give well-defined information separately on such elements as the recruitment of cells, the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators or the type of neurotransmitters released against different triggers, to the best of our knowledge there are no reviews that put all this knowledge together. In the present review, the main available information on inflammation in zebrafish is presented in order to facilitate knowledge about this important process of innate immunity, as well as the stress responses and behavioural changes derived from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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5
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Robertson JK, Mastromonaco GF, Burness G. Social hierarchy reveals thermoregulatory trade-offs in response to repeated stressors. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb229047. [PMID: 32967999 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.229047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Coping with stressors can require substantial energetic investment, and when resources are limited, such investment can preclude simultaneous expenditure on other biological processes. Among endotherms, energetic demands of thermoregulation can also be immense, yet our understanding of whether a stress response is sufficient to induce changes in thermoregulatory investment is limited. Using the black-capped chickadee as a model species, we tested a hypothesis that stress-induced changes in surface temperature (Ts), a well-documented phenomenon across vertebrates, stem from trade-offs between thermoregulation and stress responsiveness. Because social subordination is known to constrain access to resources in this species, we predicted that Ts and dry heat loss of social subordinates, but not social dominants, would fall under stress exposure at low ambient temperatures (Ta), and rise under stress exposure at high Ta, thus permitting a reduction in total energetic expenditure toward thermoregulation. To test our predictions, we exposed four social groups of chickadees to repeated stressors and control conditions across a Ta gradient (n=30 days/treatment/group), whilst remotely monitoring social interactions and Ts Supporting our hypothesis, we show that: (1) social subordinates (n=12), who fed less than social dominants and alone experienced stress-induced mass-loss, displayed significantly larger changes in Ts following stress exposure than social dominants (n=8), and (2) stress-induced changes in Ts significantly increased heat conservation at low Ta and heat dissipation at high Ta among social subordinates alone. These results suggest that chickadees adjust their thermoregulatory strategies during stress exposure when resources are limited by ecologically relevant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Robertson
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9L 0G2
- Department of Wildlife and Science, Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, ON, Canada M1B 5K7
| | | | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9L 0G2
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6
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Thomson JS, Deakin AG, Cossins AR, Spencer JW, Young IS, Sneddon LU. Acute and chronic stress prevents responses to pain in zebrafish: evidence for stress-induced analgesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/14/jeb224527. [PMID: 32699156 PMCID: PMC7391404 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.224527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The state of an animal prior to the application of a noxious stimulus can have a profound effect on their nociceptive threshold and subsequent behaviour. In mammals, the presence of acute stress preceding a painful event can have an analgesic effect whereas the presence of chronic stress can result in hyperalgesia. While considerable research has been conducted on the ability of stress to modulate mammalian responses to pain, relatively little is known about fish. This is of particular concern given that zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an extensively used model organism subject to a wide array of invasive procedures where the level of stress prior to experimentation could pose a major confounding factor. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of both acute and chronic stress on the behaviour of zebrafish subjected to a potentially painful laboratory procedure, the fin clip. In stress-free individuals, those subjected to the fin clip spent more time in the bottom of the tank, had reduced swimming speeds and less complex swimming trajectories; however, these behavioural changes were absent in fin-clipped fish that were first subject to either chronic or acute stress, suggesting the possibility of stress-induced analgesia (SIA). To test this, the opioid antagonist naloxone was administered to fish prior to the application of both the stress and fin-clip procedure. After naloxone, acutely stressed fin-clipped zebrafish exhibited the same behaviours as stress-free fin-clipped fish. This indicates the presence of SIA and the importance of opioid signalling in this mechanism. As stress reduced nociceptive responses in zebrafish, this demonstrates the potential for an endogenous analgesic system akin to the mammalian system. Future studies should delineate the neurobiological basis of stress-induced analgesia in fish. Summary: Exposure of zebrafish to acute or chronic stress prior to fin clipping prevents behavioural changes normally seen after fin clip; naloxone treatment prevented this effect, demonstrating stress-induced analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S Thomson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - Anthony G Deakin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK.,Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Andrew R Cossins
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Joseph W Spencer
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Iain S Young
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Lynne U Sneddon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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7
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Faraji J, Metz GAS. Infrared Thermography Reveals Sex-Specific Responses to Stress in Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:79. [PMID: 32523518 PMCID: PMC7261839 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychogenic hyperthermia is a stress-related condition reported mostly in women. Neuroendocrine responses to stress in females differ from those in males, and these differences cannot be explained solely based on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Here, we used infrared (IR) thermographic imaging to record changes in cutaneous temperature following two types of stressful experiences in female and male mice. Mice were exposed to either single-session restraint stress or vertical exploration (rearing) deprivation and were monitored for exploratory activity and IR surface thermal changes. Females displayed higher rearing activity than males during the dark phase of the light cycle. Both sexes showed similar plasma corticosterone (CORT) responses after a challenge with restraint and rearing deprivation. However, only females responded to rearing deprivation with increased cutaneous temperature in the head and back, and a reduced thermal response in the tail. Circulating CORT levels were not correlated with the thermal variations. These findings, for the first time, provide evidence for sex-specific cutaneous thermal responses to short-term stress in mice following transient vertical-activity deprivation that may mimic clinical psychogenic hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Faraji
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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8
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Robertson JK, Mastromonaco G, Burness G. Evidence that stress-induced changes in surface temperature serve a thermoregulatory function. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb213421. [PMID: 31974220 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.213421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The fact that body temperature can rise or fall following exposure to stressors has been known for nearly two millennia; however, the functional value of this phenomenon remains poorly understood. We tested two competing hypotheses to explain stress-induced changes in temperature, with respect to surface tissues. Under the first hypothesis, changes in surface temperature are a consequence of vasoconstriction that occur to attenuate blood loss in the event of injury and serve no functional purpose per se; defined as the 'haemoprotective hypothesis'. Under the second hypothesis, changes in surface temperature reduce thermoregulatory burdens experienced during activation of a stress response, and thus hold a direct functional value: the 'thermoprotective hypothesis'. To understand whether stress-induced changes in surface temperature have functional consequences, we tested predictions of these two hypotheses by exposing black-capped chickadees (n=20) to rotating stressors across an ecologically relevant ambient temperature gradient, while non-invasively monitoring surface temperature (eye region temperature) using infrared thermography. Our results show that individuals exposed to rotating stressors reduce surface temperature and dry heat loss at low ambient temperature and increase surface temperature and dry heat loss at high ambient temperature, when compared with controls. These results support the thermoprotective hypothesis and suggest that changes in surface temperature following stress exposure have functional consequences and are consistent with an adaptation. Such findings emphasize the importance of the thermal environment in shaping physiological responses to stressors in vertebrates, and in doing so, raise questions about their suitability within the context of a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Robertson
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, K9L 0G2
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, The Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada, M1B 5K7
| | - Gabriela Mastromonaco
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, The Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada, M1B 5K7
| | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, K9L 0G2
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9
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Patterson L, Blouin-Demers G. Partial support for food availability and thermal quality as drivers of density and area used in Yarrow’s Spiny Lizards ( Sceloporus jarrovii). CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to traditional models, habitat selection in ectotherms may be chiefly based on a habitat’s thermal properties rather than its food availability, due to their physiological dependence on environmental temperature. We tested two hypotheses: that microhabitat use in ectotherms is driven by food availability and that it is driven by thermoregulatory requirements. We predicted that the density of lizards would increase and the mean area used would decrease with the natural arthropod (food) availability (or thermal quality) of a plot, as well as after experimentally increasing plot arthropod availability (or thermal quality). We established two plots in each of four treatments (food-supplemented, shaded, food-supplemented and shaded, and control) on a talus slope in Arizona, USA. We measured the density and area used in Yarrow’s Spiny Lizards (Sceloporus jarrovii Cope in Yarrow, 1875) before and after manipulations, and determined whether lizard density and area used were related to natural arthropod availability or thermal quality at the surface and in retreat sites. Density and area used were unaffected by the manipulations, but both increased with natural arthropod availability and decreased with higher thermal quality in retreat sites. These results provide partial support for both food availability and thermal quality as drivers of density and microhabitat use in S. jarrovii.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.D. Patterson
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - G. Blouin-Demers
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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10
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Wang X, Chang L, Zhao T, Liu L, Zhang M, Li C, Xie F, Jiang J, Zhu W. Metabolic switch in energy metabolism mediates the sublethal effects induced by glyphosate-based herbicide on tadpoles of a farmland frog Microhyla fissipes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 186:109794. [PMID: 31629188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are widely-used agricultural chemicals, bringing potential detriments to aquatic organisms. Currently, our understanding of sublethal effects and underlying toxicologic mechanisms of GBHs are still limited, especially in amphibians. Here, the sublethal effects of a commercial GBH (KISSUN®) on tadpoles of a farmland dwelling frog, Microhyla fissipes, were investigated. The 10-d LC50 of "KISSUN®" GBH was 77.5 mg/L. Tadpoles exposed to 60-120 mg/L showed increased preference to higher temperature. After 10 days exposure, obvious growth suppression was observed in survived GBH-stressed tadpoles, characterized by dosage depended decrement in body mass, body width, total length, etc. GBH-stressed tadpoles also showed decreased tail length/snout-vent length ratio and smaller tail muscle fiber diameter. Comparative transcriptomics (control, 60 mg/L and 90 mg/L groups) was conducted to analyze the underlying molecular processes. GBH-stressed tadpoles showed downregulated transcription of ribosomal proteins and cytoskeleton proteins, which could explain their suppressed whole body and tail muscle growth. Moreover, GBH-stressed tadpoles showed transcriptional downregulation of carbohydrate and lipid catabolism, but upregulation of amino acid catabolism. It suggested a metabolic switch from carbohydrate and lipid to amino acid in these tadpoles. Accordingly, there was a trade-off between protein synthesis and energy production in respect to amino acid allocation, and it provided a metabolic explanation for why protein synthesis was downregulated and growth was suppressed in GBH-stressed tadpoles. In combination with existing literatures, we speculated that GBH might directly target the enzymes in carbohydrate and lipid catabolism, and this metabolic effect of GBH might be common to fish and amphibians. In conclusion, our study provided a systematic insight into the sublethal symptoms of GBH-stressed tadpoles, and a metabolic switch from carbohydrate and lipid to amino acid likely underlay some common toxic symptoms of GBHs on both fish and tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xungang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liming Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lusha Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Feng Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Sieber S, Grossen P, Bussmann J, Campbell F, Kros A, Witzigmann D, Huwyler J. Zebrafish as a preclinical in vivo screening model for nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:152-168. [PMID: 30615917 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of nanomedicines with biological environments is heavily influenced by their physicochemical properties. Formulation design and optimization are therefore key steps towards successful nanomedicine development. Unfortunately, detailed assessment of nanomedicine formulations, at a macromolecular level, in rodents is severely limited by the restricted imaging possibilities within these animals. Moreover, rodent in vivo studies are time consuming and expensive, limiting the number of formulations that can be practically assessed in any one study. Consequently, screening and optimisation of nanomedicine formulations is most commonly performed in surrogate biological model systems, such as human-derived cell cultures. However, despite the time and cost advantages of classical in vitro models, these artificial systems fail to reflect and mimic the complex biological situation a nanomedicine will encounter in vivo. This has acutely hampered the selection of potentially successful nanomedicines for subsequent rodent in vivo studies. Recently, zebrafish have emerged as a promising in vivo model, within nanomedicine development pipelines, by offering opportunities to quickly screen nanomedicines under in vivo conditions and in a cost-effective manner so as to bridge the current gap between in vitro and rodent studies. In this review, we outline several advantageous features of the zebrafish model, such as biological conservation, imaging modalities, availability of genetic tools and disease models, as well as their various applications in nanomedicine development. Critical experimental parameters are discussed and the most beneficial applications of the zebrafish model, in the context of nanomedicine development, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Sieber
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philip Grossen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederick Campbell
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada..
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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12
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Fernandes Silva P, Garcia de Leaniz C, Luchiari AC. Fear contagion in zebrafish: a behaviour affected by familiarity. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Key B, Arlinghaus R, Browman HI, Cooke SJ, Cowx IG, Diggles BK, Rose JD, Sawynok W, Schwab A, Skiftesvik AB, Stevens ED, Watson CA. Problems with equating thermal preference with 'emotional fever' and sentience: comment on 'Fish can show emotional fever: stress-induced hyperthermia in zebrafish' by Rey et al. (2015). Proc Biol Sci 2019; 284:rspb.2016.0681. [PMID: 28100812 PMCID: PMC5310028 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Key
- Brain Growth and Regeneration Lab, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - R Arlinghaus
- Dept Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries & Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - H I Browman
- Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Storebø, Norway
| | - S J Cooke
- Dept Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - I G Cowx
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - B K Diggles
- DigsFish Services, Banksia Beach, Queensland 4507, Australia
| | - J D Rose
- Dept Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - W Sawynok
- Infofish Australia, Frenchville, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - A Schwab
- Schwab & Sohn, 3507 Biglen, Switzerland
| | | | - E D Stevens
- Biomed Sci, Atlantic Veterinary College, Charlottetown, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - C A Watson
- Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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14
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Nivelle R, Gennotte V, Kalala EJK, Ngoc NB, Muller M, Mélard C, Rougeot C. Temperature preference of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles induces spontaneous sex reversal. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212504. [PMID: 30763381 PMCID: PMC6375642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an African freshwater fish that displays a genetic sex determination system (XX|XY) where high temperatures (above 32°C to 36.5°C) induce masculinization. In Nile tilapia, the thermosensitive period was reported from 10 to 30 days post fertilization. In their natural environment, juveniles may encounter high temperatures that are above the optimal temperature for growth (27-30°C). The relevance of the thermal sex reversal mechanism in a natural context remains unclear. The main objective of our study is to determine whether sexually undifferentiated juveniles spontaneously prefer higher, unfavorable temperatures and whether this choice skews the sex ratio toward males. Five full-sib progenies (from 100% XX crosses) were subjected to (1) a horizontal three-compartment thermal step gradient (thermal continuum 28°C- 32°C- 36.5°C) during the thermosensitive period, (2) a control continuum (28°C- 28°C- 28°C) and (3) a thermal control tank (36.5°C). During the first days of the treatment, up to an average of 20% of the population preferred the masculinizing compartment of the thermal continuum (36.5°C) compared to the control continuum. During the second part of the treatment, juveniles preferred the lower, nonmasculinizing 32°C temperature. This short exposure to higher temperatures was sufficient to significantly skew the sex ratio toward males, compared to congeners raised at 28°C (from 5.0 ± 6.7% to 15.6 ± 16.5% of males). The proportion of males was significantly different in the thermal continuum, thermal control tank and control continuum, and it was positively correlated among populations. Our study shows for the first time that Nile tilapia juveniles can choose a masculinizing temperature during a short period of time. This preference is sufficient to induce sex reversal to males within a population. For the first time, behavior is reported as a potential player in the sex determination mechanism of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Nivelle
- Research and Education Center in Aquaculture (CEFRA), Liège University, Tihange, Belgium.,Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), Interdisciplinary research institute in the biomedical sciences (GIGA-I3), Liège University, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Gennotte
- Research and Education Center in Aquaculture (CEFRA), Liège University, Tihange, Belgium
| | | | - Nguyen Bich Ngoc
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), Interdisciplinary research institute in the biomedical sciences (GIGA-I3), Liège University, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), Interdisciplinary research institute in the biomedical sciences (GIGA-I3), Liège University, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charles Mélard
- Research and Education Center in Aquaculture (CEFRA), Liège University, Tihange, Belgium
| | - Carole Rougeot
- Research and Education Center in Aquaculture (CEFRA), Liège University, Tihange, Belgium
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Jones NAR, Mendo T, Broell F, Webster MM. No experimental evidence of stress-induced hyperthermia in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.192971. [PMID: 30559304 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.192971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) is characterised by a rise in body temperature in response to a stressor. In endotherms, SIH is mediated by the autonomic nervous system, whereas ectotherms must raise their body temperature via behavioural means by moving to warmer areas within their environment (behavioural thermoregulation). A recent study suggested that zebrafish (Danio rerio), an important model species, may move to warmer water in response to handling and confinement and thus exhibit SIH, which, if accepted, may have important practical and welfare implications. However, an alternative hypothesis proposed that the observed movements may be produced by avoidance behaviour rather than behavioural thermoregulation. Investigating the claims for SIH in zebrafish further, we conducted two experiments that extend the earlier study. The first experiment incorporated new conditions that considered fish behaviour in the absence of thermal variation, i.e. their null distribution, an important condition that was not performed in the original study. The second was a refined version of the experiment to reduce the numbers of fish and aid movement between areas for the fish. In contrast to the previous study, we saw no effect of handling or confinement on preference for warmer areas, and no evidence for SIH in either experiment. Instead, we observed a short-lived reduction in preference for warmer areas immediately post-stress. Our work suggests that zebrafish may not experience SIH, and claims regarding fish consciousness based on SIH may need to be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick A R Jones
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Tania Mendo
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, East Sands, Fife KY16 LB, UK
| | - Franziska Broell
- Maritime bioLoggers, The Cove, 27 Parker Street, Dartmouth B2Y 2W1, Canada
| | - Mike M Webster
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
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16
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Does the Stress of Laboratory Life and Experimentation on Animals Adversely Affect Research Data? A Critical Review. Altern Lab Anim 2018; 46:291-305. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291804600501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent acute and/or chronic stress can affect all vertebrate species, and can have serious consequences. It is increasingly and widely appreciated that laboratory animals experience significant and repeated stress, which is unavoidable and is caused by many aspects of laboratory life, such as captivity, transport, noise, handling, restraint and other procedures, as well as the experimental procedures applied to them. Such stress is difficult to mitigate, and lack of significant desensitisation/habituation can result in considerable psychological and physiological welfare problems, which are mediated by the activation of various neuroendocrine networks that have numerous and pervasive effects. Psychological damage can be reflected in stereotypical behaviours, including repetitive pacing and circling, and even self-harm. Physical consequences include adverse effects on immune function, inflammatory responses, metabolism, and disease susceptibility and progression. Further, some of these effects are epigenetic, and are therefore potentially transgenerational: the biology of animals whose parents/grandparents were wild-caught and/or have experienced chronic stress in laboratories could be altered, as compared to free-living individuals. It is argued that these effects must have consequences for the reliability of experimental data and their extrapolation to humans, and this may not be recognised sufficiently among those who use animals in experiments.
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17
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Is Heightened-Shoaling a Good Candidate for Positive Emotional Behavior in Zebrafish? Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8090152. [PMID: 30149557 PMCID: PMC6162706 DOI: 10.3390/ani8090152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite increasing interest in fish welfare, we still know very little about positive emotions in fish. This study had two aims: (1) to characterize a previously undescribed social behavior in zebrafish, “heightened-shoaling”, and (2) to evaluate whether heightened-shoaling may be a good candidate for future research into positive emotional behavior in zebrafish. Observing six groups of zebrafish housed in 110 L tanks furnished with a sloping gravel substrate, rocks, and artificial plants (10 fish/tank), we found that heightened-shoaling is marked by tight group cohesion, high behavioral synchrony (all fish engaging in the same behaviors at the same time), and low agonism. Episodes of heightened-shoaling occurred in all six groups, but rarely at the same time (only once out of 31 episodes), suggesting that the onset of heightened-shoaling is driven by internal group dynamics rather than external influences. Heightened-shoaling also appeared to be self-reinforcing as it had sustained durations—typically lasting for over 7 min and sometimes lasting for nearly half-an-hour. Collectively, these results are similar to the patterns that typify positive emotional behavior in other animals, for example, social grooming and social play. As the first description of heightened-shoaling, this research extends our knowledge of the range of zebrafish social dynamics and suggests a promising area for future research on positive emotions in fish. Abstract Zebrafish, a highly-social species of freshwater fish, are widely studied across many fields of laboratory science including developmental biology, neuroscience, and genomics. Nevertheless, as standard housing for zebrafish typically consists of small and simplistic environments, less is known about their social behavioral repertoire in more naturalistic settings. In particular, spontaneously occurring, socio-positive affiliative behaviors (e.g., social coordination and cohesion) that may be indicative of positive emotional experiences have rarely been reported or studied deliberately in zebrafish. Housing adult zebrafish (10 fish/tank) in large semi-natural tanks (110 L; n = 6) with sloping gravel substrate, rocks, and artificial plants, we observed a previously undescribed behavior: Distinct periods of spontaneous, synchronized, compact aggregations, what we call “heightened-shoaling”. This project aimed to quantify the characteristics of this distinctive behavior and compare parameters of heightened-shoaling to baseline periods (normal behavior) and pre-feed periods (feed-anticipatory behavior). First, across 4 days, we selected video-clips (100 s each) from within (i) instances of heightened-shoaling (n = 9), (ii) baseline periods (n = 18), and (iii) pre-feed periods (n = 18). For each of these video clips, we scan sampled every 10 s to determine fish orientations and location within the tank and agonistic behavior. Next, we used an all-occurrence sampling method to record the timing and duration of all episodes of heightened-shoaling behavior when tank-lights were on (8:00 h to 18:00 h) across 10 days. From the scan-sampling data, we found that compared to baseline periods, heightened-shoaling was characterized by increased shoal cohesion (p < 0.0001), increased adherence to the horizontal plane (p < 0.0001), decreased agonism (p < 0.0001), and no diving behavior (lower positions within the water column signal negative effect in zebrafish, p > 0.1). From the all-occurrence sampling data, we found 31 episodes of heightened-shoaling with instances observed in all six tanks and only a single case in which heightened-shoaling occurred in two tanks at the same time. The median episode duration was 7.6 min (Range 1.3–28.6). As the first systematic description of heightened-shoaling behavior, this research contributes to our knowledge of the range of zebrafish social dynamics living in naturalistic environments. Moreover, as a spontaneously occurring, protracted, affiliative behavior, heightened-shoaling appears to be a good candidate for future research into positive emotional behavior in zebrafish.
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18
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Moe R, Bohlin J, Flø A, Vasdal G, Erlandsen H, Guneriussen E, Sjökvist E, Stubsjøen S. Effects of subclinical footpad dermatitis and emotional arousal on surface foot temperature recorded with infrared thermography in turkey toms (Meleagris gallopavo). Poult Sci 2018; 97:2249-2257. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Graham C, von Keyserlingk MA, Franks B. Zebrafish welfare: Natural history, social motivation and behaviour. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Jaggard J, Robinson BG, Stahl BA, Oh I, Masek P, Yoshizawa M, Keene AC. The lateral line confers evolutionarily derived sleep loss in the Mexican cavefish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:284-293. [PMID: 28100806 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.145128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is an essential behavior exhibited by nearly all animals, and disruption of this process is associated with an array of physiological and behavioral deficits. Sleep is defined by changes in sensory gating that reduce sensory input to the brain, but little is known about the neural basis for interactions between sleep and sensory processing. Blind Mexican cavefish comprise an extant surface dwelling form and 29 cave morphs that have independently evolved increased numbers of mechanoreceptive lateral line neuromasts and convergent evolution of sleep loss. Ablation of the lateral line enhanced sleep in the Pachón cavefish population, suggesting that heightened sensory input underlies evolutionarily derived sleep loss. Targeted lateral line ablation and behavioral analysis localized the wake-promoting neuromasts in Pachón cavefish to superficial neuromasts of the trunk and cranial regions. Strikingly, lateral line ablation did not affect sleep in four other cavefish populations, suggesting that distinct neural mechanisms regulate the evolution of sleep loss in independently derived cavefish populations. Cavefish are subject to seasonal changes in food availability, raising the possibility that sensory modulation of sleep is influenced by metabolic state. We found that starvation promotes sleep in Pachón cavefish, and is not enhanced by lateral line ablation, suggesting that functional interactions occur between sensory and metabolic regulation of sleep. Taken together, these findings support a model where sensory processing contributes to evolutionarily derived changes in sleep that are modulated in accordance with food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jaggard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Beatriz G Robinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Bethany A Stahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ian Oh
- Davidson Academy of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Pavel Masek
- Department of Biology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Masato Yoshizawa
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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21
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Baracchi D, Lihoreau M, Giurfa M. Do Insects Have Emotions? Some Insights from Bumble Bees. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:157. [PMID: 28878636 PMCID: PMC5572325 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While our conceptual understanding of emotions is largely based on human subjective experiences, research in comparative cognition has shown growing interest in the existence and identification of "emotion-like" states in non-human animals. There is still ongoing debate about the nature of emotions in animals (especially invertebrates), and certainly their existence and the existence of certain expressive behaviors displaying internal emotional states raise a number of exciting and challenging questions. Interestingly, at least superficially, insects (bees and flies) seem to fulfill the basic requirements of emotional behavior. Yet, recent works go a step further by adopting terminologies and interpretational frameworks that could have been considered as crude anthropocentrism and that now seem acceptable in the scientific literature on invertebrate behavior and cognition. This change in paradigm requires, therefore, that the question of emotions in invertebrates is reconsidered from a cautious perspective and with parsimonious explanations. Here we review and discuss this controversial topic based on the recent finding that bumblebees experience positive emotions while experiencing unexpected sucrose rewards, but also incorporating a broader survey of recent literature in which similar claims have been done for other invertebrates. We maintain that caution is warranted before attributing emotion-like states to honey bees and bumble bees as some experimental caveats may undermine definitive conclusions. We suggest that interpreting many of these findings in terms of motivational drives may be less anthropocentrically biased and more cautious, at least until more careful experiments warrant the use of an emotion-related terminology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baracchi
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of ToulouseToulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée, Université Paris 13Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Lihoreau
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of ToulouseToulouse, France
| | - Martin Giurfa
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of ToulouseToulouse, France
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22
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Gygax L. Wanting, liking and welfare: The role of affective states in proximate control of behaviour in vertebrates. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Gygax
- Centre for Proper Housing of Ruminants and Pigs; Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO; Ettenhausen Switzerland
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23
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24
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Abstract
Infrared thermography (IRT) is increasingly applied as a noninvasive technique for measuring surface body temperature alterations related to e.g. stress, emotions and leg pathologies in avian species. As a basis for the validation of IRT as a future tool for veterinary diagnostics such as detection and/or prediction of subclinical footpad pathologies in broiler chickens, this study explored effects of manual restraint at two different ages on footpad temperatures. Head region temperatures were applied as additional measures of emotional arousal and stress. The study demonstrated that footpad temperatures dropped during 10min of restraint (p<0.001, -0.45°C 95% CI (-0.49, -0.41) per min), whilst head region temperatures (e.g. nostril, wattle, eye, and average head temperature) rose (p=0.004, 0.76°C 95% CI (0.39, 1.15) per 10min), which is consistent with body temperature alterations during emotional arousal and stress, termed stress-induces hyperthermia. Temperature differed between 30 and 36 d (p<0.001, 1.71°C 95% CI (1.04, 2.38) per week), but it is impossible to draw conclusions whether this effect was caused by age or by conditioning. Furthermore, sequential sampling order affected temperature (p=0.04, 0.13°C 95% CI (0.01, 0.25)). In conclusion, one needs to take into account the duration of handling and restraint during the assessment of footpad temperatures, as well as the chickens age, previous experience and sequential sampling order, when using IRT technology as a future noninvasive tool to study temperature alterations associated with subclinical footpad pathologies in broiler chickens.
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25
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Santi S, Rougeot C, Toguyeni A, Gennotte V, Kebe I, Melard C. Temperature Preference and Sex Differentiation in African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2017; 327:28-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saïdou Santi
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
- Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Research and Studies Laboratory (LERNSE); Institute of Rural Development (IDR); Polytechnic University of Bobo-Dioulasso; Bobo-Dioulasso; Burkina Faso
| | - Carole Rougeot
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
| | - Aboubacar Toguyeni
- Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Research and Studies Laboratory (LERNSE); Institute of Rural Development (IDR); Polytechnic University of Bobo-Dioulasso; Bobo-Dioulasso; Burkina Faso
| | - Vincent Gennotte
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
| | - Ibrahima Kebe
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
| | - Charles Melard
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
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26
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Rey S, Moiche V, Boltaña S, Teles M, MacKenzie S. Behavioural fever in zebrafish larvae. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:287-292. [PMID: 27670815 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Behavioural fever has been reported in different species of mobile ectotherms including the zebrafish, Danio rerio, in response to exogenous pyrogens. In this study we report, to our knowledge for the first time, upon the ontogenic onset of behavioural fever in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. For this, zebrafish larvae (from first feeding to juveniles) were placed in a continuous thermal gradient providing the opportunity to select their preferred temperature. The novel thermal preference aquarium was based upon a continuous vertical column system and allows for non-invasive observation of larvae vertical distribution under isothermal (TR at 28 °C) and thermal gradient conditions (TCH: 28-32 °C). Larval thermal preference was assessed under both conditions with or without an immersion challenge, in order to detect the onset of the behavioural fever response. Our results defined the onset of the dsRNA induced behavioural fever at 18-20 days post fertilization (dpf). Significant differences were observed in dsRNA challenged larvae, which prefer higher temperatures (1-4 °C increase) throughout the experimental period as compared to non-challenged larvae. In parallel we measured the abundance of antiviral transcripts; viperin, gig2, irf7, trim25 and Mxb mRNAs in dsRNA challenged larvae under both thermal regimes: TR and TCh. Significant increases in the abundance of all measured transcripts were recorded under thermal choice conditions signifying that thermo-coupling and the resultant enhancement of the immune response to dsRNA challenge occurs from 18 dpf onwards in the zebrafish. The results are of importance as they identify a key developmental stage where the neuro-immune interface matures in the zebrafish likely providing increased resistance to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rey
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Visila Moiche
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sebastian Boltaña
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mariana Teles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Simon MacKenzie
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Rey S, Huntingford FA, Knowles TG, Mackenzie S. Stress induced hyperthermia in zebrafish: a reply to Key et al. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2016.2124. [PMID: 28100815 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rey
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Felicity A Huntingford
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Toby G Knowles
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Simon Mackenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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28
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Miyamoto T, Funakami Y, Kawashita E, Nomura A, Sugimoto N, Saeki H, Tsubota M, Ichida S, Kawabata A. Repeated Cold Stress Enhances the Acute Restraint Stress-Induced Hyperthermia in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:11-16. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Miyamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
- Department of Pharmacy, Seichokai Fuchu Hospital
| | | | | | - Ai Nomura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
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29
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van de Pol I, Flik G, Gorissen M. Comparative Physiology of Energy Metabolism: Fishing for Endocrine Signals in the Early Vertebrate Pool. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:36. [PMID: 28303116 PMCID: PMC5332387 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy is the common currency of life. To guarantee a homeostatic supply of energy, multiple neuro-endocrine systems have evolved in vertebrates; systems that regulate food intake, metabolism, and distribution of energy. Even subtle (lasting) dysregulation of the delicate balance of energy intake and expenditure may result in severe pathologies. Feeding-related pathologies have fueled research on mammals, including of course the human species. The mechanisms regulating food intake and body mass are well-characterized in these vertebrates. The majority of animal life is ectothermic, only birds and mammals are endotherms. What can we learn from a (comparative) study on energy homeostasis in teleostean fishes, ectotherms, with a very different energy budget and expenditure? We present several adaptation strategies in fish. In recent years, the components that regulate food intake in fishes have been identified. Although there is homology of the major genetic machinery with mammals (i.e., there is a vertebrate blueprint), in many cases this does not imply analogy. Although both mammals and fish must gain their energy from food, the expenditure of the energy obtained is different. Mammals need to spend vast amounts of energy to maintain body temperature; fishes seem to utilize a broader metabolic range to their advantage. In this review, we briefly discuss ecto- and endothermy and their consequences for energy balance. Next, we argue that the evolution of endothermy and its (dis-)advantages may explain very different strategies in endocrine regulation of energy homeostasis among vertebrates. We follow a comparative and evolutionary line of thought: we discuss similarities and differences between fish and mammals. Moreover, given the extraordinary radiation of teleostean fishes (with an estimated number of 33,400 contemporary species, or over 50% of vertebrate life forms), we also compare strategies in energy homeostasis between teleostean species. We present recent developments in the field of (neuro)endocrine regulation of energy balance in teleosts, with a focus on leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris van de Pol
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gert Flik
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Gert Flik,
| | - Marnix Gorissen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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30
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Cerqueira M, Rey S, Silva T, Featherstone Z, Crumlish M, MacKenzie S. Thermal preference predicts animal personality in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1389-400. [PMID: 27219014 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental temperature gradients provide habitat structure in which fish orientate and individual thermal choice may reflect an essential integrated response to the environment. The use of subtle thermal gradients likely impacts upon specific physiological and behavioural processes reflected as a suite of traits described by animal personality. In this study, we examine the relationship between thermal choice, animal personality and the impact of infection upon this interaction. We predicted that thermal choice in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reflects distinct personality traits and that under a challenge individuals exhibit differential thermal distribution. Nile tilapia were screened following two different protocols: 1) a suite of individual behavioural tests to screen for personality and 2) thermal choice in a custom-built tank with a thermal gradient (TCH tank) ranging from 21 to 33 °C. A first set of fish were screened for behaviour and then thermal preference, and a second set were tested in the opposite fashion: thermal then behaviour. The final thermal distribution of the fish after 48 h was assessed reflecting final thermal preferendum. Additionally, fish were then challenged using a bacterial Streptococcus iniae model infection to assess the behavioural fever response of proactive and reactive fish. Results showed that individuals with preference for higher temperatures were also classified as proactive with behavioural tests and reactive contemporaries chose significantly lower water temperatures. All groups exhibited behavioural fever recovering personality-specific thermal preferences after 5 days. Our results show that thermal preference can be used as a proxy to assess personality traits in Nile tilapia and it is a central factor to understand the adaptive meaning of animal personality within a population. Importantly, response to infection by expressing behavioural fever overrides personality-related thermal choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cerqueira
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Sonia Rey
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Pathfoot Building, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Tome Silva
- SPAROS Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Zoe Featherstone
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Pathfoot Building, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Margaret Crumlish
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Pathfoot Building, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Simon MacKenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Pathfoot Building, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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