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Astuti PK, Hegedűs B, Oleksa A, Bagi Z, Kusza S. Buzzing with Intelligence: Current Issues in Apiculture and the Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Tackle It. INSECTS 2024; 15:418. [PMID: 38921133 PMCID: PMC11203513 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) are important for agriculture and ecosystems; however, they are threatened by the changing climate. In order to adapt and respond to emerging difficulties, beekeepers require the ability to continuously monitor their beehives. To carry out this, the utilization of advanced machine learning techniques proves to be an exceptional tool. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the available research on the different applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in beekeeping that are relevant to climate change. Presented studies have shown that AI can be used in various scientific aspects of beekeeping and can work with several data types (e.g., sound, sensor readings, images) to investigate, model, predict, and help make decisions in apiaries. Research articles related to various aspects of apiculture, e.g., managing hives, maintaining their health, detecting pests and diseases, and climate and habitat management, were analyzed. It was found that several environmental, behavioral, and physical attributes needed to be monitored in real-time to be able to understand and fully predict the state of the hives. Finally, it could be concluded that even if there is not yet a full-scale monitoring method for apiculture, the already available approaches (even with their identified shortcomings) can help maintain sustainability in the changing apiculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Kusuma Astuti
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.K.A.); (B.H.); (Z.B.)
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Bettina Hegedűs
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.K.A.); (B.H.); (Z.B.)
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrzej Oleksa
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Zoltán Bagi
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.K.A.); (B.H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Szilvia Kusza
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.K.A.); (B.H.); (Z.B.)
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Kazenel MR, Wright KW, Griswold T, Whitney KD, Rudgers JA. Heat and desiccation tolerances predict bee abundance under climate change. Nature 2024; 628:342-348. [PMID: 38538790 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate change could pose an urgent threat to pollinators, with critical ecological and economic consequences. However, for most insect pollinator species, we lack the long-term data and mechanistic evidence that are necessary to identify climate-driven declines and predict future trends. Here we document 16 years of abundance patterns for a hyper-diverse bee assemblage1 in a warming and drying region2, link bee declines with experimentally determined heat and desiccation tolerances, and use climate sensitivity models to project bee communities into the future. Aridity strongly predicted bee abundance for 71% of 665 bee populations (species × ecosystem combinations). Bee taxa that best tolerated heat and desiccation increased the most over time. Models forecasted declines for 46% of species and predicted more homogeneous communities dominated by drought-tolerant taxa, even while total bee abundance may remain unchanged. Such community reordering could reduce pollination services, because diverse bee assemblages typically maximize pollination for plant communities3. Larger-bodied bees also dominated under intermediate to high aridity, identifying body size as a valuable trait for understanding how climate-driven shifts in bee communities influence pollination4. We provide evidence that climate change directly threatens bee diversity, indicating that bee conservation efforts should account for the stress of aridity on bee physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Kazenel
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Karen W Wright
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Washington State Department of Agriculture, Yakima, WA, USA
| | - Terry Griswold
- USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Kenneth D Whitney
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Singh AP, De K, Uniyal VP, Sathyakumar S. Unveiling of climate change-driven decline of suitable habitat for Himalayan bumblebees. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4983. [PMID: 38424143 PMCID: PMC10904386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect pollinators, especially bumblebees are rapidly declining from their natural habitat in the mountain and temperate regions of the world due to climate change and other anthropogenic activities. We still lack reliable information about the current and future habitat conditions of bumblebees in the Himalaya. In this study, we used the maximum entropy algorithm for SDM to look at current and future (in 2050 and 2070) suitable habitats for bumblebees in the Himalaya. We found that the habitat conditions in the Himalayan mountain range do not have a very promising future as suitable habitat for most species will decrease over the next 50 years. By 2050, less than 10% of the Himalayan area will remain a suitable habitat for about 72% of species, and by 2070 this number will be raised to 75%. During this time period, the existing suitable habitat of bumblebees will be declined but some species will find new suitable habitat which clearly indicates possibility of habitat range shift by Himalayan bumblebees. Overall, about 15% of the Himalayan region is currently highly suitable for bumblebees, which should be considered as priority areas for the conservation of these pollinators. Since suitable habitats for bumblebees lie between several countries, nations that share international borders in the Himalayan region should have international agreements for comprehensive pollinator diversity conservation to protect these indispensable ecosystem service providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Paul Singh
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India.
| | - Kritish De
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Sri Sathya Sai University for Human Excellence, Navanihal, Okali Post, Kamalapur, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, 585313, India
| | - Virendra Prasad Uniyal
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
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Jütte T, Wernecke A, Klaus F, Pistorius J, Dietzsch AC. Risk assessment requires several bee species to address species-specific sensitivity to insecticides at field-realistic concentrations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22533. [PMID: 38110412 PMCID: PMC10728145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the European registration process, pesticides are currently mainly tested on the honey bee. Since sensitivity data for other bee species are lacking for the majority of xenobiotics, it is unclear if and to which extent this model species can adequately serve as surrogate for all wild bees. Here, we investigated the effects of field-realistic contact exposure to a pyrethroid insecticide, containing lambda-cyhalothrin, on seven bee species (Andrena vaga, Bombus terrestris, Colletes cunicularius, Osmia bicornis, Osmia cornuta, Megachile rotundata, Apis mellifera) with different life history characteristics in a series of laboratory trials over two years. Our results on sensitivity showed significant species-specific responses to the pesticide at a field-realistic application rate (i.e., 7.5 g a.s./ha). Species did not group into distinct classes of high and low mortality. Bumble bee and mason bee survival was the least affected by the insecticide, and M. rotundata survival was the most affected with all individuals dead 48 h after application. Apis mellifera showed medium mortality compared to the other bee species. Most sublethal effects, i.e. behavioral abnormalities, were observed within the first hours after application. In some of the solitary species, for example O. bicornis and A. vaga, a higher percentage of individuals performed some abnormal behavior for longer until the end of the observation period. While individual bee weight explained some of the observed mortality patterns, differences are likely linked to additional ecological, phylogenetic or toxicogenomic parameters as well. Our results support the idea that honey bee data can be substitute for some bee species' sensitivity and may justify the usage of safety factors. To adequately cover more sensitive species, a larger set of bee species should be considered for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Jütte
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Anna Wernecke
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Felix Klaus
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Pistorius
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anke C Dietzsch
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
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Feuerborn C, Quinlan G, Shippee R, Strausser TL, Terranova T, Grozinger CM, Hines HM. Variance in heat tolerance in bumble bees correlates with species geographic range and is associated with several environmental and biological factors. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10730. [PMID: 38034342 PMCID: PMC10682878 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, insects have been impacted by climate change, with bumble bees in particular showing range shifts and declining species diversity with global warming. This suggests heat tolerance is a likely factor limiting the distribution and success of these bees. Studies have shown high intraspecific variance in bumble bee thermal tolerance, suggesting biological and environmental factors may be impacting heat resilience. Understanding these factors is important for assessing vulnerability and finding environmental solutions to mitigate effects of climate change. In this study, we assess whether geographic range variation in bumble bees in the eastern United States is associated with heat tolerance and further dissect which other biological and environmental factors explain variation in heat sensitivity in these bees. We examine heat tolerance by caste, sex, and rearing condition (wild/lab) across six eastern US bumble bee species, and assess the role of age, reproductive status, body size, and interactive effects of humidity and temperature on thermal tolerance in Bombus impatiens. We found marked differences in heat tolerance by species that correlate with each species' latitudinal range, habitat, and climatic niche, and we found significant variation in thermal sensitivity by caste and sex. Queens had considerably lower heat tolerance than workers and males, with greater tolerance when queens would first be leaving their natal nest, and lower tolerance after ovary activation. Wild bees tended to have higher heat tolerance than lab reared bees, and body size was associated with heat tolerance only in wild-caught foragers. Humidity showed a strong interaction with heat effects, pointing to the need to regulate relative humidity in thermal assays and consider its role in nature. Altogether, we found most tested biological conditions impact thermal tolerance and highlight the stages of these bees that will be most sensitive to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Feuerborn
- Department of BiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gabriela Quinlan
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, State CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rachael Shippee
- Department of BiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tori L. Strausser
- Department of BiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of BiologyUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Tatiana Terranova
- Department of BiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christina M. Grozinger
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, State CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Heather M. Hines
- Department of BiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, State CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
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Maihoff F, Friess N, Hoiss B, Schmid‐Egger C, Kerner J, Neumayer J, Hopfenmüller S, Bässler C, Müller J, Classen A. Smaller, more diverse and on the way to the top: Rapid community shifts of montane wild bees within an extraordinary hot decade. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Maihoff
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Nicolas Friess
- Faculty of Geography University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Bernhard Hoiss
- Bayerische Akademie für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Laufen Germany
| | | | - Janika Kerner
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Hopfenmüller
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics University of Ulm Ulm Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Department of Conservation Biology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity University of Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
- National Park Bavarian Forest Grafenau Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- National Park Bavarian Forest Grafenau Germany
| | - Alice Classen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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Turley NE, Biddinger DJ, Joshi NK, López‐Uribe MM. Six years of wild bee monitoring shows changes in biodiversity within and across years and declines in abundance. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9190. [PMID: 35983174 PMCID: PMC9374588 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild bees form diverse communities that pollinate plants in both native and agricultural ecosystems making them both ecologically and economically important. The growing evidence of bee declines has sparked increased interest in monitoring bee community and population dynamics using standardized methods. Here, we studied the dynamics of bee biodiversity within and across years by monitoring wild bees adjacent to four apple orchard locations in Southern Pennsylvania, USA. We collected bees using passive Blue Vane traps continuously from April to October for 6 years (2014-2019) amassing over 26,000 bees representing 144 species. We quantified total abundance, richness, diversity, composition, and phylogenetic structure. There were large seasonal changes in all measures of biodiversity with month explaining an average of 72% of the variation in our models. Changes over time were less dramatic with years explaining an average of 44% of the variation in biodiversity metrics. We found declines in all measures of biodiversity especially in the last 3 years, though additional years of sampling are needed to say if changes over time are part of a larger trend. Analyses of population dynamics over time for the 40 most abundant species indicate that about one third of species showed at least some evidence for declines in abundance. Bee family explained variation in species-level seasonal patterns but we found no consistent family-level patterns in declines, though bumble bees and sweat bees were groups that declined the most. Overall, our results show that season-wide standardized sampling across multiple years can reveal nuanced patterns in bee biodiversity, phenological patterns of bees, and population trends over time of many co-occurring species. These datasets could be used to quantify the relative effects that different aspects of environmental change have on bee communities and to help identify species of conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nash E. Turley
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator ResearchThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaUSA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in EcologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - David J. Biddinger
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in EcologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Neelendra K. Joshi
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Margarita M. López‐Uribe
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator ResearchThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaUSA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in EcologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaUSA
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Pardee GL, Griffin SR, Stemkovski M, Harrison T, Portman ZM, Kazenel MR, Lynn JS, Inouye DW, Irwin RE. Life-history traits predict responses of wild bees to climate variation. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212697. [PMID: 35440209 PMCID: PMC9019520 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history traits, which are physical traits or behaviours that affect growth, survivorship and reproduction, could play an important role in how well organisms respond to environmental change. By looking for trait-based responses within groups, we can gain a mechanistic understanding of why environmental change might favour or penalize certain species over others. We monitored the abundance of at least 154 bee species for 8 consecutive years in a subalpine region of the Rocky Mountains to ask whether bees respond differently to changes in abiotic conditions based on their life-history traits. We found that comb-building cavity nesters and larger bodied bees declined in relative abundance with increasing temperatures, while smaller, soil-nesting bees increased. Further, bees with narrower diet breadths increased in relative abundance with decreased rainfall. Finally, reduced snowpack was associated with reduced relative abundance of bees that overwintered as prepupae whereas bees that overwintered as adults increased in relative abundance, suggesting that overwintering conditions might affect body size, lipid content and overwintering survival. Taken together, our results show how climate change may reshape bee pollinator communities, with bees with certain traits increasing in abundance and others declining, potentially leading to novel plant-pollinator interactions and changes in plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella L Pardee
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sean R Griffin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael Stemkovski
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Tina Harrison
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70501, USA
| | - Zachary M Portman
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108
| | - Melanie R Kazenel
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Joshua S Lynn
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David W Inouye
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rebecca E Irwin
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
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