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Pacitti LJ, Laberge J, Shikaze KE, Drouin PJ, Tschakovsky ME, McGlory C, Gurd BJ. Physiological and perceptual response to critical power anchored HIIT: a sex comparison study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05600-5. [PMID: 39237622 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that using threshold-based high intensity interval training (HIITTHR) prescribed at an intensity above critical power (CP) in males and females matched for maximal oxygen uptake ( V ˙ O2max) (mL/kg lean mass/min) will yield no sex differences in time to fatigue. METHODS Thirteen males (mean ± SD: 22.0 ± 2.48 years, 181 ± 8.36 cm, 78.8 ± 11.4 kg) and eleven females (mean ± SD: 22.4 ± 2.69 years, 170 ± 5.73 cm, 65.2 ± 7.66 kg) initially undertook an incremental test to exhaustion to determine V ˙ O2max, and a CP test. Then, one HIIT session (4 min on, 2 min off) was performed to exhaustion at the work rate associated with 105%CP. Acute physiological and cardiovascular responses were recorded. RESULTS No sex differences were recorded in time to fatigue [Female vs. Male (min): 36.0 ± 18.5 vs. 39.3 ± 16.3], heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, or %oxygenated [haem]. Females displayed lower %deoxygenated [haem] at the end of interval 1, 2, 3, and 4 [Female vs. Male (%): 89.4 ± 21.2 vs. 110 ± 27.3, 92.0 ± 21.5 vs. 115 ± 27.6, 87.1 ± 23.7 vs. 112 ± 22.8, 88.9 ± 26.3 vs. 113 ± 23.5]. Large interindividual variability in performance, and physiological and perceptual response were present despite the use of threshold-based prescription. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that threshold-based prescription may help standardize the mean response exercise across sexes but does not eliminate physiological or perceptual variability. Furthermore, the lack of sex differences in TTF was accompanied by greater %deoxy[haem] in males, indicating tissue oxygenation is an unlikely determinant of HIIT performance. This study has been retrospectively registered at Trial Registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KZVGC January 17th, 2023, following data collection but prior to data analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Pacitti
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Joshua Laberge
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn E Shikaze
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Patrick J Drouin
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michael E Tschakovsky
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Desanlis J, Gordon D, Calveyrac C, Cottin F, Gernigon M. Intra- and Inter-Day Reliability of the NIRS Portamon Device after Three Induced Muscle Ischemias. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5165. [PMID: 35890846 PMCID: PMC9317239 DOI: 10.3390/s22145165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an innovative and non-invasive technology used to investigate muscular oxygenation. The aim of this study is to assess the within- and between-session reliability of the NIRS Portamon (Artinis, Elst, Netherlands) device following three sets of induced muscle ischemia. (2) Methods: Depending on the experimental group (G1, G2 or G3), a cuff was inflated three times on the left upper arm to 50 mmHg (G1), systolic blood pressure (SBP) + 50 mmHg (G2) or 250 mmHg (G3). Maximum, minimum and reoxygenation rate values were assessed after each occlusion phase, using a Portamon device placed on the left brachioradialis. Reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value and ICC 95% confidence interval (CI-95%), coefficient of variation (CV) and standard error of measurement (SEM) (3) Results: Our results showed a good to excellent reliability for maximums and minimums within-session. However, the reoxygenation rate within sessions as well as measurements between sessions cannot predominantly show good reliability. (4) Conclusions: Multiple measurements of maximums and minimums within a single session appeared to be reliable which shows that only one measurement is necessary to assess these parameters. However, it is necessary to be cautious with a comparison of maximum, minimum and reoxygenation rate values between sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Desanlis
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91405 Orsay, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (M.G.)
- CIAMS, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
- Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK;
| | - Dan Gordon
- Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK;
| | - Camille Calveyrac
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91405 Orsay, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (M.G.)
- CIAMS, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - François Cottin
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91405 Orsay, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (M.G.)
- CIAMS, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Marie Gernigon
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91405 Orsay, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (M.G.)
- CIAMS, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
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3
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Comparison of Different Approaches Estimating Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Consumption Using Continuous-Wave Near-Infrared Spectroscopy at a Submaximal Contraction Level—A Comparative Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) is a method used to non-invasively estimate skeletal muscle oxygen consumption (mVO2). Three different signals are provided by CW-NIRS devices: (1) oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb); (2) deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb); and (3) tissue saturation index (TSI). Typically, the signal’s slope is interpreted with respect to high or low mVO2 during a muscle action. What signal (or combination of signals) is used for slope interpretation differs according to what approach is used, and there are several published in literature. It is unclear if resulting mVO2 estimates can be used interchangeably. Hence, this work aimed to compare five commonly used approaches on the same set of CW-NIRS data regarding their agreement in estimated mVO2. A controlled, lab-based study setting was used for this experiment. Data are based on isometric dorsiflexion contractions of 15 subjects at 30% of voluntary maximum torque, at two different ankle angles. CW-NIRS was placed on the m. tibialis anterior and blood flow was occluded. The approaches for mVO2 estimation included calculations based on (1) TSI, (2) the difference between O2Hb and HHb (Hbdiff), (3) the mean of slopes from O2Hb and HHb (Hbmean), (4) the HHb signal, and (5) the O2Hb signal. Linear regression modelling was used to calculate respective slopes (r2 > 0.99). Repeated measures ANOVA identified significant differences between the approaches (p < 0.001, ω2 = 0.258). Post-hoc tests revealed that only TSI vs. Hbmean and Hbdiff vs. HHb gave comparable results (p > 0.271). In addition, Bland–Altman plots showed good accuracy (mean bias ~2%) but low precision (±20%) between the comparisons. Thus, the different approaches to estimate mVO2 cannot be used interchangeably. The results from different studies using different approaches should be compared with caution.
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4
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Grassi B, Quaresima V. Mathematical modeling versus experimental data: how to interpret conflicting evidence? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:220-221. [PMID: 35030042 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00796.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Quaresima
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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5
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Koirala B, Concas A, Sun Y, Gladden LB, Lai N. Reply to Grassi and Quaresima. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:222-223. [PMID: 35030045 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00841.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bhabuk Koirala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.,Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Alessandro Concas
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Nicola Lai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.,Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.,Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Schörkmaier T, Wahl Y, Brinkmann C, Bloch W, Wahl P. No Influence of Nonivamide-nicoboxil on the Peak Power Output in Competitive Sportsmen. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:1092-1097. [PMID: 33860476 PMCID: PMC8566025 DOI: 10.1055/a-1403-2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the oxygenated hemoglobin level can be enhanced during rest through the application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream. However, the effect of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on oxygenation and endurance performance under hypoxic conditions is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on local muscle oxygenation and endurance performance under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In a cross-over design, 13 athletes (experienced cyclists or triathletes [age: 25.2±3.5 years; VO2max 62.1±7.3 mL·min-1·kg-1]) performed four incremental exercise tests on the cycle ergometer under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, either with nonivamide-nicoboxil or placebo cream. Muscle oxygenation was recorded with near-infrared spectroscopy. Capillary blood samples were taken after each step, and spirometric data were recorded continuously. The application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream increased muscle oxygenation at rest and during different submaximal workloads as well as during physical exhaustion, irrespective of normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Overall, there were no significant effects of nonivamide-nicoboxil on peak power output, maximal oxygen uptake or lactate concentrations. Muscle oxygenation is significantly higher with the application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream. However, its application does not increase endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schörkmaier
- Department of Clinical Research, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yvonne Wahl
- Insitute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Brinkmann
- Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Wahl
- The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Koirala B, Concas A, Sun Y, Gladden LB, Lai N. Blood volume versus deoxygenated NIRS signal: computational analysis of the effects muscle O 2 delivery and blood volume on the NIRS signals. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1418-1431. [PMID: 34528461 PMCID: PMC8906537 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00105.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signals quantify the oxygenated (ΔHbMbO2) and deoxygenated (ΔHHbMb) heme group concentrations. ΔHHbMb has been preferred to ΔHbMbO2 in evaluating skeletal muscle oxygen extraction because it is assumed to be less sensitive to blood volume (BV) changes, but uncertainties exist on this assumption. To analyze this assumption, a computational model of oxygen transport and metabolism is used to quantify the effect of O2 delivery and BV changes on the NIRS signals from a canine model of muscle oxidative metabolism (Sun Y, Ferguson BS, Rogatzki MJ, McDonald JR, Gladden LB. Med Sci Sports Exerc 48: 2013-2020, 2016). The computational analysis accounts for microvascular (ΔHbO2, ΔHHb) and extravascular (ΔMbO2, ΔHMb) oxygenated and deoxygenated forms. Simulations predicted muscle oxygen uptake and NIRS signal changes well for blood flows ranging from resting to contracting muscle. Additional NIRS signal simulations were obtained in the absence or presence of BV changes corresponding to a heme groups concentration changes (ΔHbMb = 0-48 µM). Under normal delivery (Q = 1.0 L·kg-1·min-1) in contracting muscle, capillary oxygen saturation (So2) was 62% with capillary ΔHbO2 and ΔHHb of ± 41 µΜ for ΔHbMb = 0. An increase of BV (ΔHbMb = 24 µΜ) caused a ΔHbO2 decrease (16µΜ) almost twice as much as the increase observed for ΔHHb (9 µΜ). When So2 increased to more than 80%, only ΔHbO2 was significantly affected by BV changes. The analysis indicates that microvascular So2 is a key factor in determining the sensitivity of ΔHbMbO2 and deoxygenated ΔHHbMb to BV changes. Contrary to a common assumption, the ΔHHbMb is affected by BV changes in normal contracting muscle and even more in the presence of impaired O2 delivery.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Deoxygenated is preferred to the oxygenated near-infrared spectroscopy signal in evaluating skeletal muscle oxygen extraction because it is assumed to be insensitive to blood volume changes. The quantitative analysis proposed in this study indicates that even in absence of skin blood flow effects, both NIRS signals in presence of either normal or reduced oxygen delivery are affected by blood volume changes. These changes should be considered to properly quantify muscle oxygen extraction by NIRS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Koirala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old
Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - A. Concas
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and
Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Cagliari,
Italy
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and
Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal
University, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Education & Health Care,
East China Normal University, Shanghai,
China
| | - L. B. Gladden
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn
University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - N. Lai
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials
Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari,
Italy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old
Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
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Effects of Acute Microcurrent Electrical Stimulation on Muscle Function and Subsequent Recovery Strategy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094597. [PMID: 33926114 PMCID: PMC8123612 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) is believed to alter blood flow, increasing cutaneous blood perfusion, with vasodilation and hyperemia. According to these physiological mechanisms, we investigated the short-term effects of MENS on constant-load exercise and the subsequent recovery process. Ten healthy subjects performed, on separate days, constant-load cycling, which was preceded and followed by active or inactive stimulation to the right quadricep. Blood lactate, pulmonary oxygen, and muscle deoxyhemoglobin on-transition kinetics were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters, heart rate variability, and baroreflex sensitivity were collected and used as a tool to investigate the recovery process. Microcurrent stimulation caused a faster deoxyhemoglobin (4.43 ± 0.5 vs. 5.80 ± 0.5 s) and a slower VO2 (25.19 ± 2.1 vs. 21.94 ± 1.3 s) on-kinetics during cycling, with higher lactate levels immediately after treatments executed before exercise (1.55 ± 0.1 vs. 1.40 ± 0.1 mmol/L) and after exercise (2.15 ± 0.1 vs. 1.79 ± 0.1 mmol/L). In conclusion, MENS applied before exercise produced an increase in oxygen extraction at muscle microvasculature. In contrast, MENS applied after exercise improved recovery, with the sympathovagal balance shifted toward a state of parasympathetic predominance. MENS also caused higher lactate values, which may be due to the magnitude of the muscular stress by both manual treatment and electrical stimulation than control condition in which the muscle received only a manual treatment.
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Thomas E, Bellafiore M, Gentile A, Paoli A, Palma A, Bianco A. Cardiovascular Responses to Muscle Stretching: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:481-493. [PMID: 33440445 DOI: 10.1055/a-1312-7131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study will be to review the current body of literature to understand the effects of stretching on the responses of the cardiovascular system. A literature search was performed using the following databases: Scopus, NLM Pubmed and ScienceDirect. Studies regarding the effects of stretching on responses of the cardiovascular system were investigated. Outcomes regarded heart rate(HR), blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV of which baPWV for brachial-ankle and cfPWV for carotid-femoral waveforms), heart rate variability and endothelial vascular function. Subsequently, the effects of each outcome were quantitatively synthetized using meta-analytic synthesis with random-effect models. A total of 16 studies were considered eligible and included in the quantitative synthesis. Groups were also stratified according to cross-sectional or longitudinal stretching interventions. Quality assessment through the NHLBI tools observed a "fair-to-good" quality of the studies. The meta-analytic synthesis showed a significant effect of d=0.38 concerning HR, d=2.04 regarding baPWV and d=0.46 for cfPWV. Stretching significantly reduces arterial stiffness and HR. The qualitative description of the studies was also supported by the meta-analytic synthesis. No adverse effects were reported, after stretching, in patients affected by cardiovascular disease on blood pressure. There is a lack of studies regarding vascular adaptations to stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Educational Science and Human Movement University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Bellafiore
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Educational Science and Human Movement University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ambra Gentile
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Educational Science and Human Movement University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Educational Science and Human Movement University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Educational Science and Human Movement University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Ghatas MP, Holman ME, Gorgey AS. Methodological considerations for near-infrared spectroscopy to assess mitochondrial capacity after spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2020; 43:623-632. [PMID: 31233377 PMCID: PMC7534271 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1631585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity is reduced by ∼ 50-60% after SCI, resulting in impaired energy expenditure, glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity. Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive tool that can be used to assess mitochondrial capacity. Objectives: (1) Highlight methodological limitations impacting data acquisition and analysis such as subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness, movement artifacts, inadequate muscle stimulation, light interference, and ischemic discomfort. (2) Provide technical considerations to improve data acquisition and analysis. This may serve as guidance to other researchers and clinicians using NIRS. Study Design: cross-sectional observational design. Settings: Clinical research medical center. Participants: Sixteen men with 1 > year post motor complete SCI. Methods: NIRS signals were obtained from right vastus lateralis muscle utilizing a portable system. Signals were fit to a mono-exponential curve. Outcome Measures: Rate constant and r2 values for the fit curve, indirectly measures mitochondrial capacity. Results: Only four participants produced data with accepted rate constants of 0.002-0.013 s-1 and r2 of 0.71-0.87. Applications of studentized residuals ≥2.5 resulted in sparing data from another four participants with rate constants of 0.010-0.018 s-1and r2 values ranging from 0.86-0.99. Conclusions: Several limitations may challenge the use of NIRS to assess mitochondrial capacity after SCI. Acknowledging these limitations and applying additional data processing techniques may overcome the discussed limitations and facilitate data sparing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina P. Ghatas
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew E. Holman
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ashraf S. Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Correspondence to: Ashraf S. Gorgey, Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd, Richmond, VA23249, USA. ;
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Zurbuchen A, Lanzi S, Voirol L, Trindade CB, Gojanovic B, Kayser B, Bourdillon N, Chenevière X, Malatesta D. Fat Oxidation Kinetics Is Related to Muscle Deoxygenation Kinetics During Exercise. Front Physiol 2020; 11:571. [PMID: 32581846 PMCID: PMC7289152 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to determine whether whole-body fat oxidation and muscle deoxygenation kinetics parameters during exercise were related in individuals with different aerobic fitness levels. Methods Eleven cyclists [peak oxygen uptake (V.O2peak): 64.9 ± 3.9 mL⋅kg–1⋅min–1] and 11 active individuals (V.O2peak: 49.1 ± 7.4 mL⋅kg–1⋅min–1) performed a maximal incremental cycling test to determine V.O2peak and a submaximal incremental cycling test to assess whole-body fat oxidation using indirect calorimetry and muscle deoxygenation kinetics of the vastus lateralis (VL) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A sinusoidal (SIN) model was used to characterize fat oxidation kinetics and to determine the intensity (Fatmax) eliciting maximal fat oxidation (MFO). The muscle deoxygenation response was fitted with a double linear model. The slope of the first parts of the kinetics (a1) and the breakpoint ([HHb]BP) were determined. Results MFO (p = 0.01) and absolute fat oxidation rates between 20 and 65% V.O2peak were higher in cyclists than in active participants (p < 0.05), while Fatmax occurred at a higher absolute exercise intensity (p = 0.01). a1 was lower in cyclists (p = 0.02) and [HHb]BP occurred at a higher absolute intensity (p < 0.001) than in active individuals. V.O2peak was strongly correlated with MFO, Fatmax, and [HHb]BP (r = 0.65–0.88, p ≤ 0.001). MFO and Fatmax were both correlated with [HHb]BP (r = 0.66, p = 0.01 and r = 0.68, p < 0.001, respectively) and tended to be negatively correlated with a1 (r = -0.41, p = 0.06 for both). Conclusion This study showed that whole-body fat oxidation and muscle deoxygenation kinetics were both related to aerobic fitness and that a relationship between the two kinetics exists. Individuals with greater aerobic fitness may have a delayed reliance on glycolytic metabolism at higher exercise intensities because of a longer maintained balance between O2 delivery and consumption supporting higher fat oxidation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouck Zurbuchen
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Lanzi
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Doctrine Selon Convention SSP-FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Angiology, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Voirol
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Doctrine Selon Convention SSP-FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cybele Barboza Trindade
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Doctrine Selon Convention SSP-FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Boris Gojanovic
- Sports Medicine Unit, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Department for Locomotion, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Doctrine Selon Convention SSP-FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bourdillon
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Doctrine Selon Convention SSP-FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Chenevière
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Doctrine Selon Convention SSP-FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Lauver JD, Cayot TE, Rotarius TR, Scheuermann BW. Acute Neuromuscular and Microvascular Responses to Concentric and Eccentric Exercises With Blood Flow Restriction. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 34:2725-2733. [PMID: 31524780 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lauver, JD, Cayot, TE, Rotarius, TR, and Scheuermann, BW. Acute neuromuscular and microvascular responses to concentric and eccentric exercises with blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2725-2733, 2020-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the addition of blood flow restriction (BFR) during concentric and eccentric exercises on muscle excitation and microvascular oxygenation status. Subjects (N = 17) were randomly assigned to either a concentric (CON, CON + BFR) or eccentric (ECC, ECC + BFR) group, with one leg assigned to BFR and the other to non-BFR. Surface electromyography and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to measure muscle excitation and microvascular deoxygenation (deoxy-[Hb + Mb]) and [total hemoglobin concentration] during each condition, respectively. On separate days, subjects completed 4 sets (30, 15, 15, 15) of knee extension exercise at 30% maximal torque, and 1 minute of rest was provided between the sets. Greater excitation of the vastus medialis was observed during CON + BFR (54.4 ± 13.3% maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) and ECC + BFR (53.0 ± 18.0% MVIC) compared with CON (42.0 ± 10.8% MVIC) and ECC (46.8 ± 9.6% MVIC). Change in deoxy-[Hb + Mb] was greater during CON + BFR (10.0 ± 10.4 μM) than during CON (4.1 ± 4.0 μM; p < 0.001). ECC + BFR (7.8 ± 6.7 μM) was significantly greater than ECC (3.5 ± 4.7 μM; p = 0.001). Total hemoglobin concentration was greater for ECC + BFR (7.9 ± 4.4 μM) compared with ECC (5.5 ± 3.5 μM). The addition of BFR to eccentric and concentric exercises resulted in a significant increase in metabolic stress and muscle excitation compared with non-BFR exercise. These findings suggest that although BFR may increase the hypertrophic stimulus during both modes of contraction, BFR during concentric contractions may result in a greater stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob D Lauver
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina
| | - Trent E Cayot
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Timothy R Rotarius
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Adrian College, Adrian, Michigan; and
| | - Barry W Scheuermann
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
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13
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Shadgan B, Macnab A, Fong A, Manouchehri N, So K, Shortt K, Streijger F, Cripton PA, Sayre EC, Dumont GA, Pagano R, Kim KT, Kwon BK. Optical Assessment of Spinal Cord Tissue Oxygenation Using a Miniaturized Near Infrared Spectroscopy Sensor. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:3034-3043. [PMID: 31044642 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI), measures to mitigate permanent neurological deficits in affected patients are limited. Immediate post-trauma hemodynamic management of patients, to maintain blood supply and improve oxygenation to the injured spinal cord, is currently one aspect of critical care which clinicians can utilize to improve neurological outcomes. However, without a way to monitor the response of spinal cord hemodynamics and oxygenation in real time, optimizing hemodynamic management is challenging and limited in scope. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and validity of using a miniaturized multi-wavelength near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor for direct transdural monitoring of spinal cord oxygenation in an animal model of acute SCI. Nine Yorkshire pigs underwent a weight-drop T10 contusion-compression injury and received episodes of ventilatory hypoxia and alterations in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Spinal cord hemodynamics and oxygenation were monitored throughout by a non-invasive transdural NIRS sensor, as well as an invasive intraparenchymal sensor as a comparison. NIRS parameters of tissue oxygenation were highly correlated with intraparenchymal measures of tissue oxygenation. In particular, during periods of hypoxia and MAP alterations, changes of NIRS-derived spinal cord oxygenated hemoglobin and tissue oxygenation percentage corresponded well with the changes in spinal cord oxygen partial pressures measured by the intraparenchymal sensor. Our data confirm that during hypoxic episodes and as changes occur in the MAP, non-invasive NIRS can detect and measure real-time changes in spinal cord oxygenation with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Shadgan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Macnab
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Allan Fong
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neda Manouchehri
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kitty So
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katelyn Shortt
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter A Cripton
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Orthopaedic and Injury Biomechanics Group, Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Orthopaedics and School of Biomedical Engineering, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric C Sayre
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy A Dumont
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roberto Pagano
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Brian K Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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14
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Goulding RP, Roche DM, Marwood S. Hyperoxia speeds pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and increases critical power during supine cycling. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1061-1073. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise M. Roche
- School of Health SciencesLiverpool Hope University Liverpool UK
| | - Simon Marwood
- School of Health SciencesLiverpool Hope University Liverpool UK
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15
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Biazon TMPC, Ugrinowitsch C, Soligon SD, Oliveira RM, Bergamasco JG, Borghi-Silva A, Libardi CA. The Association Between Muscle Deoxygenation and Muscle Hypertrophy to Blood Flow Restricted Training Performed at High and Low Loads. Front Physiol 2019; 10:446. [PMID: 31057426 PMCID: PMC6479177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic stress induced by blood flow restriction (BFR) during resistance training (RT) might maximize muscle growth. However, it is currently unknown whether metabolic stress are associated with muscle hypertrophy after RT protocols with high- or low load. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the effect of high load RT (HL-RT), high load BFR (HL-BFR), and low load BFR (LL-BFR) on deoxyhemoglobin concentration [HHb] (proxy marker of metabolic stress), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), activation, strength, architecture and edema before (T1), after 5 (T2), and 10 weeks (T3) of training with these protocols. Additionally, we analyzed the occurrence of association between muscle deoxygenation and muscle hypertrophy. Thirty young men were selected and each of participants’ legs was allocated to one of the three experimental protocols in a randomized and balanced way according to quartiles of the baseline CSA and leg extension 1-RM values of the dominant leg. The dynamic maximum strength was measured by 1-RM test and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle cross-sectional area CSA echo intensity (CSAecho) and pennation angle (PA) were performed through ultrasound images. The measurement of muscle activation by surface electromyography (EMG) and [HHb] through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of VL were performed during the training session with relative load obtained after the 1-RM, before (T1), after 5 (T2), and 10 weeks (T3) training. The training total volume (TTV) was greater for HL-RT and HL-BFR compared to LL-BFR. There was no difference in 1-RM, CSA, CSAecho, CSAecho/CSA, and PA increases between protocols. Regarding the magnitude of the EMG, the HL-RT and HL-BFR groups showed higher values than and LL-BFR. On the other hand, [HHb] was higher for HL-BFR and LL-BFR. In conclusion, our results suggest that the addition of BFR to exercise contributes to neuromuscular adaptations only when RT is performed with low-load. Furthermore, we found a significant association between the changes in [HHb] (i.e., metabolic stress) and increases in muscle CSA from T2 to T3 only for the LL-BFR, when muscle edema was attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís M P C Biazon
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel D Soligon
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ramon M Oliveira
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - João G Bergamasco
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
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16
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Reis JF, Fatela P, Mendonca GV, Vaz JR, Valamatos MJ, Infante J, Mil-Homens P, Alves FB. Tissue Oxygenation in Response to Different Relative Levels of Blood-Flow Restricted Exercise. Front Physiol 2019; 10:407. [PMID: 31031637 PMCID: PMC6470188 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood flow restrictive (BFR) exercise elicits a localized hypoxic environment compatible with greater metabolic stress. We intended to compare the acute changes in muscle microvascular oxygenation following low-intensity knee extension exercise, combined with different levels of BFR. Thirteen active young men (age: 23.8 ± 5.4 years) were tested for unilateral knee extension exercise (30 + 15 + 15 + 15 reps at 20% one repetition maximum) on four different conditions: no-BFR (NOBFR), 40, 60, and 80% of arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). Deoxyhemoglobin+myoglobin concentration Deoxy[Hb+Mb], total hemoglobin [T(H+Mb)] and tissue oxygen saturation [TOI] were measured on the vastus lateralis muscle using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIMO, Nirox srl, Brescia, Italy). The magnitude of change in Deoxy[Hb+Mb]during exercise was similar between 60 and 80% AOP. Overall, compared to that seen during 60 and 80% AOP, NOBFR as well as 40% AOP resulted in a lower magnitude of change in Deoxy[Hb+Mb] (p < 0.05). While the oxygen extraction decreased during each inter-set resting interval in NOBFR and 40% AOP, this was not the case for 60 or 80% AOP. Additionally, TOI values obtained during recovery from each set of exercise were similarly affected by all conditions. Finally, our data also show that, when performed at higher restrictive values (60 and 80%), BFR exercise increases total Deoxy[Hb+Mb] extraction (p < 0.05). Taken together, we provide evidence that BFR is effective for increasing deoxygenation and reducing tissue oxygenation during low-intensity exercise. We also showed that when using low loads, a relative pressure above 40% of the AOP at rest is required to elicit changes in microvascular oxygenation compared with the same exercise with unrestricted conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F. Reis
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Ciper, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fatela
- Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biomechanics and Functional Morphology Laboratory, Faculdade de Motrocidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Goncalo V. Mendonca
- Ciper, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joao R. Vaz
- Ciper, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Maria J. Valamatos
- Ciper, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biomechanics and Functional Morphology Laboratory, Faculdade de Motrocidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Infante
- Spertlab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Mil-Homens
- Ciper, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biomechanics and Functional Morphology Laboratory, Faculdade de Motrocidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco B. Alves
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Ciper, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Barstow TJ. Understanding near infrared spectroscopy and its application to skeletal muscle research. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1360-1376. [PMID: 30844336 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00166.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a powerful noninvasive tool with which to study the matching of oxygen delivery to oxygen utilization and the number of new publications utilizing this technique has increased exponentially in the last 20 yr. By measuring the state of oxygenation of the primary heme compounds in skeletal muscle (hemoglobin and myoglobin), greater understanding of the underlying control mechanisms that couple perfusive and diffusive oxygen delivery to oxidative metabolism can be gained from the laboratory to the athletic field to the intensive care unit or emergency room. However, the field of NIRS has been complicated by the diversity of instrumentation, the inherent limitations of some of these technologies, the associated diversity of terminology, and a general lack of standardization of protocols. This Cores of Reproducibility in Physiology (CORP) will describe in basic but important detail the most common methodologies of NIRS, their strengths and limitations, and discuss some of the potential confounding factors that can affect the quality and reproducibility of NIRS data. Recommendations are provided to reduce the variability and errors in data collection, analysis, and interpretation. The goal of this CORP is to provide readers with a greater understanding of the methodology, limitations, and best practices so as to improve the reproducibility of NIRS research in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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18
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Stöcker F, Neidenbach R, Fritz C, Oberhoffer RM, Ewert P, Hager A, Nagdyman N. Oxygen Availability in Respiratory Muscles During Exercise in Children Following Fontan Operation. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:96. [PMID: 30972311 PMCID: PMC6443956 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: As survival of previously considered as lethal congenital heart disease forms is the case in our days, issues regarding quality of life including sport and daily activities emerge. In patients with Fontan circulation, there is no pump to propel blood into the pulmonary arteries since the systemic veins are directly connected to the pulmonary arteries. The complex hemodynamics of Fontan circulation include atrial function, peripheral muscle pump, integrity of the atrioventricular valve, absence of restrictive, or obstructive pulmonary lung function. Therefore, thoracic mechanics are of particular importance within the complex hemodynamics of Fontan circulation. Methods: To understand the physiology of respiratory muscles, the aim of this study was to examine the matching of auxiliary respiratory muscle oxygen delivery and utilization during incremental exercise in young male Fontan patients (n = 22, age = 12.04 ± 2.51) and healthy Controls (n = 10, age = 14.90 ± 2.23). All subjects underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to exhaustion whereas respiratory muscle oxygenation was measured non-invasively using a near-infrared spectrometer (NIRS). Results: CPET revealed significantly lower peak power output, oxygen uptake and breath activity in Fontan patients. The onset of respiratory muscle deoxygenation was significantly earlier. The matching of local muscle perfusion to oxygen demand was significantly worse in Fontans between 50 and 90% V . O 2 peak . Findings: The results indicate that (a) there is high strain on respiratory muscles during incremental cycling exercise and (b) auxiliary respiratory muscles are worse perfused in patients who underwent a Fontan procedure compared to healthy Controls. This might be indicative of a more general skeletal muscle strain and worse perfusion in Fontan patients rather than a localized-limited to thoracic muscles phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Stöcker
- Department for Sport and Health Sciences, Teaching and Educational Center, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rhoia Neidenbach
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Celina Fritz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate M Oberhoffer
- Department for Sport and Health Sciences, Chair of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Ewert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfred Hager
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Nagdyman
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Centre, Munich, Germany
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19
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Mantooth WP, Mehta RK, Rhee J, Cavuoto LA. Task and sex differences in muscle oxygenation during handgrip fatigue development. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:1646-1656. [PMID: 30317942 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1504991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine task and sex differences in forearm muscle oxygenation, measured using near infrared spectroscopy, during sustained submaximal handgrip exercises. Forty-eight adults (50% males) performed fatiguing handgrip exercises at 20, 40, 60 and 80% of their maximum handgrip strength. While males and females exhibited similar levels of relative fatigability, forearm oxygenation was found to be task (i.e. contraction intensity and phase of fatigue development) and sex dependent. Higher contraction intensities were associated with greater desaturation over time. Compared to females, males exhibited greater desaturation as fatigue progressed and this was augmented at higher contraction intensities. These may be likely affected by sex differences in muscle mass, morphology and strength differences during exercises at relative intensities. Future work that explores sex differences in muscle oxygenation during absolute force intensities are needed, which may have implications for muscle fatigue development and potential fatigue mitigation strategies. Practitioner Summary: Muscle oxygenation impacts fatigue development that can in turn affect worker health and productivity. Males exhibit greater forearm desaturation than females at higher relative work intensities, despite similar fatigue levels. Females may be predisposed to greater muscle delivery and oxygenation challenges that can increase their fatigability during work at absolute load levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney P Mantooth
- a Environmental and Occupational Health , Texas A&M University, College Station , TX , USA
| | - Ranjana K Mehta
- a Environmental and Occupational Health , Texas A&M University, College Station , TX , USA
- b Industrial and Systems Engineering , Texas A&M University, College Station , TX , USA
| | - Joohyun Rhee
- a Environmental and Occupational Health , Texas A&M University, College Station , TX , USA
| | - Lora A Cavuoto
- c Industrial and Systems Engineering , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
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20
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Alhammoud M, Morel B, Girard O, Racinais S, Sevrez V, Germain A, Chamu T, Hautier C. Hypoxia and Fatigue Impair Rapid Torque Development of Knee Extensors in Elite Alpine Skiers. Front Physiol 2018; 9:962. [PMID: 30140231 PMCID: PMC6094991 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of acute hypoxia on maximal and explosive torque and fatigability in knee extensors of skiers. Twenty-two elite male alpine skiers performed 35 maximal, repeated isokinetic knee extensions at 180°s-1 (total exercise duration 61.25 s) in normoxia (NOR, FiO2 0.21) and normobaric hypoxia (HYP, FiO2 0.13) in a randomized, single-blind design. Peak torque and rate of torque development (RTD) from 0 to 100 ms and associated Vastus Lateralis peak EMG activity and rate of EMG rise (RER) were determined for each contraction. Relative changes in deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the VL muscle were monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy. Peak torque and peak EMG activity did not differ between conditions and decreased similarly with fatigue (p < 0.001), with peak torque decreasing continuously but EMG activity decreasing significantly after 30 contractions only. Compared to NOR, RTD, and RER values were lower in HYP during the first 12 and 9 contractions, respectively (both p < 0.05). Deoxyhemoglobin concentration during the last five contractions was higher in HYP than NOR (p = 0.050) but the delta between maximal and minimal deoxyhemoglobin for each contraction was similar in HYP and NOR suggesting a similar muscle O2 utilization. Post-exercise heart rate (138 ± 24 bpm) and blood lactate concentration (5.8 ± 3.1 mmol.l-1) did not differ between conditions. Arterial oxygen saturation was significantly lower (84 ± 4 vs. 98 ± 1%, p < 0.001) and ratings of perceived exertion higher (6 ± 1 vs. 5 ± 1, p < 0.001) in HYP than NOR. In summary, hypoxia limits RTD via a decrease in neural drive in elite alpine skiers undertaking maximal repeated isokinetic knee extensions, but the effect of hypoxic exposure is negated as fatigue develops. Isokinetic testing protocols for elite alpine skiers should incorporate RTD and RER measurements as they display a higher sensitivity than peak torque and EMG activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Alhammoud
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,French Ski Federation, Annecy, France
| | - Baptiste Morel
- Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sebastien Racinais
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Violaine Sevrez
- French National Center for Scientific Research, Institute of Movement Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thomas Chamu
- Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital La Sauvegarde, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Hautier
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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21
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Goulding RP, Roche DM, Marwood S. Elevated baseline work rate slows pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and decreases critical power during upright cycle exercise. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13802. [PMID: 30039557 PMCID: PMC6056736 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical power is a fundamental parameter defining high-intensity exercise tolerance, and is related to the phase II time constant of pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics (τV˙O2). Whether this relationship is causative is presently unclear. This study determined the impact of raised baseline work rate, which increases τV˙O2, on critical power during upright cycle exercise. Critical power was determined via four constant-power exercise tests to exhaustion in two conditions: (1) with exercise initiated from an unloaded cycling baseline (U→S), and (2) with exercise initiated from a baseline work rate of 90% of the gas exchange threshold (M→S). During these exercise transitions, τV˙O2 and the time constant of muscle deoxyhemoglobin kinetics (τ[HHb + Mb] ) (the latter via near-infrared spectroscopy) were determined. In M→S, critical power was lower (M→S = 203 ± 44 W vs. U→S = 213 ± 45 W, P = 0.011) and τV˙O2 was greater (M→S = 51 ± 14 sec vs. U→S = 34 ± 16 sec, P = 0.002) when compared with U→S. Additionally, τ[HHb + Mb] was greater in M→S compared with U→S (M→S = 28 ± 7 sec vs. U→S = 14 ± 7 sec, P = 0.007). The increase in τV˙O2 and concomitant reduction in critical power in M→S compared with U→S suggests a causal relationship between these two parameters. However, that τ[HHb + Mb] was greater in M→S exculpates reduced oxygen availability as being a confounding factor. These data therefore provide the first experimental evidence that τV˙O2 is an independent determinant of critical power. Keywords critical power, exercise tolerance, oxygen uptake kinetics, power-duration relationship, muscle deoxyhemoglobin kinetics, work-to-work exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richie P. Goulding
- School of Health SciencesLiverpool Hope UniversityLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Denise M. Roche
- School of Health SciencesLiverpool Hope UniversityLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon Marwood
- School of Health SciencesLiverpool Hope UniversityLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
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22
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Hammer SM, Alexander AM, Didier KD, Smith JR, Caldwell JT, Sutterfield SL, Ade CJ, Barstow TJ. The noninvasive simultaneous measurement of tissue oxygenation and microvascular hemodynamics during incremental handgrip exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:604-614. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00815.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb blood flow increases linearly with exercise intensity; however, invasive measurements of muscle microvascular blood flow during incremental exercise have demonstrated submaximal plateaus. We tested the hypotheses that 1) brachial artery blood flow (Q̇BA) would increase with increasing exercise intensity until task failure, 2) blood flow index of the flexor digitorum superficialis (BFIFDS) measured noninvasively via diffuse correlation spectroscopy would plateau at a submaximal work rate, and 3) muscle oxygenation characteristics (total-[heme], deoxy-[heme], and percentage saturation) measured noninvasively with near-infrared spectroscopy would demonstrate a plateau at a similar work rate as BFIFDS. Sixteen subjects (23.3 ± 3.9 yr, 170.8 ± 1.9 cm, 72.8 ± 3.4 kg) participated in this study. Peak power (Ppeak) was determined for each subject (1.8 ± 0.4 W) via an incremental handgrip exercise test. Q̇BA, BFIFDS, total-[heme], deoxy-[heme], and percentage saturation were measured during each stage of the exercise test. On a subsequent testing day, muscle activation measurements of the FDS (RMSFDS) were collected during each stage of an identical incremental handgrip exercise test via electromyography from a subset of subjects ( n = 7). Q̇BA increased with exercise intensity until the final work rate transition ( P < 0.05). No increases in BFIFDS or muscle oxygenation characteristics were observed at exercise intensities greater than 51.5 ± 22.9% of Ppeak. No submaximal plateau in RMSFDS was observed. Whereas muscle activation of the FDS increased until task failure, noninvasively measured indices of perfusive and diffusive muscle microvascular oxygen delivery demonstrated submaximal plateaus. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Invasive measurements of muscle microvascular blood flow during incremental exercise have demonstrated submaximal plateaus. We demonstrate that indices of perfusive and diffusive microvascular oxygen transport to skeletal muscle, measured completely noninvasively, plateau at submaximal work rates during incremental exercise, even though limb blood flow and muscle recruitment continued to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Hammer
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | | | - Kaylin D. Didier
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Joshua R. Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Jacob T. Caldwell
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | | | - Carl J. Ade
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Thomas J. Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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Zimeo Morais GA, Scholkmann F, Balardin JB, Furucho RA, de Paula RCV, Biazoli CE, Sato JR. Non-neuronal evoked and spontaneous hemodynamic changes in the anterior temporal region of the human head may lead to misinterpretations of functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals. NEUROPHOTONICS 2018; 5:011002. [PMID: 28840166 PMCID: PMC5566266 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.5.1.011002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Several functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies report their findings based on changes of a single chromophore, usually concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin ([[Formula: see text]]) or deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb). However, influence of physiological actions may differ depending on which element is considered and the assumption that the chosen measure correlates with the neural response of interest might not hold. By assessing the correlation between [[Formula: see text]] and [HHb] in task-evoked activity as well as resting-state data, we identified a spatial dependency of non-neuronal hemodynamic changes in the anterior temporal region of the human head. Our findings support the importance of reporting and discussing fNIRS outcomes obtained with both chromophores ([[Formula: see text]] and [HHb]), in particular, for studies concerning the anterior temporal region of the human head. This practice should help to achieve a physiologically correct interpretation of the results when no measurements with short-distance channels are available while employing continuous-wave fNIRS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joana Bisol Balardin
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Center for Mathematics Computing and Cognition, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- Instituto do Cérebro, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Akira Furucho
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Center for Mathematics Computing and Cognition, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Center for Mathematics Computing and Cognition, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Center for Mathematics Computing and Cognition, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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24
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Agbangla NF, Audiffren M, Albinet CT. Assessing muscular oxygenation during incremental exercise using near-infrared spectroscopy: comparison of three different methods. Physiol Res 2017; 66:979-985. [PMID: 28937254 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), this study compared three different methods, namely the slope method (SM), the amplitude method (AM), and the area under the curve (AUC) method to determine the variations of intramuscular oxygenation level as a function of workload. Ten right-handed subjects (22+/-4 years) performed one isometric contraction at each of three different workloads (30 %, 50 % and 90 % of maximal voluntary strength) during a period of twenty seconds. Changes in oxyhemoglobin (delta[HbO(2)]) and deoxyhemoglobin (delta[HHb]) concentrations in the superficial flexor of fingers were recorded using continuous-wave NIRS. The results showed a strong consistency between the three methods, with standardized Cronbach alphas of 0.87 for delta[HHb] and 0.95 for delta[HbO(2)]. No significant differences between the three methods were observed concerning delta[HHb] as a function of workload. However, only the SM showed sufficient sensitivity to detect a significant decrease in delta[HbO(2)] between 30 % and 50 % of workload (p<0.01). Among these three methods, the SM appeared to be the only method that was well adapted and sensitive enough to determine slight changes in delta[HbO(2)]. Theoretical and methodological implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Agbangla
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (UMR7295), Université de Poitiers and Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Poitiers, France, Laboratoire Sciences de la Cognition, Technologie, Ergonomie (SCoTE), Université de Toulouse, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
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25
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Bendahan D, Chatel B, Jue T. Comparative NMR and NIRS analysis of oxygen-dependent metabolism in exercising finger flexor muscles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R740-R753. [PMID: 28877871 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00203.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscle contraction requires the physiology to adapt rapidly to meet the surge in energy demand. To investigate the shift in metabolic control, especially between oxygen and metabolism, researchers often depend on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure noninvasively the tissue O2 Because NIRS detects the overlapping myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb) signals in muscle, interpreting the data as an index of cellular or vascular O2 requires deconvoluting the relative contribution. Currently, many in the NIRS field ascribe the signal to Hb. In contrast, 1H NMR has only detected the Mb signal in contracting muscle, and comparative NIRS and NMR experiments indicate a predominant Mb contribution. The present study has examined the question of the NIRS signal origin by measuring simultaneously the 1H NMR, 31P NMR, and NIRS signals in finger flexor muscles during the transition from rest to contraction, recovery, ischemia, and reperfusion. The experiment results confirm a predominant Mb contribution to the NIRS signal from muscle. Given the NMR and NIRS corroborated changes in the intracellular O2, the analysis shows that at the onset of muscle contraction, O2 declines immediately and reaches new steady states as contraction intensity rises. Moreover, lactate formation increases even under quite aerobic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bendahan
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Chatel
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Jue
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; and
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26
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Moreno AM, Toledo-Arruda AC, Lima JS, Duarte CS, Villacorta H, Nóbrega AC. Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Intercostal and Forearm Muscle Oxygenation in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: Evidence of the Origin of the Respiratory Metaboreflex. J Card Fail 2017; 23:672-679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Beltrame T, Villar R, Hughson RL. Sex differences in the oxygen delivery, extraction, and uptake during moderate-walking exercise transition. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:994-1000. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in children and older adults demonstrated faster oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics in males compared with females, but young healthy adults have not been studied. We hypothesized that young men would have faster aerobic system dynamics in response to the onset of exercise than women. Interactions between oxygen supply and utilization were characterized by the dynamics of V̇O2, deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), tissue saturation index (TSI), cardiac output (Q̇), and calculated arteriovenous O2 difference (a–vO2diff) in women and men. Eighteen healthy active young women and men (9 of each sex) with similar aerobic fitness levels volunteered for this study. Participants performed an incremental cardiopulmonary treadmill exercise test and 3 moderate-intensity treadmill exercise tests (at 80% V̇O2 of gas exchange threshold). Data related to the moderate exercise were submitted to exponential data modelling to obtain parameters related to the aerobic system dynamics. The time constants of V̇O2, a–vO2diff, HHb, and TSI (30 ± 6, 29 ± 1, 16 ± 1, and 15 ± 2 s, respectively) in women were statistically (p < 0.05) faster than the time constants in men (42 ± 10, 49 ± 21, 19 ± 3, and 20 ± 4 s, respectively). Although Q̇ dynamics were not statistically different (p = 0.06) between groups, there was a trend to slower Q̇ dynamics in men corresponding with the slower V̇O2 kinetics. These results indicated that the peripheral and pulmonary oxygen extraction dynamics were remarkably faster in women. Thus, contrary to the hypothesis, V̇O2 dynamics measured at the mouth at the onset of submaximal treadmill walking were faster in women compared with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Beltrame
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, CEP: 71605-001, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Villar
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Natural Sciences, Franklin Pierce University, Rindge, NH 03461, USA
| | - Richard L. Hughson
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON N2J 0E2, Canada
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28
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Goulding RP, Roche DM, Marwood S. Prior exercise speeds pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and increases critical power during supine but not upright cycling. Exp Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28627041 DOI: 10.1113/ep086304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Critical power (CP) represents the highest work rate for which a metabolic steady state is attainable. The physiological determinants of CP are unclear, but research suggests that CP might be related to the time constant of phase II oxygen uptake kinetics (τV̇O2). What is the main finding and its importance? We provide the first evidence that τV̇O2 is mechanistically related to CP. A reduction of τV̇O2 in the supine position was observed alongside a concomitant increase in CP. This effect may be contingent on measures of oxygen availability derived from near-infrared spectroscopy. Critical power (CP) is a fundamental parameter defining high-intensity exercise tolerance and is related to the time constant of phase II pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics (τV̇O2). To test the hypothesis that this relationship is causal, we determined the impact of prior exercise ('priming') on CP and τV̇O2 in the upright and supine positions. Seventeen healthy men were assigned to either upright or supine exercise groups, whereby CP, τV̇O2 and muscle deoxyhaemoglobin kinetics (τ[HHb] ) were determined via constant-power tests to exhaustion at four work rates with (primed) and without (control) priming exercise at ∼31%Δ. During supine exercise, priming reduced τV̇O2 (control 54 ± 18 s versus primed 39 ± 11 s; P < 0.001), increased τ[HHb] (control 8 ± 4 s versus primed 12 ± 4 s; P = 0.003) and increased CP (control 177 ± 31 W versus primed 185 ± 30 W, P = 0.006) compared with control conditions. However, priming exercise had no effect on τV̇O2 (control 37 ± 12 s versus primed 35 ± 8 s; P = 0.82), τ[HHb] (control 10 ± 5 s versus primed 14 ± 10 s; P = 0.10) or CP (control 235 ± 42 W versus primed 232 ± 35 W; P = 0.57) during upright exercise. The concomitant reduction of τV̇O2 and increased CP following priming in the supine group, effects that were absent in the upright group, provide the first experimental evidence that τV̇O2 is mechanistically related to critical power. The increased τ[HHb+Mb] suggests that this effect was mediated, at least in part, by improved oxygen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richie P Goulding
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park Campus, Liverpool, Merseyside, L16 9JD, UK
| | - Denise M Roche
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park Campus, Liverpool, Merseyside, L16 9JD, UK
| | - Simon Marwood
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park Campus, Liverpool, Merseyside, L16 9JD, UK
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29
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Oxygen consumption of gastrocnemius medialis muscle during submaximal voluntary isometric contractions with and without preceding stretch. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4674. [PMID: 28680113 PMCID: PMC5498657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After an active muscle stretch, maintaining a certain amount of force in the following isometric phase is accompanied by less muscle activation compared to an isometric contraction without preceding active stretch at the corresponding muscle length. This reduced muscle activation might be related to reduced metabolic costs, such as the oxidative metabolism. Hence, the aim of this study was to clarify if mechanisms associated with stretch-induced activation reduction (AR) also influence oxygen consumption of voluntary activated human muscles after active stretch. Plantarflexion torque of 20 subjects was measured during 1) purely isometric and 2) active stretch contractions (26°, 60°/s), at a submaximal torque level of 30% MVC. Oxygen consumption (m\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{\rm{V}}$$\end{document}V·O2) of gastrocnemius medialis (GM) was estimated by near-infrared spectroscopy while applying arterial occlusion. Since the overall group did not show AR at GM after active stretch (p > 0.19), a subgroup was defined (n = 10) showing AR of 13.0 ± 10.3% (p = 0.00). However, for both purely isometric and active contractions m\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{\rm{V}}$$\end{document}V·O2 was the same (p = 0.32). Therefore, AR triggered by active stretch did not affect m\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{\rm{V}}$$\end{document}V·O2 of active human muscle.
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30
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Lauver JD, Cayot TE, Rotarius T, Scheuermann BW. The effect of eccentric exercise with blood flow restriction on neuromuscular activation, microvascular oxygenation, and the repeated bout effect. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1005-1015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Salvi M, Rimini D, Molinari F, Bestente G, Bruno A. Effect of low-level light therapy on diabetic foot ulcers: a near-infrared spectroscopy study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:38001. [PMID: 28265648 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.3.038001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a diabetic complication due to peripheral vasculopathy and neuropathy. A promising technology for wound healing in DFU is low-level light therapy (LLLT). Despite several studies showing positive effects of LLLT on DFU, LLLT’s physiological effects have not yet been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate vascular and nervous systems modification in DFU after LLLT. Two samples of 45 DFU patients and 11 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The total hemoglobin (totHb) concentration change was monitored before and after LLLT by near-infrared spectroscopy and analyzed in time and frequency domains. The spectral power of the totHb changes in the very-low frequency (VLF, 20 to 60 mHz) and low frequency (LF, 60 to 140 mHz) bandwidths was calculated. Data analysis revealed a mean increase of totHb concentration after LLLT in DFU patients, but not in HC. VLF/LF ratio decreased significantly after the LLLT period in DFU patients (indicating an increased activity of the autonomic nervous system), but not in HC. Eventually, different treatment intensities in LLLT therapy showed a different response in DFU. Overall, our results demonstrate that LLLT improves blood flow and autonomic nervous system regulation in DFU and the importance of light intensity in therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Salvi
- Politecnico di Torino, Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Rimini
- Politecnico di Torino, Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Politecnico di Torino, Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Bruno
- AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-San Giovanni Antica Sede, Diabetology Department, Turin, Italy
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32
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Ma GD, Chen WC, Tsai SM, Kan NW, Chiu LL, Chien KY. Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Physiological Parameters of Muscle Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women. Percept Mot Skills 2017; 124:477-490. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512516689403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We compared responses from postmenopausal women living a sedentary lifestyle ( n = 15; Mean age= 59; SD = 4.2) to a single bout of water- or land-based exercise with respect to ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), lactate concentration, and muscle oxygen saturation. Each participant was randomly assigned to a single water- or land-based 50-minute bout of combined aerobic and resistance exercise. Blood samples were collected to detect pre- and post-exercise lactate concentration. Total hemoglobin, deoxidized hemoglobin, and the percentage change in the total oxygen saturation index (TSI%) of the rectus femoris were detected by means of near-infrared spectroscopy. We found similar RPE at various stages of land- and water-based exercise, and a similar change in lactate concentration in these environments (in water: 4.35 ± 1.49 mol/L; on land: 3.62 ± 1.18 mol/L). However, the reduction in HHb response was less pronounced after water-based exercise, and TSI% increased on land but decreased in water, with the magnitude of this change much higher on land. For similar RPE and lactate concentration, the oxygen saturation in the exercising muscles decreased in water, suggesting higher oxygen consumption in water than on land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-dong Ma
- Sport Science College, Jilin Sport University, China
| | - Wan-Chin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Sport Equipment Technology, University of Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Min Tsai
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Kan
- Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Chiu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taiwan
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33
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Casanova N, Reis JF, Vaz JR, Machado R, Mendes B, Button DC, Pezarat-Correia P, Freitas SR. Effects of roller massager on muscle recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:56-63. [PMID: 28095747 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1280609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments (n = 10) were conducted to determine the effects of roller massager (RM) on ankle plantar flexor muscle recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Experiment 1 examined both functional [i.e., ankle plantar flexion maximal isometric contraction and submaximal (30%) sustained force; ankle dorsiflexion maximal range of motion and resistance to stretch; and medial gastrocnemius pain pressure threshold] and morphological [cross-sectional area, thickness, fascicle length, and fascicle angle] variables, before and immediately, 1, 24, 48, and 72 h after an EIMD stimulus. Experiment 2 examined medial gastrocnemius deoxyhaemoglobin concentration kinetics before and 48 h after EIMD. Participants performed both experiments twice: with (RM) and without (no-roller massager; NRM) the application of a RM (6 × 45 s; 20-s rest between sets). RM intervention did not alter the functional impairment after EIMD, as well as the medial gastrocnemius morphology and oxygenation kinetics (P > 0.05). Although, an acute increase of ipsilateral (RM = + 19%, NRM = -5%, P = 0.032) and a strong tendency for contralateral (P = 0.095) medial gastrocnemius pain pressure threshold were observed. The present results suggest that a RM has no effect on plantar flexors performance, morphology, and oxygenation recovery after EIMD, except for muscle pain pressure threshold (i.e., a soreness).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Casanova
- a CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana , Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa , Cruz Quebrada , Dafundo , Portugal
| | - Joana F Reis
- a CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana , Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa , Cruz Quebrada , Dafundo , Portugal.,b Escola de Turismo, Desporto e Hospitalidade , Universidade Europeia , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - João R Vaz
- a CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana , Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa , Cruz Quebrada , Dafundo , Portugal.,b Escola de Turismo, Desporto e Hospitalidade , Universidade Europeia , Lisboa , Portugal.,d Sport Lisboa e Benfica , Benfica LAB , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Rita Machado
- a CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana , Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa , Cruz Quebrada , Dafundo , Portugal
| | - Bruno Mendes
- d Sport Lisboa e Benfica , Benfica LAB , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Duane C Button
- c Memorial University , School of Human Kinetics and Recreation , St. John's , NL , Canada
| | - Pedro Pezarat-Correia
- a CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana , Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa , Cruz Quebrada , Dafundo , Portugal
| | - Sandro R Freitas
- a CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana , Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa , Cruz Quebrada , Dafundo , Portugal.,d Sport Lisboa e Benfica , Benfica LAB , Lisboa , Portugal
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34
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Saucedo-Vence K, Elizalde-Velázquez A, Dublán-García O, Galar-Martínez M, Islas-Flores H, SanJuan-Reyes N, García-Medina S, Hernández-Navarro MD, Gómez-Oliván LM. Toxicological hazard induced by sucralose to environmentally relevant concentrations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:347-357. [PMID: 27744200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sucralose (SUC) is an artificial sweetener that is now widely used in North American and Europe; it has been detected in a wide variety of aquatic environments. It is considered safe for human consumption but its effects in the ecosystem have not yet been studied in depth, since limited ecotoxicological data are available in the peer-reviewed literature. This study aimed to evaluate potential SUC-induced toxicological hazard in the blood, brain, gill, liver and muscle of Cyprinus carpio using oxidative stress biomarkers. Carps were exposed to two different environmentally relevant concentrations (0.05 and 155μgL-1) for different exposure times (12, 24, 48, 72 and 96h). The following biomarkers were evaluated: lipid peroxidation (LPX), hydroperoxide content (HPC) and protein carbonyl content (PCC), as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). SUC was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry techniques (HPLC)-MS/MS. Results show a statically significant increase in LPX, HPC, PCC (P<0.05) especially in gill, brain and muscle, as well as significant changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in gill and muscle. Furthermore, the biomarkers employed in this study are useful in the assessment of the environmental impact of this agent on aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karinne Saucedo-Vence
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Armando Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio Dublán-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa s/n, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, México, DF CP 07738, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Nely SanJuan-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa s/n, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, México, DF CP 07738, Mexico
| | - María Dolores Hernández-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Gagnon DD, Peltonen JE, Rintamäki H, Gagnon SS, Herzig KH, Kyröläinen H. The effects of skin and core tissue cooling on oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle during walking and running. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:1995-2004. [PMID: 27800701 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1245436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin and core tissue cooling modulates skeletal muscle oxygenation at rest. Whether tissue cooling also influences the skeletal muscle deoxygenation response during exercise is unclear. We evaluated the effects of skin and core tissue cooling on skeletal muscle blood volume and deoxygenation during sustained walking and running. Eleven male participants walked or ran six times on a treadmill for 60 min in ambient temperatures of 22°C (Neutral), 0°C for skin cooling (Cold 1), and at 0°C following a core and skin cooling protocol (Cold 2). Difference between oxy/deoxygenated haemoglobin ([diffHb]: deoxygenation index) and total haemoglobin content ([tHb]: total blood volume) in the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle was measured continuously. During walking, lower [tHb] was observed at 1 min in Cold 1 and Cold 2 vs. Neutral (P˂0.05). Lower [diffHb] was seen at 1 and 10 min in Cold 2 vs. Neutral by 13.5 ± 1.2 µM and 15.3 ± 1.4 µM and Cold 1 by 10.4 ± 3.1 µM and 11.1 ± 4.1 µM, respectively (P˂0.05). During running, [tHb] was lower in Cold 2 vs. Neutral at 10 min only (P = 0.004). [diffHb] was lower at 1 min in Cold 2 by 11.3 ± 3.1 µM compared to Neutral and by 13.5 ± 2.8 µM compared to Cold 1 (P˂0.001). Core tissue cooling, prior to exercise, induced greater deoxygenation of the VL muscle during the early stages of exercise, irrespective of changes in blood volume. Skin cooling alone, however, did not influence deoxygenation of the VL during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique D Gagnon
- a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada.,b Center for Research in Occupational Safety and Health , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada.,c Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Juha E Peltonen
- d Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine , Clinicum, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,e Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine , Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Hannu Rintamäki
- c Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,f Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Oulu , Finland
| | - Sheila S Gagnon
- g Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Western Ontario , Ontario , Canada
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- c Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,h Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland.,i Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- j Department of Biology of Physical Activity , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
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Smith JR, Broxterman RM, Ade CJ, Evans KK, Kurti SP, Hammer SM, Barstow TJ, Harms CA. Acute supplementation of N-acetylcysteine does not affect muscle blood flow and oxygenation characteristics during handgrip exercise. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/7/e12748. [PMID: 27044854 PMCID: PMC4831322 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N‐acetylcysteine (NAC; antioxidant and thiol donor) supplementation has improved exercise performance and delayed fatigue, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. One possibility is NAC supplementation increases limb blood flow during severe‐intensity exercise. The purpose was to determine if NAC supplementation affected exercising arm blood flow and muscle oxygenation characteristics. We hypothesized that NAC would lead to higher limb blood flow and lower muscle deoxygenation characteristics during severe‐intensity exercise. Eight healthy nonendurance trained men (21.8 ± 1.2 years) were recruited and completed two constant power handgrip exercise tests at 80% peak power until exhaustion. Subjects orally consumed either placebo (PLA) or NAC (70 mg/kg) 60 min prior to handgrip exercise. Immediately prior to exercise, venous blood samples were collected for determination of plasma redox balance. Brachial artery blood flow (BABF) was measured via Doppler ultrasound and flexor digitorum superficialis oxygenation characteristics were measured via near‐infrared spectroscopy. Following NAC supplementaiton, plasma cysteine (NAC: 47.2 ± 20.3 μmol/L vs. PLA: 9.6 ± 1.2 μmol/L; P = 0.001) and total cysteine (NAC: 156.2 ± 33.9 μmol/L vs. PLA: 132.2 ± 16.3 μmol/L; P = 0.048) increased. Time to exhaustion was not significantly different (P = 0.55) between NAC (473.0 ± 62.1 sec) and PLA (438.7 ± 58.1 sec). Resting BABF was not different (P = 0.79) with NAC (99.3 ± 31.1 mL/min) and PLA (108.3 ± 46.0 mL/min). BABF was not different (P = 0.42) during exercise or at end‐exercise (NAC: 413 ± 109 mL/min; PLA: 445 ± 147 mL/min). Deoxy‐[hemoglobin+myoglobin] and total‐[hemoglobin+myoglobin] were not significantly different (P = 0.73 and P = 0.54, respectively) at rest or during exercise between conditions. We conclude that acute NAC supplementation does not alter oxygen delivery during exercise in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Ryan M Broxterman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Carl J Ade
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Kara K Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Stephanie P Kurti
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Shane M Hammer
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Thomas J Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Craig A Harms
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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Dziegala M, Kasztura M, Kobak K, Bania J, Banasiak W, Ponikowski P, Jankowska EA. Influence of the availability of iron during hypoxia on the genes associated with apoptotic activity and local iron metabolism in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes and L6G8C5 skeletal myocytes. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3969-77. [PMID: 27599775 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential availability of iron during hypoxia is presumed to affect the functioning of cardiac and skeletal myocytes. Rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes and L6G8C5 myocytes were cultured for 48 h in normoxic or hypoxic conditions at the optimal, reduced or increased iron concentration. The mRNA expression levels of markers of apoptosis [B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl2; inhibition) and Bcl‑2‑activated X protein (Bax; induction)], atrophy (Atrogin), glycolysis (pyruvate kinase 2; PKM2) and iron metabolism [transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1; iron importer), ferroportin 1 (FPN1; iron exporter), ferritin heavy chain (FTH; iron storage protein) and hepcidin (HAMP; iron regulator)] were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and cell viability was measured using an tetrazolium reduction assay. Cardiomyocytes and myocytes, when exposed to hypoxia, demonstrated an increased Bax/Bcl‑2 gene expression ratio (P<0.05). Additional deferoxamine (DFO) treatment resulted in further increases in Bax/Bcl‑2 in each cell type (P<0.001 each) and this was associated with the 15% loss in viability. The analogous alterations were observed in both cell types upon ammonium ferric citrate (AFC) treatment during hypoxia; however, the increased Bax/Bcl‑2 ratio and associated viability loss was lower compared with that in case of DFO treatment (P<0.05 each). Under hypoxic conditions, myocytes demonstrated an increased expression of PKM2 (P<0.01). Additional DFO treatment caused an increase in the mRNA expression levels of PKM2 and Atrogin‑1 (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively), whereas AFC treatment caused an increased mRNA expression of PKM2 (P<0.01) and accompanied decreased mRNA expression of Atrogin‑1 (P<0.05). The expression augmentation of PKM2 during hypoxia was greater upon low iron compared with that of ferric salt treatment (P<0.01). Both cell types upon DFO during hypoxia demonstrated the increased expression of TfR1 and HAMP (all P<0.05), which was associated with the increased Bax/Bcl‑2 ratio (all R>0.6 and P<0.05). In conclusion, during hypoxia iron deficiency impairs the viability of cardiomyocytes and myocytes more severely compared with iron excess. In myocytes, during hypoxia iron may act in a protective manner, since the level of atrophy is decreased in the iron‑salt‑treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dziegala
- Students' Scientific Organization, Department of Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, 50‑367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Kasztura
- Department of Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, 50‑367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Kobak
- Laboratory for Applied Research on Cardiovascular System, Department of Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, 50‑981 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Bania
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50‑375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Waldemar Banasiak
- Centre for Heart Diseases, Military Hospital, 50‑981 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Department of Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, 50‑367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa A Jankowska
- Laboratory for Applied Research on Cardiovascular System, Department of Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, 50‑981 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract
Advances in opto-electronic systems have meant that optical spectroscopy can now be used for noninvasive measurements in tissue in patients. A number of techniques have evolved over the last 15 years that make use of the characteristic differences in the absorption spectrum of deoxygenated and oxygenated hemoglobin to measure oxygen saturation. This article summarizes, in particular, those techniques that may prove to be applicable to measurements relating to lower extremity wounds. A short introduction is given about existing electrode methods before describing applications of near infrared and visible wavelength spectroscopy to measurements in tissue. The advantages and limitations of these methods are discussed. An example of an area where tissue spectroscopy is now in routine clinical use for tissue healing viability assessment is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Harrison
- Regional Medical Physics Department, University Hospital of North Durham, UK.
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Campbell MD, Marcinek DJ. Evaluation of in vivo mitochondrial bioenergetics in skeletal muscle using NMR and optical methods. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1862:716-724. [PMID: 26708941 PMCID: PMC4788529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is now clear that mitochondria are involved as either a cause or consequence of many chronic diseases. This central role of the mitochondria is due to their position in the cell as important integrators of cellular energetics and signaling. Mitochondrial function affects many aspects of the cellular environment such as redox homeostasis and calcium signaling, which then also exert control over mitochondrial function. This complex dynamic between mitochondrial function and the cellular environment highlights the value of examining mitochondria in vivo in the intact physiological environment. This review discusses NMR and optical approaches used to measure mitochondria ATP and oxygen fluxes that provide in vivo measures of mitochondrial capacity and quality in animal and human models. Combining these in vivo measurements with more traditional ex vivo analyses can lead to new insights into the importance of the cellular environment in controlling mitochondrial function under pathological conditions. Interpretation and underlying assumptions for each technique are discussed with the goal of providing an overview of some of the most common approaches used to measure in vivo mitochondrial function encountered in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Campbell
- University of Washington, Seattle, 850 Republican St., Brotman D142, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - David J Marcinek
- University of Washington, Seattle, 850 Republican St., Brotman D142, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Thorn CE, Shore AC. The role of perfusion in the oxygen extraction capability of skin and skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1277-84. [PMID: 27016577 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00047.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen extraction (OE) by all cells is dependent on an adequate supply of oxygen in proximal blood vessels and the cell's need and ability to uptake that oxygen. Here the role of blood flow in regulating OE in skin and skeletal muscle was investigated in lean and obese men. OE was derived by two optical reflectance spectroscopy techniques: 1) from the rate of fall in mean blood saturation during a 4 min below knee arterial occlusion, and thus no blood flow, in calf skin and skeletal muscle and 2) in perfused, unperturbed skin, using the spontaneous falls in mean blood saturation induced by vasomotion in calf and forearm skin of 24 subjects, 12 lean and 12 obese. OE in perfused skin was significantly higher in lean compared with obese subjects in forearm (Mann-Whitney, P < 0.004) and calf (P < 0.001) and did not correlate with OE in unperfused skin (ρ = -0.01, P = 0.48). With arterial occlusion and thus no blood flow, skin OE in lean and obese subjects no longer differed (P = 0.23, not significant). In contrast in skeletal muscle with arterial occlusion and no blood flow, the difference in OE between lean and obese subjects occurred, with obese subjects exhibiting significantly higher OE (P < 0.012). The classic model of metabolic blood flow regulation to support oxygen extraction is evident in perfused skin; OE is perturbed without blood flow and reduced in obesity. In resting skeletal muscle other mechanism(s), independent of blood flow, are implicated in oxygen extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Thorn
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School and National Institute of Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Angela C Shore
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School and National Institute of Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Kruse NT, Silette CR, Scheuermann BW. Influence of passive stretch on muscle blood flow, oxygenation and central cardiovascular responses in healthy young males. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1210-21. [PMID: 26945077 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00732.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of skeletal muscle stretching on peripheral, central, and autonomic cardiovascular responses in humans. Twelve healthy males completed a controlled passive stretch of the plantar flexors for 4 min at three different intensities. Doppler ultrasound velocimetry and imaging techniques assessed mean leg blood flow (MLBF), antegrade blood flow, and retrograde blood flow of the popliteal artery. Near-infrared spectroscopy assessed the concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin + myoglobin ([HHb]) and the sum of its deoxygenated and oxygenated forms [i.e., blood volume ([Hbtot])]. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure were measured simultaneously to peripheral hemodynamic responses. During stretch there was an increase (P < 0.05) in antegrade and retrograde blood flow along with [HHb] and [Hbtot] relative to baseline, whereas MLBF was not altered. HR increased (P < 0.01) in a stretch intensity- and time-dependent manner, suggesting a threshold tension must be met that results in a mechanoreflex-mediated increase in HR. After stretch there was an increase (P < 0.05) in [Hbtot] and MLBF in each condition, suggesting that stretch creates a poststretch hyperemic response. Furthermore, retrograde blood flow was decreased (P < 0.05) after stretch in each stretch condition. Mean arterial pressure was decreased (P < 0.05) after moderate-intensity stretching. Collectively, our data provide novel mechanistic evidence on cardiovascular responses to skeletal muscle stretching in humans. Moreover, the reductions in MAP and retrograde blood flow suggest that stretch transiently reduces myogenic vascular tone in a poststretch resting period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Kruse
- Human Integrative and Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Christopher R Silette
- Cardiopulmonary and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Barry W Scheuermann
- Cardiopulmonary and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
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Cunniffe B, Sharma V, Cardinale M, Yellon D. Characterization of muscle oxygenation response to vascular occlusion: implications for remote ischaemic preconditioning and physical Performance. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 37:785-793. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Cunniffe
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health; University College London; London UK
- English Institute of Sport; Bisham Abbey; Marlow UK
| | - V. Sharma
- UCL; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute; London UK
- Department of Internal Medicine; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland OH USA
| | - M. Cardinale
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health; University College London; London UK
- Aspire Academy; Doha Qatar
| | - D. Yellon
- UCL; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute; London UK
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Aerobic training enhances muscle deoxygenation in early post-myocardial infarction. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:673-85. [PMID: 26759155 PMCID: PMC4819748 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Exercise-induced skeletal muscle deoxygenation is startling by its absence in early post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Exercise training early post-MI is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk and increased aerobic capacity. We therefore investigated whether aerobic training could enhance the muscle deoxygenation in early post-MI patients. Methods 21 ± 8 days after the first MI patients (n = 16) were divided into 12-week aerobic training (TR, n = 10) or non-training (CON, n = 6) groups. Before and after intervention, patients performed ramp bicycle exercise until exhaustion. Muscle deoxygenation was measured at vastus lateralis by near-infrared spectroscopy during exercise. Results Aerobic training significantly increased peak oxygen uptake (VO2) (18.1 ± 3.0 vs. 22.9 ± 2.8 mL/kg/min), decreased the change in muscle oxygen saturation from rest to submaximal and peak exercise (∆SmO2; 2.4 ± 5.7 vs. −7.0 ± 3.4 %), and increased the relative change in deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin concentration from rest to submaximal (−1.5 ± 2.3 vs. 3.0 ± 3.6 μmol/L) and peak exercise (1.1 ± 4.5 vs. 8.2 ± 3.5 μmol/L). Change in total hemoglobin/myoglobin concentration in muscle was not significantly affected by training. In CON, no significant alterations were found after 12 weeks in either muscle deoxygenation or peak VO2 (18.6 ± 3.8 vs. 18.9 ± 4.6 mL/kg/min). An increase in peak VO2 was significantly negatively correlated with change in ∆SmO2 (r = −0.65) and positively associated with change in ∆deoxy-Hb/Mb at peak exercise (r = 0.64) in TR. Conclusions In early post-MI patients, aerobic training enhanced skeletal muscle deoxygenation, and the enhancement was related to increased aerobic capacity.
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Volkening N, Unni A, Löffler BS, Fudickar S, Rieger JW, Hein A. Characterizing the Influence of Muscle Activity in fNIRS Brain Activation Measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Takagi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University
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MasoudiMotlagh M, Sugar JJ, Azimipour M, Linz WW, Michalak G, Seo NJ, Ranji M. Monitoring hemodynamic changes in stroke-affected muscles using near-infrared spectroscopy. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2015; 2:2055668315614195. [PMID: 31191919 PMCID: PMC6531806 DOI: 10.1177/2055668315614195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxygenation level of a tissue is an important marker of the health of the
tissue and has a direct effect on performance. It has been shown that the blood
flow to the paretic muscles of hemiparetic post-stroke patients is significantly
reduced compared to non-paretic muscles. It is hypothesized that hemodynamic
activity in paretic muscles is suppressed as compared to non-paretic muscles,
and that oximetry can be used to measure this disparity in real-time. In order
to test this hypothesis, a custom-made oximetry device was used to measure
hemodynamic activity in the forearm extensor muscles in post-stroke patients’
paretic and non-paretic sides and in a control population during three exercise
levels calibrated to the subject’s maximum effort. The change in oxygenation
(ΔOxy) and blood volume (ΔBV) were
calculated and displayed in real-time. Results show no apparent difference in
either ΔOxy or ΔBV between control subjects’
dominant and non-dominant muscles. However, the results show a significant
difference in ΔOxy between paretic and non-paretic muscles, as
well as a significant difference between normalized post-stroke and control
data. Further work will be necessary to determine if the observed difference
between the paretic and non-paretic muscles changes over the course of physical
therapy and can be correlated with functional improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad MasoudiMotlagh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Sugar
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
| | - Mehdi Azimipour
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
| | - Whitney W Linz
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
| | - Gregory Michalak
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
| | - Na Jin Seo
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Health Professions, Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
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Effect of pedaling cadence on muscle oxygenation during high-intensity cycling until exhaustion: a comparison between untrained subjects and triathletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2681-9. [PMID: 26255290 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the muscle oxygenation between trained and untrained subjects during heavy exercise until exhaustion at two extreme pedaling cadences using a NIRS system. METHODS Nine untrained male subjects and nine male competitive triathletes cycled until exhaustion at an intensity corresponding to 90 % of the power output achieved at peak oxygen uptake at 40 and 100 rpm. Gas exchanges were measured breath-by-breath during each exercise. Muscle (de)oxygenation was monitored continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy on the Vastus Lateralis. RESULTS Muscle deoxygenation (∆deoxy[Hb + Mb], i.e., O2 extraction) and ∆total[Hb + Mb] were significantly higher at 40 rpm compared to 100 rpm during the exercise in untrained subjects but not in triathletes (p < 0.05). The time performed until exhaustion was significantly higher at 40 than at 100 rpm in untrained subjects (373 ± 55 vs. 234 ± 37 s, respectively) but not in triathletes (339 ± 69 vs. 325 ± 66 s). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that high aerobic fitness (1) allows for better regulation between [Formula: see text]O2M and VO2M following the change in pedaling cadence, and (2) is the most important factor in the relationship between pedaling cadence and performance.
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48
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Broxterman RM, Craig JC, Smith JR, Wilcox SL, Jia C, Warren S, Barstow TJ. Influence of blood flow occlusion on the development of peripheral and central fatigue during small muscle mass handgrip exercise. J Physiol 2015; 593:4043-54. [PMID: 26104881 DOI: 10.1113/jp270424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical power represents an important threshold for neuromuscular fatigue development and may, therefore, dictate intensities for which exercise tolerance is determined by the magnitude of fatigue accrued. Peripheral fatigue appears to be constant across O2 delivery conditions for large muscle mass exercise, but this consistency is equivocal for smaller muscle mass exercise. We sought to determine the influence of blood flow occlusion during handgrip exercise on neuromuscular fatigue development and to examine the relationship between neuromuscular fatigue development and W '. Blood flow occlusion influenced the development of both peripheral and central fatigue, thus providing further evidence that the magnitude of peripheral fatigue is not constant across O2 delivery conditions for small muscle mass exercise. W ' appears to be related to the magnitude of fatigue accrued during exercise, which may explain the reported consistency of intramuscular metabolic perturbations and work performed for severe-intensity exercise. The influence of the muscle metabolic milieu on peripheral and central fatigue is currently unclear. Moreover, the relationships between peripheral and central fatigue and the curvature constant (W ') have not been investigated. Six men (age: 25 ± 4 years, body mass: 82 ± 10 kg, height: 179 ± 4 cm) completed four constant power handgrip tests to exhaustion under conditions of control exercise (Con), blood flow occlusion exercise (Occ), Con with 5 min post-exercise blood flow occlusion (Con + Occ), and Occ with 5 min post-exercise blood flow occlusion (Occ + Occ). Neuromuscular fatigue measurements and W ' were obtained for each subject. Each trial resulted in significant peripheral and central fatigue. Significantly greater peripheral (79.7 ± 5.1% vs. 22.7 ± 6.0%) and central (42.6 ± 3.9% vs. 4.9 ± 2.0%) fatigue occurred for Occ than for Con. In addition, significantly greater peripheral (83.0 ± 4.2% vs. 69.0 ± 6.2%) and central (65.5 ± 14.6% vs. 18.6 ± 4.1%) fatigue occurred for Occ + Occ than for Con + Occ. W ' was significantly related to the magnitude of global (r = 0.91) and peripheral (r = 0.83) fatigue. The current findings demonstrate that blood flow occlusion exacerbated the development of both peripheral and central fatigue and that post-exercise blood flow occlusion prevented the recovery of both peripheral and central fatigue. Moreover, the current findings suggest that W ' may be determined by the magnitude of fatigue accrued during exercise.
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Key Words
- %Sat-[Hb + Mb], %Saturation-[haemoglobin + myoglobin]
- CP, critical power
- Con, control exercise
- Con + Occ, control exercise with 5 min post-exercise blood flow occlusion
- EMG, electromyography
- LED, light-emitting diodes
- MVC, maximal voluntary contraction
- MedPF, median power frequency
- NIRS, near infrared spectroscopy
- Occ, blood flow occlusion exercise
- Occ + Occ, blood flow occlusion exercise with 5 min post-exercise blood flow occlusion
- P, power
- PCr, phosphocreatine
- Pi, inorganic phosphate
- Ppeak, peak power
- Qtw, potentiated doublet force
- R, resistance
- Tlim, task failure
- VA, voluntary activation
- W ′, curvature constant
- d, displacement
- deoxy-[Hb + Mb], deoxygenated-[haemoglobin + myoglobin]
- f, contraction frequency
- iEMG, intergrated electromyography
- oxy-[Hb + Mb], oxygenated-[haemoglobin + myoglobin]
- total-[Hb + Mb], total-[haemoglobin + myoglobin]
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Broxterman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - J C Craig
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - J R Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - S L Wilcox
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - C Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - S Warren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - T J Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Broxterman RM, Craig JC, Ade CJ, Wilcox SL, Barstow TJ. The effect of resting blood flow occlusion on exercise tolerance and W'. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26224689 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00283.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has previously been postulated that the anaerobic work capacity (W') may be utilized during resting blood flow occlusion in the absence of mechanical work. We tested the hypothesis that W' would not be utilized during an initial range of time following the onset of resting blood flow occlusion, after which W' would be utilized progressively more. Seven men completed blood flow occlusion constant power severe intensity handgrip exercise to task failure following 0, 300, 600, 900, and 1,200 s of resting blood flow occlusion. The work performed above critical power (CP) was not significantly different between the 0-, 300-, and 600-s conditions and was not significantly different from the total W' available. Significantly less work was performed above CP during the 1,200-s condition than the 900-s condition (P < 0.05), while both conditions were significantly less than the 0-, 300-, and 600-s conditions (P < 0.05). The work performed above CP during these conditions was significantly less than the total W' available (P < 0.05). The utilization of W' during resting blood flow occlusion did not begin until 751 ± 118 s, after which time W' was progressively utilized. The current findings demonstrate that W' is not utilized during the initial ∼751 s of resting blood flow occlusion, but is progressively utilized thereafter, despite no mechanical work being performed. Thus, the utilization of W' is not exclusive to exercise, and a constant amount of work that can be performed above CP is not the determining mechanism of W'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Broxterman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; and
| | - Jesse C Craig
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Carl J Ade
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Samuel L Wilcox
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Thomas J Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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50
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Caliandro P, Mirabella M, Padua L, Simbolotti C, Fino CD, Iacovelli C, Sancricca C, Rossini PM. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy. Muscle Nerve 2015; 51:830-7. [PMID: 25287218 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we evaluated whether near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can determine the metabolic patterns of dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), and inclusion-body myositis (IBM). METHODS We enrolled 10 consecutive patients affected by DM, 11 by PM, and 9 by IBM, and 3 groups of healthy controls. We measured changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin in the extensor digitorum communis during venous and arterial occlusion testing (VOT) and post-occlusion hyperemia. RESULTS DM showed lower oxygen consumption (P=0.04) during VOT and reduced oxygen supply after VOT (P=0.04) compared with controls. IBM patients showed higher oxygen consumption (P=0.04) during VOT and higher oxygen supply after VOT (P=0.03) than controls. DM patients showed reduced oxidative metabolism compared with IBM (P=0.001), and an impaired ability to supply oxygen compared with PM (P=0.03) and IBM (P=0.001) patients. CONCLUSIONS NIRS differentiated samples of DM and IBM patients from controls, but it could not distinguish PM patients from a sample of healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Caliandro
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopedics, and Physiatrics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mirabella
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopedics, and Physiatrics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Padua
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopedics, and Physiatrics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara De Fino
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopedics, and Physiatrics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Sancricca
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopedics, and Physiatrics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopedics, and Physiatrics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,IRCSS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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