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Parker LM, Scanes E, O'Connor WA, Dove M, Elizur A, Pörtner HO, Ross PM. Resilience against the impacts of climate change in an ecologically and economically significant native oyster. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115788. [PMID: 38056289 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is acidifying and warming our oceans, at an unprecedented rate posing a challenge for marine invertebrates vital across the globe for ecological services and food security. Here we show it is possible for resilience to climate change in an ecologically and economically significant oyster without detrimental effects to the energy budget. We exposed 24 pair-mated genetically distinct families of the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata to ocean acidification and warming for 4w and measured their resilience. Resilience was identified as the capacity to defend their acid-base balance without a loss of energy available for Scope for Growth (SFG). Of the 24 families, 13 were better able to defend their acid-base balance while eight had no loss of energy availability with a positive SFG. This study has found oyster families with reslience against climate change without a loss of SFG, is an essential mitigation strategy, in a critical mollusc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Parker
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Elliot Scanes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, New South Wales 2316, Australia
| | - Michael Dove
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, New South Wales 2316, Australia
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
| | - Pauline M Ross
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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2
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Garner N, Ross PM, Falkenberg LJ, Seymour JR, Siboni N, Scanes E. Can seagrass modify the effects of ocean acidification on oysters? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113438. [PMID: 35276613 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solutions are being sought to ameliorate the impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Seagrass may be a solution to provide refugia from climate change for marine organisms. This study aimed to determine if the seagrass Zostera muelleri sub spp. capricorni benefits the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata, and if these benefits can modify any anticipated negative impacts of ocean acidification. Future and ambient ocean acidification conditions were simulated in 52 L mesocosms at control (381 μatm) and elevated (848 μatm) CO2 with and without Z. muelleri. Oyster growth, physiology and microbiomes of oysters and seagrass were measured. Seagrass was beneficial to oyster growth at ambient pCO2, but did not positively modify the impacts of ocean acidification on oysters at elevated pCO2. Oyster microbiomes were altered by the presence of seagrass but not by elevated pCO2. Our results indicate seagrasses may not be a panacea for the impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Garner
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; The Sydney Institute of Marine Science (SIMS), Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Pauline M Ross
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; The Sydney Institute of Marine Science (SIMS), Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia.
| | - Laura J Falkenberg
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Nachshon Siboni
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Elliot Scanes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; The Sydney Institute of Marine Science (SIMS), Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia; Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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3
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Bennion M, Lane H, McDonald IR, Ross P. Histopathology of a threatened surf clam, toheroa (Paphies ventricosa) from Aotearoa New Zealand. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 188:107716. [PMID: 35031296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The toheroa (Paphies ventricosa) is endemic to Aotearoa (New Zealand). Following decades of overfishing in the 1900 s, commercial and recreational fishing of toheroa is now prohibited. For unknown reasons, protective measures in place for over 40 years have not ensured the recovery of toheroa populations. For the first time, a systematic pathology survey was undertaken to provide a baseline of toheroa health in remaining major populations. Using histopathology, parasites and pathologies in a range of tissues are assessed and quantified spatio-temporally. Particular focus is placed on intracellular microcolonies of bacteria (IMCs). Bayesian ordinal logistic regression is used to model IMC infection and several facets of toheroa health. Model outputs show condition to be the most important predictor of IMC intensity in toheroa tissues. The precarious state of many toheroa populations around Aotearoa should warrant greater attention from scientists, conservationists, and regulators. It is hoped that this study will provide some insight into the current health status of a treasured and iconic constituent of several expansive surf beaches in Aotearoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bennion
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand.
| | - Henry Lane
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ian R McDonald
- School of Science - Te Aka Matuatua, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Phil Ross
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand
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4
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Scanes E, Parker LM, Seymour JR, Siboni N, Dove MC, O'Connor WA, Ross PM. Microbiomes of an oyster are shaped by metabolism and environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21112. [PMID: 34702926 PMCID: PMC8548560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes can both influence and be influenced by metabolism, but this relationship remains unexplored for invertebrates. We examined the relationship between microbiome and metabolism in response to climate change using oysters as a model marine invertebrate. Oysters form economies and ecosystems across the globe, yet are vulnerable to climate change. Nine genetic lineages of the oyster Saccostrea glomerata were exposed to ambient and elevated temperature and PCO2 treatments. The metabolic rate (MR) and metabolic by-products of extracellular pH and CO2 were measured. The oyster-associated bacterial community in haemolymph was characterised using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. We found a significant negative relationship between MR and bacterial richness. Bacterial community composition was also significantly influenced by MR, extracellular CO2 and extracellular pH. The effects of extracellular CO2 depended on genotype, and the effects of extracellular pH depended on CO2 and temperature treatments. Changes in MR aligned with a shift in the relative abundance of 152 Amplicon Sequencing Variants (ASVs), with 113 negatively correlated with MR. Some spirochaete ASVs showed positive relationships with MR. We have identified a clear relationship between host metabolism and the microbiome in oysters. Altering this relationship will likely have consequences for the 12 billion USD oyster economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Scanes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Vicki Sara Building, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Laura M Parker
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Vicki Sara Building, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Nachshon Siboni
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Vicki Sara Building, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Michael C Dove
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia
| | - Pauline M Ross
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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5
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Xu G, Kong H, Chang X, Dupont S, Chen H, Deng Y, Hu M, Wang Y. Gonadal antioxidant responses to seawater acidification and hypoxia in the marine mussel Mytilus coruscus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53847-53856. [PMID: 34036512 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the combined effects of seawater acidification and hypoxia on the antioxidant response in gonads of the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. Mussels were collected along the Shengsi Island, East China Sea, where oxygen and pH fluctuations frequently occur in summer. Mussels were exposed to three pH (8.1, 7.7, and 7.3) and two dissolved oxygen (DO) levels (6 and 2 mg L-1) for 21 days followed by a 10-day recovery period (pH 8.1 and DO 6 mg L-1). Gonad surface area (GSA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in gonad were measured at days 21 and 31. Complex and enzyme-specific responses were observed after the 21-day exposure period. Overall, PCA analysis revealed a stronger effect of pH than DO. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis demonstrated that low pH and DO decreased mussel's antioxidant system and increased oxidative damage with potential consequences for gonad development. Mussels exposed to low pH and DO were only partly able to recover a normal enzymatic activity after 10-day recovery period. This suggests that mussels exposed to short-term pH and DO fluctuations event in the field may suffer lasting negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangen Xu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Kong
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Chang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Lim YK, Dang X, Thiyagarajan V. Transgenerational responses to seawater pH in the edible oyster, with implications for the mariculture of the species under future ocean acidification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146704. [PMID: 33848868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The majority of common edible oysters are projected to grow more slowly and have smaller impaired shells because of anthropogenic CO2-induced reductions in seawater carbonate ion concentration and pH, a process called ocean acidification (OA). Recent evidence has shown that OA has carryover effects, for example, larvae exposed to OA will also exhibit either positive or negative effects after metamorphosis. This study examined the hidden carryover effects of OA exposure during parental and larval stages on post-metamorphic traits of the commercially important oyster species Crassostrea hongkongensis. Adults of C. hongkongensis were exposed to control pH (pHNBS 8.0) and OA-induced low pH (pHNBS 7.4) conditions. Their larval offspring were then exposed to the same aquarium conditions before being out-planted as post-metamorphic juveniles at a mariculture site for 10 months. Initially, larval offspring were resilient to low pH with or without parental exposure. The larvae exposed to low pH had significantly faster development and higher percentage of settlement success compared to control groups. The out-planted juveniles with parental exposure had improved survival and growth compared to juveniles without parental exposure, regardless of the larval exposure history. This implies that transgenerational effects due to parental exposure not only persists but also have a greater influence than the within-generational effects of larval exposure. Our results shed light on the importance of linking the various life history stages when assessing the OA-induced carryover capacity of C. hongkongensis in the natural environment. Understanding these linked relationships helps us better predict the species rapid adaptation responses in the face of changing coastal conditions due to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kian Lim
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, Division of Ecology and Biodiversity, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xin Dang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, Division of Ecology and Biodiversity, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, Division of Ecology and Biodiversity, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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7
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Howie AH, Bishop MJ. Contemporary Oyster Reef Restoration: Responding to a Changing World. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.689915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, there is growing interest in restoring previously widespread oyster reefs to reinstate key ecosystem services such as shoreline protection, fisheries productivity and water filtration. Yet, since peak expiration of oysters in the 1800s, significant and ongoing environmental change has occurred. Estuaries and coasts are undergoing some of the highest rates of urbanization, warming and ocean acidification on the planet, necessitating novel approaches to restoration. Here, we review key design considerations for oyster reef restoration projects that maximize the probability that they will meet biological and socio-economic goals not only under present-day conditions, but into the future. This includes selection of sites, and where required, substrates and oyster species and genotypes for seeding, not only on the basis of their present and future suitability in supporting oyster survival, growth and reproduction, but also based on their match to specific goals of ecosystem service delivery. Based on this review, we provide a road map of design considerations to maximize the success of future restoration projects.
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8
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Parker LM, Scanes E, O'Connor WA, Ross PM. Transgenerational plasticity responses of oysters to ocean acidification differ with habitat. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.239269. [PMID: 33785501 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.239269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) has been identified as a critical mechanism of acclimation that may buffer marine organisms against climate change, yet whether the TGP response of marine organisms is altered depending on their habitat is unknown. Many marine organisms are found in intertidal zones where they experience episodes of emersion (air exposure) daily as the tide rises and recedes. During episodes of emersion, the accumulation of metabolic carbon dioxide (CO2) leads to hypercapnia for many species. How this metabolic hypercapnia impacts the TGP response of marine organisms to climate change is unknown as all previous transgenerational studies have been done under subtidal conditions, where parents are constantly immersed. Here, we assess the capacity of the ecologically and economically important oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, to acclimate to elevated CO2 dependent on habitat, across its vertical distribution, from the subtidal to intertidal zone. Tidal habitat altered both the existing tolerance and transgenerational response of S. glomerata to elevated CO2. Overall, larvae from parents conditioned in an intertidal habitat had a greater existing tolerance to elevated CO2 than larvae from parents conditioned in a subtidal habitat, but had a lower capacity for beneficial TGP following parental exposure to elevated CO2. Our results suggest that the TGP responses of marine species will not be uniform across their distribution and highlights the need to consider the habitat of a species when assessing TGP responses to climate change stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Parker
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elliot Scanes
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.,The Western Sydney University, School of Science and Health, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC 2751, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW 2316, Australia
| | - Pauline M Ross
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.,The Western Sydney University, School of Science and Health, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC 2751, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
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9
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Wang T, Kong H, Shang Y, Dupont S, Peng J, Wang X, Deng Y, Peng J, Hu M, Wang Y. Ocean acidification but not hypoxia alters the gonad performance in the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112282. [PMID: 33780757 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and hypoxia have become increasingly severe in coastal areas, and their co-occurrence poses emerging threats to coastal ecosystems. Here, we investigated the combined effects of ocean acidification and hypoxia on the reproductive capacity of the thick-shelled mussel Mytilus coruscus. Our results demonstrated low pH but not low oxygen induced decreased gonadosomatic index (GSI) in mussels. Male mussels had a lower level of sex steroids (estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone) when kept at low pH. Expression of genes related to reproduction were also impacted by low pH with a downregulation of genes involved in gonad development in males (β-catenin and Wnt-7b involved in males) and an upregulation of testosterone synthesis inhibition-related gene (Wnt-4) in females. Overall, our results suggest that ocean acidification has an impact on the gonadal development through an alternation of gene expression and level of steroids while hypoxia had no significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hui Kong
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yueyong Shang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, University of Gothenburg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Jinxia Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xinghuo Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jinxia Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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10
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Scanes E, Parker LM, Seymour JR, Siboni N, King WL, Danckert NP, Wegner KM, Dove MC, O'Connor WA, Ross PM. Climate change alters the haemolymph microbiome of oysters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:111991. [PMID: 33485019 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The wellbeing of marine organisms is connected to their microbiome. Oysters are a vital food source and provide ecological services, yet little is known about how climate change such as ocean acidification and warming will affect their microbiome. We exposed the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, to orthogonal combinations of temperature (24, 28 °C) and pCO2 (400 and 1000 μatm) for eight weeks and used amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA (V3-V4) gene to characterise the bacterial community in haemolymph. Overall, elevated pCO2 and temperature interacted to alter the microbiome of oysters, with a clear partitioning of treatments in CAP ordinations. Elevated pCO2 was the strongest driver of species diversity and richness and elevated temperature also increased species richness. Climate change, both ocean acidification and warming, will alter the microbiome of S. glomerata which may increase the susceptibility of oysters to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Scanes
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Laura M Parker
- The University of New South Wales, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Nachshon Siboni
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - William L King
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia; Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nathan P Danckert
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - K Mathias Wegner
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Coastal Ecology, Wadden Sea Station, List, Sylt 25992, Germany
| | - Michael C Dove
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, New South Wales 2316, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, New South Wales 2316, Australia
| | - Pauline M Ross
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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11
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Spencer LH, Venkataraman YR, Crim R, Ryan S, Horwith MJ, Roberts SB. Carryover effects of temperature and pCO 2 across multiple Olympia oyster populations. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02060. [PMID: 31863716 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Predicting how populations will respond to ocean change across generations is critical to effective conservation of marine species. One emerging factor is the influence of parental exposures on offspring phenotype, known as intergenerational carryover effects. Parental exposure may deliver beneficial or detrimental characteristics to offspring that can influence larval recruitment patterns, thus shaping how populations and community structure respond to ocean change. Impacts of adult exposure to elevated winter temperature and pCO2 on reproduction and offspring viability were examined in the Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida) using three populations of adult, hatchery-reared O. lurida, plus an additional cohort spawned from one of the populations. Oysters were sequentially exposed to elevated temperature (+4°C, at 10°C), followed by elevated pCO2 (+2,204 μatm, at 3,045 μatm) during winter months. Male gametes were more developed after elevated temperature exposure and less developed after high pCO2 exposure, but there was no impact on female gametes or sex ratios. Oysters previously exposed to elevated winter temperature released larvae earlier, regardless of pCO2 exposure. Those exposed to elevated winter temperature as a sole treatment released more larvae on a daily basis but, when also exposed to high pCO2 , there was no effect. These combined results indicate that elevated winter temperature accelerates O. lurida spermatogenesis, resulting in earlier larval release and increased production, with elevated pCO2 exposure negating effects of elevated temperature. Altered recruitment patterns may therefore follow warmer winters due to precocious spawning, but these effects may be masked by coincidental high pCO2 . Offspring were reared in common conditions for 1 yr, then deployed for 3 months in four estuarine bays with distinct environmental conditions. Offspring of parents exposed to elevated pCO2 had higher survival rates in two of the four bays. This carryover effect demonstrates that parental conditions can have substantial ecologically relevant impacts that should be considered when predicting impacts of environmental change. Furthermore, Olympia oysters may be more resilient in certain environments when progenitors are pre-conditioned in stressful conditions. Combined with other recent studies, our work suggests that the Olympia may be more equipped than other oysters for the challenge of a changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Spencer
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
| | - Yaamini R Venkataraman
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
| | - Ryan Crim
- Puget Sound Restoration Fund, 8001 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, Washington, 98110, USA
| | - Stuart Ryan
- Puget Sound Restoration Fund, 8001 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, Washington, 98110, USA
| | - Micah J Horwith
- Washington State Department of Natural Resources, 1111 Washington Street SE, MS 47027, Olympia, Washington, 98504, USA
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
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Nash S, Johnstone J, Rahman MS. Elevated temperature attenuates ovarian functions and induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica: potential mechanisms and signaling pathways. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:957-967. [PMID: 31363994 PMCID: PMC6717220 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change is predicted to intensify thermal stress in marine and coastal organisms, affecting their development, growth, and reproductive functions. In this study, we performed histological observations on ovarian development, immunohistochemical analyses of ovarian heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, an indicator of reactive nitrogen species (RNS)), and dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, an indicator of protein oxidation) expressions, in situ TUNEL assay for cellular apoptosis, biochemical analyses of ovarian caspase-3/7 activity and protein carbonyl (PC, a measure of reactive oxygen species (ROS)) contents, nitrate/nitrite (NOx) levels, and extrapallial fluid (EPF, an important body fluid) pH in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Oysters were exposed to medium (28 °C) and high (32 °C) temperatures under controlled laboratory conditions for 1 week. Oysters exposed to higher temperatures significantly decreased the number and diameter of eggs, and EPF protein concentrations compared with controls (24 °C). In contrast, EPF pH, ovarian HSP70 mRNA levels, and protein expression were increased after heat exposure, consistent with increased ovarian apoptosis. The enhanced apoptosis in ovaries was associated with increased ovarian caspase-3/7 activity, PC contents, NOx levels, and NTP and DNP expressions in heat-exposed oysters. Collectively, these results suggest that higher temperatures drastically increase RNS and ROS levels, increasing incidence of apoptosis and subsequently reducing ovarian functions in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nash
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, 78520, USA
| | - Jackson Johnstone
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, 78520, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, 78520, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, 78520, USA.
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