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Sobhy IS, Gurr GM, Hefin Jones T. Induced plant resistance and its influence on natural enemy use of plant-derived foods. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 64:101218. [PMID: 38838913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
In response to herbivory, plants employ several inducible defenses to mitigate herbivore damage. These plant-induced responses can trigger subtle changes in plant metabolite composition, altering the profiles of plant-produced exudates such as (extra-) floral nectar and plant guttation. Natural enemies consume these plant-produced exudates, which serve as consistent and nutrient-dense food sources. There is mounting evidence that natural enemies' access to plant-produced exudates impacts their fitness, performance, and life history traits. Nonetheless, the role of induced plant defense on plant-produced exudates and the subsequent effect on natural enemies remains under-researched. This review, thus, highlights the potential role of induced plant defense on the profiles of plant-produced exudates, with a particular emphasis on altered metabolic changes affecting resource nutritional value and consequently the fitness and performance of natural enemies. Future directions and potential implications in biological control practices are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam S Sobhy
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Geoff M Gurr
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange NSW 2800, Australia
| | - T Hefin Jones
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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2
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Yan F, Ma J, Peng M, Xi C, Chang S, Yang Y, Tian S, Zhou B, Liu T. Lactic acid induced defense responses in tobacco against Phytophthora nicotianae. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9338. [PMID: 38654120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced resistance is considered an eco-friendly disease control strategy, which can enhance plant disease resistance by inducing the plant's immune system to activate the defense response. In recent years, studies have shown that lactic acid can play a role in plant defense against biological stress; however, whether lactic acid can improve tobacco resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae, and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In our study, the mycelial growth and sporangium production of P. nicotianae were inhibited by lactic acid in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Application of lactic acid could reduce the disease index, and the contents of total phenol, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), lignin and H2O2, catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities were significantly increased. To explore this lactic acid-induced protective mechanism for tobacco disease resistance, RNA-Seq analysis was used. Lactic acid enhances tobacco disease resistance by activating Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal transduction, regulating antioxidant enzymes, SA, JA, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) signaling pathways, and up-regulating flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes. This study demonstrated that lactic acid might play a role in inducing resistance to tobacco black shank disease; the mechanism by which lactic acid induces disease resistance includes direct antifungal activity and inducing the host to produce direct and primed defenses. In conclusion, this study provided a theoretical basis for lactic acid-induced resistance and a new perspective for preventing and treating tobacco black shank disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Junchi Ma
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Manjiang Peng
- Tobacco Quality Inspection, Department of Raw Material, Hongyun Honghe Tobacco Group, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Congfang Xi
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Suohui Tian
- No. 10 Middle School, Guangnan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Wenshan, 663300, Yunnan, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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3
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Wang W, Rui H, Yu L, Jin N, Liu W, Guo C, Cheng Y, Lou Y. Four-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid Treatment Induces the Defense Resistance of Rice to White-Backed Planthopper Sogatella furcifera. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15722. [PMID: 37958711 PMCID: PMC10648403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical elicitors can increase plant defense against herbivorous insects and pathogens. The use of synthetic chemical elicitors is likely to be an alternative to traditional pesticides for crop pest control. However, only a few synthetic chemicals are reported to protect plants by regulating signaling pathways, increasing the levels of defense metabolites and interfering with insect feeding. Here, we found that the exogenous application of a phenoxycarboxylic compound, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), can induce chemical defenses to protect rice plants from white-backed planthoppers (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera). Four-CPA was rapidly taken up by plant roots and degraded to 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). Four-CPA treatment modulated the activity of peroxidase (POD) and directly induced the deposition of lignin-like polymers using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the electron acceptor. The polymers, which are thought to prevent the planthopper's stylet from reaching the phloem, were broken down by WBPH nymphs. Meanwhile, 4-CPA increased the levels of flavonoids and phenolamines (PAs). The increased flavonoids and PAs, together with the degradation product of the polymers, avoided nymphal feeding and prolonged the nymphal period for 1 day. These results indicate that 4-CPA has the potential to be used as a chemical elicitor to protect rice from planthoppers. Moreover, these findings also open a pathway for molecule structure design of phenoxycarboxylic compounds as chemical elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China; (H.R.); (L.Y.); (W.L.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Haiyun Rui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China; (H.R.); (L.Y.); (W.L.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China; (H.R.); (L.Y.); (W.L.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Nuo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Wan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China; (H.R.); (L.Y.); (W.L.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Chen Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China; (H.R.); (L.Y.); (W.L.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yumeng Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China; (H.R.); (L.Y.); (W.L.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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Ferrández-Gómez B, Jordá JD, Cerdán M, Sánchez A. Valorization of Posidonia oceanica biomass: Role on germination of cucumber and tomato seeds. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:634-641. [PMID: 37857050 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants are organic compounds from plant sources such as botanical extracts and bioactive substances that promote plant growth, enhance photosynthesis and increase crop quality. The accumulation of detached Posidonia oceanica leaves on coasts of the Mediterranean Sea results in economic problems, due to the rejection of the tourists who frequent the beaches in the summer months. However, it is a plant with high content of secondary metabolites that can be used in sustainable agriculture. In this study we investigated the physicochemical characterization of Posidonia oceanica extracts with three different solutions and their application in tomato and cucumber seeds germination. The results showed that the aqueous extract of Posidonia oceanica had a high concentration of macro and micronutrients, as well as secondary metabolites with bioactive activity. The aqueous extract had a beneficial effect on both leaf and root growth on tomato seeds, specifically, an increase of 76% for the relative root growth and 73% for the germination index was obtained with respect to the control using the sample with the intermediate dilution (POe0.5). In addition, the extracts did not show toxicity to either germination or growth of the tomato plant. As for cucumber seed germination, the improvement was less significant and did result in a phytotoxic effect on both germination and plant growth. The most diluted extract had better results on seed germination. Therefore, the application of aqueous extracts of Posidonia oceanica were suitable to be appropriate for tomato germination and in turn contribute to eliminate the lots of Posidonia oceanica remains recovered in summer months in Mediterranean beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Ferrández-Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juana D Jordá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Mar Cerdán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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Chappuis L, Egger A, Roeder G, Glauser G, Jaffuel G, Benrey B, Abdala-Roberts L, Clancy MV, Turlings TCJ, Bustos-Segura C. Experimental Growth Conditions affect Direct and Indirect Defences in two Cotton Species. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:340-352. [PMID: 37160550 PMCID: PMC10495274 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cotton has been used as a model plant to study direct and indirect plant defence against herbivorous insects. However, the plant growing conditions could have an important effect on the outcome of such plant defence studies. We examined how common experimental growth conditions influence constitutive and inducible defences in two species of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum and G. herbaceum. We induced plants by applying caterpillar regurgitant to mechanical wounds to compare the induction levels between plants of both species grown in greenhouse or phytotron conditions. For this we measured defence metabolites (gossypol and heliocides) and performance of Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillars on different leaves, the emission of plant volatiles, and their attractiveness to parasitic wasps. Induction increased the levels of defence metabolites, which in turn decreased the performance of S. frugiperda larvae. Constitutive and induced defence levels were the highest in plants grown in the phytotron (compared to greenhouse plants), G. hirsutum and young leaves. Defence induction was more pronounced in plants grown in the phytotron and in young leaves. Also, the differences between growing conditions were more evident for metabolites in the youngest leaves, indicating an interaction with plant ontogeny. The composition of emitted volatiles was different between plants from the two growth conditions, with greenhouse-grown plants showing more variation than phytotron-grown plants. Also, G. hirsutum released higher amounts of volatiles and attracted more parasitic wasps than G. herbaceum. Overall, these results highlight the importance of experimental abiotic factors in plant defence induction and ontogeny of defences. We therefore suggest careful consideration in selecting the appropriate experimental growing conditions for studies on plant defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chappuis
- FARCE laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Egger
- FARCE laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Roeder
- FARCE laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey Jaffuel
- FARCE laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Betty Benrey
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, Mérida, 97000, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Mary V Clancy
- FARCE laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- FARCE laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland.
| | - Carlos Bustos-Segura
- FARCE laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
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6
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Samaras K, Mourtiadou S, Arampatzis T, Kakagianni M, Feka M, Wäckers F, Papadopoulou KK, Broufas GD, Pappas ML. Plant-Mediated Effects of Beneficial Microbes and a Plant Strengthener against Spider Mites in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040938. [PMID: 36840286 PMCID: PMC9959994 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a polyphagous herbivore with a worldwide distribution, and is a serious pest in tomato and other crops. As an alternative to chemical pesticides, biological control with the release of natural enemies such as predatory mites represent an efficient method to control T. urticae in many crops, but not in tomato. Other biological control agents, such as beneficial microbes, as well as chemical compounds, which can act as plant defense elicitors that confer plant resistance against pests and pathogens, may prove promising biological solutions for the suppression of spider mite populations in tomato. Here, we assessed this hypothesis by recording the effects of a series of fungal and bacterial strains and the plant strengthener acibenzolar-s-methyl for their plant-mediated effects on T. urticae performance in two tomato cultivars. We found significant negative effects on the survival, egg production and spider mite feeding damage on plants inoculated with microbes or treated with the plant strengthener as compared to the control plants. Our results highlight the potential of beneficial microbes and plant strengtheners in spider mite suppression in addition to plant disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Samaras
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
| | - Soultana Mourtiadou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
| | - Theodoros Arampatzis
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
| | - Myrsini Kakagianni
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Maria Feka
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Felix Wäckers
- R&D Department, Biobest Group N.V., 2260 Westerlo, Belgium
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Kalliope K. Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - George D. Broufas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
| | - Maria L. Pappas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
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Obermeier C, Mason AS, Meiners T, Petschenka G, Rostás M, Will T, Wittkop B, Austel N. Perspectives for integrated insect pest protection in oilseed rape breeding. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3917-3946. [PMID: 35294574 PMCID: PMC9729155 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the past, breeding for incorporation of insect pest resistance or tolerance into cultivars for use in integrated pest management schemes in oilseed rape/canola (Brassica napus) production has hardly ever been approached. This has been largely due to the broad availability of insecticides and the complexity of dealing with high-throughput phenotyping of insect performance and plant damage parameters. However, recent changes in the political framework in many countries demand future sustainable crop protection which makes breeding approaches for crop protection as a measure for pest insect control attractive again. At the same time, new camera-based tracking technologies, new knowledge-based genomic technologies and new scientific insights into the ecology of insect-Brassica interactions are becoming available. Here we discuss and prioritise promising breeding strategies and direct and indirect breeding targets, and their time-perspective for future realisation in integrated insect pest protection of oilseed rape. In conclusion, researchers and oilseed rape breeders can nowadays benefit from an array of new technologies which in combination will accelerate the development of improved oilseed rape cultivars with multiple insect pest resistances/tolerances in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Obermeier
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Torsten Meiners
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Petschenka
- Department of Applied Entomology, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Straße 5, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Rostás
- Division of Agricultural Entomology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Will
- Insitute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn Insitute, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wittkop
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nadine Austel
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Sobhy IS, Lou Y, Bruce TJA. Editorial: Inducing Plant Resistance Against Insects Using Exogenous Bioactive Chemicals: Key Advances and Future Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:890884. [PMID: 35519802 PMCID: PMC9062805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.890884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Islam S. Sobhy
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Toby J. A. Bruce
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
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Rodriguez-Saona C, Polashock JJ, Kyryczenko-Roth V, Holdcraft R, Jimenez-Gonzalez G, De Moraes CM, Mescher MC. Application of Plant Defense Elicitors Fails to Enhance Herbivore Resistance or Mitigate Phytoplasma Infection in Cranberries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:700242. [PMID: 34456943 PMCID: PMC8387625 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.700242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic elicitors of the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) plant defense pathways can be used to increase crop protection against herbivores and pathogens. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that elicitors of plant defenses interact with pathogen infection to influence crop resistance against vector and nonvector herbivores. To do so, we employed a trophic system comprising of cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon), the phytoplasma that causes false blossom disease, and two herbivores-the blunt-nosed leafhopper (Limotettix vaccinii), the vector of false blossom disease, and the nonvector gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). We tested four commercial elicitors, including three that activate mainly SA-related plant defenses (Actigard, LifeGard, and Regalia) and one activator of JA-related defenses (Blush). A greenhouse experiment in which phytoplasma-infected and uninfected plants received repeated exposure to elicitors revealed that both phytoplasma infection and elicitor treatment individually improved L. vaccinii and L. dispar mass compared to uninfected, untreated controls; however, SA-based elicitor treatments reduced L. vaccinii mass on infected plants. Regalia also improved L. vaccinii survival. Phytoplasma infection reduced plant size and mass, increased levels of nitrogen (N) and SA, and lowered carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios compared to uninfected plants, irrespective of elicitor treatment. Although none of our elicitor treatments influenced transcript levels of a phytoplasma-specific marker gene, all of them increased N and reduced C/N levels; the three SA activators also reduced JA levels. Taken together, our findings reveal positive effects of both phytoplasma infection and elicitor treatment on the performance of L. vaccinii and L. dispar in cranberries, likely via enhancement of plant nutrition and changes in phytohormone profiles, specifically increases in SA levels and corresponding decreases in levels of JA. Thus, we found no evidence that the tested elicitors of plant defenses increase resistance to insect herbivores or reduce disease incidence in cranberries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J Polashock
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Lab, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Chatsworth, NJ, United States
| | - Vera Kyryczenko-Roth
- P.E. Marucci Center, Rutgers University, Lake Oswego, Chatsworth, NJ, United States
| | - Robert Holdcraft
- P.E. Marucci Center, Rutgers University, Lake Oswego, Chatsworth, NJ, United States
| | - Giovanna Jimenez-Gonzalez
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Mark C Mescher
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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González-Mas N, Gutiérrez-Sánchez F, Sánchez-Ortiz A, Grandi L, Turlings TCJ, Manuel Muñoz-Redondo J, Moreno-Rojas JM, Quesada-Moraga E. Endophytic Colonization by the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria Bassiana Affects Plant Volatile Emissions in the Presence or Absence of Chewing and Sap-Sucking Insects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:660460. [PMID: 34381470 PMCID: PMC8350324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.660460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi are gaining acceptance in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems as effective and environmental safety biological control agents to protect a great variety of crops against pest insects. Many of these insect-pathogenic fungi can establish themselves as endophytes and thereby may induce the plant immune system. The activation of plant defenses by the fungal endophytic colonization can have a direct impact on herbivores and plant pathogens. An integral component of many plant defense responses is also the release of volatile organic compounds, which may serve as an indirect defense by attracting the natural enemies of herbivores. Here we investigated the effect of endophytic colonization by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana on the volatile emission by melon and cotton plants, either unharmed or after being damaged by sap-sucking aphids or leaf chewing caterpillars. We found that when the plants are colonized by B. bassiana they emit a different blend of volatile compounds compared to uncolonized control plants. Some of the emitted compounds have been reported previously to be released in response to herbivory and have been implicated in natural enemy attraction. Several of the compounds are also known to have antimicrobial properties. Therefore, endophytic colonization by B. bassiana might help to not only direct control insect pests but also increase the resistance of plants against agronomically important pests and phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia González-Mas
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes (ETSIAM), Universidad de Córdoba, ceiA3, Campus Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes (ETSIAM), Universidad de Córdoba, ceiA3, Campus Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Araceli Sánchez-Ortiz
- Department of Food Science and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Ctr Venta del Llano, Jaén, Spain
| | - Luca Grandi
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ted C. J. Turlings
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - José Manuel Muñoz-Redondo
- Department of Food Science and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Food Science and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Quesada-Moraga
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes (ETSIAM), Universidad de Córdoba, ceiA3, Campus Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
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11
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Oligosaccharides: Defense Inducers, Their Recognition in Plants, Commercial Uses and Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245972. [PMID: 33339414 PMCID: PMC7766089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have innate immune systems or defense mechanisms that respond to the attack of pathogenic microorganisms. Unlike mammals, they lack mobile defense cells, so defense processes depend on autonomous cellular events with a broad repertoire of recognition to detect pathogens, which compensates for the lack of an adaptive immune system. These defense mechanisms remain inactive or latent until they are activated after exposure or contact with inducing agents, or after the application of the inductor; they remain inactive only until they are affected by a pathogen or challenged by an elicitor from the same. Resistance induction represents a focus of interest, as it promotes the activation of plant defense mechanisms, reducing the use of chemical synthesis pesticides, an alternative that has even led to the generation of new commercial products with high efficiency, stability and lower environmental impact, which increase productivity by reducing not only losses but also increasing plant growth. Considering the above, the objective of this review is to address the issue of resistance induction with a focus on the potential of the use of oligosaccharides in agriculture, how they are recognized by plants, how they can be used for commercial products and perspectives.
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12
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Induction of defense in cereals by 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid suppresses insect pest populations and increases crop yields in the field. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12017-12028. [PMID: 32434917 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003742117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemical elicitors, so called plant strengtheners, can protect plants from pests and pathogens. Most plant strengtheners act by modifying defense signaling pathways, and little is known about other mechanisms by which they may increase plant resistance. Moreover, whether plant strengtheners that enhance insect resistance actually enhance crop yields is often unclear. Here, we uncover how a mechanism by which 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid (4-FPA) protects cereals from piercing-sucking insects and thereby increases rice yield in the field. Four-FPA does not stimulate hormonal signaling, but modulates the production of peroxidases, H2O2, and flavonoids and directly triggers the formation of flavonoid polymers. The increased deposition of phenolic polymers in rice parenchyma cells of 4-FPA-treated plants is associated with a decreased capacity of the white-backed planthopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera to reach the plant phloem. We demonstrate that application of 4-PFA in the field enhances rice yield by reducing the abundance of, and damage caused by, insect pests. We demonstrate that 4-FPA also increases the resistance of other major cereals such as wheat and barley to piercing-sucking insect pests. This study unravels a mode of action by which plant strengtheners can suppress herbivores and increase crop yield. We postulate that this represents a conserved defense mechanism of plants against piercing-sucking insect pests, at least in cereals.
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13
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Ge J, Li N, Yang J, Wei J, Kang L. Female adult puncture-induced plant volatiles promote mating success of the pea leafminer via enhancing vibrational signals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180318. [PMID: 30967018 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) synergize with the sex pheromones of herbivorous insects to facilitate mate location. However, the synergism of HIPVs and acoustic signals for sexual communication remains unknown. Here, we investigated the synergy between HIPVs and vibrational duets for sexual communication and mating in the pea leafminer ( Liriomyza huidobrensis). Our results indicated that adult leafminers do not produce species-specific pheromone, and female-puncture-induced plant volatiles facilitate the attraction of both sexes to host plant leaves and sexual encounters. Insect-derived cues do not participate in mate locations. Both sexes do not produce qualitatively different cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), and CHCs from females cannot elicit the antennal and behavioural responses of males. By contrast, induced green leaf volatiles, terpenoids and oximes elicit dramatic antennal responses in both sexes. Electrophysiological and behavioural tests consistently showed that the volatiles (Z)-3-hexenol and (Z)-3-hexenyl-acetate elicited the most intense gas chromatographic-electroantennographic responses, and attracted males and females. Remarkably, these volatiles significantly promoted the occurrence of vibrational duets between the sexes, thereby increasing the mating success of leafminers. Therefore, the synergism of HIPVs and vibrational signals largely promoted the mating success of leafminers, suggesting an alternative control strategy through precision trapping for non-pheromone-producing insects. This article is part of the theme issue 'Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ge
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100080 , People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100080 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Yang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100080 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Wei
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100080 , People's Republic of China
| | - Le Kang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100080 , People's Republic of China.,2 Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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14
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Sobhy IS, Caulfield JC, Pickett JA, Birkett MA. Sensing the Danger Signals: cis-Jasmone Reduces Aphid Performance on Potato and Modulates the Magnitude of Released Volatiles. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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15
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Abstract
In China, the genus Adelphocoris (Hemiptera: Miridae) includes three dominant pest species (A. suturalis, A. lineolatus and A. fasciaticollis), which cause great damage to cotton, alfalfa and other crops. In this study, we examined the role of the major volatile organic compounds from plants in host location by these three insects. Gas chromatography-electroantennography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses identified seven electroantennogram (EAG)-active compounds from 11 host plants. Although the insects responded to all of these compounds in EAG trials, some compounds did not elicit behavioral responses in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. Adelphocoris suturalis adults showed behavioral responses to four EAG-active compounds, n-butyl ether, butyl acrylate, butyl propionate and butyl butyrate. These four compounds, in addition to p-xylene, were also attractive to A. lineolatus adults. However, A. fasciaticollis adults were attracted only by butyl acrylate, butyl propionate and butyl butyrate. In field trials, A. suturalis and A. fasciaticollis were each attracted to five individual compounds (m-xylene, n-butyl ether, butyl acrylate, butyl butyrate and butyl propionate for A. suturalis and m-xylene, butyl acrylate, butyl butyrate, butyl propionate, and 1,8-cineole for A. fasciaticollis). By contrast, A. lineolatus aduts were attracted to six individual compounds, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-butyl ether, butyl acrylate, butyl butyrate, and butyl propionate. These compounds may be important in host plant location by the Adelphocoris species, and may be useful for developing attractants for adults of these species.
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16
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Parrilli M, Sommaggio D, Tassini C, Di Marco S, Osti F, Ferrari R, Metruccio E, Masetti A, Burgio G. The role of Trichoderma spp. and silica gel in plant defence mechanisms and insect response in vineyard. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:771-780. [PMID: 31097045 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several elicitors, stimulating induced resistance mechanisms, have potential in preventing or mitigating pathogen infections. Some of these compounds, triggering the production of jasmonic acid (JA), a precursor of herbivore-induced plant volatiles, could also play a central role in indirect resistance to pest species, by improving beneficial arthropod performance, and necrotrophic pathogens. In the current work, Trichoderma gamsii/T. asperellum and silica gel treatments - alone and in combination - were studied to evaluate the plant defence mechanism on grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) by laboratory and field trials. JA production level was measured before and after Plasmopara viticola infection on potted vines. JA production induced by silica gel was higher than that caused by Trichoderma before infection. In Trichoderma-treated plants, JA production increased after P. viticola inoculation. In vineyard field trials, Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) showed higher captures in transparent sticky traps on silica gel-treated plants, in comparison with control. On the other hand, no significant attraction was detected for Ichneumonoidea and other Chalcidoidea in silica gel and T. gamsii/T. asperellum-treated plants. The potential effects of elicitors are discussed, in the frame of attract and reward strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Parrilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| | - D Sommaggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| | - C Tassini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| | - S Di Marco
- C.N.R. (Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche) Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, BO, Italy
| | - F Osti
- C.N.R. (Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche) Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, BO, Italy
| | - R Ferrari
- C.A.A. (Centro Agricoltura Ambiente G. Nicoli), Via Argini Nord 3351, 40014, Località Castello dei Ronchi, Crevalcore, BO, Italy
| | - E Metruccio
- C.N.R. (Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche) Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, BO, Italy
| | - A Masetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| | - G Burgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
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17
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Zheng F, Chen L, Zhang P, Zhou J, Lu X, Tian W. Carbohydrate polymers exhibit great potential as effective elicitors in organic agriculture: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 230:115637. [PMID: 31887887 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Some carbohydrate polymers, usually oligosaccharides or polysaccharides, have great potential as an elicitor of plant defense. However, due to the complexity and diversity of poly- and oligosaccharide structure, the molecular mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of carbohydrate elicitors are still not well understood, which hinders the application of carbohydrate elicitors in agriculture. This review introduces the mechanisms of carbohydrate elicitor perception and signaling in plants. The structure and activity relationships of main poly- and oligosaccharides studied for the control of plant diseases are discussed and summarized. Additionally, the effects of carbohydrate elicitors on the secondary metabolite production are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peifeng Zhang
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingqi Zhou
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Lu
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Tian
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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18
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De Lange ES, Salamanca J, Polashock J, Rodriguez-Saona C. Genotypic Variation and Phenotypic Plasticity in Gene Expression and Emissions of Herbivore-Induced Volatiles, and their Potential Tritrophic Implications, in Cranberries. J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:298-312. [PMID: 30607684 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects are important problems in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) production. The use of chemical pesticides is common practice, but beneficial insects such as natural enemies of herbivores (e.g. predators and parasitoids) could be affected as well. Therefore, we studied the defensive mechanisms that cranberry plants use to combat pests, focusing on herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), which can be used to recruit predators and parasitoids foraging for prey or hosts. Then, we used synthetic HIPVs to test the attraction of natural enemies. In a greenhouse, we assessed nine cranberry genotypes for expression of genes involved in HIPV biosynthesis and/or emission of HIPVs. In an experimental field, we assessed whether baiting traps with individual or combinations of HIPVs increased attractiveness to natural enemies. The results showed that different cranberry genotypes vary in their emission of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes but not in their expression of two genes associated with terpene biosynthesis, α-humulene/β-caryophyllene synthase and (3S,6E)-nerolidol/R-linalool synthase. Induction with methyl jasmonate or herbivore (gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L.) feeding increased the expression of these genes and emission of HIPVs. The HIPV methyl salicylate (MeSA), alone or in combination with other HIPVs, increased syrphid attraction by 6-fold in the field, while (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and MeSA repelled ladybeetles and megaspilids, respectively. Linalool and β-caryophyllene elicited no behavioral responses of natural enemies. Elucidating the mechanisms of pest resistance, as well as experimentally augmenting plant defenses such as HIPVs, may contribute to the development of more sustainable pest management practices in crops, including cranberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira S De Lange
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 367 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Jordano Salamanca
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y de Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - James Polashock
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Entomology, Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
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19
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Bouissil S, Pierre G, Alaoui-Talibi ZE, Michaud P, El Modafar C, Delattre C. Applications of Algal Polysaccharides and Derivatives in Therapeutic and Agricultural Fields. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1187-1199. [PMID: 31465279 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190425162729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, researchers have given more and more consideration to natural polysaccharides thanks to their huge properties such as stability, biodegradability and biocompatibility for food and therapeutics applications. METHODS a number of enzymatic and chemical processes were performed to generate bioactive molecules, such as low molecular weight fractions and oligosaccharides derivatives from algal polysaccharides. RESULTS These considerable characteristics allow algal polysaccharides and their derivatives such as low molecular weight polymers and oligosaccharides structures to have great potential to be used in lots of domains, such as pharmaceutics and agriculture etc. Conclusion: The present review describes the mains polysaccharides structures from Algae and focuses on the currents agricultural (fertilizer, bio-elicitor, stimulators, signaling molecules and activators) and pharmaceutical (wound dressing, tissues engineering and drugs delivery) applications by using polysaccharides and/or their oligosaccharides derivatives obtained by chemical, physical and enzymatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Bouissil
- Universite Cadi Ayyad, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Bioingenierie Moleculaire, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Marrakech, Morocco
- Universite Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Universite Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi
- Universite Cadi Ayyad, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Bioingenierie Moleculaire, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Universite Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C El Modafar
- Universite Cadi Ayyad, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Bioingenierie Moleculaire, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Cedric Delattre
- Universite Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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20
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Furlong MJ, Ang GCK, Silva R, Zalucki MP. Bringing Ecology Back: How Can the Chemistry of Indirect Plant Defenses Against Herbivory Be Manipulated to Improve Pest Management? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1436. [PMID: 30319681 PMCID: PMC6170791 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Research on insect-plant interactions has highlighted the intricacies of constitutive and induced plant defenses. Of particular interest has been the relationship of natural enemies (especially parasitic hymenoptera) to herbivore induced changes to plants, especially their responses to herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). In recent decades this has been a fertile area for research, with elegant experiments showing that HIPVs are important in attracting natural enemies to plants. We critically appraise the application of work on HIPVs in plant-insect-natural enemy interactions. The promise of applications to improve pest management has not been forthcoming. We attribute this to a failure to include the multifaceted aspects of natural enemy-prey interactions - attraction, location, subjugation and experience. Attraction in an olfactometer by naïve parasitoids has not been translated to methodologically sound field-based estimates of higher parasitism rates. We highlight what needs to be done to better understand the information that HIPVs convey, how this is utilized by parasitoids and how a greater understanding of these interactions might lead to the development of new strategies so that this knowledge can be effectively deployed for improved pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Furlong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Myron P. Zalucki
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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21
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Chaliha C, Rugen MD, Field RA, Kalita E. Glycans as Modulators of Plant Defense Against Filamentous Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:928. [PMID: 30022987 PMCID: PMC6039678 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants and microbes utilize glycoconjugates as structural entities, energy reserves for cellular processes, and components of cellular recognition or binding events. The structural heterogeneity of carbohydrates in such systems is a result of the ability of the carbohydrate biosynthetic enzymes to reorient sugar monomers in a variety of forms, generating highly complex, linear, branched, or hierarchical structures. During the interaction between plants and their microbial pathogens, the microbial cell surface glycans, cell wall derived glycans, and glycoproteins stimulate the signaling cascades of plant immune responses, through a series of specific or broad spectrum recognition events. The microbial glycan-induced plant immune responses and the downstream modifications observed in host-plant glycan structures that combat the microbial attack have garnered immense interest among scientists in recent times. This has been enabled by technological advancements in the field of glycobiology, making it possible to study the ongoing co-evolution of the microbial and the corresponding host glycan structures, in greater detail. The new glycan analogs emerging in this evolutionary arms race brings about a fresh perspective to our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions. This review discusses the role of diverse classes of glycans and their derivatives including simple sugars, oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in relation to the activation of classical Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI) and Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI) defense responses in plants. While primarily encompassing the biological roles of glycans in modulating plant defense responses, this review categorizes glycans based on their structure, thereby enabling parallels to be drawn to other areas of glycobiology. Further, we examine how these molecules are currently being used to develop new bio-active molecules, potent as priming agents to stimulate plant defense response and as templates for designing environmentally friendly foliar sprays for plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanika Chaliha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Michael D. Rugen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Eeshan Kalita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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22
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Llandres AL, Almohamad R, Brévault T, Renou A, Téréta I, Jean J, Goebel FR. Plant training for induced defense against insect pests: a promising tool for integrated pest management in cotton. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2004-2012. [PMID: 29667361 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing cotton pest management using plant natural defenses has been described as a promising way to improve the management of crop pests. We here reviewed various studies on cotton growing systems to illustrate how an ancient technique called plant training, which includes plant topping and pruning, may contribute to this goal. Using examples from cotton crops, we show how trained plants can be brought to a state of enhanced defense that causes faster and more robust activation of their defense responses. We revisit the agricultural benefits associated with this technique in cotton crops, with a focus on its potential as a supplementary tool for integrated pest management (IPM). In particular, we examine its role in mediating plant interactions with conspecific neighboring plants, pests and associated natural enemies. We propose a new IPM tool, plant training for induced defense, which involves inducing plant defense through artificial injury. Experimental evidence from various studies shows that cotton training is a promising technique, particularly for smallholders, which can be used as part of an IPM program to significantly reduce insecticide use and to improve productivity in cotton farming. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Llandres
- CIRAD, Persyst Department, UPR AIDA, Montpellier, France
| | - Raki Almohamad
- CIRAD, Persyst Department, UPR AIDA, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Brévault
- CIRAD, Persyst Department, UPR AIDA, Montpellier, France
- BIOPASS, ISRA-UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alain Renou
- CIRAD, Persyst Department, UPR AIDA, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, BP, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Janine Jean
- CIRAD, Persyst Department, UPR AIDA, Montpellier, France
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Sobhy IS, Bruce TJ, Turlings TC. Priming of cowpea volatile emissions with defense inducers enhances the plant's attractiveness to parasitoids when attacked by caterpillars. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:966-977. [PMID: 29155489 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The manipulation of herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (HI-VOCs) via the application of the inducers benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) and laminarin (β-1,3-glucan) is known to enhance the attractiveness of caterpillar-damaged cotton and maize plants to parasitoids. To test if this is also the case for legumes, we treated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata var. unguiculata) with these inducers and studied the effects on HI-VOC emissions and the attraction of three generalist endoparasitoids. RESULTS After the inducers had been applied and the plants subjected to either real or mimicked herbivory by Spodoptera littoralis caterpillars, females of the parasitoids Campoletis sonorensis and Microplitis rufiventris showed a strong preference for BTH-treated plants, whereas Cotesia females were strongly attracted to both BTH- and laminarin-treated plants with real or mimicked herbivory. Treated plants emitted more of certain HI-VOCs, but considerably less indole and linalool and less of several sesquiterpenes. Multivariate data analysis revealed that enhanced wasp attraction after treatment was correlated with high relative concentrations of nonanal, α-pinene, (E)-β-ocimene and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), and with low relative concentrations of indole, (S)-linalool and (E)-β-farnesene. Inducer treatments had no significant effect on leaf consumption by the caterpillars. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that treating cowpea plants with inducers can enhance their attractiveness to biological control agents. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam S Sobhy
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Department of Plant Protection, Public Service Center of Biological Control (PSCBC), Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Toby Ja Bruce
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Ted Cj Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Turlings TCJ, Erb M. Tritrophic Interactions Mediated by Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles: Mechanisms, Ecological Relevance, and Application Potential. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 63:433-452. [PMID: 29324043 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivores, and their natural enemies are an integral part of all terrestrial ecosystems. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play a key role in these interactions, as they can attract predators and parasitoids to herbivore-attacked plants. Thirty years after this discovery, the ecological importance of the phenomena is widely recognized. However, the primary function of HIPVs is still subject to much debate, as is the possibility of using these plant-produced cues in crop protection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of HIPVs in tritrophic interactions from an ecological as well as a mechanistic perspective. This overview focuses on the main gaps in our knowledge of tritrophic interactions, and we argue that filling these gaps will greatly facilitate efforts to exploit HIPVs for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted C J Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland;
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland;
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25
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Sanches PA, Santos F, Peñaflor MFGV, Bento JMS. Direct and indirect resistance of sugarcane to Diatraea saccharalis induced by jasmonic acid. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:828-838. [PMID: 28434411 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Treating plants with synthetic jasmonic acid (JA) induces a defensive response similar to herbivore attack, and is a potential strategy for integrated pest management. Despite the importance of sugarcane, its JA-induced defences have not yet been studied. We investigated the effects of JA treatment on the direct and indirect resistance of sugarcane to the key-pest and specialist herbivore Diatraea saccharalis and the generalist Spodoptera frugiperda. Indirect defences were examined by testing the attraction of Cotesia flavipes, a sugarcane-borer parasitoid, to JA-induced volatile. The results showed that JA-treated sugarcane did not affect the weight gain of the two larvae. However, in dual-choice assays, both species preferred to feed on mock rather than JA-treated plants. Leaf colorimetric analyses showed that visual cues are unlikely to be involved in larval preference, whereas results from olfactometric assays revealed that D. saccharalis preferred JA-induced over mock plant volatiles. After 48 h of treatment, JA-treated plants emitted a volatile blend attractive to C. flavipes, comprised mainly of sesquiterpenes. However, the parasitoid did not discriminate JA-treated from host-damaged plant volatiles. When the wasps were given a choice between JA-treated and JA-treated + host-damaged plants, they preferred the latter, which emitted a more complex blend, suggesting that JA treatment likely does not hamper host-finding. We concluded that JA induces the emission of volatiles that are attractive to the sugarcane borer parasitoid, as well as an antixenosis type of resistance in sugarcane against the two pests, although neither volatiles nor visual cues alone are involved in the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Sanches
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, mailbox 9, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - F Santos
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, mailbox 9, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - M F G V Peñaflor
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), mailbox 3037, Lavras-MG, Brazil
| | - J M S Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, mailbox 9, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
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26
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Skrzypczak T, Krela R, Kwiatkowski W, Wadurkar S, Smoczyńska A, Wojtaszek P. Plant Science View on Biohybrid Development. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:46. [PMID: 28856135 PMCID: PMC5558049 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biohybrid consists of a living organism or cell and at least one engineered component. Designing robot-plant biohybrids is a great challenge: it requires interdisciplinary reconsideration of capabilities intimate specific to the biology of plants. Envisioned advances should improve agricultural/horticultural/social practice and could open new directions in utilization of plants by humans. Proper biohybrid cooperation depends upon effective communication. During evolution, plants developed many ways to communicate with each other, with animals, and with microorganisms. The most notable examples are: the use of phytohormones, rapid long-distance signaling, gravity, and light perception. These processes can now be intentionally re-shaped to establish plant-robot communication. In this article, we focus on plants physiological and molecular processes that could be used in bio-hybrids. We show phototropism and biomechanics as promising ways of effective communication, resulting in an alteration in plant architecture, and discuss the specifics of plants anatomy, physiology and development with regards to the bio-hybrids. Moreover, we discuss ways how robots could influence plants growth and development and present aims, ideas, and realized projects of plant-robot biohybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skrzypczak
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafał Krela
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kwiatkowski
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Shraddha Wadurkar
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Smoczyńska
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Gene Expression, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wojtaszek
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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Wang J, Wang Y, Shen L, Qian Y, Yang J, Wang F. Sulfated lentinan induced mitochondrial dysfunction leads to programmed cell death of tobacco BY-2 cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 137:27-35. [PMID: 28364801 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulphated lentinan (sLTN) is known to act as a resistance inducer by causing programmed cell death (PCD) in tobacco suspension cells. However, the underlying mechanism of this effect is largely unknown. Using tobacco BY-2 cell model, morphological and biochemical studies revealed that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to sLNT induced PCD. Cell viability, and HO/PI fluorescence imaging and TUNEL assays confirmed a typical cell death process caused by sLNT. Acetylsalicylic acid (an ROS scavenger), diphenylene iodonium (an inhibitor of NADPH oxidases) and protonophore carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (a protonophore and an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation) inhibited sLNT-induced H2O2 generation and cell death, suggesting that ROS generation linked, at least partly, to a mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-like activation. This conclusion was further confirmed by double-stained cells with the mitochondria-specific marker MitoTracker RedCMXRos and the ROS probe H2DCFDA. Moreover, the sLNT-induced PCD of BY-2 cells required cellular metabolism as up-regulation of the AOX family gene transcripts and induction of the SA biosynthesis, the TCA cycle, and miETC related genes were observed. It is concluded that mitochondria play an essential role in the signaling pathway of sLNT-induced ROS generation, which possibly provided new insight into the sLNT-mediated antiviral response, including PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 11 Keyuanjing Si Rd., Laoshan District, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- Qingyang Oriental Tobacco Company Ltd., Gansu, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 11 Keyuanjing Si Rd., Laoshan District, Qingdao, China
| | - Yumei Qian
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 11 Keyuanjing Si Rd., Laoshan District, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 11 Keyuanjing Si Rd., Laoshan District, Qingdao, China.
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 11 Keyuanjing Si Rd., Laoshan District, Qingdao, China.
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He X, Chen X, Lin S, Mo X, Zhou P, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Yang Y, Gu H, Shang Z, Lou Y, Wu J. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Natural-Product-like Libraries Containing a 3-Methylbenzofuran Moiety for the Discovery of New Chemical Elicitors. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:102-111. [PMID: 28168155 PMCID: PMC5288756 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a major source of biological molecules. The 3-methylfuran scaffold is found in a variety of plant secondary metabolite chemical elicitors that confer host-plant resistance against insect pests. Herein, the diversity-oriented synthesis of a natural-product-like library is reported, in which the 3-methylfuran core is fused in an angular attachment to six common natural product scaffolds-coumarin, chalcone, flavone, flavonol, isoflavone and isoquinolinone. The structural diversity of this library is assessed computationally using cheminformatic analysis. Phenotypic high-throughput screening of β-glucuronidase activity uncovers several hits. Further in vivo screening confirms that these hits can induce resistance in rice to nymphs of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. This work validates the combination of diversity-oriented synthesis and high-throughput screening of β-glucuronidase activity as a strategy for discovering new chemical elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui He
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Xia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyInstitute of Insect ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Songbo Lin
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Xiaochang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyInstitute of Insect ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Pengyong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyInstitute of Insect ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Yaoyao Lu
- School of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou310023P. R. China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou310023P. R. China
| | - Haining Gu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Zhicai Shang
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyInstitute of Insect ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
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29
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Gurr GM, Wratten SD, Landis DA, You M. Habitat Management to Suppress Pest Populations: Progress and Prospects. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 62:91-109. [PMID: 27813664 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Habitat management involving manipulation of farmland vegetation can exert direct suppressive effects on pests and promote natural enemies. Advances in theory and practical techniques have allowed habitat management to become an important subdiscipline of pest management. Improved understanding of biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships means that researchers now have a firmer theoretical foundation on which to design habitat management strategies for pest suppression in agricultural systems, including landscape-scale effects. Supporting natural enemies with shelter, nectar, alternative prey/hosts, and pollen (SNAP) has emerged as a major research topic and applied tactic with field tests and adoption often preceded by rigorous laboratory experimentation. As a result, the promise of habitat management is increasingly being realized in the form of practical worldwide implementation. Uptake is facilitated by farmer participation in research and is made more likely by the simultaneous delivery of ecosystem services other than pest suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff M Gurr
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales 2800, Australia
| | - Steve D Wratten
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, 7647 Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Douglas A Landis
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Sobhy IS, Woodcock CM, Powers SJ, Caulfield JC, Pickett JA, Birkett MA. cis-Jasmone Elicits Aphid-Induced Stress Signalling in Potatoes. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:39-52. [PMID: 28130741 PMCID: PMC5331074 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Elicitation of plant defense signaling that results in altered emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) offers opportunities for protecting plants against arthropod pests. In this study, we treated potato, Solanum tuberosum L., with the plant defense elicitor cis-jasmone (CJ), which induces the emission of defense VOCs and thus affects the behavior of herbivores. Using chemical analysis, electrophysiological and behavioral assays with the potato-feeding aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae, we showed that CJ treatment substantially increased the emission of defense VOCs from potatoes compared to no treatment. Coupled GC-electroantennogram (GC-EAG) recordings from the antennae of M. euphorbiae showed robust responses to 14 compounds present in induced VOCs, suggesting their behavioral role in potato/aphid interactions. Plants treated with CJ and then challenged with M. euphorbiae were most repellent to alate M. euphorbiae. Principal component analysis (PCA) of VOC collections suggested that (E)-2-hexenal, (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT), (E)-β-farnesene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), methyl salicylate (MeSA), CJ, and methyl benzoate (MeBA) were the main VOCs contributing to aphid behavioral responses, and that production of TMTT, (E)-β-farnesene, CJ, and DMNT correlated most strongly with aphid repellency. Our findings confirm that CJ can enhance potato defense against aphids by inducing production of VOCs involved in aphid-induced signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam S Sobhy
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK.,Department of Plant Protection, Public Service Center of Biological Control (PSCBC), Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.,Department of Microbial & Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Stephen J Powers
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - John C Caulfield
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - John A Pickett
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK.
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Fatouros NE, Cusumano A, Danchin EG, Colazza S. Prospects of herbivore egg-killing plant defenses for sustainable crop protection. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6906-6918. [PMID: 28725368 PMCID: PMC5513223 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a growing demand of food production worldwide, new strategies are suggested to allow for sustainable production of food with minimal effects on natural resources. A promising alternative to the application of chemical pesticides is the implementation of crops resistant to insect pests. Plants produce compounds that are harmful to a wide range of attackers, including insect pests; thus, exploitation of their natural defense system can be the key for the development of pest-resistant crops. Interestingly, some plants possess a unique first line of defense that eliminates the enemy before it becomes destructive: egg-killing. Insect eggs can trigger (1) direct defenses, mostly including plant cell tissue growth or cell death that lead to eggs desiccating, being crushed or falling off the plant or (2) indirect defenses, plant chemical cues recruiting natural enemies that kill the egg or hatching larvae (parasitoids). The consequences of plant responses to eggs are that insect larvae do not hatch or that they are impeded in development, and damage to the plant is reduced. Here, we provide an overview on the ubiquity and evolutionary history of egg-killing traits within the plant kingdom including crops. Up to now, little is known on the mechanisms and on the genetic basis of egg-killing traits. Making use of egg-killing defense traits in crops is a promising new way to sustainably reduce losses of crop yield. We provide suggestions for new breeding strategies to grow egg-killing crops and improve biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina E. Fatouros
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 16700 APWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Antonino Cusumano
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Etienne G.J. Danchin
- INRACNRS, UMR 1355‐7254Institut Sophia AgrobiotechUniversity of Nice Sophia Antipolis06900Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Stefano Colazza
- Department of Agricultural and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoViale delle Scienze edificio 590128PalermoItaly
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Temporal interactions of plant - insect - predator after infection of bacterial pathogen on rice plants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26043. [PMID: 27185548 PMCID: PMC4868983 DOI: 10.1038/srep26043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic infection on plants may affect interactions of host-plants with their herbivores, as well as the herbivores with their predators. In this study, the effects of infection by pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which causes a vascular disease in rice, on rice plants and consequent interactions with a rice herbivore, brown rice planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, and its major predator, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, were investigated. The results showed that the rice plants exhibited increased resistance to BPH only at 3 d post-inoculation of Xoo, while the Xoo infection did not affect the development and fecundity of BPH. BPH exhibited a higher preference to Xoo infected rice plants, whereas C. lividipennis preferred the Xoo infected rice plants after BPH fed, but preferred healthy rice plants without BPH fed. Volatile organic compounds emitted from Xoo rice were significantly higher than those from healthy rice plants, Xoo infection on BPH fed plants caused rice plants to emit more the herbivore-induced plant volatiles, while all of these changes correlated to the temporal dimension. These results demonstrated that Xoo infection significantly influenced the interactions of rice plants with two non-vectors, BPH and its predator, although these effects exhibited in a temporal pattern after infection.
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Sobhy IS, Erb M, Turlings TCJ. Plant strengtheners enhance parasitoid attraction to herbivore-damaged cotton via qualitative and quantitative changes in induced volatiles. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:686-693. [PMID: 24799328 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbivore-damaged plants release a blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that differs from undamaged plants. These induced changes are known to attract the natural enemies of the herbivores and therefore are expected to be important determinants of the effectiveness of biological control in agriculture. One way of boosting this phenomenon is the application of plant strengtheners, which has been shown to enhance parasitoid attraction in maize. It is unclear whether this is also the case for other important crops. RESULTS The plant strengtheners BTH [benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester] and laminarin were applied to cotton plants, and the effects on volatile releases and the attraction of three hymenopteran parasitoids, Cotesia marginiventris, Campoletis sonorensis and Microplitis rufiventris, were studied. After treated and untreated plants were induced by real or simulated caterpillar feeding, it was found that BTH treatment increased the attraction of the parasitoids, whereas laminarin had no significant effect. BTH treatment selectively increased the release of two homoterpenes and reduced the emission of indole, the latter of which had been shown to interfere with parasitoid attraction in earlier studies. Canonical variate analyses of the data show that the parasitoid responses were dependent on the quality rather than the quantity of volatile emission in this tritrophic interaction. CONCLUSION Overall, these results strengthen the emerging paradigm that induction of plant defences with chemical elicitors such as BTH could provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly strategy for biological control of pests by enhancing the attractiveness of cultivated plants to natural enemies of insect herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam S Sobhy
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Plant-Insect Interactions Group, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan; Department of Plant Protection, Public Service Centre of Biological Control (PSCBC), Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Gurr GM, You M. Conservation Biological Control of Pests in the Molecular Era: New Opportunities to Address Old Constraints. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1255. [PMID: 26793225 PMCID: PMC4709504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological control has long been considered a potential alternative to pesticidal strategies for pest management but its impact and level of use globally remain modest and inconsistent. A rapidly expanding range of molecular - particularly DNA-related - techniques is currently revolutionizing many life sciences. This review identifies a series of constraints on the development and uptake of conservation biological control and considers the contemporary and likely future influence of molecular methods on these constraints. Molecular approaches are now often used to complement morphological taxonomic methods for the identification and study of biological control agents including microbes. A succession of molecular techniques has been applied to 'who eats whom' questions in food-web ecology. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches have largely superseded immunological approaches such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and now - in turn - are being overtaken by next generation sequencing (NGS)-based approaches that offer unparalleled power at a rapidly diminishing cost. There is scope also to use molecular techniques to manipulate biological control agents, which will be accelerated with the advent of gene editing tools, the CRISPR/Cas9 system in particular. Gene editing tools also offer unparalleled power to both elucidate and manipulate plant defense mechanisms including those that involve natural enemy attraction to attacked plants. Rapid advances in technology will allow the development of still more novel pest management options for which uptake is likely to be limited chiefly by regulatory hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff M. Gurr
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of AgricultureFuzhou, China
- Graham Centre, Charles Sturt UniversityOrange, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Geoff M. Gurr,
| | - Minsheng You
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of AgricultureFuzhou, China
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35
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Birkett MA, Pickett JA. Prospects of genetic engineering for robust insect resistance. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 19:59-67. [PMID: 24747775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Secondary plant metabolites are potentially of great value for providing robust resistance in plants against insect pests. Such metabolites often comprise small lipophilic molecules (SLMs), and can be similar also in terms of activity to currently used insecticides, for example, the pyrethroids, neonicotinoids and butenolides, which provide more effective pest management than the resistance traits exploited by breeding. Crop plants mostly lack the SLMs that provide their wild ancestors with resistance to pests. However, resistance traits based on the biosynthesis of SLMs present promising new opportunities for crop resistance to pests. Advances in genetic engineering of secondary metabolite pathways that produce insecticidal compounds and, more recently, SLMs involved in plant colonisation and development, for example, insect pheromones, offer specific new approaches but which are more demanding than the genetic engineering approaches adopted so far. In addition, nature also offers various opportunities for exploiting induction or priming for resistance metabolite generation. Thus, use of non-constitutively expressed resistance traits delivered via the seed is a more sustainable approach than previously achieved, and could underpin development of perennial arable crops protected by sentinel plant technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A Pickett
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
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Poppy GM, Jepson PC, Pickett JA, Birkett MA. Achieving food and environmental security: new approaches to close the gap. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20120272. [PMID: 24535384 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G M Poppy
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, , Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Pickett JA, Aradottír GI, Birkett MA, Bruce TJA, Hooper AM, Midega CAO, Jones HD, Matthes MC, Napier JA, Pittchar JO, Smart LE, Woodcock CM, Khan ZR. Delivering sustainable crop protection systems via the seed: exploiting natural constitutive and inducible defence pathways. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20120281. [PMID: 24535389 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce the need for seasonal inputs, crop protection will have to be delivered via the seed and other planting material. Plant secondary metabolism can be harnessed for this purpose by new breeding technologies, genetic modification and companion cropping, the latter already on-farm in sub-Saharan Africa. Secondary metabolites offer the prospect of pest management as robust as that provided by current pesticides, for which many lead compounds were, or are currently deployed as, natural products. Evidence of success and promise is given for pest management in industrial and developing agriculture. Additionally, opportunities for solving wider problems of sustainable crop protection, and also production, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Pickett
- Rothamsted Research, , Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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Pickett JA, Woodcock CM, Midega CAO, Khan ZR. Push-pull farming systems. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 26:125-32. [PMID: 24445079 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Farming systems for pest control, based on the stimulo-deterrent diversionary strategy or push-pull system, have become an important target for sustainable intensification of food production. A prominent example is push-pull developed in sub-Saharan Africa using a combination of companion plants delivering semiochemicals, as plant secondary metabolites, for smallholder farming cereal production, initially against lepidopterous stem borers. Opportunities are being developed for other regions and farming ecosystems. New semiochemical tools and delivery systems, including GM, are being incorporated to exploit further opportunities for mainstream arable farming systems. By delivering the push and pull effects as secondary metabolites, for example, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene repelling pests and attracting beneficial insects, problems of high volatility and instability are overcome and compounds are produced when and where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Pickett
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | | | - Charles A O Midega
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zeyaur R Khan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
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