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Grossi F, Lagasio M, Napoli A, Provenzale A, Tepsich P. Phytoplankton spring bloom in the NW Mediterranean Sea under climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169884. [PMID: 38190897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The spring phytoplankton bloom is the main event influencing ecosystem richness in the pelagic realm of the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea (NW Med Sea). The Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires the achievement of a good ecological status for the pelagic habitat, and phytoplankton bloom phenology has been used as an indicator of the status of offshore waters. In this work we investigate interannual changes in the timing and magnitude of the phytoplankton bloom in the NW Med Sea, using phenological metrics. Daily maps of Chl-a concentration from 1998 to 2022 obtained by CMEMS were used to analyse bloom phenological metrics in 5 representative sites in the area. Chlorophyll-a data from 1998 to 2007 were used for determining the climatological behaviour, while 2008-2022 was identified as the study period. For this latter period, yearly spring bloom were identified and interannual variability and overall trends were analysed for each of the phenological metrics considered. Winter oceanographic and meteorological data were analysed to investigate possible correlations with the subsequent spring bloom. The frequency of anomalous years is increasing, both for bloom intensity and sea temperature. Bloom analysis revealed a negative trend only in some areas, but a steep decrease in the last 7 years was noticeable for all sites considered. Correlations of the Chl-a concentration during bloom with oceanographic variables revealed the importance of temperature, both marine and atmospheric, while Mixed Layer Depth played a lesser role. This work contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of an area already under severe threat from human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grossi
- DIBRIS, Università di Genova, Via Balbi 5, 16126 Genova GE, Italy; CIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto, 17100 Savona SV, Italy.
| | - M Lagasio
- CIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto, 17100 Savona SV, Italy
| | - A Napoli
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of Trento, Trento, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), Trento, Italy
| | - A Provenzale
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Tepsich
- CIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto, 17100 Savona SV, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
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Labuce A, Gorokhova E. A script-based workflow to calculate zooplankton community indicator for environmental status assessment in the Baltic Sea. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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3
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Rilov G, Fraschetti S, Gissi E, Pipitone C, Badalamenti F, Tamburello L, Menini E, Goriup P, Mazaris AD, Garrabou J, Benedetti‐Cecchi L, Danovaro R, Loiseau C, Claudet J, Katsanevakis S. A fast-moving target: achieving marine conservation goals under shifting climate and policies. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02009. [PMID: 31549453 PMCID: PMC7027527 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the Anthropocene, marine ecosystems are rapidly shifting to new ecological states. Achieving effective conservation of marine biodiversity has become a fast-moving target because of both global climate change and continuous shifts in marine policies. How prepared are we to deal with this crisis? We examined EU Member States Programs of Measures designed for the implementation of EU marine environmental policies, as well as recent European Marine Spatial Plans, and discovered that climate change is rarely considered operationally. Further, our analysis revealed that monitoring programs in marine protected areas are often insufficient to clearly distinguish between impacts of local and global stressors. Finally, we suggest that while the novel global Blue Growth approach may jeopardize previous marine conservation efforts, it can also provide new conservation opportunities. Adaptive management is the way forward (e.g., preserving ecosystem functions in climate change hotspots, and identifying and targeting climate refugia areas for protection) using Marine Spatial Planning as a framework for action, especially given the push for Blue Growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Rilov
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological ResearchNational Institute of OceanographyP.O. Box 8030Haifa31080Israel
| | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaples80926Italy
- CoNISMaPiazzale Flaminio 9Roma00196Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaples80121Italy
| | - Elena Gissi
- University Iuav of VeniceTolentini 191Venice30135Italy
| | - Carlo Pipitone
- CNR‐IASvia Giovanni da Verrazzano 17Castellammare del Golfo91014Italy
| | - Fabio Badalamenti
- Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaples80121Italy
- CNR‐IASvia Giovanni da Verrazzano 17Castellammare del Golfo91014Italy
| | - Laura Tamburello
- CoNISMaPiazzale Flaminio 9Roma00196Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaples80121Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menini
- Department of Life & Environmental SciencePolytechnic University of MarcheAncona60131Italy
| | - Paul Goriup
- NatureBureau, Votec HouseHambridge RoadNewburyRG14 5TNUnited Kingdom
| | - Antonios D. Mazaris
- Department of EcologySchool of BiologyAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki54124Greece
| | - Joaquim Garrabou
- Institute of Marine SciencesCSICPasseig Marítim de la BarcelonetaBarcelona37‐49 08003Spain
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de ToulonCNRS, IRD, MIOMarseilleFrance
| | - Lisandro Benedetti‐Cecchi
- CoNISMaPiazzale Flaminio 9Roma00196Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaples80121Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaples80121Italy
- Department of Life & Environmental SciencePolytechnic University of MarcheAncona60131Italy
| | - Charles Loiseau
- National Center for Scientific ResearchPSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVDMaison des Océans, 195 rue Saint‐JacquesParis75005France
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific ResearchPSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVDMaison des Océans, 195 rue Saint‐JacquesParis75005France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAILMooreaFrench Polynesia
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McDonald KS, Hobday AJ, Fulton EA, Thompson PA. Interdisciplinary knowledge exchange across scales in a globally changing marine environment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3039-3054. [PMID: 29656423 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of anthropogenic global environmental change on biotic and abiotic processes have been reported in aquatic systems across the world. Complex synergies between concurrent environmental stressors and the resilience of the system to regime shifts, which vary in space and time, determine the capacity for marine systems to maintain structure and function with global environmental change. Consequently, an interdisciplinary approach that facilitates the development of new methods for the exchange of knowledge between scientists across multiple scales is required to effectively understand, quantify and predict climate impacts on marine ecosystem services. We use a literature review to assess the limitations and assumptions of current pathways to exchange interdisciplinary knowledge and the transferability of research findings across spatial and temporal scales and levels of biological organization to advance scientific understanding of global environmental change in marine systems. We found that species-specific regional scale climate change research is most commonly published, and "supporting" is the ecosystem service most commonly referred to in publications. In addition, our paper outlines a trajectory for the future development of integrated climate change science for sustaining marine ecosystem services such as investment in interdisciplinary education and connectivity between disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alistair J Hobday
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Fulton
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
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Elliott M, Borja Á, McQuatters-Gollop A, Mazik K, Birchenough S, Andersen JH, Painting S, Peck M. Force majeure: Will climate change affect our ability to attain Good Environmental Status for marine biodiversity? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:7-27. [PMID: 25837772 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires that Good Environmental Status (GEnS), is achieved for European seas by 2020. These may deviate from GEnS, its 11 Descriptors, targets and baselines, due to endogenic managed pressures (from activities within an area) and externally due to exogenic unmanaged pressures (e.g. climate change). Conceptual models detail the likely or perceived changes expected on marine biodiversity and GEnS Descriptors in the light of climate change. We emphasise that marine management has to accommodate 'shifting baselines' caused by climate change particularly during GEnS monitoring, assessment and management and 'unbounded boundaries' given the migration and dispersal of highly-mobile species. We suggest climate change may prevent GEnS being met, but Member States may rebut legal challenges by claiming that this is outside its control, force majeure or due to 'natural causes' (Article 14 of the MSFD). The analysis is relevant to management of other global seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Elliott
- Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Ángel Borja
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | | | - Krysia Mazik
- Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Silvana Birchenough
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 OHT, UK
| | - Jesper H Andersen
- NIVA Denmark Water Research, Winghouse, Ørestads Boulevard 73, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Painting
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 OHT, UK
| | - Myron Peck
- Institut für Hydrobiologie und Fischereiwissenschaft, Olbersweg 24, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
Severe environmental problems documented in the Baltic Sea in the 1960s led to the 1974 creation of the Helsinki Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area. We introduce this special issue by briefly summarizing successes and failures of Baltic environmental management in the following 40 years. The loads of many polluting substances have been greatly reduced, but legacy pollution slows recovery. Top predator populations have recovered, and human exposure to potential toxins has been reduced. The cod stock has partially recovered. Nutrient loads are decreasing, but deep-water anoxia and cyanobacterial blooms remain extensive, and climate change threatens the advances made. Ecosystem-based management is the agreed principle, but in practice the various environmental problems are still handled separately, since we still lack both basic ecological knowledge and appropriate governance structures for managing them together, in a true ecosystem approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnar Elmgren
- />Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thorsten Blenckner
- />Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Andersson
- />Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Rees AP. Pressures on the marine environment and the changing climate of ocean biogeochemistry. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:5613-35. [PMID: 23129714 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The oceans are under pressure from human activities. Following 250 years of industrial activity, effects are being seen at the cellular through to regional and global scales. The change in atmospheric CO(2) from 280 ppm in pre-industrial times to 392 ppm in 2011 has contributed to the warming of the upper 700 m of the ocean by approximately 0.1°C between 1961 and 2003, to changes in sea water chemistry, which include a pH decrease of approximately 0.1, and to significant decreases in the sea water oxygen content. In parallel with these changes, the human population has been introducing an ever-increasing level of nutrients into coastal waters, which leads to eutrophication, and by 2008 had resulted in 245,000 km(2) of severely oxygen-depleted waters throughout the world. These changes are set to continue for the foreseeable future, with atmospheric CO(2) predicted to reach 430 ppm by 2030 and 750 ppm by 2100. The cycling of biogeochemical elements has proved sensitive to each of these effects, and it is proposed that synergy between stressors may compound this further. The challenge, within the next few decades, for the marine science community, is to elucidate the scope and extent that biological processes can adapt or acclimatize to a changing chemical and physical marine environment.
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Field JG. A strategy for UK marine science for the next 20 years. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:5457-5460. [PMID: 23129708 PMCID: PMC3481485 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John G Field
- Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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